Upload
others
View
6
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Overview of the IUU fishing in the Pacific: policy, legislation and
practice Moses Amos,
Director of Fisheries,
Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC)
OVERVIEW OF WHAT WE WILL COVER
• Size of the Pacific Oceanic Fisheries
• National, Sub-regional & Regional Perspectives
• Successes
• Current situation
• IUU Trends and Impacts
• Challenges
• Vanuatu’s experiences
• Areas where support is needed
Size of the Pacific fishery
• The fishery is not just big - it is huge ;
• Total EEZ of 30 million square kilometers of ocean;
• Provides 60% of global tuna supply. Half from PICTs EEZs;
• Landed value = ~ US$6 billion – ~ US$3 billion from PICTs EEZs;
• 2013 Total catch = 2,621,511 mt
PS = 1,898,090 mt LL = 230,073 mt Approx. 60% of catch comes from
PNA waters
Just how much is that?
Nose to tail – the skipjack alone would go around
the world more than TEN times
Tuna cans produced could fill
TEN stadiums EACH year
Pacific Region’s Policies – Combating IUU – 3 Levels
•National Level
•Sub-regional Level
•Regional Level
Pacific Region IUU Overview
REGIONAL
(Total EEZs + HS + HS Pocket)
NATIONAL
(EEZs)
SUBREGIONAL
(EEZs of some PICTs + 1 HS
Pocket)
Enhanced & uniformed equivalent
effect on IUU
Regional measures compatible with sub-
regional measures
Regional measures compatible with
national measures
Sub-regional measures
compatible with national measures
Successes - National Level
In-zone
measures
Nat. Gov.
SPC/FFA
• Conservation and Management (VDS, TAC, number of licenses, vessel type & size)
• NPOA IUU
• Tuna Management Plans
• Compliance with sub-regional, regional and international obligations
• Fishing vessel Registration (FFA and Domestic)
• Charter of foreign fishing vessels
• Fishing by local vessels beyond national waters
• Licensing requirements and conditions
• Data collection and reporting
• Exit and entry reporting requirements
• Observer programme
• Boarding and Inspection Programme
• Port Inspections and sampling programme
• Surveillance Programme (serial and sea surface)
• “Port – Port” Vessel Monitoring Programme
• In zone and High seas Transhipment
• FAD programme
• Enforcement and prosecution
• Catch documentation Scheme
• Seafood verification and certification
Successes - Sub-regional Level
Sub-regional CMMs
PICTs SR Members
SPC/FFA
• Purse seine Vessel Day Scheme
• Sub-regional Fishing vessel Registration
• Sub-regional Licensing requirements and conditions
• Data collection and reporting
• Observer programme
• Boarding and Inspection Programme
• Vessel Monitoring Programme
• Transhipment Measures
• FAD programme
• Fisheries Information Management System (FIMS)
• Aerial and sea surface surveillance
Successes - Regional Level
• CMMs for – IUU Listing
– Vessel Monitoring System
– High Seas Transhipment
– Compliance Monitoring
– Compliance reports
– Data reporting
– Data submission and verification
– Regulation of Transhipment
– Vessel registration and authorization
– Regional Observer programme
Regional CMMs
DWFNs
PICTS
IUU Trends and Impacts • Estimating the level of IUU fishing is extremely difficult.
• Continues to be a problem in the Pacific, affecting conservation and management measures both in EEZs ,High seas, and High seas pockets;
• The bulk of IUU fishing occurs within EEZs and in particular within the waters of FFA members by both licensed and unlicensed fishing vessels
• Creates significant constraint to PICTS aspirations and attempt to sustainably manage their resources and provide food and nutrition security or fisheries income:
– Direct Economic impacts
– Secondary economic loses
– Social impacts
– Environmental impacts
Challenges • The responsibility of the coastal state to enforce the law within its EEZ is weak;
• Weak governance, insufficient financial resources, limited capacity, weak enforcement of terms and conditions of licensing;
• Weak national legislations;
• The state of governance of a country correlate with IUU fishing;
• Failure of the control component of MCS, rather than a failure of surveillance;
• Illegal activities by licensed fishing vessels are usually seen as being different from the unlicensed poaching;
• Licensed vessels are not generally regarded as pirates or poachers in the way that unlicensed operators are;
• Lack of distinction between unreported data from fishing within EEZs and that from fishing outside EEZs;
• Failure by States under basic obligations both in international law and under the LOSC to utilize fish stocks in a sustainable manner; and,
• Failure of national MCS systems to deter illegal fishing through detection, apprehension and the imposition of sanctions through the process of law.
Vanuatu’s Experience – “A Blessing in disguise” Before – EU IUU Notification
• No fishing vessel registry
• No control over registration of foreign fishing vessel on Vanuatu international shipping registry
• Uncontrolled issuance of International Fishing Authorisations and foreign fishing licenses;
• Gaps within National Legislation;
• National Tuna Management Plan very weak;
• Reporting performances to RFMOs (IATTC, ICCAT, IOTC, SPRFMO, WCPFC) very poor;
• No Flag State VMS and FIMS;
• No IUU NPOA;
• No port and Inspection Scheme
• No control over high seas transhipment by flag fishing vessels
• No data verification & control scheme
• No catch verification and documentation scheme
• Insufficient budget allocation
• Limited revenue collection
• No cooperation/collaboration between line agencies
After – EU IUU Notification Fishing vessel registry established
Control over registration of foreign fishing vessel on Vanuatu international shipping registry
Control over issuance of International Fishing Authorisations and foreign fishing licenses;
New National Fisheries Legislation;
National Tuna Management Plan revised;
Reporting performances to RFMOs (IATTC, ICCAT, IOTC, SPRFMO, WCPFC) improved;
New Flag State VMS and FIMS;
New IUU NPOA;
New port and Inspection measures
Control over high seas transhipment by flag fishing vessels
New data verification & control scheme established
Catch verification and documentation scheme
Budget allocation increased
Revenue collection increased
No cooperation/collaboration between line agencies
Change comes at a cost but tangible long term benefits
Areas where support would be needed • Improve understanding of the EU IUU Regulations (costs, benefits and impacts for
failure to comply)
• Financial and capacity support to Improve MCS systems (including MCS platforms, training, observers, VMS, management and control structures, catch reporting and accounting);
• Training and human resource development (inspectors, observers, negotiators and legislators);
• Establish alliance with EU to combat IUU;
• Develop strategy to assist and sustain countries de-listed from the EU IUU notification – “Yellow Card”/”Red Card”;
• Provide support to national governments through regional institions, like SPC and FFA;
• Development assistance directed towards enhancing both individual country fisheries management and MCS together with that of the region; and,
• Market/Trade controls and restrictions - through Port State Control or certification schemes,