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Changing Demographics of Immigrants in the Southeast*
Katharine M. Donato, Ph.D.Vanderbilt University
Department of Sociology
Prepared for the Four Freedoms Fund Tour of Southeast, June 6, 2011
Overview
• Dramatic demographic
change has occurred in
the US Southeast
Between 2000 & 2009: More Growth in SE than in US
Foreign Born Population
2009 2000 % Increase
United States 37,440,696 30,377,745 23% (~7M)
SE Region 3,148,043 2,088,246 51% (~2M)
Southeast: Excludes Florida
Source: 2000 US Census, 2009 American Community Survey
Growth among Largest 8 National Origins in SE
Foreign Born Population
2009 2000 % Increase
Mexico 625,696 381,094 64% (~245K)
India 188,367 93,824 101% (~95K)
Germany 182,888 171,886 6% (~11K)
El Salvador 134,905 81,453 66% (~53K)
Korea 125,144 71,760 74% (~53K)
Vietnam 120,221 101,749 18% (~18K)
Philippines 96,069 69,981 37% (~26K)
China 92,269 50,530 83% (~42K)
Source: 2000 US Census, 2009 American Community Survey
Growth among Next Largest8 National Origins in SE
Foreign Born Population
2009 2000 % Increase
Honduras 80,853 37,558 115% (~43K)
Guatemala 79,881 34,716 130% (~45K)
Canada 72,447 63,225 15% (~9K)
Japan 59,626 47,900 24% (~12K)
Jamaica 51,406 27,111 90% (~24K)
Colombia 46,303 29,682 56% (~17K)
Peru 40,399 20,470 97% (~20K)
Pakistan 36,497 25,408 44% (~11K)
Note: Excludes EnglandSource: 2000 US Census, 2009 American Community Survey
Growth among Next Largest8 National Origins in SE
Foreign Born Population
2009 2000 % Increase
Ethiopia 36,279 14,995 142% (~21K)
Brazil 35,080 12,817 174% (~22K)
Cuba 30,117 22,891 32% (~7K)
Nigeria 29,614 19,672 51% (~10K)
Iran 27,933 23,347 20% (~5K)
Thailand 25,167 14,190 77% (~11K)
USSR/Russia 24,891 16,219 53% (~9K)
Bolivia 24,864 16,628 50% (~50K)
Source: 2000 US Census, 2009 American Community Survey
Variation in National Origins by Race/Ethnicity
• Immigrants represent much
larger share of Hispanics
and Asians in SE
• Half or more are foreign
born in SE
106,761
135,659
348,726
286,850
397,609
1,644,873
26,263,361
97,178
122,371
368,508
276,437
417,931
1,574,552
16,847,218
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
South Carolina
Tennessee
North Carolina
Virginia
Georgia
Southeastern Region
United States
Southeast Hispanic Population by Nativity
US Born Foreign BornSource: 2009 American Community Survey
15,312
24,992
54,755
107,579
81,752
352,179
4,281,827
44,673
63,570
130,284
287,854
213,885
888,718
8,972,675
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
South Carolina
Tennessee
North Carolina
Virginia
Georgia
Southeastern Region
United States
Southeast Asian/PI Population by Nativity
US Born Foreign BornSource: 2009 American Community Survey
2,872,009
4,720,400
6,081,341
4,976,503
5,445,651
37,502,433
134,458,665
82,225
92,426
171,632
233,818
190,944
969,749
8,203,442
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
South Carolina
Tennessee
North Carolina
Virginia
Georgia
Southeastern Region
United States
Southeast White Population by Nativity
US Born Foreign BornSource: 2009 American Community Survey
1,256,968
1,013,326
1,894,518
1,430,999
2,743,346
12,803,239
28,645,208
15,350
19,074
57,706
83,511
161,774
383,942
2,955,203
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
South Carolina
Tennessee
North Carolina
Virginia
Georgia
Southeastern Region
United States
Southeast African American Population by Nativity
US Born Foreign BornSource: 2009 American Community Survey
How are Immigrants Concentrated in SE Metro Areas?
Examine Largest Metros of Different Immigrant Groups
15
17
20
21
23
34
50
55
56
177
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%
Birmingham, AL
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson SC
Washington, DC/MD/VA
Memphis, TN/AR/MS
Fayetteville-Springdale, AR
Nashville, TN
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC
Raleigh-Durham, NC
Atlanta, GA
Top 10 Metro Destinations in the SE (in thousands):
Mexicans
Source: 2009 American Community Survey
6
7
9
10
14
21
23
30
68
110
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%
Fayetteville-Springdale, AR
Norfolk-VA Beach--Newport News, VA
Richmond-Petersburg, VA
Greensboro-Winston Salem-High Point, NC
Nashville, TN
Raleigh-Durham, NC
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC
New Orleans, LA
Atlanta, GA
Washington, DC/MD/VA
Top 10 Metro Destinations in the SE (in thousands):
Central American/Caribbean
Source: 2009 American Community Survey
3
5
5
7
8
8
9
15
54
75
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%
Nashville, TN
Greensboro-Winston Salem-High Point, NC
Norfolk-VA Beach--Newport News, VA
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson SC
Raleigh-Durham, NC
New Orleans, LA
Richmond-Petersburg, VA
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC
Atlanta, GA
Washington, DC/MD/VA
Top 10 Metro Destinations in the SE (in thousands):
South Americans
Source: 2009 American Community Survey
1
2
2
3
3
6
6
6
6
69
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Columbia, SC
Greensboro-Winston Salem-High Point, NC
Nashville, TN
New Orleans, LA
Richmond-Petersburg, VA
Washington, DC/MD/VA
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC
Raleigh-Durham, NC
Norfolk-VA Beach--Newport News, VA
Atlanta, GA
Top 10 Metro Destinations in the SE (in thousands):
West Indies
Source: 2009 American Community Survey
13
14
14
21
22
35
37
41
81
105
0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% 20%
Columbia, SC
Greensboro-Winston Salem-High Point, NC
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson SC
Richmond-Petersburg, VA
Nashville, TN
Raleigh-Durham, NC
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC
Norfolk-VA Beach--Newport News, VA
Washington, DC/MD/VA
Atlanta, GA
Top 10 Metro Destinations in the SE (in thousands):
Europe/Canada/Australia
Source: 2009 American Community Survey
5
5
6
7
11
13
17
37
56
69
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%
Memphis, TN/AR/MS
Birmingham, AL
Louisville, KY/IN
Greensboro-Winston Salem-High Point, NC
Nashville, TN
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC
Raleigh-Durham, NC
Richmond-Petersburg, VA
Washington, DC/MD/VA
Atlanta, GA
Top 10 Metro Destinations in the SE (in thousands):
Africa
Source: 2009 American Community Survey
21
25
26
27
33
47
50
55
188
254
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%
Memphis, TN/AR/MS
New Orleans, LA
Greensboro-Winston Salem-High Point, NC
Richmond-Petersburg, VA
Nashville, TN
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC
Norfolk-VA Beach--Newport News, VA
Raleigh-Durham, NC
Atlanta, GA
Washington, DC/MD/VA
Top 10 Metro Destinations in the SE (in thousands):
Asia and Middle-East
Source: 2009 American Community Survey
Demographic Change in SE
• Since 2000 big growth in immigrants
• Some national origins are larger, and some growing
at faster rates
• Hispanics & Asians in SE have disproportionately
more foreign born (50% or more)
• Many SE cities have diverse groups of immigrants
• Final slides describe socioeconomic profile of
immigrants in SE, using rates of child poverty and
education
Poverty Status of Children by
Nativity & Place
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
United States Southeastern Region
Georgia Virginia North Carolina
Tennessee South Carolina
Percent of Child Population in Poverty by Nativity: Hispanics
US Born Foreign BornSource: 2009 American Community Survey
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
United States Southeastern Region
Georgia Virginia North Carolina
Tennessee South Carolina
Percent of Child Population in Poverty by Nativity: Blacks
US Born Foreign BornSource: 2009 American Community Survey
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
United States Southeastern Region
Georgia Virginia North Carolina
Tennessee South Carolina
Percent of Child Population in Poverty by Nativity: Asians
US Born Foreign BornSource: 2009 American Community Survey
0
5
10
15
20
25
United States Southeastern Region
Georgia Virginia North Carolina
Tennessee South Carolina
Percent of Child Population in Poverty by Nativity: Whites
US Born Foreign BornSource: 2009 American Community Survey
Poverty Profile is Mixed• Among Hispanics in US and SE, immigrant
children more likely to live in poverty (but US
born children are more likely in NC and SC)o Likely due to more mixed status families in some states
• Among African Americans, US born children
more likely to live in poverty
• Among Asians/MEs & Whites, immigrant
children more likely to live in poverty
What about Education?
• Paper to be released this week
from Brookings shows a diverse skill
profile of immigrants in SE
• Of the top 100 metros in the SE, all
but one are high/balanced skill
destinations
Of top 100 Metro Areas in SE, All but One have Balanced Immigrant Skill Ratio
Source: Singer & colleagues, Brookings Release, June 9, 2011
Summary
• Substantial growth of immigrants in SE
• Many different origin groups
• Foreign born represent more than half of all Asians
and Hispanics in many SE destinations
• Some SE metros have very diverse immigrant groups
• Rates of child poverty are higher for immigrant
children among Whites, Asians, and among
Hispanics in some SE cities
• But educational profile suggests immigrants in
all/most SE metros have balanced skill ratio
Contact Information
If you need/want more information, please contact:
Katharine M. Donato, Ph.D.
Department of Sociology
Vanderbilt University
(615) 322-7500
Thank you!