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“For Municipalities, By Municipalities, Benefitting Municipalities and their Communities”

Overview of Water Safety Planning (WSP) & Wastewater Risk

Abatement Planning (W2RAPs) MBI Water Services

Master Class #5 2017

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Why Do We Need WSP and W2RAP?

• End-product testing is not enough – Reactive – problem has already

occurred – Sampling takes time – response

delayed

• Preparedness and resilience

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Components & Steps

1. Preparation

2. System assessment

3. Monitoring

4. Management & communication

5. Feedback

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Time

Tim

e in

pu

t

Requirements

• Management commitment • Suitable team • Competent and trained staff • “Right” organizational culture • Initial development = considerable

time input • Time spent in field increases &

reliance on the results of routine lab tests decreases

• Once established, time input

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Enabling Effective WSP and W2RAP

Effective WSP & W2RAP

Hygiene and sanitation

Research

Organizational culture

Staff training & continuing education

Equipment upgrade &

maintenance

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Water Safety Plan vs. Water Safety Planning?

Water Safety Plan vs. Water Safety & Security Plan?

W2RAP vs. Sanitation Safety Planning (SSP)?

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SA Water Quality Initiatives

• Municipal Water Quality Management

(eWQMS) (2006)

• Incentive-based Regulation

– Blue Drop/Green Drop Certification (2008)

• FIFA World Cup 2010

• SANS 241 (DWQ Standards)

– 1984 - 1999 - 2001 - 2005 - 2011 - 2015

• WRC – provide WSP resources

– Guidelines and spreadsheet/web tools

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Blue & Green Drop Audits

• Proof / Evidence / Show

me!

• Management commitment!

• Preparation and planning –

not last minute!

• No Drop

– Water conservation and demand management

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WSP in SA: Initial Experience

• Have policies/procedures, etc. BUT not always

up to-date/centrally located/nicely packaged

• Improved understanding of challenges

• Implementation of plans insufficient

numbers/skilled O&M staff

• BDC a high profile indicator priority

item/funding was forthcoming

• WSP must be owned by municipality

• Need guidance to easily complete a WSP, flag

high risk issues, & tracking corrective actions

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Where is SA Now?

• BDC 6th Round (2014): 1036

systems assessed

– Good compliance for 84% of systems

– 37% of systems have ACTIVE water

safety planning

– 24% of systems do not implement

WSP activities at all

– 19% of systems are informed by full

SANS 241 analysis and a Risk Defined

Monitoring programme

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WSP and W2RAP Steps: Key Observations

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Team

• Q: How often do we meet, discuss issues, and make decisions?

A: Not often!

• Team Meetings

– Held regardless of stakeholders

– Separate internal WSP/W2RAP team meeting

– Monthly/quarterly basis

– Track task/action progress & feedback to management

• Stakeholders

– Stakeholder participation generally poor

– Every 6 months/once per year

– Present status update of progress

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System Description

• Description and flow diagrams

– Symbol chart

• DWQ standards

– Specific limits for ALL parameters of SANS 241 DWQ Standard

• Maps

– Consider inclusion of aerial maps of water treatment system (e.g. utilising GIS or Google)

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Walk the System!

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Describing Hazardous Events

• When describing hazardous events, BE SPECIFIC! • Clearly indicate what hazard could be introduced, and how. • A good hazardous event reads like this:

– X happens (to the water supply) because of Y • Examples:

– Source water becomes faecally contaminated (X) because of discharge of untreated domestic waste from households (Y)

– Water in the pipe network becomes contaminated (X) because of unsanitary pipeline repair practices (Y)

– Water is over- or under-dosed with chlorine (X) because of insufficient operator training (Y)

– X = What can happen to the water supply – Y = How it can happen (i.e. cause)

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Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment • Keep a photo diary

• Separate WSPs/W2RAPs and make specific

• Risk assessment methodology – Specify risk matrix/methodology

– Test and stick to it!

• Control measures vs. improvement actions – Clear separation between what exists and what is

required

– Control measures – validation and corrective action (e.g. if chlorine level is low we do this)

– Improvement actions – new controls (e.g. next year will be part of your control measures)

17

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Improvement Plan

• “Very high” and “high” risks must be prioritised

• Costs and funding source (i.e. commitment) must be clearly stipulated

– Multi-criteria decision analysis

• Must track task/action completion as per suggested WSP/W2RAP team meetings

• Conduct risk re-assessment (if improvement actions are implemented)

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Operational Monitoring

• Visual inspections

– Keep records of visual inspections / checklists / logbooks and ensure signed and dated

• Operational DWQ/WWQ monitoring

– Use data to track performance (e.g. management meetings)

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Verification

• Compliance monitoring – Incident Management Protocol or alert levels

– Risk-based monitoring

– Laboratory proficiency testing

• Consumer satisfaction surveys

• Audit – External audit (Regulator)

– Internal Audit

– At least one per year

– Audit particular aspects / steps

Are we spending our money wisely?

VERIFICATION

Compliance

monitoring

Auditing Consumer

satisfaction

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Management Procedures & Supporting Programmes • Need to set or improve Standard Operating

Procedures

• WSP/W2RAP team generate outputs for the SOPs and evaluate the effectiveness thereof

• ISO certification (QMS ISO 9001:2008)

• Develop plans and approve budgets i.e. implement/make a reality

• Keep records

• Buy-in and commitment throughout (ALL departments) is essential for long-term sustainability

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Review and Revision

• Don’t be shy to use your WSP/W2RAP tick tasks completed, change dates, etc.

• Date on cover page

• Include WSP/W2RAP team photo

• Sign-off by Top Management – commitment and funding to fix!!

• Must have a plan/timeline

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WSP Tools and Resources: SA

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W2RAP Tools and Resources: SA

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Tools and Resources: International

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If you don’t know where you’re going, any road will get you there…