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The IEA Bioenergy Technology Collaboration Programme (TCP) is organised under the auspices of the International Energy Agency (IEA) but is functionally and legally autonomous.
Views, findings and publications of the IEA Bioenergy TCP do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the IEA Secretariat or its individual member countries.
Overview on the role of flexible bioenergy in renewable energy systems
Task 44 Flexible Bioenergy and System Integration
Elina Mäki, Task leader
IEA Bioenergy webinar, 18 March 2021
www.ieabioenergy.com2
• Background – Why flexible bioenergy?
• Examples of flexible bioenergy concepts
• What is flexible bioenergy?
• IEA Bioenergy Task 44
Outline
www.ieabioenergy.com3Source: Lazard’s levelized cost of energy analysis – Version 13.0
Cost of wind and solar has decreased drastically
www.ieabioenergy.com4
Source: IEA Offshore Wind Outlook 2019
Offshore wind has massive potential
www.ieabioenergy.com5
VRE deployment phase in selected countries
Source: IEA Renewables 2018: Analysis and Forecasts to 2023
Phases are
characterized by
integration
challenges related
to technical,
regulatory, market
and institutional
aspects.
www.ieabioenergy.com6
Variability is normal
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Po
we
r (G
W)
Demand
Source: Kiviluoma, J. (2013.) Managing wind power variability
and uncertainty through increased power system flexibility
www.ieabioenergy.com7
When 40% of electricity demand covered by wind
power in an example system
But variability increases with more VRE
-20
-10
0
10
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Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Po
we
r (G
W)
Demand
Net demand
Source: Kiviluoma, J. (2013.) Managing wind power variability
and uncertainty through increased power system flexibility
www.ieabioenergy.com8
Categorisation of relevant flexibility options
Figure modified from Figure 7 of Flexibility in 21st Century
Power Systems
BIOENERGY BIOENERGY BIOENERGY
Options and
associated costs
are system
dependent and
evolving over time.
www.ieabioenergy.com9
1. Faster cold start up
• Thermal loads on refractories and pressure vessel
• Heat transfer to bed mass
2. Increased speed of load change
3. Wider operational range
• Lower minimum load (30%, 20%, 15%...)
• Emission performance
• Efficiency, steam properties
Increasing the flexibility of biomass boilers
www.ieabioenergy.com10
1. Co-generation with flexible output ratios
• Heat + Power
• Fuels + Power
• Fuels + Heat + Power
2. Only chemical energy source in a non-fossil energy system
3. Naturally easily storable as
• Solid
• Liquid
Bioenergy has unique features
www.ieabioenergy.com11
Co-production of power, steam and heat?
Combustion
Other steam uses
Biomass
~80% of total CapEx running 8000 h/yr
By-product heat
Baseload
Flexible
Power generation
www.ieabioenergy.com12
Liquid fuels for peaker plants?
StoragePower
generation
Pyrolysis
Biomass
~90% of total CapEx running 8000 h/yr
Baseload
Flexible
www.ieabioenergy.com13
Co-production of fuels, power and heat?
Gasification
Fuelsynthesis
Biomass
~70% of total CapEx running 8000 h/yr
By-product heat
Baseload
Flexible
Power generation
www.ieabioenergy.com14
Bioenergy with demand side flexibility?
Anaerobic digestion
MethanationBiomass
~80% of total CapEx running 8000 h/yr
Baseload
Flexible
Electrolysis
Surplus renewable
energy
Hydrogenenhancement
www.ieabioenergy.com15
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70N
et lo
ad (G
W)
Flexibility from bioenergy
Hydrogen
enhanced
biofuels
Flexible peak generation from biomass
Load
Net load
Co-production
of fuels & power
Bio-oil
back-up
Bio-oil
back-up
Time
www.ieabioenergy.com16
“Flexible bioenergy is defined as a bioenergy system than can provide multiple services and benefits to the energy system under varying operating conditions and/or loads.
What is flexible bioenergy?
Examples of flexible bioenergy include:
• technologies and concepts providing grid stability for a power system with large amounts of variable wind and solar energy;
• dispatchable production of energy and other products according to market demand;
• integrated polygeneration systems combining the production of heat, power, fuels and/or chemicals;
• long-term storage options such as biofuels and biochemicals; or
• ancillary services to support system reliability.”
Source: IEA Bioenergy Task 44 – Flexible bioenergy and system integration
www.ieabioenergy.com17
Our key topics
• Flexible bioenergy concepts for supporting low-carbon energy systems
• Acceleration of implementation
• System requirements for bioenergy concepts
Member states
• Australia, Austria, Finland, Germany, Ireland, The Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, USA
IEA Bioenergy Task 44: Flexible Bioenergy and System Integration
Expectation and implementation of
flexible bioenergy in different countries
Flexible bioenergy –Technical options
www.ieabioenergy.com18
Our website & LinkedIn group
https://www.linkedin.com/groups/13682476/
https://task44.ieabioenergy.com/
www.ieabioenergy.com
Thank you for your interest!
Elina Mäki
VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd
ERA-Net VaBiSys project: Webinar on Flexible bioenergy, 12 April 2021, 12-15 CEST
Link to register
