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wv X}NWD OQwt QO |Q}oxH}Dv w |WRN |=yV}=tR; R= pY=L |=yQ=Owtv =@l} QO l =N Q=DN=U QO T}r}Uwv=v Q=Okt Q}F-=D '13 pmW "OQ=O Ck@=]t l =NpmW|}xLiY w |}xDUwB Q=DN=U "OyO|t u=Wv =Q p=mU=B wr}m 300 C@=F VvDCiQo xH}Dv u=wD|t "CU= C} -wQ p@=k pY=L Q} w=YD QO Kw[w x@ sQv TQ l =Nl =N Pi=vt pN=O QO C=QPwv=v uDiQoQ=Qk w |vRw �0 5 =D T}r}Uwv=v uOwRi= =@ xmQDW}@ V}=Ri= =@ |rw 'CU= xOW QDsHUvt l =N '=yxv=O u}@ CU@ w pik V}=Ri= wC@Uv =yM=QwU uwQO QO T}r}Uwv=v |}xQPuwQO pNrND p}rO x@ 'T}r}Uwv=v OYQO=@ xOWC}@FD |=yxvwtv |wQ SEM G}=Dv '14 pmW "CU= xDi=} V}=Ri= pNrNDu=Wv =Q p=mU=B wr}m 1200 w 600 '300 '150 VvD CLD T}r}Uwv=v �0 5Q=DN=U 'p=mU=B wr}m 1200 VvD QO w xDi=} Vy=m pNrND 'VvD V}=Ri= =@ "OyO|tR= K]U u}= ptLD C}iQ_ sQv l =N OyO|t u=Wv xm 'CU= xDN} Q sy x@ l =N'|r=ta= VvD Kw]U '|Q=PoQ=@ pL=Qt "OwW|t |oO}W=B sy R= Q=JO w OQ=Ov =Q VvDT}r}Uwv=v "CU= xOW x�=Q= 6 pwOH QO Q=@ p=ta= u=tR COt w =yxvwtv pNrNDV}=Ri= =@ "OyO|t u=Wv =Q p=mU=B wr}m 1200 w 600 '300 '150 VvD CLDxDN} Q sy x@ l =N Q=DN=U 'p=mU=B wr}m 1200VvD QO w xDi=}Vy=m pNrND 'VvD

xOWC}@FD sQv TQ l =N |xvwtv QO VvD =@ x}wv=F sm =QD ?} Q[ \=@DQ= "11 pmW"|}xrLQtlD |WRN V}=tR; QO T}r}Uwv=v =@

'0 5 '0 25 =@ xOWC}@FD l =N QO |WRN VvD =@ pNrND C@Uv \=@DQ= "12 pmWQO 1200 w 600 '300 '150 VvD QO T}r}Uwv=v uwO@ w =@ OYQO 1 5 w 1

"|}xrLQtOvJ V}=tR;

QO |}xrLQtOvJ V}=tR; QO T}r}Uwv=v uwO@ w =@ OYQO 1 5 w 1 '0 5 '0 25?} Q[ Q=Okt "OyO|t u=Wv =Q p=mU=B wr}m 1200 w 600 '300 '150 |=yVvD|=yOYQO |=Q@ |}xrLQtOvJV}=tR; R= xOt;CUOx@ sHL Q}}eD?} Q[ w |oOQWi|=yxvwtv OvyO|t u=Wv G}=Dv "CU= xOW x�=Q= 5 pwOH QO T}r}Uwv=v hrDNtT}r}Uwv=v Ok=i |=yxvwtv =@ xU}=kt QO |QDtm |oOQWi ?} Q[ T}r}Uwv=v |w=L|oOQWi ?} Q[ |vRw OYQO 0 5 =D T}r}Uwv=v OYQO V}=Ri= =@ xD@r= "OvDUy?@U T}r}Uwv=v uOwRi= xm OyO|t u=Wv Qt= u}= "CU= xOQm =O}B Vy=m QwmPt?} Q[ '�0 5 R= QDW}@ Q}O=kt QO =t= 'OwW|t CUWv Q@=Q@ QO Ctw=kt V}=Ri=|=yxQiL w OyO|t CUO R= =Q OwN s=HUv= xvwtv "Ovm|t =O}B V}=Ri= |oOQWi

"O@=}|t V}=Ri= u; QO OwHwt

SEM AwmUwQm}t "1"4|Q=OQ@Tma C}r@=k xm 'CU= |vwQDmr= AwmUwQm}t |awv 2 SEM AwmUwQm}t20 =D 1 R= QDtm |m}miD CQOk =@ Q@=Q@ 500000 =D 10 |}=tvnQR@ =@ Kw]U R=xOQm =O}B wv=v |Qw=vi QO |Q=}U@ |=yOQ@ Q=m xm 'OQ=O =Q xvwtv wv x@ xDU@ QDtwv=vs}mLD V}=tR; CLD xm |}=yxvwtv R= |QU l} |wQ SEM |Q=OQ@ Tma "CU=xOWs=Hv= V}=tR; R= xOt;CUOx@ G}=Dv "CU= xOW s=Hv= 'Ov=xDiQo Q=Qk |Oa@l}

139

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|=H |QDtm u=tR COt QO w OwW|t QDtm |}xQiL ?; Q=Wi 'OvwW|t l =N"OyO|t QF-wt VvD x@ =Q OwN

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=Q xOQ=w VvD w x} wv=F s}mLD ?} Q[ u}@ |x]@=Q xm 'Qmr=w |x} Q_v hqNQ@ "3sD} Q=or u}@ |]NQ}e ,qt=m |x]@=Q l} 'CU= xOQm u=}@ |]N CQwY x@0 3� u}}=B VvD Kw]U QO "OwW|t xOy=Wt x} wv=F sm =QD ?} Q[ w QF-wt VvDVvD K]U V}=Ri= =@ w V}=Ri= OvD ?}W =@ x} wv=F sm =QD ?} Q[ '�p=mU=B=ot1 2� QDq=@ |=yVvD Kw]U QO =t= "Ovm|t =O}B Vy=m '�p=mU=B=ot 0 6�"O@=}|t V}=Ri= C=QP OOHt V}=Q; w CUmW p}rO x@ VRN MQv '�p=mU=B=ot'OwW|t QDsm =QDt l =N C=QP 'l =N |Q@ Q=@C}iQ_ R= QDq=@ |=yVvD QO `k=w QOV}=Ri= VRN MQv w OyO|t xai=O |=ywQ}v x@ =Q OwN |=H x@P=H |=ywQ}v

"O@=}|t|=yxvwtv =@ xU}=kt QO |QDtm |oOQWi ?} Q[ T}r}Uwv=v |w=L |=yxvwtv "4x@ '|vRw �0 5 =D T}r}Uwv=v OYQO V}=Ri= =@ xD@r= "OvDUy T}r}Uwv=v Ok=i=t= "Ovm|t =O}B Vy=m |oOQWi ?} Q[ 'CUWv Q@=Q@ QO Ctw=kt V}=Ri= p}rO

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"CU= xOW x�=Q= 6 pwOH QO Q=@ p=ta= u=tR COt

|Q}oxH}Dv "5|WvD Kw]U QO |}xrLQtOvJ w |}xrLQtlD |WRN |=yV}=tR; 'Q[=L Q=DWwv QO|WRN Q=DiQ QO T}r}Uwv=v Q}F-=D |UQQ@ Qw_vt x@ `=@W= w lWN Cr=L QO Cw=iDt\=@DQ= T=U=Q@ =yV}=tR; R= xOt;CUOx@ G}=Dv w xOW s=Hv= sQv TQ l =N |xvwtvxOt; CUOx@ G}=Dv u}= w xOW u=}@ (�e) pNrND w (C�) x} wv=F sm =QD ?} Q[

%CU=V}=Ri= =@ "CU= xDiQ Q=mx@ T}r}Uwv=v OYQO w xOQ=w VvD R= QF-=Dt l =N Q=DiQ "1T}r}Uwv=v Ok=i l =N Ovv=ty x}rw= s}mLD u=}=B u=tR '�0 5 =D T}r}Uwv=v|WRN |=ypmWQ}}eD wQW u=tR 'T}r}Uwv=v OYQO QDW}@ V}=Ri= =@ =t= 'CU=\UwD xOQ=w VvD w p�=R QDOwR |}xQiL ?; Q=Wi xi=[= "Ovm|t =O}B Vy=ml =N |=yxQiL u}@ QO T}r}Uwv=v C=QP `k=w QO "OwW|t ptLD l =N CrmU=Pi=vt u}@ QO OwHwt p=}U w |Q}PBPwiv QO Vy=m Ea=@ w OvQ}o|t Q=Qk TQ

=yCWwv=B1. thixotropy2. scanning elecron microscope

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