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A Consumer Guide to Solar Electricity for the Home
Own Your Power!
Contents
Benefits of Solar Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Solar Electricity Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Types of Solar Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2Types of Solar Electric Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3Power Produced by a Solar Electric System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
How To Choose a System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Roof Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Installation and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
Costs and Financial Incentives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Purchasing Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Financing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
About this guide: The U .S . Department of Energy (DOE) receives numerous inquiries each year from consumers interested in solar electricity . This guide answers their frequently asked questions about benefits, system basics, choosing a system, financial incentives, warranty, and insurance issues . It is not meant to be a technical guide on how to design or install a system . Homeowners will need to consult with an experienced solar contractor to determine the best system for their climate and home’s energy needs . Some resources for consumers are also provided . DOE does not endorse any products in this guide .
1
Rising energy prices and growing en-vironmental concerns are making solar electric systems more attractive to homeowners. A solar electric system re-duces high energy costs and keeps your home up and running during power out-ages. The advantages to buying a solar electric system include:
•Savingasignificantamountonyourelectric bill
•Increasingyourhome’sappraisalvalue•Enjoyingreliable,clean,freepowerfor
25 to 30 years•Helpingtoboostoureconomybycreatingjobsandnewsolarcompanies.
Solar homes in California with SunPower Suntiles® integrated into their roofs.
Most solar electric systems last 30 yearsandpayforthemselvesin4to5yearsaftertaxcreditsandrebates.Thatmeanshomeownerscanenjoyfreeelectricityforyears.Ifyouinstallbatteries to back up your solar electric system,itwillprovideemergencypowerinareaswithfrequentstorms,hurricanes,andothernaturaldisasters.Inaddition,goingsolaraddsvaluetoyour home. According to the Appraisal Journal,*asolarelectricsystemincreasesyourhome’svalueby$20forevery$1inannualutilitybillsavings,whichmeansasystemalmostpaysforitselfwiththeappraisalvalueincreaseinsomecases.SeetheCostsandFinancialIncentivessection.SolarpowerreducesAmerica’sdependenceonforeignoilandfossilfuels,makingournation more secure while reducing air pollution and greenhouse gases.
*EvidenceofRationalMarketValuationsforHomeEnergyEfficiency,TheAppraisalJournal,October1998and1999.
Benefits of Solar Electricity
Benefits of Solar ElectricitySolar electricity saves money, adds value to homes, and reduces air pollution.
Quick TipA solar electric system can save tons in greenhouse gas emissions. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency estimates the average two-person home emits approximately 41,500 pounds of greenhouse gases during a year.
2
Solarcompaniesmakesolarpanelsbycombining many solar cells together. Severalsolarpanelscombinedmakea solar array. When solar panels are strung together in series and combined withothercomponents,theybecomea solar electric system or solar array. A solar electric system can meet part or allofahome’selectricityneeds,offset-ting25%to50%ofmosthomeowners’power with solar electricity.
Types of Solar PanelsTherearetwoconventionaltypesofsolar panels: crystalline silicon and thin film.Themostcommonsolarcellma-terialiscrystallinesilicon,butnewermaterialsformakingsolarcellsincludethin-filmmaterialssuchasamorphous
This solar home in Davis, California, uses EnergyTiles® made by BP Solar.
Solar Electricity Basics
Solar Electricity BasicsSolar electric panels capture light from the sun and convert it to clean power.
Solarelectricityisproducedbychangingsunlight to power using the photovoltaic (PV)effect.ThePVeffectcausesanelectricalcurrenttoflowthroughaso-larcellwhenexposedtosunlight.So-larcellspowereverythingfromcalcula-torsandremotehighwaysignstohomes,commercialbuildings,andlargepowerplants.Solarcellspowerallsatellitesinspace,makingthemresponsiblefortheworld’scommunicationsproducts.
Quick TipA south-facing roof is most effective, but a roof over a carport, garage, or porch that receives no shading from other buildings or trees will work well.
3
Solar Electricity Basics
siliconandcadmiumtelluride.Morerecently,solarcompanieshavebeguntouseplasticandaluminumfoiltoproducesolarelectricity,butitmaybeseveralyearsbe-forethesenewproductsbecomeavailabletoconsumers.
Silicon Solar Panels
Theserigidpanelscomeintwotypes:crystalline(madefromasinglelargecrystal)andpolycrystalline(madefromblocksofsiliconthatcontainmanysmallcrystals).Siliconsolarpanelsarethemostefficientonthemarket,butalsothemostexpen-sive.Theyarealsothebest-performingpanelsinlow-lightconditions.Althoughpoly-crystallinesolarcellsareslightlylessefficientthanthesingle-crystaltype,siliconsolarpanelefficienciesaverageabout33%.
Thin-Film Solar Panels
Theseflexiblesolarpanelsaremadebyspreadingsiliconandothersolar-produc-ingmaterialsinaverythinlayer(aboutthethicknessofahumanhair)directlyontoalargeplatethatisusuallymadeofglassorceramics.Lessefficientthansiliconsolarpanels,thin-filmsolarpanelsarealsolessexpensivetoproduce.Thethinmaterialofthese solar panels makes them ideal as building-integrated solar products such as solarshinglesandtiles.Themostsuccessfulthin-filmmaterialsareamorphoussili-con,cadmiumtelluride,andcopperindiumdiselenide.Efficienciesrangefrom10%to19%.
Future Solar Panels
Newsolarmaterialsthatareemergingincludelightweightfoil-basedpanels,plas-ticcollectors,andhybridsolarelectric/solarwaterheatingcollectors.Thenewhy-bridsystemscapturehotairfromthesolarelectricpanelsanduseittoheatwater.Exceptforthehybridsystems,mostofthenewmaterialsarenotavailabletohome-owners.
Types of Solar Electric SystemsAsolarelectricsystemistypicallymadeupofsolarpanels,aninverter,abattery,achargecontroller,wiring,andsupportstructure.Thethreemostcommontypesofsolarelectricsystemsaregrid-connected,grid-connectedwithbatterybackup,andoff-grid(stand-alone).Eachhasdistinctapplicationsandcomponents.
Grid-Connected
Inthissystem,thesolarpanelsareconnectedtoyourlocalutilityelectricalgridtocomplementyournormalpowersupplyfromyourutilitycompany.Grid-connectedsystemsconsistof:
•Solarpanelsmountedontheroof•Aninvertertoconvertelectricityproducedbythesystemfromdirectcurrent(DC)energyintoalternatingcurrent(AC)energy
•Ajunctionboxthatconnectsthesolarpanelwiringtothebreakerpanelonthehome•Apowermeterthatdisplayshowmuchpowerthehomeproducesanduses•Adisconnectswitchthat,forsafetyreasons,preventsthesystemfromsending
power to the grid during power outages (this is called islanding).
AC Main Panel and MeterAC Disconnect (Utility Accessible)
InverterDC Disconnect
Junction Box
Solar Array
Grid-Connected System
4
Solar Electricity Basics
Grid-Connected with Battery Backup
Verysimilartothegrid-connectedsystem,thissystemaddsa“batterybank”tocol-lectthepowergeneratedfromthesolarpanels.Powerstoredinthebatteriescanbeused during power outages. The battery bank collects power produced by the so-larpanels,sendsittothebreakerbox,andthenintothehousepowersystem.Thecomponentsofthistypeofsystemconsistof:
•Solarpanelsmountedontheroof•AninvertertoconvertsolarelectricityfromDCenergyintoACenergy•Abatterybankforpowerstorage•Achargecontrollertopreventoverchargingthebattery•Ajunctionboxthatconnectsthesolarpanelwiringtothebreakerpanelonthehome•Apowermeterthatdisplaystheamountofpowerused,produced,andstoredin
the battery bank•Adisconnectswitchtopreventislandingduringpoweroutages.
Off-Grid or Stand-Alone
Off-gridsystemsarenottiedtoanyutilitypowerlinesandaremostcommoninre-moteareaswhereconnectingtotheutilitygridismoreexpensivethanpurchas-inganoff-gridsystem.Inoff-gridsystems,thesolarelectricsystemrepresentsthehome’smainsourceofpower.Batteriesstoreunusedsolarenergyforuseatnight.Generators,smallwindsystems,andotherbackupfuelsourcesaresometimesusedas backup power when the solar power stored in the batteries is not enough to meet householdneeds.Thesesystemsconsistofthefollowing:
Resources•U.S.DepartmentofEnergy–ConsumerGuide: http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/consumer/
•U.S.DepartmentofEnergy–PVBasics: www.eere.energy.gov/solar/pv_basics.html
•U.S.DepartmentofEnergy–PVforConsumers: www.eere.energy.gov/solar/pv_consumers.html
•SolarEnergyIndustriesAssociation: www.seia.org/cs/about_solar_energy
•CaliforniaCenterforSustainableEnergy: www.sdenergy.org
•FloridaSolarEnergyCenter(FSEC)–SolarElectricityBasics: www.fsec.ucf.edu
•NationalRenewableEnergyLaboratory–LearningAboutRenewableEnergy: www.nrel.gov/learning/
5
•Solarpanelsmountedontheroof•AninvertertoconvertelectricityproducedbythesystemfromDCintoACenergy•Arectifier(sometimesusedtochangeACtoDCandbackagaintogetthemostuseoutofasystem)
•Achargecontrollertopreventoverchargingthebattery•Ajunctionboxthatconnectsthesolarpanelwiringtothebreakerpanelonthehome•Ajunctionboxforbackuppowersupplyfromagenerator•Apowermeterthatdisplaystheamountofpowerused,produced,andstoredin
the battery bank•Adisconnectswitchtopreventislandingduringpoweroutages.
Power Produced by a Solar Electric SystemSolarpanelsareassignedaratinginwattsbasedonthemaximumpowertheycanproduce under ideal sun and temperature conditions. You can use this rated out-puttoestimatethenumberofpanelsyou’llneedtomeetsomeorallofyourelectric-ityneeds.However,theexactamountofenergyproducedbyasolarelectricsystemalsodependsonrooforientationandtilt,aswellasotherfactorssuchasshading,dust,panelconversion,andwirelosses.
InsunnyclimatessuchasCalifornia,anaverage1-kilowattsystemwithoptimalori-entationandtiltwillproducebetween1,400and1,700kilowatthoursperyear.ManybuilderswhoinstallsolarelectricsystemsintheirCaliforniahousingdevelopmentsestimatethata2.4-kilowattsystemwilloffset40%to50%oftheelectricityneedsofanenergy-efficienthome.Thatnumbercouldbelowerorhigherdependingontheamountofsunlight(regardlessofclimate)yourhomereceiveseachyearandtheenergyefficiencyofyourhome.Manysolarvendorsnowsell2-to3-kilowattpack-agesystemsforhomesandcantellyouhowmuchenergywillbeoffsetbyasystemdependingonyourhome’senergyuse,rooforientation,andotherfactors.
Solar Electricity Basics
6
Producing electricity by changing the photonsinsunlighttocleanpower,so-lar electric panels work in all climates—eveninspace,whichisaverycoldcli-mate.Forsolarelectricity,theamountofsunlightyourhomereceivesismuch
more important than the temperature. Manystates,suchasColorado,receiveagreatdealofsunlightthroughouttheyear,despitethecoldertemperaturesinthewinterandspring.Infact,someven-dors claim solar panels actually work better in colder climates because they don’toverheat,whichcancauseperfor-mance issues.
When purchasing a solar electric sys-tem,therightchoicewilldependonhowmuchsunlightyourareareceives,yourbudget,howmuchconventionalpoweryouwanttooffsetwithsolarpower,howmuchroomyouhaveonyourrooforinyouryard,andwherethesolarpanelswill be mounted.
How To Choose a SystemYour home’s power requirements, roof type, and solar resource will determine system type and size.
A roof-integrated solar electric system on a home in San Jose, California.
How
To Choose a System
Quick TipQuickTip:Planningtorepairor
replace your roof? That’s the perfect
time to purchase a solar electric
system because you want your
roofing material to last as long as
your system—about 25 years.
7
How
To Choose a System
Roof RequirementsBeforepurchasingasolarelectricsystem,homeownersneedtodetermineavailableroofspaceandcondition.
Space and Orientation
NorthAmerica’ssunfollowsasouthernpath.Formaximumperformance,yoursolarelectricsystemneedsabout100squarefeetofunshadedsouth-facingrooforyardspaceforeverykilowattofelectricityproduced.Thin-filmsystemsmayrequire175squarefeetofspaceperkilowatt.Ifyourroofdoesnotfacesouth,youcanstilluseasolarelectricsystem,buttheperformancewillbeabout5%lesswithasoutheast-orsouthwest-facingsystem.Eastern,western,andnorthernexposuresarenotrec-ommendedforsolarelectricsystems.
Rooftiltisalsoimportanttocapturethepathofthesun,buttherequirementsvarywith location. Your solar vendor and installer should be able to calculate the proper tiltbasedonthesolarresourceforyourarea(theamountofsunlightyourareare-ceives).Whenasouth-facingroofisnotavailable,somepeopleinstallsolarelectricsystemsongarageroofsorusethemaswindowawningsandporchcoverings.
Solarpanelsareusuallyroofmounted,butifyouhaveashortageofroofspace,theycanbemountedonapoleorinyouryard.Solarpanelscanalsobeintegratedintoroofshinglesandtiles.Someevencomeas“peel-and-stick”laminatesformetalstanding-seamroofs.
Condition
Ifyourroofismorethan15yearsold,youmaywanttoconsiderreplacingitwhenyoupurchaseyoursolarelectricsystem.Mostsolarvendorsrecommendusingroof-ingmaterialthatwilllastaslongasthesystem,whichisabout25to30years.
North
Solar panel(module)
June 21
East
December 21
Sun’s Path During Summer and Winter
Makesuretheroofcanholdtheweightofthesystem,whichisestimatedat3to5poundspersquarefoot,dependingonthetypeoftechnologyusedandinstallationmethods.
Shading
Shadingapanelreducesitsperformancebecauseitblockssunlight.Themostcommonitemsthatshadesolarpanelsaretrees,chimneys,nearbybuildings,andelectricalcables,aswellasheatingandcoolingequipment.Alsocheckshadingfrompipes,skylights,andvents.Todeterminepossibleshadingproblems,consultasolarprofessionalwhousesasoftwareprogramthatcanestimatesiteshading.Somepeoplewillexamineaproposedlocationthroughoutthedayandyeartoseehowtheareashadingchanges.Forexample,shadinginanareacanchangefromsummertowinterbecausethesun’spathchanges.
Ground-Mounted Systems
Ifyoudon’thaveasouth-facingrooforenoughroofspace,consideraground-orpole-mountedsolarsystem,whichcanbeinstalledwiththesameorientationandtiltasaroof-mountedsystem.Ground-mountedsystemsaregreatforhomeswithlargeyards.Somesystemscomemountedonatrackerthatfollowsthesun’smovement.
Installation and MaintenanceBeforepurchasingasolarelectricsystem,homeownersneedtobeawareofissuesthataffectsysteminstallationandmaintenance.
WarrantiesandInsurance
Mostsolarelectricsystemscomewitha25-yearwarranty,butmaintenancemayberequiredtocomplywithamanufacturer’swarranty.Inverterwarrantiesareusually10years,andyoucanreasonablyexpecttohavetoreplacetheinverterduringthelifeofthesystem.Mosthomeownerinsurancepolicieswillcoverthesystems,butcheckwithyourinsuranceagenttobesure.Also,besuretoaskyourinsuranceagentifyouneedtobeawareofanyinstallationissuesthatcouldaffectcoveragefortheroof,suchasroofpenetrationsduringsysteminstallation.
Zoning and Permits
Localzoninglawsmayrestrictwhereyoucanplacecollectorsonyourhome.Checkwithyourcity,county,orhomeownerassociationtofindoutaboutanyrestrictions.Somestateshavesolaraccesslawsthatmayrequireahomeownerassociationtoapproveinstallation.Homeownerswillneedtoobtainanylocalpermitsrequiredbeforeinstallation.Typically,yourinstallerwillassistyouinobtainingpermitsandclearancefromthecity.
Maintenance
Propermaintenanceofyoursystemwillkeepitrunningsmoothly.Mostvendorsrec-ommendayearlymaintenancecheckbyyourinstaller,butyoushouldcarefullyre-view the maintenance instructions shown in the system manual with your system
8
How
To Choose a System
Resources• U.S.DepartmentofEnergy–MakingYourOwnCleanElectricity: www.eere.energy.gov/consumer/your_home/electricity/index.cfm/mytopic=10510
• U.S.DepartmentofEnergy–ConsideringaSmallSolarElectricSystem: www.eere.energy.gov/consumer/your_home/electricity/index.cfm/mytopic=10730
• FSEC–CertifiedPVModules: www.fsec.ucf.edu/en/industry/testing/PVmodules/pv_flashtest_list.htm
• FSEC–CertifiedSystems: www.fsec.ucf.edu/en/industry/testing/PVsystems/certified_systems/index.htm
• FindaSolarInstaller: www.find-solar.org
• NABCEP: www.nabcep.org
• EnergyCalculatorsandSoftware: www.eere.energy.gov/consumer/calculators/homes.html
9
provider.Systemswithelectricalcomponentsusuallyrequirereplacementpartsafter10years.Solarpanelsmayneedtobecleanedinclimateswithinfrequentrainfall.
Installation
Usingaprofessional,licensedcontractortoinstallyoursolarelectricsystemcanprevent problems with the system caused by improper installation and maintenance. Professionalinstallerscanalsohelpwithpaperworkfortaxcreditsandrebates.TheNorthAmericanBoardofCertifiedEnergyPractitioners(NABCEP)maintainsalistofcertifiedsysteminstallers.TheU.S.DepartmentofEnergysponsorsaWebsitecalledFind-Solar.orgthatprovidesalistoflocalcertifiedinstallersbyzipcodeandcompanyname.BotharelistedintheResourcessection.
Questionstoaskanysolarenergydealerandinstallerinclude:
•Whatexperienceandcertificationdoyouhave?•Howlonghaveyoubeeninbusiness?•Whatdoyouknowaboutzoning,electricalrequirements,andcodes?•AreyourinstallersNABCEPcertified?•Doyouhandlepaperworkforfederalandstateincentives?•Doyouoffermaintenanceservice?•Areyouamemberofanysolartradeorganization,suchastheSolarEnergyIndustriesAssociation?
•Whatwarrantiesdoyouoffer?•Whatpaymentoptionsdoyouoffer?•Doyouofferpackagedsystems?
How
To Choose a System
Purchasing ConsiderationsPurchasingasolarelectricsystemrepresentsaninvestmentwithmanybenefits.Be-sidesraisingthepropertyvalueofyourhome($20forevery$1inutilitybillsavings),asolar electric system provides savings on your monthly utility bill. As energy bills con-tinuetorise,andinsomestatesdouble,financingasolarelectricsystemcangivehomeownerssecurityinknowingtheirenergybillswillremainvirtuallythesameforyears—it’sthemonthlypaymentonthesystem.Mostsystemspayforthemselveswithin5yearsafterrebatesandtaxcredits,sohomeownersenjoyfreeenergyforyears to come.
ExampleSavingsandPropertyValueIncreaseforaSolarElectricSystem
Average monthly utility bill $100 per month
Estimated system size required 4 .48 kW
System cost (at $9 per watt national average) $40,320
Estimated system cost after tax credits and rebates (Colorado) $12,544
Estimated first year utility bill savings $518 to $988
Estimated increase in property value $10,360*
Estimated monthly payment on system (6 .5% Annual Percentage Rate, 30 years) $79
*Ifbasedonaverageannualutilitysavingsover25yearsof$869to$1,658,propertyvalueincreaseis$17,380.
10
Costs and Financial Incentives
A 1-kilowatt solar electric system was integrated into the roof of each of the 77 units in this housing development in San Diego, California.
Costs and Financial IncentivesMany financial incentives are available to homeowners to offset system cost.
Energy Efficiency Can Help
Beforepurchasingasolarelectricsystem,trysomeenergy-savingstrategiestohelploweryourelectricitybillstogetthemostoutofyourexistingsystem.TheU.S.De-partmentofEnergyprovidesanonlineconsumerguide,listedintheResourcessec-tion,thatincludesenergyefficiencyandcost-savingmeasuresforhomes.
Costs
Solarelectricsystemscostonaverage$8to$10perwattinstalled,butnewtechnol-ogies are bringing the costs down every year. Federal and state incentives give con-sumerstaxcreditsandrebatesforthepurchaseofasolarelectricsystemtoreducethecost.Somevendorsarenowsellingthesystemsat“after-rebate”pricesandcompletingallthepaperworkthemselves.Beforerebatesandtaxcredits,theaver-age2-kilowatt(2,000-watt)systemwillcostbetween$16,000and$20,000.However,thecostperwattusuallygoesdownasthesystemsizeincreases,soa5-kilowattsystemmaybeinstalledfor$35,000($7perwatt).Dependingonwhereyoulive,afterrebatesandtaxcredits,thecostfora5-kilowattsystemmaybereducedto$2.50perwattor$12,500.
FederalandStateIncentives
Thenumerousincentivesforbuyingasolarelectricsysteminclude:•Federaltaxcredit•Statetaxcredits•Utilityrebates•Propertytaxcreditsinsomestates.
InOctober2008,thefederaltaxcreditwasextendedforanother8years,nowallow-ingforataxcreditupto30%forresidentialandcommercialsolarinstallations.Taxcreditsandutilityrebatesvarybystate.ChecktheDatabaseofStateIncentivesforRenewableEnergy(DSIRE)foralistoftheseincentives.DSIREincludesinformationaboutwhichstateswon’tincreaseyourpropertytaxesforthepurchaseofasolarelectricsystem.Find-Solar.orghasacostcalculatorthatincludesfederalandstateincentivesforyourarea.BothorganizationsarelistedintheResourcessection.
NetMetering
Manystateshavenetmeteringlawsthatrequireutilitycompaniestogivehomeown-erscreditforexcesspowerproducedbytheirsolarelectricsystems.Thatmeansyourlocalutilitygivesyoucreditforeverykilowatt-hourofsolarpowernotconsumedbyyourhome,reducingyourelectricitybillbythesameamount.Yourmeteressen-tiallyspinsbackwardwhenexcesspowerisproduced.Generally,homeownersre-ceive credit at higher rates during the summer when their systems are producing the mostpowerandatlowerratesduringthewinterwhentheirsystemsaren’tproducingasmuchsolarenergy.Manystatesoffernetmetering,butNewJerseyandColoradoareratedamongthebestfornetmeteringpolicies.
11
Costs and Financial Incentives
FinancingIfyoucan’tpurchaseasystemoutright,considerfinancingthesystem.Severalresourcesareavailableforfinancingasolarelectricsystem,including:
•Homerefinance•Firstmortgages•Banks(manywillfinanceforlessthanprimerate)•Constructionloans•Homeequityloans•Solarvendors(somenowfinancethesystemsthemselves).
Mortgageloansandhomeequityloansofferseveraladvantages:longerterms,lowerinterestratesthanconventionalbankloans,andtax-deductibleinterest.Inaddition,addingasolarelectricsystemtoaloanatthesametimethatyoubuild,buy,orrefi-nancewillreducepaperworkandsimplifythepurchase.Otherbenefitstofinancingthecostofasolarelectricsystemincludealowmonthlypaymentonthesystemandlocked-inelectricitycostsforthenext25years.
Resources:• U.S.DepartmentofEnergy–EnergySavers: www.energysavers.gov/
• U.S.DepartmentofEnergy–TheEconomicsofaSmallSolarElectricSystem: www.eere.energy.gov/consumer/your_home/electricity/index.cfm/mytopic=10750
• U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency–FederalTaxCredits: www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=products.pr_tax_credits
• DSIRE: www.dsireusa.org/
• FindSolarCostEstimator: www.find-solar.org
• SolarEnergyIndustriesAssociation: www.seia.org/cs/the_investment_tax_credit_itc
12
Costs and Financial Incentives
For more information contact: EERE Information Center 1-877-EERE-INF (1-877-337-3463) www.eere.energy.gov
Prepared by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC
DOE/GO-102009-2656 • January 2009
Printed with a renewable-source ink on paper containing at least 50% wastepaper, including 10% postconsumer waste.