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Remote Sensing of Oceans & Atmospheres. Ozone Hole? Global Warming? El Nino? Separate the Issues and Use the Data!. presentation by: Corinne Egner W. Windsor-Plainsboro H.S. Plainsboro, NJ 08536 [email protected]. funded by see at NASA/Goddard. presented in cooperation with:. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Ozone Hole? Global Warming? El Nino? Separate the Issues and Use the Data!
presentation by:
Corinne Egner
W. Windsor-Plainsboro H.S.
Plainsboro, NJ 08536
Remote Sensing of Oceans & Atmospheres
funded by see at NASA/Goddard
http://see.gsfc.nasa.gov/edu/SEES/
presented in cooperation with:
a valuable source of information, images and data available on the web
Introduction
What is Remote Sensing?
Problems and Promise of remote sensing in the classroom
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
Atmospheric Processes(Ozone)
Ocean Processes
What is Remote Sensing?
Remote Sensing Is:– Inferring something about the nature and
properties of an object, surface, area, or phenomenon
– through the analysis of data/information– collected by a sensor– that is not in physical contact with the
object, surface, area, or phenomenon under investigation.
Why?? -- The Reasons to Teach RS
To assure the next generation has the tools to use current technology to study Earth’s environment.
Scientific literacy of the general public.
The PROMISE of Using Satellite Data in the Classroom
Spans Scientific Disciplines– Biology, Chemistry, Geology, Physics
Well-Suited for Inquiry-Based Learning Global or Regional Perspectives Long Historical Record (since late 1970’s) Recent and Real-Time Data
The REALITY of Using Satellite Data in the Classroom
Technical Complexity of Data Large Data Volumes Computer Hardware/Software Required Theoretical Background Needed Lack of Curriculum
The Final Analysis?
•Definitely do it! . . . . . but
•Go slowly!
•Try not to undertake too much at once!
•Collaborate and ask for help!
•Realize it’s a longterm learning process!
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
thanks to Microworld’s web site:
www.lbl.gov/MicroWorlds/ALSTool/EMSpec/EMSpec2.html
General Sources of Radiation
A
B
C
A- reflected radiation from surface
B- incident radiation (skylight)
C- radiance from the atmosphere
Atmospheric Windows
Development of the Ozone Hole
What is a Dobson unit?
Ozone Production
Ozone Production & Destruction
Ozone Hole in the 70’s and 90’s
Mathematical Analysis
Depletion of ozone in NH & SH
Different instruments to measure ozone
Ozone destruction is worse in SH
•Ocean Circulation–Sea Surface Temperature
–Sea Surface Topography and Sea Height Variability
•Ocean Productivity–Phytoplankton Pigment Concentration
•Sea Ice Processes–Sea Ice Concentration
Topics in Atmospheric/Oceanic Module
Sea Surface Temperature Measurements of Terrestrial Thermal Radiation
U.S. East CoastMay 21, 1999
The need for compositing images
Sea Surface Temperature Measurements of Terrestrial Thermal Radiation
U.S. East CoastMay 19-21, 1999
Sea Surface Temperature Measurements of Terrestrial Thermal Radiation
U.S. East Coast
Coriolis effect and Ekman transport
Generalized ocean currents
Ekman spiral
Sea Surface Temperature Measurements of Terrestrial Thermal Radiation
U.S. West Coast
Upwelling due to offshore transport
Polar Sea Ice Concentration Measurements of Terrestrial Microwave Radiation
September 1996
March 1996
Polar Sea Ice Concentration Measurements of Terrestrial Microwave Radiation
March 1996
September 1996
Sources of Radiation Arriving at Satellite from the Ocean Surface
Visible - Sunlight Reflected at the Surface
Visible - Sunlight Scattered Upward by Subsurface Plants & Particles
Infrared - Emitted (Terrestrial) Thermal Energy
Microwave– “Passive” Sensors Measure Emitted
(Terrestrial) Microwave Energy– “Active” Sensors Illuminate Terrain with Their
Own Signal, then Measure Returned Energy
Phytoplankton Concentration Measurements of Sunlight Scattered by Subsurface Plants
Global Biosphere Spring (March-May) 1998
Phytoplankton Concentration Measurements of Sunlight Scattered by Subsurface Plants
Global Biosphere Summer (June-August) 1998
Surface Roughness Measurements of Transmitted/Reflected Microwave Radiation
“Sea Empress” Oil Spill, Wales, United Kingdom, February 22, 1996
Surface Roughness Measurements of Transmitted/Reflected Microwave Radiation
Typhoon Violet, September 20, 1996
Surface Roughness Measurements of Transmitted/Reflected Microwave Radiation
Wind Speed&
Wave Height
El Nino
Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly December 8, 1997
El Nino
TOPEX/Poseidon Sea Surface
Height Anomaly December 10,
1997
La Nina
Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly February 27, 1999
La Nina
TOPEX/Poseidon Sea Surface
Height Anomaly February 27,
1999
see Image began with:
Ability to import some satellite data formats Macros:
– Multipaste/replace of geographic overlays– To calculate & find geog coordinates– To view/analyze data in projections
• (Goode, Polar, Hammer)
– Facilitates annotation and key– Perform temporal Z-plot analysis etc. – Compute statistics ignoring “no-data” pixels
see Image then added:
Ability to import satellite data
TOMS Stratospheric Ozone
AVHRR and NDVI
ISLSCP and UV data also, but no materials exist
Geographic overlays
NDVI measurement of “greenness” from the NOAA series satellite from October of 1988.
Monthly averaged TOMS Ozone data from October, 1992
MultiPaste/Replace
•Use a macro to apply an overlay to a stack. •No paste control window is needed.•Often relevant in geographic data with time series.
Calculate X/Y image coordinates.
Interactively display the lat/long in the info window. (Only works for global images.)
Ability to project global images
Hammer-Aitoff over -100 longSouth Polar Orthographic
Goode
TOMS ozone imageswithout overlays
Oct. 3, 1979
Facilitates making annotation & key w/ MakeMap macro
,
to see NDVI values indicating how vegetation changes
Arizona
Month of 1987
ND
VI
valu
eApplachians
Month of 1987
ND
VI
valu
e
QuickTime™ and aGraphics decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Perform temporal Z-plot analysis with a stack
Where to Get the Images Phytoplankton Concentration
– SeaWIFS Homepage: http://seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/
SEAWIFS.html
– Ocean Color Homepage: http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/
Sea Surface Temperature– JHU AVHRR Homepage:
http://fermi.jhu.apl.edu/avhrr
– SeaSpace Homepage:http://www.seaspace.com
Where to Get the Images
Imaging Radar– Shuttle Imaging Radar Homepage:
http://southport.jpl.nasa.gov/
– RADARSAT Images:http://www.ccrs.nrcan.gc.ca/
http://radarsat.space.gc.ca/welcome.html
Scatterometer Winds– NASA JPL Winds Homepage
http://winds.jpl.nasa.gov/index.html
Where to Get the Images
Sea Surface Topography– TOPEX/Poseidon Homepage:
http://topex-www.jpl.nasa.gov/
El Nino– Topex/Poseidon El Nino Homepage
http://topex-www.jpl.nasa.gov/elnino/elnino.html
– SST Anomaly Charthttp://psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov:8080/
PSB/EPS/SST/climo.html
Studying the Earth’s Environment from Space
NASA/CGA/ODU Collaborative Project Classroom Materials Lab Materials
– Display Software– Satellite Data & Exercises
Topic List:– Ozone (NASA)
– Land Vegetation (NASA)
– Ocean Processes (CGA/ODU)
– Sea Ice Concentration (CGA/ODU)
Materials available at: http://see.gsfc.nasa.gov/edu/SEES/
Studying the Earth’s Environment from Space
Topics/Units Include:
Land Vegetation (AVHRR data)
Stratospheric Ozone (TOMS data)
Polar Processes
Sea Surface Temperatures