P100 Strategies for success Lecture 3 Chapter 9 Researching & Writing

P100Strategies for success

Lecture 3Chapter 9

Researching & Writing

Don’t forget your English class!

Why do we have to write a research paper?

• Sharpens to thinking skills• Sharpens you practical communication skills• To improve as a writer• To learn something!• To prove you can read and write English• To see if you can follow directions • To see if you can complete a long range

assignment on time

Know your audience!

• Who is going to read the paper?

• Write for the reader!

Who is your “audience” of this research paper?

A. Your self B. Other students in the classC. Other students at Porterville CollegeD. English instructorsE. Mrs. Keele

Writing Purpose

• What is the point or reason for the paper?– Inform?– Persuade?– Entertain?

“If you follow your instructor's advice and suggestions, success is almost

guaranteed because your instructor is

your reader!”

What is the general purpose of this research paper?

A. InformB. PersuadeC. EntertainD. To bore the teacher to death!

Consider the importance of the assignment

• Time spent of paper = value of project

–25 points–100 points + class grade!

Research Paper Topic

• What area of nursing are you interested in working in? – That is your topic.– Job description

• Setting• Patient population• Typical tasks

– Educational requirements– Salary– Challenges and Rewards

Research Paper Guidelines

• Cover Page– Student’s name– Title– Course title– Faculty name– Date– ***This is the only place I want to see your name!– No fancy covers!– Staple

• 5 points

Research Paper Guidelines 2

Research Paper Guidelines

This is an only an example of how to write a research paper. This example is in A.P.A. format, but any format that is professional may be used. However, the format used must be consistent! Begin the paper with the title on the top of the page and centered. It should be the same type size as the text. Every page should have a running header. This is located at the top right of the paper. The title of the paper (the first 3 words) and the page number should be included in the running header (Keele, 2009). Do not include your name anywhere in the body of the paper; it should only appear on the cover page.

Research Paper Guidelines - summarize

• Only an example • Any professional format • Be consistent! • Title same font size as the text• Running header• No name (only on the cover page)

Introduction

• The first paragraph of the paper is the introduction. In the introduction the paper informs the reader what the topic is. The introduction of this paper should briefly describe the area or specialty of nursing that you are researching (Mann, 2008).

Introduction

• Tell the reader what you are going to write about in the paper and what they can expect to learn by reading your paper. Remember that the paper is to typed using a standard professional 12-point font such as Times Roman or Courier. The paper should be double spaced. The margins on the paper should be one inch on the top, bottom and sides. The beginning of each paragraph should be indented five to seven spaces or about one-half inch (Henderson, 2007).

Summary

• Introduce topic: – Topic Sentence!

• Typed • 12-point font • Double spaced• 1 inch margins

TRUE / FALSE: You should not use the word “I” in a research paper.

A. TrueB. False

• Do not use the word “I” in your paper, it is very unprofessional. This is not an essay or a journal entry; it is a research paper. You should not include why you want to have this career when you grow up (Keele, 2009)!

I

Introduction Rubric

• Section Headings• Introduce the topic• Purpose of the paper is clear• Points to be covered are included and clean• Does not use the word “I”• 10 points

Job Description

The paper needs to include a job description for the area / specialty that you have chosen. This is an explanation of what the job entails, what are the roles a nurse in this field performs, what are their daily tasks. This section of the paper should be one of the longest sections. Notice the heading of this section, “Job Description”. It is centered in the middle of the page. The font for the section headings should be the same as the text (Mann, 2008).

• Make sure that you site your work. This means you need to site/ tell the reader, where you got the information you are writing about. At the end of a sentence, place in parentheses the name of the author and the date of where you found the information (Keele, 2009).

• In text citations are a must. In most cases there should be an in-text citation for every paragraph. You need to give credit to the sources that gave you the information for the paper. You must give a citation for everything included in your paper that you did not already know. If the paper is only filled with information that you already knew, it was not a research paper. This is a research paper not an essay. A lack of in-text citations will result in a score of zero and is considered a form of plagiarism. Remember you are turning this into “turnitin.com” – don’t plagiarize (Honesty, 2010)!

• One of the requirements of this research paper is that you interview a person who has or is currently working in the area / specialty that you are researching. You need to site them as well in your paper. You can either use in text citations at the end of the paragraph i.e. (Nancy Nurse, 2011) or introduce the person being interviewed in the paragraph like so; Nancy Nurse a floor nurse at Hospital on the Hill explained her job description as “very physical”.

• Included in the job description should be such things as the practice settings (i.e. acute hospital, stand alone clinics, or helicopter) and the patient population served. Examples of patient populations could include but are not limited to adults, children and elderly (Keele, 2009).

Educational Requirements

• Another section of the paper should contain information about the educational requirement of working in the area / specialty. Identify what level of nurses can perform work in the area (i.e. RN, LVN, Nurse practitioner etc.). Does the job require a bachelors degree or is an associate degree acceptable (Paine, 2006)? Please do not include pictures!

Salary

Another section is about the salary and financial benefits associated with the area / specialty. Identify what the average salary is for the person working in the area; not just national averages, but local and state averages as well. Do not just list the salaries, but make analysis and compare those salaries to other areas of nursing (Henderson, 2008).

• If you quote a source (meaning you write exacting what is written somewhere else) you must put it in “quotation marks” and then site the work at the end of the sentence (Keele, 2009). You should not quote anything more than 40 words. Ideally there should be very few quotes used in this paper. The goal is for you to read about the area / specialty and then write what you have learned in your own words. Chapter nine of your text book, Keys to Nursing Success by Janet R. Katz (2009), does a very good job of explaining how to paraphrase quotations in your own words.

Challenges & Rewards

Another section of the paper should include the challenges of working in the area / specialty. What makes this job hard? What is unappealing about this area? Why do nurses not stay in this area? Then address the rewards of working in this area. Why did nurses go into this area and what makes them stay? Do not just address the financial rewards! Be specific (Keele, 2009)

Body of Paper Rubric

• Body– Section headings– Job description– Practice setting– Patient population– Educational requirements– Salary– Challenges and Rewards– Topic is fully covered

Conclusion

The last paragraph of your paper should be your conclusion. The conclusion is a summary of the paper. The total paper not including the title page and the bibliography should be between three and five pages. It must be a minimum of three full pages long.

• Please do not put any fancy covers on your research paper – I will just rip them off, throw them away and then mark you down for not following instructions! Please put your name only on the cover page – do not include it in the footnotes or headers. Even though you are writing about a career that you are interested in, you must not include your name in the paper. Your paper should be single sided, not double sided like this paper is (Keele, 2009).

Conclusion Rubric

• Conclusion– Section heading– Summarizes each main point

• Job description• Educational requirement• Salary• Challenges & Rewards

Bibliography

• The final page should be your bibliography. This page is to be separate from the main body of the paper. In other words, the bibliography should be on a page all by its self. The bibliography is a list of all of the sources you used to write your paper. Every entry in your bibliography should be sited somewhere in your paper. You should have at least three references sited in your bibliography. The bibliography should be in alphabetical order.

• Any internet sites used should include the URL.–Do not use:

• Wikipedia–Do use:

• Sound & reliable internet sites

Electronic Sources / Basic Format (Internet sites):

Henderson, B.L. (2007, March 18). Writing an awesome paper for P100. Retrieved November 20,2000, from http://henderson.writinganawesomepaper.html

http://henderson.writinganawesomepaper.html/

http://henderson.writinganawesomepaper.html/

Electronic version of newspaper article

Honesty, U.R. (2010, February 16). Plagiarism and flunking out. Porterville Times. Retrieved November 21,2011; from http://www.portervilletimes.com

http://www.portervilletimes.com/

Book

Keele, Elizabeth (2009). How to write a research paper. California: Basic Books Press.

Journal references, magazines, etc.

Mann, E. (2008). The Art of Research. Magazine for great Students, 14, 253-263.

Interview

Nurse, Nancy. (2011, Feb 14). Telephone interview. (559) 555-1212

Please provide me with contact information for the person you interviewed.

Bibliography Rubric

• Bibliography– 3 or more references cited– References listed alphabetically– Internet sources include URL’s– Bibliography page is titled – At least one interview– Separate page for the bibliography– APA format

• 20 Points

Mechanics Rubric

• Mechanics– 1200 – 1800 words in length– Proper grammar– Narrative style– Double spaced & 12-point font– No extra spaces– Student name not found in body of paper

• 20 Points

Timeliness Rubric

• Hard copy turned into Mrs. Keele on time and turnitin.com on time – 0 extra points

• Hard copy turned into Mrs. Keele but not turned in to turnitin.com on time -20 points

• Hard copy turned in late or not submitted to turnitin.com within one week of due date -100 points

Where should your name appear in your research paper?

A. Only on the title pageB. On the title page and in the running

headerC. Only in the running headerD. At the end of the paper

How many pages long does my paper need to be?

A. At least 500 – 1000 words B. At least 750 – 1000 wordsC. At least 2000 – 3000 words D. At least 1200 – 1800 words

Do the 1200 – 1800 words include the bibliography?

A. YesB. No

TRUE / FALSE: Every source in the bibliography must be cited somewhere in the paper.

A. TrueB. False

How many sources must you use in this paper?

A. At least 2B. At least 3C. At least 4D. At least 5E. At least 6

Does my paper have to have section heading to get full credit?

A.YesB. No

How do I do the research?

• Start with a Road Map

What is in the library

• Circulation Desk• Reference area• Book area• Periodical area• Audiovisual materials • Computer areas

Learn how to conduct an information searchInternet search strategy

• What do you want to locate?

I want to be Mrs. Keele when I grow up to be a

Real Nurse!

• Search Engine:– Google / Yahoo / etc. – “I want to teach in a nursing school”

• 136,000,000 hits– Use “key words” or correct “lingo”

• Nurse educator– 26,000,000 hits

• “nurse educator”– 691,000 hits

Conduction a Keyword search

• Field + nurse– Hospice nurse

• “Hospice nurse”– Anesthetics nurse

• “Nurse anesthetist”– Traveling nurse

• “Traveling Nurse”– Pediatric nurse

• “Pediatric Nurse”

Internet search strategy

• What do you want to locate?• Refine the search• Create a question

– What are the educational requirements to become a nurse educator?

• 48,000,000 hits

• Identifying the important words– Field + nurse + topic point

• “Hospice nurse” job description• “Hospice nurse” salary• “Hospice nurse” challenges

Internet search strategy

• What do you want to locate?– (Educational requirements for Nurse educator)

• Create a question– What are the educational requirements to become a nurse

educator?• Identifying the important words• Collection of words to use in your search

– Vary word order• Spell it right!• Evaluate the list of links too many narrow your search

General rules

• Quotes– “hospice nurse”

• Upper case / lower case– Nurse– nurse

• Word derivatives – Nurse– Nurses– Nursing

You’ve found a source that looks good, what now?

• Print / make a copy• “Source Packet”• Copy the bibliography info too!!

– Print with web address i.e. URL• Uniform Resource Locator (world wide web address)

– DATE submitted to web or print date– Author?

• Staple together• Write a code number on the top of each source

packet (i.e. #1, #2, #3, #4 etc.)

• Use analytical thinking to evaluate every source– Which source is of value?

• Ask questions about the source– Author?– Website’s name – reputable?– .edu = educational institution– .gov = government agencies

• Evaluate and verify the data

Don’t stop – keep going!

• Remember you need at least 3 sources for this research paper.

• Remember the topics you need to cover – Job description– Salary– Educational requirement– Challenges / rewards

I have my 6 different information source packets printed, what now?

• Glean the information.– Start with #1– Read for key information – Transfer information onto an index card

• Number card with code #• Write a subject • Note (in own words)• “Quote” – make sure you put quotation marks around

it!

#1 www.iteachnursingms.org/• Associate Degree in

Nursing (ADN)• Faculty must have a

master’s or higher degree with a major in nursing, and a minimum of one year of clinical experience as a registered nurse (IHL Accreditation Standards, 2004).

#1




#1Educational Requirements




#1Educational Requirements

Mississippi requires instructors to have a minimum of the following to teach in a A.D.N.•master’s in nursing •1 year experience in the clinical setting•Be a registered nurse

#5 http://education-portal.com/articles/Hospice_Nurse_Job_Description_and_Requirements_for_Becoming_a_Hospice_Nurse.html

• “Hospice Nurse: Job Description and Requirements for Becoming a Hospice Nurse

• “Hospice nurses are registered nurses (RNs) who provide care for critically ill patients. They work with patients, their families and other healthcare professionals during the final stages of life. An undergraduate degree and national licensing is necessary to become a nurse, while additional training and certification is recommended for this career field.”

How would you start your index card?

http://education-portal.com/articles/Hospice_Nurse_Job_Description_and_Requirements_for_Becoming_a_Hospice_Nurse.html


• “Hospice Nurse: Job Description and Requirements for Becoming a Hospice Nurse

• “Hospice nurses are registered nurses (RNs) who provide care for critically ill patients. They work with patients, their families and other healthcare professionals during the final stages of life. An undergraduate degree and national licensing is necessary to become a nurse, while additional training and certification is recommended for this career field.”

#5Job description



“Hospice nurses are registered nurses (RNs) who provide care for critically ill patients. They work with patients, their families and other healthcare professionals during the final stages of life. An undergraduate degree and national licensing is necessary to become a nurse, while additional training and certification is recommended for this career field.”

#5Job description

GLEAN!!!




#5Job description

Provide care for critically ill patients




#5Job description


plagiarism




#5Job description



Plagiarism

• “The act of using someone else’s exact words, figures, unique approach, or specific reasoning, without giving appropriate credit.” (Katz, 2009)

Quotes

• “A quotation repeats a sources exact words, which are set off from the rest of the text by quotation marks.” (Katz, 2009)

Paraphrase

• Restate the author using your own words. • Use the authors ideas to enhance your own work• Can’t just exchange or cut words!• Demonstrated that you understand the author’s

argument. • Use a different sentence structure (your voice)• HINT: Do a paragraph at a time!

– Read – cover – restate in your own words! – Explain it to your mother (or your kids)

• Citation• Even if you are only paraphrasing, you still

must use citations! • The words may be your own, but the idea is

barrowed. You must give credit to your source.



#5Job description

Have to be an RNGive end of life care.May require some more training (preferred)


#3 http://anirbanbhattacharya1.articlesbase.com/medical-tourism-articles/the-challenges-and-rewards-of-being-a-travel-nurse-842871.html

• “Free Accommodation• “When you work with a travel

nursing company, your accommodation needs will be taken care of at no additional charge to you. Most accommodations are near the work area, and are fully or partly furnished. What is more, you are provided a housing allowance should you decide to take your own accommodation or stay with friends.”

How would you start your index card?

http://anirbanbhattacharya1.articlesbase.com/medical-tourism-articles/the-challenges-and-rewards-of-being-a-travel-nurse-842871.html





#3Rewards / challenges







Glean!







Paid accommodationsHousing allowanceFlexibility to live where you want



Is this plagiarism?Original Text

• Critical care nurses function in a hierarchy of roles. In this open heart surgery unit, the nurse manager hires and fires the nursing personnel. The nurse manager does not directly care for patients but follows the progress of unusual or long-term patients. On each shift a nurse assumes the role of resource nurse. This person oversees the hour-by-hour functioning of the unit as a whole, such as considering expected admissions and discharges of patients, ascertaining that beds are available for patients in the operating room, and covering sick calls. (Chase, 1995, p. 156)

Student Paper

• Critical care nurses have a hierarchy of roles. The nurse manager hires and fires nurses. S/he does not directly care for patients but does follow unusual or long-term cases. On each shift a resource nurse attends to the functioning of the unit as a whole, such as making sure beds are available in the operating room.

Is this plagiarism? YesOriginal Text


Student Paper


Why

• No acknowledgement of the source

Is this still plagiarism? Original Text


Student Paper

• Critical care nurses have a hierarchy of roles. The nurse manager hires and fires nurses. S/he does not directly care for patients but does follow unusual or long-term cases. On each shift a resource nurse attends to the functioning of the unit as a whole, such as making sure beds are available in the operating room. (Chase, 1995, p. 156)

Is this still plagiarism? YES!!!Original Text


Student Paper


Why?

• Copies the author’s writing style

• The phrases in red are directly copied from the source or changed only slightly in form.

• Still plagiarized • No quotation marks.

Verbatim PlagiarismFrom time to time this submerged or latent theater in becomes almost overt. It is close to the surface in Hamlet’s pretense of madness, the “antic disposition” he puts on to protect himself and prevent his antagonists from plucking out the heart of his mystery. It is even closer to the surface when Hamlet enters his mother’s room and holds up, side by side, the pictures of the two kings, Old Hamlet and Claudius, and proceeds to describe for her the true nature of the choice she has made, presenting truth by means of a show. Similarly, when he leaps into the open grave at Ophelia’s funeral, ranting in high heroic terms, he is acting out for Laertes, and perhaps for himself as well, the folly of excessive, melodramatic expressions of grief.

Verbatim Plagiarism• Almost all of Shakespeare’s Hamlet can be understood

as a play about acting and the theater. For example, there is Hamlet’s pretense of madness, the “antic disposition” that he puts on to protect himself and prevent his antagonists from plucking out the heart of his mystery. When Hamlet enters his mother’s room, he holds up, side by side, the pictures of the two kings, Old Hamlet and Claudius, and proceeds to describe for her the true nature of the choice she has made, presenting truth by means of a show. Similarly, when he leaps into the open grave at Ophelia’s funeral, ranting in high heroic terms, he is acting out for Laertes, and perhaps for himself as well, the folly of excessive, melodramatic expressions of grief.

Lifting selected passages and phrases

• Almost all of Shakespeare’s Hamlet can be understood as a play about acting and the theater. For example, in Act 1, Hamlet adopts a pretense of madness that he uses to protect himself and prevent his antagonists from discovering his mission to revenge his father’s murder. He also presents truth by means of a show when he compares the portraits of Gertrude’s two husbands in order to describe for her the true nature of the choice she has made. And when he leaps in Ophelia’s open grave ranting in high heroic terms, Hamlet is acting out the folly of excessive, melodramatic expressions of grief.

Paraphrasing while maintaining the basic paragraph and sentence stucture• Almost all of Shakespeare’s Hamlet can be understood as

a play about acting and the theater. For example, in Act 1, Hamlet pretends to be insane in order to make sure his enemies do not discover his mission to revenge his father’s murder. The theme is even more obvious when Hamlet compares the pictures of his mother’s two husbands to show her what a bad choice she has made, using their images to reveal the truth. Also, when he jumps into Ophelia’s grave, hurling his challenge to Laertes, Hamlet demonstrates the foolishness of exaggerated expressions of emotion.

OK – I’ve now gleaned all of my source packets. What now?

• Put your index cards in order by topic

• Create an outline / thesis statement

• Read all cards used for first topic on outline

• Start writing! • At the end of using a card,

write a citation note as to where you got the information!

• Thesis statement – (Central Message!)– “Being a nurse educator

can be a rewarding yet challenging career choice.”

• Writing is easy. All you do is stare at a blank sheet of paper until drops of blood form on your forehead. --- Gene Fowler

Write the bibliography

• All sites used must be in bibliography

• All sites in bibliography must be used!

Write a title!

• You can be creative here, or just get the job done with a simple direct approach!

Proof Read

• Read your paper out loud slowly.– Read it backwards (one sentence at a time)

• Have someone else read the paper checking for grammar errors

• Recheck the requirement – did you meet them all?

• Start your work early enough so you can proof read!

Quotes

• Quotes in literature – OK• Quotes in a science paper - rarely

needed. – Don’t understand the information. – Lazy

eHow – How to write an research paper

1. Interesting2. Broad vs. narrow


2. Find your sources.


3. Reserve one index card for each source.


4. Take reading notes on index cards, writing down only the material that is most relevant to your project. Write the source number on each card.


5. Organize your index cards by topic and subtopic.


6. Use the cards as a basis for an outline


7. Write an introduction that grabs the reader and plots out the trajectory of your argument.


8. Write the body of the paper, following the structure you created in your outline. Be sure to cite sources.


9. Write the conclusion, reviewing how you've made your points.


10. Create a title


11. Read your paper at least twice


12.Proofread carefully

Eye halve a spelling chequer It came with my pea sea It plainly marques four my revue Miss steaks eye kin knot sea.

Eye strike a key and type a word And weight four it two say Weather eye am wrong oar write It shows me strait a weigh.

As soon as a mist ache is maid It nose bee fore two long And eye can put the error rite Its rare lea ever wrong.

Eye have run this poem threw it I am shore your pleased two no Its letter perfect awl the weigh My chequer tolled me sew.

1. Establish your topic2. Look for sources3. Read sources and take

notes4. Organize ideas5. Write first draft6. Use end note/footnotes7. Write bibliography8. Revise first draft9. Proofread final draft

Bibliography

• A,B, C order• Hanging indentation• &• Capitalize first word of title• Title italics

Bibliography - Book

• Author Last name, First initial. • (Date). • Title. • Publisher location: Publisher Name.

Bibliography - Journal

• Author Last name, First initial. • (Date: Year, Month day). • Title of article.• Journal / magazine title. • Vol. page - numbers.

Bibliography - Internet

• Author Last name, First initial. • (Date: year, month day) • Title. • Retrieved on _(date)_ from _(URL)_.

Interview

• Last name, First.• (Date of interview).• Telephone number or e-mail address.

Adopting and Advocating for the Special Needs Child: A guild for Parents and Professionals

• Authors: L. Anne Babb and Rita Laws

• Published: Westport Conn. Bergen & Garvey, 1997

Bibliography

• Author Last name, 1st initials., & second author. (publishing date). Title in italics. Location of printing: printer.

• Babb, L. A., & Laws, R. (1997). Adopting and advocating for the special needs child. Westport, CT: Bergin & Garvey.

In-text Citation

• 1 author– (Last name, date)

• 2 authors– (Last name & last name, date)

• 3+ authors – First time (Last name, Last name and last name,

date)– Subsequent (Last name & et al., date)

• (Babb & Laws, 1997)

http://www.psychiatry.org/mental-health

• Suicide • Addiction



• Bibliography• American Psychiatric Association. (2012).

Suicide. Retrieved January 30, 2013. http://www.psychiatry.org/mental-health

• In-text citation• (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2012)• (APA,2012)• (APA-suicide, 2012)





“Suicide is a major public health concern. Every year in the United States, more than 36,000 individuals die by suicide, hundreds of thousands attempt suicide, and millions of friends and loved ones are affected. Yet, suicide is preventable. Knowing the risk factors for suicide and who is at risk can help reduce the suicide rate.”

• Write a sentence using this information

• Include an in-text citation.



Examples…

• According to the American Psychiatric Association (2012) more than 36,000 people in the United States commit suicide each year.

• More and 36,000 people commit suicide each year and many more attempt it. (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2012)

http://journals.lww.com/ajnonline/pages/default.aspx

• Original Research: Perioperative Medication Withholding in Patients with Parkinson's Disease: A Retrospective Electronic Health Records Review

• Fagerlund, Kathleen; Anderson, Lisa Carney; Gurvich, Olga

• AJN, American Journal of Nursing. 113(1):26-35, January 2013.

• doi: 10.1097/01.NAJ.0000425744.76107.9f



Bibliography

• Fagerlund, K., Anderson, L. C. & Gurvich, O. (2013, January). Original research: Perioperative medication withholding in patients with Parkinson's disease: A retrospective electronic health records review. American journal of Nursing on line. Retrieved from http://journals.lww.com/ajnonline/pages/defau

lt.aspx doi:10.1097/01.NAJ.0000425744.76107.9f

In-text Citation

• 1st time– (Fagerlund, Anderson & Gurvick, 2013)

• Subsequent times– (Fagerlung et al. 2013)

Write a bibliography

• Authors:– Janet R Katz– Carol Carter– Joyce Bishop– Sarah Lyman Kravits

• Copyright 2009 by pearson education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, 07458.

Bibliography

• Katz, J.R., Carter, C. Bishop, J. & Krazitz, S.L. (2009) Keys to nursing success. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.

In-text citation

• 1st

–(Katz, Carter, Bishop & Kravitz. 2009)• Subsequent

–(Katz & et al. 2009)

When is the research paper due in this class?

A. April 3, 2013B. March 18, 2013C. August 4 2013D. April 10, 2013E. When even I get it turned in.

When can I turn in my research paper?

A. After April 3, 2013B. Two weeks before the paper is due.C. Any time before the paper is due.

Do I need to do in-text citation?

A. YesB. No

Reading Assignment

• Chapter 9 of the text book

Documents

P100 Strategies for success Lecture 3 Chapter 9 Researching & Writing