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Poster Session P2: Social and Behavioral Research - Social, Emotional and Cognitive Perspectives of Alzheimer's Disease $341
of literature on the importance of imitation in facilitating and maintaining people in the social world.
•2•-] E M O T I O N A L E X P E R I E N C E , FACIAL EXPRESSION, AND STA R T L E R E F L E X M O D U L A T I O N IN A L Z H E I M E R ' S DISEASE
Keith W. Burton, Alfred W. Kaszniak*, Marisa Menchola, Kateri McRae. University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. Contact e-mail: kburton @ u.arizona, edu
Background: Previous research has proven inconclusive regarding the effect of AD on emotion processing. Objective(s): This study was designed to assess conscious appraisal of emotional experience, facial expression, and emotion-modulated action tendencies across in AD and older adults (OA). Methods: 11 individuals with probable AD (mean age = 74.6) and 20 healthy older adults (OA; mean age = 67.5) participated. Self- report of emotional experience while viewing emotionally-salient images was obtained, action tendencies in the form of eye-blink startle reflex modulation and its resolution (300 ms and 3000 ms post-stimulus offset) were recorded, and facial expression of emotion was assessed utilizing EMG recordings of corrugator and zygomatic facial muscles. Results: Both groups demonstrated the predicted linear relationships in emotional valence ratings and quadratic relationships in arousal experience ratings. Corrngator EMG activity increased while viewing negative images for both groups, but zygomatic EMG activity increased while viewing positive images only for the OA group; the AD group's zygomatic EMG activity demonstrated a quadratic function with image valence. In the OA group, startle reflex patterns were in the predicted valenced direction (i.e., greatest for negative images) while viewing images and at 300 ms post-image removal, but this pattern dissipated by the 3000 ms probe-time. The expected pattern of startle reflexes was observed in the AD group during early image presentation, however a group difference was observed later in image viewing and with the resolution of the startle reflex, with the expected pattern dissipating by the 5 th s of image viewing for the AD group. Conclusions: These findings suggest an overall alteration in the physiologic correlates of emotion processing in AD, which may be accounted for by amygdaloid and inhibitory prefrontal cortex-amygdaloid connection dysfunction. Furthermore, the comparable ratings of emotional experience across groups suggest a dissociation between emotional experience, expression, and action tendencies in AD.
• R E S T R I C T I V E S O C I A L RELATIONS, PAINFUN P E R S O N A L LOSSES WITH A F F R O N T UNFITNESS, WIDE DEMOTIVATION AND PERCEPTIVE BLOCKADE DRIFT TO BRAIN FUNCTIONS D I S I N T E G R A T I O N ( A L Z H E I M E R )
Luis M. Sanchez* 1,2.1Health Sciences Faculty, Concepcion del Uruguay, Argentina; 2National University of Entre Rios, Concepcion del Uruguay, Argentina. Contact e-mail: [email protected]
Background: Social, psychological and personality factors had shown as risks for Alzheimer's disease. Results from several research centers found that reduced social relations, a conflict avoiding, submissive, difficulties to resolve personal losses, significant personal losses, pesimism, introversion and tendency to depression, among similar others, appear as associated fac- tors in the installation of the problem. Objective: to prove an hypothetic in- creased risk of midlife elationai/communicational low activities, followed by painful personal losses with positive affront unfitness, conclude in restrictive social activities and then a wide and persistent demotivation, auto perception blockade that produce reinforcement cancelling and brain functions disinte- gration. Subjects and method: Seven relational/communicational areas in midlife, personal losses and the capacity to resolve them were studied in 23 Alzheimer women and 18 men, in comparison with other 23 and 18 normal ageing and men in their midlife (pseudo twins), matched with those in schooling, age, marital status, familiy income, ethnicity and without familial antecedents of dementia, arteriosclerosis or depression. Interviews to the nearest family caregivers were applied, and direcfly to the pseudo twins,
under pre-validated protocols. Results: Affected persons showed a reduced dynamics of the midlife relationai/communicationai areas, a similar profiles of personal losses in comparison with normal ageing pseudo twins, a quite less capacity for a positive affront of their losses, and finally a very restric- tive social activities, and went through a wide and persisten demotivation and perception auto blockade, seen by others as depression-like state and cognitive disfunction. Conclusion: We abduce that these later strong psy- chosocial involution crisis, and specially the perception blockade, concluded unfolding the natural reinforcemente neural net mechanism, then producing a progressive brain function disintegration. This is the general basis of the pscycho social neurobiology theory of the aizheimerizatiun process.
• C O G N I T I V E F U N C T I O N AND S O C I A L I N V O L V E M E N T IN THE L O N G I T U D I N A L C O M P A R A T I V E STUDY OF ELDERLY A F R I C A N A M E R I C A N S AND YORUBA
Kathleen S. Hail* 1, Adesola O. Ogunniyi 2, Olusegnn Baiyewu 2, Christine Emsley 1 , Kathleen Lane I , Sujuan Gao 1 , Oye Gureje 2, Hugh C. Hendrie 1 . 1Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; 2University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. Contact e-mail: khall @ iupui, edu
Background: Engagement in social activities has been reported to protect against cognitive decline (1,2). Objective: To examine the relationship between cognitive decline and measures of social involvement in the longi- tudinal comparative epidemiological study of elderly African Americans in Indianapolis and Yoruba in Ibadan, Nigeria. Design: This is a prospective study design involving 2 cohorts of community-dwelling, elderly African Americans and Yoruba. Social involvement score derived from the baseline screening wave is compared to change in cognitive scores over a three- year period. Methods: The Community Screening Interview for Dementia ( c s r 'D" ) which assesses cognitive function also includes a series of ques- tions about social involvement. These questions were organized according to Bassuk et al. (3) as follows: presence of a spouse, visits with three or more relatives or friends per month, attendance at religious services once or more per month, group membership and regular social activities. Each of the above receives a score of 1 point, with a possible total of 5. An analysis of covariance model was used to examine the association between the social involvement score and cognitive decline. Results: Data on cognitive decline and social involvement was available for 723 subjects in Indianapolis and 812 in Ibadan. Average decline in cognitive score was 1.2 (4-2.8) in Indianapolis and 1.4 (4-2.8) in lbadan. For both sites, higher social involvement was significantly associated with less cognitive decline adjusting for age, sex, education and baseline cognitive score. Conclusion: For both Indianapolis and Ibadan, subjects with higher social involvement scores at baseline show less cognitive decline at three-year follow up. References: 1. Fratiglioni, L, Wang, H, Ericsson, K, et ai. Influence of social network on occurrence of dementia: a community-based longitudinal study. The Lancet 2000; 355:1315-1319. 2. Wang, HX, Karp, A, Winblad, B, et al. Late-life engagement in social and leisure activities is associated with a decreased risk of dementia: A longitudinal study from the Kung- sholmen Project. American Journal of Epidemiology 2002; 155:1081-1087. 3. Bassuk, SS, Glass, TA, and Berkman, LE Social disengagement and incident cognitive decline in community-dwelling elderly persons. Annals of Internal Medicine 1999; 131:165-173.
• S U P P O R T I N G C O M M U N I C A T I O N IN D E M E N T I A : T H E P O T E N T I A L OF H Y P E R M E D I A
Norman Alm .1 , Arlene J. Astell 2, Gary Gowans 3, Jim Campbell 3 , Richard Dye 1, Maggie Ellis ~. 1 University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; 2 University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom," 3Duncan of Jordanstone School of Art, Dundee, United Kingdom. Contact e-mail: [email protected]
Background: The ability of people with dementia to participate in social interactions is progressively undermined by the illness. This can often
