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Tehran, Developing the South
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1
Can Tehran work as a Global city?investigation in different scenarios which can make more economic integeration in the city and global scale
Sara Mehryar4120620
Complex Cities Graduation StudioMSc Urbanism; Faculty of Architecture;
TU DelftThesis Plan and Report of Thesis
Jan 2012
2
Can Tehran work as a Global city?investigation in different scenarios which can make more economic integera-
tion in the city and global scaleSara Mehryar
Mentors: Prof. Stephen Read, Azadeh Mashayekhi
Master in Urbanism- Thesis PlanJan 2012
3 Context of global network; history of conceptual developement of networks
Friedmann (1995) Map by auther Source: Wall. 2009
Beaverstock et al (1999) Map by Autor Source: Wall,2009
Taylor et al (2005) Map by Autor Source: Wall, 2009
Wall/v.d. Knaap (2008) Map by Autor Source: Wall, 2009
Carroll (2007) Map by Autor Source: Wall, 2009
Aldeson/Beckfield (2004) Map by Autor Source: Wall, 2009
1995: Friedmann derived an empirical ranking of ‘world cities’ based on indicators such as multinational headquar-ters, international finance and global transportation
1999: Beaverstock et al. introduced alpha, beta and gamma roster of world cities, which relates to Sassen’s work
2004; Alderson and Beckfield consider the global network not only among the powerful world cities, but also many incoming ones from less powerful cities.
2007: Carrollconsider the managerial structures of firms instead of the hareholding relations between them.
4 Context of global networks
118
Netscape, Cities and Global Corporate Networks
GIS map of top 100 global multinational headquarters and their subsidiary networks. Source: Wall/v.d. Knaap, 2009.
Figure 23
CHAPTER 4
5 Black Holes of MENA
Fig 25Black holes between the World citiesSource: Auther
Countries of Black Holes
7 Context of global networks, Islamic globalization
Fig (16)Important MENA citiesMap by Auther
Geographical distribution of reported sharia assets, GCC, 2009
Geographical distribution ofreported sharia assets, non-MENA
Geographical distribution of reported sharia assets, non-GCC MENA , 2009
Percentage of Global Islamic Fi-nanace provided by Iran in 2009
35.6%
8 Context of globalization; IFS
Fig 19 Islamic Financial GrowthHistorySource: The Banker, 2011
DJIA: Industrial AverageIt is an index that shows how 30 large, pub-licly owned companies based in the United States have traded during a standard trading session in the stock market
Fig 22 Total Shariah CompliantAssets by Country, 2011Source: The Banker, 2011
9 Connectivity
Fig 23Major intercity relations in the IFS city networkSource Bassen et al. 2007
Connectivity of 27 top ranked IFS cities. The strongest relation between iran-dubai and Iran-LondonThe first three top-ranked cities in the IFS city network in terms of total connectivity, site service statues and number of head offices are: Manama, Tehran and London.
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DU
Par
Fra
Ham
Arl
Mos
Vien
MadRom
Bak
TashBeij
KarDH
KW
MM
KL
Tok
Ams
JD
LN
DU
Par
Fra
Ham
Arl
Mos
Vien
MadRom
Bak
TashBeij
KarDH
KW
MM
KL
Tok
Ams
JD
LN
Fig 24Airline travel by IranianSource: Auther, data by Airline airport company
DUBAI
SHARJAH
LONDON
Air Travels by Iranian
13
18% of the country’s population44% of financial services48% of high ranking officials34% of clerical workers, etc.30% of the country’s employment in manufacturing industry24% of water, electricity, andgas consumptio29% of wholesale, retail, restaurants and hotels
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High land value centres
Historical Analysis; Land priceFig 46Frontal land prices on first thirty metres of Khiaban, 1959Map by AuthorSource: Bahrambeygui, 1959
Fig 47Frontal land prices on first twenty five metres of Khiaban, 1971Map by AuthorSource: Bahrambeygui, 1977
diameters show the amount of value for street frontage
shows how distribution of different ur-ban functions with various uses is affect-ed by land values and also land values are affected by distribution of high and low quality functions.
Comparison of these two maps shows the rapid growth of land value and high quality functions movement to the north
1971 shows two new centres of high land value which add a new commercial statues to Tehran.
23 Introduction, from decentralization to linear centrality
Fig (5)First Master plan of Tehran, 1966Source: Mashayekhi, 2009
24
The idea of eliminating bazaar and move it to the out of central area both previous plannings of the city.
«Shahestane Pahlavi»: proposal of a huge CBD in 554 hectar vacand lands of the north in first master plan of Tehran.
An idealistic modern and western kind of planning for future of metropolitan of Tehran.
Followed by another mega project of eco-park of tehran in the west of CBD
New CBD proposal
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Media Centre
Recreational commercial Centre
Creative Centre
Historical Commercial Centre
World Trade Centre
Historical Religious Centre
International scale nodes
Socio-cultural Centre
Fig (56)Seven international centres in Tehran mater planSource: Auther; data from master plan 2006
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International scale nodes
City scale nodes
Fig (57)Centralities outside of main core with sity scale functionSource: Auther; data from master plan 2007
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International scale nodes
City scale nodes
Neighbourhood scale nodesFig (58)40 centralities distributed in the city for neigbourhood scale functionSource: Auther, data from Master plan 2007
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media centre
promenade centre
social internationalcentre
world trade centre
historic religiouscentre
historic commercialcentre
shahre rey
Toghrol tower
cheshme alimilitary empty land
train station
industrialarea
Bazaar
Baghe melli Toopkhane
Baharestan
islamic culture and communicationorganisation
IRIB
internationalfair
36
Distribution of activities in the center
commercialindustryservicestransportation servicesgreenagriculture
41
[109]c h a p t e r 0 4
Land Price Analysis
Tehran, population density, 2006Source: Tehran Atlas
Tehran, Land Prices, 2006Source: Tehran Atlas
Density and land price, ParisSource: Bertaud, 2003
Density and Land Price, TehranSource: Bertaud, 2003
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Distribution of administration function
Distribution of commercial function
Destination of job trips in the city
Destination of shopping trips in the city
46 Next Steps ...
AgricultureIndustrialTownBuilding areasPublic buildingsLakeEntrance corridorstorage
47
AgricultureIndustrialTownBuilding areasPublic buildingsLakeEntrance corridorstorage
Exhibition centre
Renovation of South religious centre
48
AgricultureIndustrialTownBuilding areasPublic buildingsLakeEntrance corridorstorage
Exhibition centre
50
AgricultureIndustrialTownBuilding areasPublic buildingsLakeEntrance corridorstorage
Historic BazaarNational airport
International airportAgricultureIndustrialTownBuilding areasPublic buildingsLakeEntrance corridorstorage
58 Tending to Globalization
1920 1930 1939 1951 196019631962
1971 1980 1988 1997 20052008
2010
?
Spread of Anti-Imperialism
Ideology
Paradox of the People andthe Government
Networks of the citiesBranches of globalisation
Colonization, Americanization andWesternization
Tending to beingglobalized
Nationalization of oil industry
Economic crisis
White revolutionNew movement against the regime
Increase of oil priceRevolution and start of War
End of Iran-Iraq War Reform
Movement
Sanction Increase
Record of Oil price
New president with the idea of growing nuclear power
Bank Melli, 1934First bank in Iran
Tehran university, 1934
Hejab prohibition law, 1935
Tehran conference with Russia, 1943
Western and moderm plans which has never implemented
Shahestane Pahlavi CBD
Eco park, 1970
Oil Nationalization, 1951
White revolution, 196215 khordad movement, 1963
Capitulation, 1960
59
Conclusion
- Iran has geopolitical situation in the region- In IFS system Iran is one of the main powers and its connection to the world
economic institutions is one of the biggest.- Tehran is one of the earliest city which shifted from tradition to Modernity, its
peole, culture and even city planning have been always - toward being more modern and be related to the global network.
BUT
- Tehran has witnessed increasing sanctions during the recent years.- Its impermanent and changeable political situation make it hard to predict the future of the city, since many of previous planning -became inutile because of the
political and ideological changes.
Future spatial strategic planning of Tehran needs to be flexible enough to be able to survive itself even in worst situation.
60 Future Strategy; Different senarios
Different Scenario
- If Tehran is going to be closer with more sanction and limitations
- If the political situation of Tehran is going to be changed and the same as before it is going to use its high potentialities in getting more connected to global network
Conclusion: A gradually planning which prepare the ground for future big aims will be needed to be able to answer two different situations