Pacific Affairs Vol. 54, No. 1 Spring 1981

PAGE

Congress, the Lok Dal, and the Middle-Peasant Castes: An Analysis of the 1977 and 1980 Parliamentary Elections in Uttar Pradesh Paul R. Brass 5

Japanese Social Organization and the Mingei Movement Brian D. A. Moeran 42

Chinese Political Economy: Reversing the Polarity Brantly Womack 57

"Wounds" and "Exposure": Chinese Literature after the Gang of Four Richard King 82

Recent Developments in China's Population Planning: Notes and Comments Joan M. Maloney 100

Book Reviews (listed overleaf) 116

Pacific Affairs (USPS 767-380) is published quarterly by the University of British Columbia. Office of publication: William Byrd Press, 2901 Byrdhill Rd., Rich- mond, VA 23261, U.S.A. Second-class postage paid at Richmond, Virginia.

Copyright @ 1981, University of British Columbia.

BOOKS REVIEWED IN THIS ISSUE

HOMO FABER. Technology and Culture in India, China and the West from 1500 to the Present Day. By Claude Alphonso Alvares, with a Joseph Needham Foreword by Rajni Kothari. Gregory Blue

LAST QUARTER. The Next Twenty-five Years in Asia and the Pacific. By Malcolm Booker. Sheldon W. Sirnon

SSHA I PROBLEMY TIKHOGO OKEANA: MEZHDUNARODNO- POLITICHESKIE ASPEKTY (U.S.A. and Problems of the Pacific Ocean: International Political Aspects). Edited by V.P. Lukin, I.B. Bulai, and V.A. Kremeniuk. John J. Stephan

HAN AGRICULTURE. The Formation of Early Chinese Agrarian Econ- omy (206 B.C.-A.D. 220). By Cho-yun HS;, edited by Jack L. Dull. R a j de Crespigny 1

A MADMAN OF CH'U. The Chinese Myth of Loyalty and Dissent. By Laurence A. Schneider. Jan W. Walls 124

BIG BUSINESS IN CHINA. Sino-Foreign Rivalry in the Cigarette Industry, 1890-1930. By Sherman Cochran. W.E. Cheong 126

MAO ZEDONG AND THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF THE BORDER REGION. A Translation of Mao's Economic and Financial Problems. Edited by Andrew Watson. Brian L. Evans 128

MAO'S PEOPLE. Sixteen Portraits of Life in Revolutionary China. By B. Michael Frolic. Cordon White 129

REVOLUTION AND TRADITION IN TIENTSIN, 1949- 1952. By Kenneth G. Lieberthal. David S. G. Goodman 13 1

THE FADING OF THE MAOIST VISION. City and Country in China's Development. By Rhoads Murphey. David D. Buck 133

CHINA'S TRANSITION TO INDUSTRIALISM. Producer Goods and Economic Development in the Twentieth Century. By Thomas G. Rawski. Jan Ptybyla 134

QUANTITATIVE MEASURES OF CHINA'S ECONOMIC OUTPUT. Edited by Alexander Eckstein. Kang Chao 137

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND CHINA'S DRIVE FOR MODERNIZATION. By Richard P. Suttmeier. Shannon R. Brown 138

CHINESE FAMILY AND KINSHIP. By Hugh D.R. Baker. Elizabeth L. Johnson 139 MARRIAGE AND ADOPTION IN CHINA, 1845-1945. By Arthur P. Wolf

and Chieh-shan Huang. Elizabeth L. Johnson 139 MARXIST LITERARY THOUGHT AND CHINA. A Conceptual

Framework. By Paul Pickowicz. Margo S. Gewurtz 143 LU HSON AND HIS PREDECESSORS. By V.1. Semanov, translated and

edited by Charles I. Alber. TWO WRITERS ANDTHE CULTURAL REVOLUTION. Lao She and

Chen Jo-hsi, edited by George Kao. THE FUTURE OF TAIWAN: A DIFFERENCE OF OPINION. Edited by

Victor H. Li. TOKUTOMI SOHO, 1863-1957. A Journalist for Modern Japan. By

John D. Pierson. THE 1942 JAPANESE GENERAL ELECTION. Political Mobilization in

Wartime Japan. By Edward J. Drea. FROM BATAAN TO TOKYO. Diary of a Filipino Student in Wartime

Japan, 1943-1944. By Leocadio de Asis, edited by Grant K. Goodman.

INDUSTRY AND BUSINESS IN JAPAN. Edited by Kazuo Sato. JAPANESE RELIGION IN THE MODERN CENTURY. By Shigeyoshi

Murakami, translated by H. Byron Earhart. DOJO. Magic and Exorcism in Modern Japan. By Winston Davis.

Arif Dirlik 145

Richard King 146

J. Bruce Jacobs 148

Kyozo Sato 149

John H. Boyle 150

John H. Boyle 150 Kyoko Sheridan 152

Cyril Powles 153 Anson D. Shupe, Jr. 155

REALITY AND FICTION IN MODERN JAPANESE LITERATURE. By Noriko Mizuta Lippit.

THE MODERN JAPANESE PROSE POEM. An Anthology of Six Poets. Translated by Dennis Keene.

MANDARINS, GUNBOATS, AND POWER POLITICS. Owen Nickerson Denny and the International Rivalries in Korea. By Robert R. Swartout, Jr.

POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN KOREA. Democracy, Mobilization and Stability. Edited by Chong Lim Kim.

THE ORDEAL OF LOVE. C.F. Andrews and India. By Hugh Tinker. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU: A BIOGRAPHY. Volume Two: 1947-1956. By

Sarvepalli Gopal. TOWARDS TOTAL REVOLUTION. Volume 1: Search for an Ideology.

Volume 2: Politics in India. Volume 3: India and Her Problems. Volume 4: Total Revolution. By Jayaprakash Narayan, edited by Brahmanand.

CASTE. The Emergence of the South Asian Social System. By Morton Klass.

POLITICS IN PAKISTAN. The Nature and Direction of Change. By Khalid B. Sayeed.

NEPAL. Profile of a Himalayan Kingdom. By Leo E. Rose and John T . Scholz.

THE DEVELOPMENT EXPERIENCE OF NEPAL. By B.S. Bhooshan. THE MAKING OF MODERN SOUTH-EAST ASIA: VOLUME TWO. The

Western Impact: Economic and Social Change. By D.J.M. Tate. JAN COMPAGNIE IN WAR AND PEACE, 1602-1799. A Short History of

the Dutch East-India Company. By C.R. Boxer. SOUTHEAST ASIA UNDER JA-PANESE OCCUPATION. Edited by Alfred

W. McCoy. INDONESIA: AN ALTERNATIVE HISTORY. By Malcolm Caldwell and

Ernst Utrecht. SOCIAL ENGINEERING IN THE PHILIPPINES. The Aims, Execution, and

Impact of American Colonial Policy, 1900-1913. By Glenn Anthony May.

BURMESE POLITICS. The Dilemma of National Unity. By Josef Silverstein.

THE FALL OF SOUTH VIETNAM. Statements by Vietnamese Military and Civilian Leaders. By Stephen T. Hosmer, Konrad Kellen, and Brian M. Jenkins.

SURVEYS OF AUSTRALIAN ECONOMICS. Volume 2: Income Distribution and Poverty, Urban Economics, Economics of Education, Radical Economics, Australian Economics, 1968-78. Edited by F.H. Gruen.

THE CONDITION OF THE PEOPLE. Social Welfare in Australia, 1900- 1975. By Ronald Mendelsohn.

MIHAIA. The Prophet Rua Kenana and His Community at Maunga- pohatu. By Judith Binney, Gillian Chaplin, and Craig Wallace.

THE NEW ZEALAND POLITICAL SYSTEM. Politics in a Small Society. BY Stephen Levine.

Ted Goossen

Lean Zolbrod

Hilary Conray

Gauan McCownack Edward C. Moulton

Philip M. Phibbs

Roderick Church

David Washbrook

Lawrence Ziring

B.S. Bhooshan Harvey S. Blustain

Nicholas Tailing

John E. Wills, Jr.

L.N.Shyu 177

M.C. Ricklefs 178

David Routledge 180

Edmund Leach 18 1

David G. Man 183

George E. Carter 185

George E. Carter 185

John Barker l87

R.S. Milne 189 A NEW GUINEA LANDSCAPE. Community, Space and Time in the

Eastern Highlands. By K.J. Pataki-Schweizer. William H. McKellin 190 JAPANESE AMERICANS. Changing Patterns of Ethnic Affiliation over

Three Generations. By Darrel Montero. K. Victor Ujimoto 191 SIKHS IN ENGLAND. The Development of a Migrant Community.

By Arthur Wesley Helweg. Norman Buchignani 193

BRIEFLY NOTED

THE FAR EAST AND AUSTRALASIA, 1979-80. A Survey and Directoi of Asia and the Pacific. Compiled by Europa Publications.

TALES OF JAPANESE JUSTICE. By Ihara Saikaku, translated by Thomas M. Kondo and Alfred H. Marks.

INDIAN FILM (Second Edition). By Erik Barnouw and S. Krishnaswamy.

BUREAUCRATIC SELF-PRESERVATION. Failure of Major Adminis- trative Reform Efforts in the Civil Service of Pakistan. By Mohammad Mohabbat Khan, Foreword by Gerald E. Caiden.

RHYTHMS OF A HIMALAYAN VILLAGE. By Hugh R. Downs. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTHEAST ASIA. The Chinese

Dimension. By Yuan-li Wu and Chun-hsi Wu. ASEAN REGIONAL FINANCIAL CO-OPERATION. Developments in

Banking and Finance. By Michael T. Skully.

7 R.S. Milne 194

CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS ISSUE

B.M. Young 195

A.J. Reynertson 195

Ahmed Shajqul Huque 196 George Woodcock 196

Ozay Mehmet 197

G.B. Hainsworth 198

PAUL R. BRASS, Professor of Political Science and South Asian Studies, Uni- versity of Washington, U.S.A. Author of Factional Politics in an Indian State: The Congress Party in Uttar Pradesh (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964); Radical Politics in South Asia (Cambridge, Massachusetts: M.I.T. Press, 1973); and Language, Religion, and Politics in North India (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1974).

BRIAN D.A. MOERAN, Research Officer of the School of Oriental and Afri- can Studies (London), doing fieldwork on "Pottery as an Art Form" in Ja- pan. As of October 1981, Lecturer in Asian Anthropology at the School of Oriental and African Studies. His Ph.D. thesis (SOAS) is to be published (1982?) by the University of California Press, and is provisionally entitled Paradise Lost: Social Aspects of Folk-craft Production, Marketing and Aesthetics in a Japanese Pottery Community.

BRANTLY WOMACK, Assistant Professor of Political Science and Political Economy, University of Texas at Dallas, U.S.A. Author of Foundations of Mao ZedongJs Political Thought, 191 7- 193.5 (University Press of Hawaii, forthcoming, 198 1).

RICHARD KING, Ph.D. candidate in modern Chinese literature University of British Columbia, Canada.

JOAN M. MALONEY, Professor of Far Eastern History, Salem State College, U.S.A. Co-author (with Peter S.H. Tang) of Communist China: The Domestic Scene, 1949-1967 (Seton Hall University, 1967).

Pacific Affairs Vol. 54, No. 2 Summer 1981

Analytical Errors of the Kampu- chean Communist Party W. E. WiZZmott 209

Islam and Political Mobilization in Kashmir, 193 1-34 Ian Copland 228

Islam Explained: Review Article Ruth T. McVey 260

Surviving the New International Economic Disorder Review Article Geoffiey B. Hainsworth 288

Growth and Modernization in Korea Review Article Paul W. Kuznets 302

The Crimes of the Gang of Four: A Chinese Artist's Version Notes and Comments Ralph Croizier 3 1 1

Book Reviews (listed overleaf) 323

Pacific Affairs (USPS 767-380) is published quarterly by the University of British Columbia. Office of Publication: William Byrd Press, 2901 Byrdhill Rd., Richmond, VA 23261, U.S.A. Second-class postage paid at Richmond, Virginia.

Copyright @ 1981, University of British Columbia.

LIST OF BOOKS REVIEWED

ASIAN SECURITY IN THE 1980s. Problems and Policies for a Time of Transition. Edited by Richard H. Solomon.

THE SECURITY OF KOREA. U.S. and Japanese Perspectives on the 1980s. Edited by Franklin B. Weinstein and Fuji Kamiya.

TOKYO AND WASHINGTON. Dilemmas of a Mature Alliance. By Frederick L. Shiels.

THE FAMILY IN ASIA. Edited by Man Singh Das and Panos D. Bardis.

PROVINCIAL MILITARISM AND THE CHINESE REPUBLIC. The Yunnan Army, 1905-25. By Donald S. Sutton.

MODERN CHINESE ECONOMIC HISTORY. Edited by Chi-ming Hou and Tzong-shian Yu.

JAMES G. ENDICOTT: REBEL OUT OF CHINA. By Stephen Endicott.

MAO: A BIOGRAPHY. By Ross Terrill. THE EMERGENCE OF MAOISM. Mao Tse-tung, Ch'en PO-ta, and

the Search for Chinese Theory, 1935-1945. By Raymond F. Wylie.

CONTINUINGTHE REVOLUTION. The Political Thought of Mao. By John Bryan Starr.

PEASANT CHINA IN TRANSITION. The Dynamics of Development Toward Socialism, 1949-1956. By Vivienne Shue.

CHINA'S HUNDRED WEEDS. A Study of the Anti-Rightist Campaign in China (1957-58). By Naranarayan Das.

LE PRINTEMPS DE PEKIN. Oppositions dkmocratiques en Chine, novembre 1978-mars 1980. Edited by Victor Sidane.

CRITIQUES OF CONFUCIUS IN CONTEMPORARY CHINA. By Kam Louie.

THE DYNAMICS OF FACTIONS AND CONSENSUS IN CHINESE POLITICS. A Model and Some Propositions. By Lucian W. Pye.

CHINESE EDUCATION IN TRANSITION. Prelude to the Cultural Revolution. By Julia Kwong.

ECONOMIC POLICIES AND PRICE STABILITY IN CHINA. By Tong- eng Wang.

CHINA'S QUEST FOR INDEPENDENCE. Policy Evolution in the 1970s. Edited by Thomas Fingar and the Stanford Journal of International Studies.

UNDERSTANDING FOREIGN POLICY DECISIONS. The Chinese Case. By Davis B. Bobrow, Steve Chan, and John A. Kringen.

AN INDEX TO EARLY CHINESE PAINTERS AND PAINTINGS. T'ang, Sung, and Yuan. Compiled by James Cahill.

THE WOOD-CARVERS OF HONG KONG. Craft Production in the World Capitalist Periphery. By Eugene Cooper.

THE COLLAPSE OF THE TOKUGAWA BAKUFU, 1862-1868. By Conrad Totman.

TANAKA GIICHI AND JAPAN'S CHINA POLICY. By William Fitch Morton.

SHINJO. The Chronicle of a Japanese Village. Translated by Keith Brown.

HUMAN RESOURCES IN JAPANESE INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT. By Solomon B. Levine and Hisashi Kawada.

EDUCATION AND EQUALITY IN JAPAN. By William K. Cummings.

'\

Ken Booth

Wolf Mend1

Ian Nish

Anthony Good

S.A. M. Adshead

C. B. Howe

Stephen R. MacKinnon Jacques Guillermaz

Arif Dirlik

Andrew G. Walder

Greg O'Leary

Peter Moody, Jr.

Rent Goldman

Raymond L. Whitehead

Frederick C. Teiwes

Jonathan Unger

W. Klatt

Victor C. Falkenheim

P. M. Evans

James 0. Caswell

Stewart Richards

Jean-Pierre Lehmann

Dennis B. Smith

Ronald Dore

Ronald Dare Ronald Dore

JAPAN. The Coming Economic Crisis. By Jon Woronoff. Frank Langdon 366 MAHATMA GANDHI. Volume 11: The Discovery of Satyagraha-

On the Threshold. By Pyarelal. Robert A. Huttenback 367 THE PLAY OF THE GODS. Locality, Ideology, Structure, and Time

in the Festivals of a Bengali Town. By Akos &or. E.A. Morinis 368 ARYAN AND NON-ARYAN IN INDIA. Edited by Madhav M.

Deshpande and Peter Edwin Hook. William C. McCormack 369 A HIMALAYAN TRIBE. From Cattle to Cash. By Christoph von

Furer-Haimendorf. Donald A. Messerschmidt 37 1 THE DEMOCRATIC PROCESS IN A DEVELOPING SOCIETY. By A.H.

Somiee. Robert L. Hardgraue, Jr. 372 THE POLITICS OF INTRUSION. The Super Powers and the Indian

Ocean. By Kim C. Beazley and Ian Clark. Preface by Henry S. Albinski.

NAVAL POWER IN THE INDIAN OCEAN. Threats, Bluffs and Fantasies. By Philip Towle.

STRATEGIC FACTORS IN INTERSTATE RELATIONS IN SOUTH ASIA. By Shelton Kodikara.

SOUTHEAST ASIA IN A CHANGING WORLD. Edited by Shigekazu Matsumoto.

THE FLOW OF LIFE. Essays on Eastern Indonesia. Edited by James J. Fox.

PROPERTY AND SOCIAL CONTINUITY. Continuity and Change in the Maintenance of Property Relationships through Time in Minangkabau, West Sumatra. By Franz von Benda-Beckmann.

TIRURAY SUBSISTENCE. From Shifting Cultivation to Plow Agriculture. By Stuart A. Schlegel.

BRITISH POLICY AND MALAY POLITICS DURING THE MALAYAN UNION EXPERIMENT, 1942-1948. By A.J. Stockwell.

ISSUES IN MALAYSIAN DEVELOPMENT. Edited by James C. Jackson and Martin Rudner.

BURMESE SIT-TANS, 1764-1826. Records of Rural Life and Administration. By Frank N. Trager and William J. Koenig, with the assistance of Yi Yi.

AUTOBIOGRAPHY. The Life of Prince-Patriarch Vajirafiina of Siam, 1860-1921. Translated, edited, and introduced by Craig J. Reynolds.

ENFER ROUGE, MON AMOUR. By Lucien Trong. DIPLOMATIC WITNESS. Australian Foreign Affairs, 1941-1947. By

Paul Hasluck. AUSTRALIAN DEMOCRACY IN CRISIS. A Radical Approach to

Australian Politics. By Andrew C. Theophanous. NEW ZEALAND ATTHE POLLS. The General Election of 1978.

Edited by Howard R. Penniman. LIGHTNING MEETS THE WEST WIND. The Malaita Massacre. By

Roger M. Keesing and Peter Corris. DEVELOPMENT AND DEPENDENCY. The Political Economy of

Papua New Guinea. By Azeem Amarshi, Kenneth Good, and Rex Mortimer.

SOUTHEAST ASIAN EXODUS: FROM TRADITION TO RESETTLEMENT. Understanding Refugees from Laos, Kampuchea and Vietnam in Canada.

WITHIN THE BARBED WIRE FENCE. A Japanese Man's Account of

Raju G.C. Thomas 374

Raju G.C. Thomas 374

Raju G.C. Thomas 374

H. E. English 376

Joanne C.J. Prindiuille 378

Michael G. Peletz 380

Donn V. Hart 382

Margaret Lindley Koch 384

Rodcilphe De Koninck 385

Victor B. Lieberman 387

Constance M. Wilson 388 David P. Chandler 390

Henry S. Albinski 390

Garth Steuenson 392

Colin A. Hughes 394

Eugene Ogan 395

D.G. Bettison 396

John S. Conway 398

His Internment in Canada. By ~ a k e i ~ j o Nakano, with Leatrice Nakano. With an Afterword by W. Peter Ward. Forrest E. La Violette 399

BRIEFLY NOTED

CAPITALISME NATIONAL ET IMPERIALISME. La Crise des Filatures Chinoises en 1923. By Marie-Claire Bergere. Louis Veilleux 400

CHINA BRIEFING, 1980. Edited by Robert B. Oxnam and Richard C. Bush. John l?Melby 401

THE JOURNEY TO THE WEST. Volume Three. Translated and edited by Anthony C. Yu. , Jan W. Walls 402

CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS ISSUE

W.E. WILLMOTT, Professor and Head of Sociology, University of Can- terbury, New Zealand. Editor of Economic Organization in Chinese Society (Stanford University Press, 1972).

IAN COPLAND, Senior Lecturer in History, Monash University, Australia. Author of The British Raj and the Indian Princes: Paramountcy in Western India, 1857-1930 (Orient-Longman, 198 1).

RUTH T. MCVEY, Reader in Politics, School of Oriental and African Studies (University of London), England. Author of The Rise of Indonesian Communism (Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1965); editor of Indonesia (New Haven, Connecticut: HRAF Press, 1964), and Southeast Asian Transitions (New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1978).

GEOFFREY B. HAINSWORTH, Associate Professor of Economics, University of British Columbia, Canada.

PAUL W. KUZNETS, Associate Professor of Economics, Indiana University- Bloomington, U.S.A. Author of Economic Growth and Structure in the Republic o f Korea (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1977).

RALPH CROIZIER, Professor of History, University of Victoria, Canada. Currently working on a study of the Cantonese School of early twentieth- century artists. Editor of China's Cultural Legacy and Communism (New York: Praeger, 1970).

Pacific Affairs Vol. 54, No. 3 Fall 1981

The Japanese Farm Lobby and Agricultural Policy-Making Aurelia D. George 409

Nepal: The Politics of Referendum Umi la Phadnis 43 1

Regionalism and International Politics of the South Pacific Gregory E. Fry 455

Worker Consciousness and Labour Unions in Colonial Java John Ingleson 485

The Politics of Poverty in Rural Asia: Review Article David C. Potter 502

Book Reviews (listed overleaf) 5 10

Pacific Affairs (USPS 767-380) is published quarterly by the University of British Columbia. Office of publication: William Byrd Press, 2901 Byrdhill Road, Richmond, VA 23261, U.S.A. Second-class postage paid at Richmond, Virginia. Postmaster: Send address change to the William Press, P.O. Box 27481, Richmond, VA 23261.

Copyright @ 1981, University of British Columbia.

BOOKS REVIEWED IN THIS ISSUE

THE CHINESE AND THE JAPANESE. Essays in Political and Cultural Interactions. Edited by Akira Iriye.

MEDICAL ETHICS IN IMPERIAL CHINA. A Study in Historical Anthropology. By Paul U. Unschuld.

REBELS AND REVOLUTIONARIES IN NORTH CHINA, 1845- 1945. By Elizabeth J. Perry.

POWER AND POLITICS IN LATE IMPERIAL CHINA. Yuan Shi-kai in Beijing and Tianjin, 1901-1908.

SUN YAT-SEN AND THE FRENCH, 1900-1908. By Jeffrey G. Barlow. BORODIN: STALIN'S MAN IN CHINA. By Dan N. Jacobs. MICHAEL BORODIN AND THE CHINESE REVOLUTION, 1923- 1925.

By Lydia Holubnychy. THE SHANGHAI CAPITALISTS AND THE NATIONALIST

GOVERNMENT, 1927-1937. By Parks M. Coble, Jr. BUILDING CHINA. Studies in Integrated Development. Edited by

John F. Jones. VEGETABLE FARMING SYSTEMS IN CHINA. Report of the Visit of

the Vegetable Farming Systems Delegation to China. Edited by Donald L. Plucknett and Halsey L. Beemer, Jr.

ECONOMIC MAN IN SHA TIN. Vegetable Gardeners in a Hong Kong Valley. By Goran Aijmer.

LOCAL POLITICS IN A RURAL CHINESE CULTURAL SETTING. A Field Study of Mazu Township, Taiwan. By J. B ~ c e Jacobs.

CATHOLIC POLITICS IN CHINA AND KOREA. By Eric 0. Hanson. CHINA'S GLOBAL ROLE. An Analysis of Peking's National Power

Capabilities in the Context of an Evolving International System. By John Franklin Copper.

UNEQUAL TREATY, 1898-1997. China, Great Britain and Hong Kong's New Territories. By Peter Wesley-Smith.

THE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT IN HONG KONG. Edited by David G. Lethbridge.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION FOR JAPANESE STUDIES, 1980. Volume Five, Part One: History and International Relations. Edited by John W.M. Chapman and Jean-Pierre Lehmann.

RURAL SOCIETY IN JAPAN. By Tadashi Fukutake. Translated by the staff of "The Japan Interpreter."

A HISTORY OF JAPANESE LITERATURE. The First Thousand Years. By Shuichi Kato. Translated by David Chibbett. Foreword by Ronald Dore.

OKAGAMI: THE GREAT MIRROR. Fujiwara Michinaga (966- 1027) and His Times. A Study and Translation by Helen Craig McCullough.

A TALE OF FLOWERING FORTUNES. Annals of Japanese Aris- tocratic Life in the Heian Period, Volumes I & 11. Translated, with an Introduction and Notes, by William H. and Helen Craig McCullough.

KOREA: A DECADE OF DEVELOPMENT. Edited by Chang Yunshik. SOUTH AND SOUTH-EAST ASIA, 1945-1979. Problems and Policies.

By B.N. Pandey. IQBAL, JINNAH, AND PAKISTAN. The Vision and the Reality:

Edited by C.M. Nairn. GANDHI VS JINNAH. The Debate Over the Partition of India. By

Alien Hayes Merriam. SEX AND DISEASE IN A MOUNTAIN COMMUNITY. By Paul

Hockings. WOMEN, ANDROGYNES, AND OTHER MYTHICAL BEASTS. By

Wendy Doniger O'Flaherty. WOMEN OF SOUTH ASIA. A Guide to Resources. By Carol Sakala.

Foreword by Maureen L.P. Patterson.

Wang Gungwu

Arthur Kleinman

Philip A. Kuhn

Jer-e Ch'en Ella S. Laffey'

David P. Barrett

David P. Barrett

Ralph W. Huenemann

Graham E. Johnson

Robert Ash 525

Robert Ash 525

David K. Jordan 526 Stephen Endicott 529

Samuel S. Kim 53 1

F. Gilbert Chan 533

Aluin Rabushka 535

Kyozo Sato 536

Bernard Bender 537

Toshihiko Kawasaki 538

John S. Brownlee 540

John S. Brownlee 540 Vincent S. R. Brand! 542

H.E. Wilson 544

Fritz Lehmann 545

T. Walter Wallbank 546

JudyF.Pugh 547

Joseph T. O'Connell 549

Meredith Borthwick 552

COUP THEORIES AND OFFICERS' MOTIVES. Sri Lanka in Comparative Perspective. By Donald L. Horowitz. S. Arasaratnam 553

THE DISINTEGRATING VILLAGE. Social Change in Rural Sri Lanka. Edited by Barrie M. Morrison, M.P. Moore, and M.U. Ishak Lebbe. Asoka Bandarage 556

PERCEPTIONS OF THE PAST IN SOUTHEAST ASIA. Edited by Anthony Reid and David Marr. John R. W. Smail 558

SOUTHEAST ASIAN AFFAIRS 1980. Edited by the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. Justus M. van der Kroef 560

THE SOCIAL EVOLUTION OF INDONESIA. The Asiatic Mode of Production and Its Legacy. By Fritjof Tichelman. Translated by Jean Sanders. Benedict R. O'G. Anderson 562

AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA. Edited by Gary E. Hansen.

MINANGKABAU SOCIAL FORMATIONS. Indonesian Peasants and the World-Economy. By Joel S. Kahn.

PURIFYING THE FAITH. The Muhammadijah Movement in Indonesian Islam. By James L. Peacock.

NEGARA. The Theatre State in Nineteenth-Century Bali. By Clifford Geertz.

ILONWT HEADHUNTING, 1883-1974. A Study in Society and History. By Renato Rosaldo.

KNOWLEDGE AND PASSION. Ilongot Notions of Self and Social Life. By Michelle Z. Rosaldo.

REPUTATIONS LIVE ON. An Early Malay Autobiography. By Amin Sweeney.

MALAY POLITICS IN MALAYSIA. A Study of the United Malays National Organisation and Party Islam. By N. John Funston.

THREE MALAY VILLAGES. A Sociology of Paddy Growers in West Malaysia. Edited by Masuo Kuchiba, Yoshihiro Tsubouchi, and Narifumi Maeda. Translated by Peter and Stephanie Hawkes.

PUBLIC POLICY AND POPULATION CHANGE IN SINGAPORE. Edited by Peter S.J. Chen and James T. Fawcett.

POPULATION CONTROL FOR ZERO GROWTH IN SINGAPORE. By Saw Swee-Hock.

WHEN GOVERNMENTS COLLIDE. Coercion and Diplomacy in the Vietnam Conflict, 1964-1968. By Wallace J. Thies.

THE KAMPUCHEA CONNECTION. By C.M. Gomes. CONVICTS AND EMPIRE. A Naval Question, 1776-181 1. By Alan

Frost. AUSTRALIA'S IMMIGRANTS, 1788-1978. By Geoffrey Sherington. AUSTRALIA IN PEACE AND WAR. External Relations, 1788- 1977.

By T.B. Millar. DOCUMENTS ON AUSTRALIAN FOREIGN POLICY, 1937-49.

Volume IV: July 1940-June 1941. Edited by W.J. Hudson and H.J.W. Stokes, assisted by M.E. Cook and H. Kenway.

RICH AND POOR IN NEW ZEALAND. A Critique of Class, Politics and Ideology. By David Bedggood.

SOCIAL POLICY AND THE WELFARE STATE IN NEW ZEALAND. By Brian Easton.

THE AUSTRALIAN WELFARE STATE. By M.A. Jones. SOJOURNERS AND SETTLERS. Chinese Migrants in Hawaii. By

Clarence E. Glick.

BRIEFLY NOTED

THE DIFFUSION OF MATERIAL CULTURE. Edited by H.H.E. Loofs-Wissowa.

THE SOCIOLOGY OF AN INDIAN HOSPITAL WARD. By Joanna Kirkpatrick.

WRAPPED INTHE WIND'S SHAWL. Refugees of Southeast Asia and the Western World. By Scott C.S. Stone and John E. McGowan.

R.H. Barms 564

R.H. Bames 566

A.H. Johns 567

Carole Farber 569

Helga E. Jacobson 572

Helga E. Jacobson 572

Wong Lin Ken 574

R.S. Milne 575

James Scott

Yue-man Yeung

YUK-man Yeung

David G. Man David P. Chandler

Robert Kubicek Robert Kubicek

A. W. Stargardt

Henry S. Albimki 591

John B. Condltffe 592

John B. Condlzffe 592 John B. Condltffe 592

Chuen-yan David Lai 595

Richard Shutter, Jr. 596

Marjorie R. Wood 597

John Conway 598

CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS ISSUE

AURELIA D. GEORGE, Research Fellow, Australia-Japan Research Centre, Australian National University. Co-editor (with Kym Anderson) of Aus- tralian Agriculture and Newly Industrialising Asia: Issues for Research (Canberra: Australian National University Press, 1980).

URMILA PHADNIS, Associate Professor, School of International Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, India. Author of Religion and Politics in Sri Lanka (New Delhi: Manohar Book Service/London: C. Hurst/Columbia, Missouri: South Asia Books, 1976); co-editor (with Indira Malini) of Women of the World: Illusion and Reality (New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House, 1978); co-author (with Ela Dutt Luithui) of Republic of the Maldives: Development Imperatives of a Small Island State (forthcoming).

GREGORY E. FRY, Tutor in Political Science, Australian National Univer- sity. Author of South Pacific Regionalism (Canberra: Australian National University Press, forthcoming).

JOHN INGLESON, Senior Lecturer in History, University of New South Wales, Australia. Author of Perhimpunan Indonesia and the Indonesian Nation- alist Movement, 1923-1928 (Melbourne: Monash University, Centre of Southeast Asian Studies, 1975); Expanding the Empire: James Brooke and the Sarawak Lobby, 1839-1868 (Perth: University of Western Australia, Centre of South and Southeast Asian Studies, 1979); and Road to Exile: The In- donesian Nationalist Movement, 1927-1934 (Singapore: Heinemann Educa- tional Books, 1979).

DAVID C. POTTER, Senior Lecturer in Government, The Open University, U.K. Author of Government in Rural India (London: G. Bell & Sons, 1964); Lords, Peasants and Politics (Milton Keynes: The Open University Press, 1974); and Society and the Social Sciences (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1981).

Pacific Affairs Vol. 54, No. 4 Winter 198 1-82

The Debate on Subjectivity in Postwar Japan: Foundations of Modernism as a Political Critique J . Victor Koschmann 609

Socialism Without Revolution: The Case of Contemporary China Arif Dirlik 632

Bumiputra and Pribumi: Economic Nationalism (Indiginism) in Sharon Siddique Malaysia and Indonesia Leo Suryadinata 662

Chinese Studies, Cross-Cultural Studies and Taiwan Review Article J. Bruce Jacobs 688

Book Reviews (listed overleaf) 699

Index to Volume 54-1981 767

Pacific Affairs (USPS 767-380) is published quarterly by the University of British Columbia. Office of publication: William Byrd Press, 2901 Byrdhill Road, Richmond, VA 23261, U.S.A. Second-class postage paid at Richmond, Virginia. Postmaster: Send address change to the William Byrd Press, P.O. Box 27481, Richmond, VA 23261.

Copyright 0 l98 1, University of British Columbia.

BOOKS REVIEWED IN THIS ISSUE ETHNICITY AND THE MILITARY IN ASIA. Edited by DeWitt C.

Ellinwood and Cynthia H. Enloe. POLITICAL CHANGE AND THE ECONOMIC FUTURE OF EAST ASIA.

Compiled and edited by Robert B. Hewett. RUSSMIA TIKHOOKEANSKAIA EPOPEIA ("Russian Pacific Ocean

Epic"). Edited by V.A. Divin, D.E. Cherevko, and G.N. Isaenko.

RUSSIA IN PACIFIC WATERS, 1715-1825. A Survey of the Origins of Russia's Naval Presence in the North and South Pacific. By Glynn Barratt.

INDIA-CHINA COMPARATIVE RESEARCH. Technology and Science for Development. Edited by Erik Baark and Jon Sigurdson.

MING AND QING HISTORICAL STUDIES IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA. Edited by Frederic Wakeman, Jr.

THE MILITARY DIMENSION OF THE CHINESE REVOLUTION. The New Army and Its Role in the Revolution of 1911. By Edmund S.K. Fung.

CHINA AT THE CROSSROADS. Nationalists and Communists, 1927-1949. Edited by F. Gilbert Chan.

UNWELCOME MUSE. Chinese Literature in Shanghai and Peking, 1937-1945. By Edward M. Gunn, Jr.

WHO'S WHO IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA. By Wolfgang Bartke.

THE POLITICS OF MARRIAGE IN CONTEMPORARY CHINA. By Elisabeth Croll.

THE INTERNATIONALENERGY RELATIONS OF CHINA. By Kim Woodward.

CHINA'S ISLAND FRONTIER. Studies in the Historical Geography of Taiwan. Edited by Ronald G. Knapp.

THE LAST COLONY: BUT WHOSE? A Study of the Labour Movement, Labour Market and Labour Relations in Hong Kong. By H.A. Turner.

SCHOOLDAYS IN IMPERIAL JAPAN. A Study in the Culture of a Student Elite. By Donald T. Roden.

JAPAN AND ITS WORLD. Two Centuries of Change. By Marius B. Tansen.

Harold Crouch 699

Ken Booth 700

John J . Stephan 702

John J . Stephun 702

William A. Blanpied 704

Edgar Wickberg 706

Diana Lary 707

Lucien Bianco 709

T.D. Huters 7 1 1

Frederick C. Teiwes 712

Margery Wolf 71 5

Jonathan P. Stem 71 6

G . William Skinner 718

James Riedel 720

R o d Dore 722

Michael W . Donnelly 724 JAPAN. Profile of a Postindustrial Power. By Ardath W. Burks. Michael W . ~ o n n e l b 724 TAPAN'S COMMISSION ON THE CONSTITUTION. The Final Renort. " Edited and translated by John M. Maki. SHINGU. A Japanese Fishing Community. By Arne Kalland. JAPANESE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT. A Short Introduction. By

Yoshihara Kunio. THE DEVELOPING ECONOMIES AND JAPAN. Lessons in Growth.

By Saburo Okita. MULTINATIONALISM, JAPANESE STYLE. The Political Economy

of Outward Dependency. By Terutoma Ozawa. NORTH INDIA BETWEEN EMPIRES. Awadh, the Mughals, and

the British, 1720-1801. By Richard B. Barnett. NATIONALISM AND COLONIALISM IN MODERN INDIA. By Bipan

Chandra. ESSAYS IN MODERN INDIAN HISTORY. Edited by B.R. Nanda. AGRARIAN CLASS CONFLICT. The Political Mobilization of

Agricultural Labourers in Kuttanad, South India. By Joseph Tharamangalam.

Malcolrn Smith 726 Harumi Befu 728

J.W.C. Tomlinson 730

Alan Rix 731

Donald W . K h n 732

P . Hardy 733

Dipesh Chakrabarty 735 Dipesh Chukrabarty 735

Robin Jeffrey 737

THE GAULLIST SYSTEM IN ASIA. The Constitution of Sri Lanka (1978). By A. Jeyaratnam Wilson.

RELIGIOUSNESS IN SRI LANKA. Edited by John Ross Carter. AID AND INFLUENCE. The Case of Bangladesh. Edited by Just

Faaland. KINSHIP IN BANGLADESH. By K.M. Ashraful Aziz. PAKISTAN. The Enigma of Political Development. By

Lawrence Ziring. RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN PAKISTAN. Edited by Richard A.

Stanford. CONTEMPORARY PAKISTAN. Politics, Economy, and Society.

Edited by Manzooruddin Ahmed. NEPAL IN CRISIS. Growth and Stagnation at the Periphery. By

Piers Blaikie, John Cameron, and David Seddon. OFFICIELE BESCHEIDEN BETREFFENDE DE NEDERLANDS-

Howard Wftggins Anthony Good

Robert S. Anderson Pauline Kolenda

William L. Richter

Lawrence Ziring

Lawrence Zinng

John T . Scholz

INDONESISCHE BETREKKINGEN, 1945-1950. Achtste Deel: 21 maart-20 mei 1947. Edited bv S.L. van der Wal. Paul W . van der Veur

REVOLT IN MINDANAO. The ~ i s e of Islam in Philippine Politics. By T.J.S. George.

CHINESE MERCHANT FAMILIES IN ILOILO. Commerce and Kin in a Central Philippine City. By John T. Omohundro.

BRITISH RULE IN MALAYA. The Malayan Civil Service and Its Predecessors, 1867-1942. By Robert Heussler.

LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA. By M.W. Norris.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF CAPITALISM IN COLONIAL INDOCHINA (1870-1940). By Martin J. Murray.

WHY VIET NAM? Prelude to America's Albatross. By Archimedes L.A. Patti.

THE LEADER. A Political Biography of Gough Whitlam. By James Walter.

AUSTRALIA IN WORLD AFFAIRS, 1971-1975. Edited by W.J. Hudson.

TAHITI NUI. Change and Survival in French Polynesia, 1767-1945. By Colin Newbury.

BRIEFLY NOTED

MONEY AND BANKING IN CONTEMPORARY JAPAN. The Theoretical Setting and Its Application. By Yoshio Suzuki. Translated by John G. Greenwood.

PARTICIPATORY DEVELOPMENT AND DEPENDENCE. The Case of Sri Lanka. By Godfrey Gunatilleke.

PERCEPTIONS, PAST AND PRESENT, OF A FUTURE FOR MELANESIA. By Richard Bedford.

Lela Gamer Noble

Edgar Wickberg

A.J. Stockwell'

Maruin L. Rogers

John F. Laffey

Gareth Porter

J.M. Lee

Henry S. Albinski

John Kirkpatrick

J . W.C. Tomlinson

Bam'e M. Morrison

John Barker

CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS ISSUE

J. VICTOR KOSCHMANN, Assistant Professor of History, Cornell Universi- ty, U.S.A. Editor of Authority and the Individual in Japan: Citizen Protest in Historical Perspective (Tokyo University Press, 1978); co-editor (with Tetsuo Najita) of Conflict in Modem Japanese History: The Neglected Tradition (Princeton University Press, forthcoming).

ARIF DIRLIK, Associate Professor of History, Duke University, U.S.A. (Visiting Associate Professor of History, University of British Colum- bia, 1980-81.) Author of Revolution and History: Origins of Marxist Historiography in China, 191 9-1 937 (University of California Press, 1978).

SHARON SIDDIQUE, Research Officer, Institute of Southeast Asian Stud- ies, Singapore. Her research interests are in the area of religious change in the Malay-speaking world of Southeast Asia.

LEO SURYADINATA, Senior Research Officer, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore. His recent publications include Pribumi Indonesians, the Chinese Minority and China (Kuala Lumpur: Heine- mann, 1978) and Peranakan Chinese Politics in Java, 191 7-1942 (Singa- pore University Press, revised ed., 1981).

J. BRUCE JACOBS, Senior Lecturer in Politics, La Trobe University, Australia. Author of Local Politics in a Rural Chinese Cultural Setting: A Field Study of Mazu Township, Taiwan (Canberra: Contemporary China Centre, Australian National University, 1980).