Pacific Manuscripts Bureau Newsletter Room 4201, Coombs Building (9)

College of Asia and the Pacific The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200 Australia

Ph: (612) 6125 2521; Fax: (612) 6125 0198; Email: pambu@anu.edu.au http://rspas.anu.edu.au/pambu/

Series 5, No. 28 August 2010

Pambu News p.1 New National Archives building in Vanuatu p.4 Ok Tedi Case Files p.5 Adrian Cunningham, PARBICA - PMB’s Newest member p.5 Tukul Kaiku. International Council on Archives, Archivist of the Month, June 2010 p.6 Anthony G. Flude, South Pacific Traders, William (George) Ellis p.7 Karina Taylor, The Pacific Research Archives, Australian National University p.9 Zachery Per, Sounds of Chimbu Destroyed p.10 New Book! “Not a Poor Man’s Field. The New Guinea Goldfields to 1942” p.11 Latest PMB Manuscripts & Printed Document Series Titles p.12

PAMBU NEWS

The Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies was formally wound-up on 1st January. The Bureau is now located in the College of Asia and the Pacific (CAP) and is responsible through the PMB Chair to the Dean of the College.

Brij Lal, the PMB Chairperson, has noted that PMB work has not been affected by the RSPAS re-structure. Professor Lal is now the Deputy Director of the School of Culture, History and Language, a division of the College, giving the Bureau a strong supporter in the College context at ANU. The Bureau retains its close relationship to Pacific historians and other Pacific scholars throughout the College.

Kylie Moloney, the PMB Archivist, has returned to the Bureau after taking maternity leave following the birth of her baby, Josephine. Kylie is undertaking PMB fieldwork in Rarotonga this month (August). Having returned from travels in the USA and Tonga, Sioana Faupula is translating Tongan documents and undertaking in-house microfilming. John Harris, the Visiting Fellow located at the Bureau, has been making a detailed list of parts of the papers of Geoffrey Luck, formerly an ABC Radio journalist in PNG.

One hundred and one reels in the PMB Manuscript and Printed Document Series Microfilms were distributed to PMB member libraries in January. Detailed listings are accessible on the PMB on-line database catalogue.

On 14 March, at the invitation of Rebecca Walker, of the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs, Professor Brij Lal and I had lunch with Hon. Charlot Salwai, the Vanuatu Minister for Education. Among other things, Mr Salwai advised the PMB to try to document the career of Vincent Boulekone leading up to and since independence.

On fieldwork in Vanuatu, 15-30 March, there was no time to contact Mr Boulekone. However copies of newspapers Nakamal and Tan-Union, published by ‘moderate’ movement in Vanuatu politics and including articles by and about Vincent Boulekone, were microfilmed at the USP Library in Port Vila: PMB Doc 522 Nakamal Le Néo-Hébridais (edited by Jean-

Eudes Barbier, Société de Presse et d’Editions néo-hébridais, Port Vila), Nos.10-13, 15-60, Nov 1972-May 1974. 1 reel.

PMB Doc 522 Tan Union (edited by G. Leymang and V. Boulekone, for Union Communautés des Nouvelles-Hébrides, Kapiel, John Frum and Tabwemassana, Port

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Vila), Nos.1-2, 4-7 and one un-numbered issue, Apr-22 Nov 1977. 1 reel.

If any reader has issues of Nakamal or Tan Union, missing from the above microfilms, it would be greatly appreciated if you would contact the Bureau.

The main aim of the fieldwork in Vanuatu was continuing identification, organisation and microfilming of Diocese of Vanuatu (DOV) archives held at Luganville in Espiritu Santo, working again with Bishop Terry Brown, under the auspices of Bishop James Ligo, Bishop of Vanuatu. Work on the DOV archives was not completed: about 44 cartons of records, mainly from the 1990s, are still partially sorted or unsorted. The following microfilms were made:

PMB 1333 CHURCH OF MELANESIA, Diocese of Vanuatu, Bishop Derek Rawcliffe Papers, Santo, 1949-1980. Reels 3-8. (Restricted access.)

PMB 1334 CHURCH OF MELANESIA, Diocese of Vanuatu, Diocesan Papers, Santo, 1909-1995. Reels 1-3. (Restricted access.)

PMB 1344 CHURCH OF MELANESIA, Diocese of Vanuatu, Bishop Harry Tevi Papers, Santo, 1979-1986. 1 reel. (Restricted access.)

PMB Doc 521 REO PASIFIKA. VOICE OF THE PACIFIC. LA VOIX DU PACIFIQUE, (Journal of the Pacific Churches Research Centre, Port Vila; edited by Rev. Brian Macdonald-Milne), No.1, 1980. 1 reel. (Available for reference.)

The PMB also undertook fieldwork in PNG, 15 July to 2 August this year. The main reason for the fieldwork was to work with the Divine Word University Librarian, Monica Rothlisberger, before she retired from the University, following-up on PMB projects at DWU carried out over three visits in 1999-2001.

The fieldwork also included a visit to the Christian Leaders’ Training College in Banz, Western Highlands Province, to microfilm Bachelor of Theology theses and other staff and student papers and to survey archives held in the CLTC Library.

In addition I carried out a follow-up inspection of the Lands Commissions’ records in Port Moresby and took part in a discussion about their disposition and possible re-formatting.

14 reels of microfilm negative were exposed producing the following PMB titles: PMB 1348 CHRISTIAN LEADERS’ TRAINING

COLLEGE OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Theses for the degree of Bachelor of Theology and other staff and student papers held in the CLTC Library, Banz, 1980-2003. Reels 1-7. (Available for reference.)

PMB 1349 WEYMOUTH, Ross Malcolm, The Gogodala Society in Papua and the Unevangelized Fields Mission 1890-1977, 1978. 1 reel. (Available for reference.)

PMB 1350 BATLEY, Graeme Robert, A Study of the Emic Christian Theologising taking place among the Samban People of Papua New Guinea, 1998. 1 reel. (Available for reference.)

PMB 1351 HITCHEN, John Mason, Training ‘Tamate’. Formation of the Nineteenth Century missionary

worldview: the case of James Chalmers, 1984. 1 reel. (Available for reference.)

PMB 1352 TSCHAUDER, Fr John (1908-1996): Translations into English and Tok Pisin of articles in German on PNG and the South Pacific in serials published by the Society of the Divine Word and other Christian missions, 1882-1940. Reels 1-3. (Available for reference.)

PMB 1353 NOSER ARCHIVES, Files on the history of the Society of the Divine Word mission in New Guinea. Reels 1-2. (Available for reference.)

The last phase of microfilming of the administrative archives of the Unevangelized Fields Mission / Asia-Pacific Christian Mission (PMB 1299/Reels 12-34) has finished. The records were returned to the Bible College of Victoria (BCV) Library at Lilydale outside Melbourne in April. The Bureau has retained part of the UFM/APCM archives, consisting of pamphlets, serials, photographs and movie film. Several of the UFM/ APCM, Australia, NZ and PNG, newsletters have been arranged and despatched to W & F Pascoe P/L for microfilming (with funding from the Latourette Initiative at Yale Divinity Library), as follows: PMB Doc 524 NEWS LETTER, later AUSTRALASIAN

NEWS LETTER (Unevangelized Fields Mission, Melbourne), 1932-1941 (gaps), together with Unevangelized Fields Mission, Australia and New Zealand Branch, Annual Report, 1943-1946. (Available for reference.)

PMB Doc 525 LIGHT AND LIFE (Unevangelized Fields Mission, Australian and New Zealand Edition, Melbourne), Dec 1946-Mar 1989. (Available for reference.)

PMB Doc 526 LIGHT AND LIFE NEWS-LINE (Asia-Pacific Christian Mission, Melbourne and Auckland), Apr 1989-Dec 1997. (Available for reference.)

PMB Doc 527 PRAYER AND PRAISE POINTS (Asia Pacific Christian Mission; Evangelical Church of Papua, Tari, Southern Highlands Province, PNG), Jan 1976-Jan 1995. (Available for reference.)

PMB Doc 528 E.C.P. NEWS LETTER (Evangelical Church of Papua, Tari, Southern Highlands Province, PNG), Feb 1985-Dec 1990. (Available for reference.)

The BCV and its Library will be moving to new premises in the new year. The Bureau will aim to return all the remaining UFM/APCM archives to the Library before the end of 2010 so that the records do not get mis-placed as a result of the move. There may be an opportunity to survey and list the UFM/APCM photographs with a view to making digital copies of them before returning the records.

The final deadline for the Tuvalu National Archives Major Project (EAP110), funded by the Endangered Archives Programme (EAP) was 30 June 2010. In January, with the assistance of Alan Clarke of Pascoes, the digital copies of the archival documents (64,239 image files) were converted to PDF format, each PDF matching a document in the archives. Microfilm masters of the Tuvalu newspapers have been edited, including splicing-in copies of missing issues held at the National Archives of Fiji, the University of Hawai’i Library and the National Library of Australia, and sent to Pascoes for digital conversion (producing

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about 9,000 image files in TIF and PDF format). From late April until early June, Holly Trengove-Jones was employed for one day each week on a casual basis, with remaining EAP110 funds, to check the PDF documents and arrange them in order. Packages of the digital material will be sent to the Tuvalu National Library and Archives and the British Library.

In addition to the EAP110 microfilms already supplied to PMB members (49 reels), the following microfilms are now ready for the 2010 distribution: PMB Doc 482 TALA O TUVALU (Information Office,

Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony, Tarawa), Feb 1947-Dec 1964 (gaps). Reels 1-3. (Available for reference.)

PMB Doc 485 TUVALU NEWS SHEET (Broadcasting and Information Division of the Ministry of Home Affairs, Vaiaku, Funafuti, Tuvalu), Nos.1-197, 1976-1983. Reels 1-2. (Available for reference.)

PMB Doc 495 SIKULEO O TUVALU (Tuvalu Broadcasting and Information Service, Funafuti, Tuvalu), 1983-1991 (gaps). 1 reel. (Available for reference.)

Dr Peter MacNicoll of Canberra kindly lent the Bureau a manuscript account of voyaging in the Pacific in the 1860s by his great grandfather, Alfred William Martin (1844-1928) who sailed on a Tasmanian whaler, the Southern Cross, and on a Brigantine, El Zéfiro, under Captain Manuel Diaz Garcias of Peru, trading, smuggling and blackbirding from Vanuatu (Aoba/Ambai) for the Peruvian slave trade. The manuscript and Dr MacNicoll’s transcript have been microfilmed at PMB 1342.

Alan Ives, also of Canberra, lent the Bureau some documents from his vast library, two of which, “An Alphabetical List of Villages in PNG”, 1970, and “Basic Documents concerning the Japanese Peace Settlement”, n.d., have been microfilmed at PMB 1346.

The Bureau is collating an incomplete set of reports by James Gibbney of his post-WWII archives surveys in PNG for microfilming.

Bill Gammage sent the Bureau a photocopy of Jim Sinclair’s report on a patrol with Bert Speer, Medical Assistant, from Tari Station to areas to the north-west between Tari and the Strickland-Lagaip Rivers, 10 May-10 July 1955 (Tari No.7 of 1954/55). DVD copy of movie film, made mostly by Mr Speer, on the Tari Northwest first contact patrol, and of the opening of Koroba station, has been lodged with the New Guinea Collection at the UPNG Library.

On behalf of her friend, the late Ronald Focken, Margaret Reeson lent the Bureau several folders of Mr Focken’s reports of his patrols in the Milne Bay District, 1959-1960, and Southern Highlands (Mendi, Koroba, Komo, Nipa), 1961-1964. Together with some other documents and copies of some of Mr Focken’s photographs, these have been microfilmed at PMB1345 (and digitised at PMB Photo 32). The original documents have been transferred to the PNG Association of Australia Collection at the Fryer Library, University of Queensland, for permanent retention.

PNG Constituent Assembly debates leading up to independence, 1974-1975, collated by staff of Sir Barry Holloway, gathered with the assistance of Bill Standish, have been transferred to the Bureau for microfilming and digitization.

Annual Reports of the Division of Pacific and Asian History, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, ANU, 1952-2007, gathered with the assistance of Dorothy MacIntosh, have been transferred to the Bureau for microfilming.

PNG field notebooks of Don Laycock, Department of Linguistics, RSPAS, ANU, previously surveyed by the PMB, returned to the Department, and retrieved recently on the request of Professor Don Kulick, University of Chicago, are being held at the Bureau for microfilming.

I made a rough initial survey, with Dr Peter Elder, of a large collection of Australian Office of National Assessments PNG 1990s press reports collected by the late James Griffin and now transferred to the State Society and Governance Melanesia program at the ANU.

The Bureau has acquired an Epson V700 photo scanner and is digitizing PNG slide collections of Jill Clingan, Jack Tomerup and WC Groves.

The GeoScience Australia – Rabaul Volcanological Observatory Twinning Project has received a substantial AusAID grant, including funding for an RVO Information Management System, in part involving RVO documents digitised from PMB microfilms. In late May I arranged Klaus Neumann’s research papers on the Rabaul volcanic eruption in 1994, including hundreds of school student essays, many with illustrations, which were digitised for the Twinning Project.

Ewan Maidment, PMB Executive Officer

Bishop Terry Brown sorting Church of Melanesia archives,

Sarakata, Luganville, Espiritu Santo, March 2010.

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NEW NATIONAL ARCHIVES BUILDING IN VANUATU

On 30 July, to mark the 30th anniversary of the independence of Vanuatu, the Australian government gave $3m towards a new National Archives and Library building to be constructed at the Vanuatu Cultural Centre in Port Vila.

In an interview on Pacific Beat (Radio Australia, 29 July), Ralph Regenvanu, Vanuatu MP and former Director of the Vanuatu Cultural Centre, commented, “There has always been a plan to build a National Archives, National Library building, a joint building which would be both the National Archives and the National Library in the national cultural complex, which is opposite Parliament House in Port Vila. And there's actually a plot of land assigned to this building, and it's been on the plan since 1995, but Vanuatu has not been able to source the funding. So the Australian government, on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of Vanuatu's independence as a gift to Vanuatu, has undertaken to fund the construction of this building, which will be in the same shape as the National Museum building. It is going to go right next to the National Museum building. It will be slightly smaller, but it will be in the same shape, and it will be a building in which all the important papers, stills, photo documents of our cultural heritage, our history will be stored. So it is a major achievement for Vanuatu to have this building built, and it will really help the country in terms of preserving its archival heritage, considering that at the moment we do not have a national archives building. All the national archives are stored in containers next to the National Museum awaiting this new building. So it is really something that Australia has responded to a real need in the country for this building. It will also relieve many government departments from having to store their archives in spare rooms or in backrooms around the government departments taking up space.”

ADDRESS BY, Her Excellency Ms Quentin Bryce AC, Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia on the occasion of the Official gifting from Australia to Vanuatu - National Archives and Library Building on site (near Vanuatu Cultural Centre), Port Vila, Vanuatu, 30 July 2010.

Ladies and gentlemen, I feel enormously privileged to be here during this important and special time for your nation. Vanuatu is a truly stunning part of the world. The physical beauty of its islands. The might and mystery of its volcanic terrain. The dazzling colours of its bays and jungles. Its rich cultural, social and political histories. And your people – your warmth and generosity; your pragmatism and resourcefulness; your spirituality, and respect for traditional ways in contemporary times.

I know that as part of these anniversary of independence celebrations your National Museum is exhibiting some fascinating images from its photographic archive. Images that tell the story of the last 30 years of this archipelago: the advancement of

public and private life here, in your urban and rural areas; the expansion of education and opportunity; the strengthening position of women; the impacts of climate, and of the earth and ocean in this Pacific Ring of Fire; Vanuatu’s international relationships; and the evolution of custom and culture across your 83 islands.

Some of these things are directly related to your progress towards the Millennium Development Goals, in particular your work: in reducing child mortality and promoting gender equality and the empowerment of women. These are noteworthy achievements, given a global environment dominated for some time by energy, food and financial crises.

All of the changes that have occurred here since independence are part of the Vanuatu fabric: they affirm your origins and passage; they characterise your values and aspirations; and they will define your future.

Ladies and gentlemen, I can think of no better place to be sharing these thoughts with you than here on the site of your new Archives and Library Building. A structure that will come to symbolise and tangibly contribute to: the protection of your democracy, human rights and freedoms; the openness and efficiency of your government; your lifelong learning and inquiry; the preservation of cultural knowledge, memories, the things that are central to who you are as individuals and as a people; your mutual understanding, collaboration, and shared sense of heritage and purpose.

These are words and expressions we hear often these days. Sometimes they can sound only distantly hopeful. But today, we are witnessing: their action, and genuine promise upon the completion of this project, to unite and uplift Vanuatu’s communities in engaging, affirming and enduring ways.

One of our world-class Australian authors, and a very favourite of mine, Mr David Malouf, has written some really marvellous stories: about our connection with place and with one another; about the simple and powerful human experiences of life and living, now and in the past. Ten years ago he spoke about the meaning of heritage. When I recall his words now I realise that they resonate even more deeply in me. He said: Heritage is: the recognition of shared experience, of accepted monuments to events and to sentiments, a shared acceptance of guardianship for what we care for and are determined to pass on, it is essential to that sense of neighbourliness on which citizenship is based.

What makes the difference is the remembering, the keeping alive in the memory, of lives lived, stories told. What we are doing when we acknowledge the full history of places is making them real to ourselves, embedding them in our consciousness, making them places fully possessed in the mind and imagination, loved places that we live in, in spirit as well as in fact.

This is what your new National Archives and Library Building will do. Its archivists and librarians and historians: will reach out into and reflect the diverse aspects and nuances of Vanuatu society, they

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will connect with you, engage your interests and passions and they will make what they do personally and intrinsically valuable to you too.

Of course, is it all about the people who make these projects happen – their own enthusiasm and commitment and love for the places they live in and belong to. Here, one person in particular stands tall. This project represents: the many, many years of dedicated professional work of your Chief Archivist, Mrs Anne Naupa, the fruition of a dream pursued with limited resources and boundless energy and optimism and the finest public service by an individual. Mrs Naupa, you are a leader, a mentor, a worker and a community builder. And now, you will have the resources you need to do justice to your immense effort.

Australia is a proud and willing Pacific partner and friend to Vanuatu. Thousands of Australians travel here every year and fall in love with your land and people. Australians want to see your story nurtured and safeguarded, and your future shine. And so, from the Australian Government and people to the people of Vanuatu, I gift the new Vanuatu National Archives and Library Building. May it serve you well and long, and may you cherish its place in your shared life.

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OK TEDI CASE FILES The Ok Tedi Case Files, amounting to 63 cartons and 3 filing cabinets, have been returned to the legal firm Slater & Gordon. The files cover a series of court challenges during the 1990s in which Slater & Gordon represented Ok Tedi landowners (the plaintiff was Gabia Gagarimabu, formerly an MP for the South Fly region) against BHP and Ok Tedi Mining Ltd. The records had been in the custody of the Australian Conservation Foundation for some years. When the ACF was no longer able to look after them they were transferred to the Mineral Policy Institute. In 2009 the MPI could no longer afford the costs of storage and offered to transfer them to the Australian National University. In the event, Slater & Gordon reclaimed the records in November 2009 and they were transferred to S&G in March this year. Slater & Gordon have given no undertaking to preserve the records or to provide public access to them. No detailed listings of the records are available.

A detailed litigation history of the Ok Tedi Mine, provided by Slater & Gordon, is at “Ok Tedi Riverine Disposal Case Study”, Appendix H of D. Van Zyln et al., “Mining for the Future”, Mining Minerals and Sustainable Development, No.68a, April 2002. Internet ref. http://www.mining.ubc.ca/mlc/presentations_ pub/Pub_LVW/68a_mftf-h.pdf

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PARBICA - PMB’s NEWEST MEMBER PMB's newest member is PARBICA, the Pacific Regional Branch of the International Council on Archives.

In 2009 PARBICA, the Pacific Regional Branch of the International Council on Archives, was delighted to accept an invitation made by the Management Committee of the Pacific Manuscripts Bureau for PARBICA to become an Associate Member of the PMB. This invitation was made in recognition of the fact that archival institutions are key partners with the PMB in pursuing our mutual objectives of preserving and providing access to the at-risk documentary heritage of the Pacific Islands.

In fact, PARBICA and the PMB have a close relationship that stretches back many years. The PMB Executive Officer Ewan Maidment has been a regular attendee at PARBICA's biennial conferences since the mid-1990s. Over the same period members of the PARBICA Bureau have attended PMB Management Committee meetings as observers. More recently, this privilege was reciprocated by the PARBICA Bureau with Diane Woods of the PMB Management Committee participating in PARBICA Bureau teleconferences as an observer. Formalising this cooperative relationship by making PARBICA an Associate Member of the PMB seemed to be a logical next step, with the $2,000 membership fee being a tangible indication of PARBICA's support for the role and mission of the PMB.

What is PARBICA? PARBICA is one of thirteen regional branches on

of the International Council on Archives (ICA). The ICA was established in 1948 and has its headquarters/secretariat based in Paris. Formed in 1981, PARBICA is a professional organisation that comprises government archives, non-government archival institutions and associations, and individual members representing more than twenty nations, states and territories in the North and South Pacific, including Australia, Hawaii and New Zealand.

PARBICA is administered by a Bureau consisting of a President, Vice President, Secretary-General, Treasurer and Editor together with co-opted members. The current President of PARBICA is Setareki Tale, National Archivist of Fiji. PARBICA's initial constitution was adopted in October 1981 at its inaugural conference in Suva, Fiji. In addition to supporting the general purposes of the International Council of Archives, the objects of PARBICA are to: • establish, maintain and strengthen relations

between archivists in the region and between institutions and professional organisations concerned with the custody and administration of archives;

• promote the preservation and protection of the archival heritage of the region;

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• facilitate the use of archives through public education and improved access;

• stimulate and organise archival activities; • provide and assist with formal and informal

professional training; and • cooperate with other agencies concerned with the

documentation of human and natural history in order to benefit all mankind. A new version of the PARBICA Constitution was

endorsed by the PARBICA General Conference in Brisbane, October 2009. It is currently awaiting consideration by the International Council on Archives at their next annual general meeting. PARBICA publishes a quarterly newsletter, Panorama and also maintains a website at http://www.parbica.org

While most Pacific Island nations have national archival institutions, not all do. At present Tonga and Samoa lack archival legislation, although Samoa has a draft Archives Bill and its government has funded a team to establish an archival program for a number of years. Last year Samoa appointed its first national archivist, Ms Amela Silipa. Some Pacific Nations have archival legislation but either no dedicated archival building and/or no current appointee to the position of national archivist. A major priority, therefore, of PARBICA is to assist and encourage Pacific Islands Governments to give their archival programs adequate support and priority.

As the archival profession is a small one, archivists often feel lonely and isolated. This is especially the case in the dispersed micro states of the Pacific. Lonely and under-resourced archivists with limited access to professional development and training opportunities place a high value on the support network provided by PARBICA and the conferences and workshops organised by PARBICA - usually with the aid of funding from organisations such as AusAID, NZ-AID and UNESCO. Indeed, despite its geographically dispersed nature and low levels of funding, PARBICA has over the years proved to be one of the most active, vibrant and productive branches of the ICA.

The most recent example of this is PARBICA's project to develop the Recordkeeping for Good Governance Toolkit. Using funding provided by both AusAID and NZ-AID, the Toolkit project is now into its fifth phase - which aims to produce guidance for Pacific Islands Governments on managing and preserving their electronic records. Previous phases of the project have produced such useful and practical records management tools as: a recordkeeping capacity checklist; guidelines for identifying recordkeeping requirements; a model recordkeeping policy; a model classification scheme for common administrative records; guidelines for developing classification schemes for core business functions; a model records disposal schedule for common administrative records; guidelines for starting a records appraisal program; and a train the trainer handbook for those wishing to develop in-country training based on the content of the Toolkit. Although the Toolkit was developed

specifically for use within the Pacific cultural and administrative context, it has proved popular and useful further afield, with the French Association of Archivists translating it into French for use in Francophone Africa.

PARBICA members have a warm hearted enthusiasm for the work of the PMB and look forward to continuing to strengthen our cooperative relationship for many years to come. Adrian Cunningham PARBICA Treasurer

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TUKUL KAIKU International Council on Archives, Archivist of the Month, June 2010

Tukul Walla Sepania Kaiku is from New Hanover Island in the New Ireland Province of PNG. She holds a Diploma in Secondary Teaching, a BA degree from the UPNG and a Graduate Diploma in Information Management (Archives Administration) from the University of New South Wales.

Tukul Kaiku's career as an Archivist commenced in November 1982 after completing her studies at the UPNG. The PNG National Library, under which the National Archives and Public Records Services of Papua New Guinea was a branch, was recruiting graduate trainees and so Tukul opted to work with the National Archives. In 1985 she left the National Archives for a short while and was recruited back in 1988, this time to work with the Archives until 1996.

From 1996 to 2001 she worked with the Department of Provincial and Local Government Affairs and from 2002 to 2004 she worked with the Public Sector Reforms Management Unit of the Department of Prime Minister. Then in 2005 she moved to the UPNG School of Humanities and Social Sciences to teach Records and Archives Management within the Information and Communication Sciences Strand.

As a graduate trainee with the National Archives from 1982-1985, Tukul served primarily in the Archives Services Section which dealt with reference services relating to personal and written enquiries. During this time she became very accustomed to archives documenting British and Australian colonial administration of PNG. In particular Tukul was intrigued by the patrol reports which she used for display during the Archives Week in 1983. She later featured the same patrols in a series of newspaper articles titled ‘Government and the Opening of the Country'.

Another highlight of her work at the National Archives was the move from the first repository to a new building in 1988, where Tukul used her knowledge of the archives to decide where records would be shelved in the new building.

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At the UPNG, apart from teaching Records and Archives Management, she also teaches courses such as Information Sources, Information Literacy, Marketing of Information and Library Services, Outreach and Information Extension Services, as well as Fieldwork practice. While at the UPNG she has been participating in outreach programs, including working with the staff on student records.

As a Records and Archives educator she attended the Asia and Pacific Training and Education conference in Tokyo in 2006.

In 2008, Tukul developed a Training Module for the Public Sector Workforce Development Program and in 2009 she developed a Trainer/Learner Handbook for the Training of PNG Government Officers in the use of the PARBICA Recordkeeping for Good Governance Toolkit. Also in 2009, she completed a Study Guide and Resource Book and Course Outline Booklet for the course, Information Literacy, on offer by the UPNG's Open Colleges in Distance Mode in the first semester of 2011.

Tukul Kaiku is a highly valued and extremely active member of the Pacific Regional Branch of the International Council on Archives and participates in PARBICA's biennial conferences and has played a crucial role in the formulating of ideas for the PARBICA Recordkeeping for Good Governance Toolkit, as a member of the Toolkit's regional reference group.

Tukul Kaiku also participates in activities relating to indigenous knowledge systems of her home island. For instance in July 2009, she attended the 14th Congress of the International Anthropological and Ethnographic Association at Kunming, China, where she presented a paper on four examples of Indigenous knowledge practices of her people.

There are four staff members within the Information and Communication Sciences Strand where Tukul Kaiku teaches. These staff members teach Information Management courses in the area of Information and Information Literacy, Library Science, Records and Archives and Information Technology. Tukul Kaiku is the Records and Archives educator on the staff.

In a country where managing archives and records is anything but easy, Tukul Kaiku's energy, leadership, commitment, enthusiasm, integrity and professionalism is a constant inspiration to her friends and colleagues within the PARBICA family. Adapted from International Council of Archives web site

SOUTH PACIFIC TRADERS WILLIAM (George) ELLIS

Tahiti – Caroline – Penryhn - Manihiki WILLIAM (GEORGE) ELLIS was born in 1835 and lived in a small village near the well-known Lincolnshire fishing port of Grimsby, in the northeast of England. At barely fourteen years of age, he gained work among the fishing fleet of vessels moored at the port, where, showing initiative, his employer took him on as an apprentice shipwright, when he learnt the skills of boat building and repairing damaged vessels.

The Grimsby fishing boats were constructed to an ancient design, known as a 'Yawl', being pointed at both stern and bow. The knowledge he gained about their construction was to bear William in good stead in his later life among the Pacific Islands.

Leaving Grimsby at about 20 years of age, he traveled aboard a coastal schooner down to the East End of London dockyards, where he was taken on as a ships carpenter. He made several voyages as a seaman aboard the Barque’s and Brigantines, visiting many of the ports of Europe, while carrying both cargo and passengers. A few years later, he signed aboard a Peruvian brigantine bound for the port of Callao in Peru. The voyage was uneventful until they were ninety miles off the coast of Peru, approaching their destination. Lashed by a violent storm, the strong winds and current drove the vessel onshore to the small barren, uninhabited island of San Lorenzo. Pounded and smashed onto the rocky coast, the crew were lucky to get ashore unscathed and next morning there was little to see of the ship. Fortunately, there had been no loss of life and living on fish and seabirds eggs, they survived on the desolate island for five weeks, until finally they were rescued by a passing fisherman who saw their signal fire and brought them in, half-starved, into the port of Callao.

William recovered over the next few weeks and soon signed on as supercargo aboard a Peruvian labour recruiting ship, leaving the port for the central Pacific region. He made several voyages, collecting cargo and on some occasions bringing back natives who were contracted and paid for working in the cotton and coffee plantations of Peru.

In 1858, William joined a vessel sailing to the South Pacific islands of Tahiti when they were due to replenish supplies. He decided to leave the ship at Papeete and remain and settle in the beautiful Tahitian islands, where he married and raised a family, gaining employment with the local French traders, Capelle & Company.

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William ‘George’ ELLIS

In Papeete he had also made the acquaintance of Captain Joseph Browne and Captain Samuel Brothers, two well known traders, who had set up a coconut plantation and livestock farm on Caroline Atoll, some 400 miles north-west of Tahiti.

A few years later in 1862, the Pacific slave trading, or 'black birding' era began. Ship-owners and captains, mainly from Peru but also from Fiji and Australia, deployed their cargo holds to carry kidnapped islanders to any plantation owner who would pay well for their human cargo of slaves. Other ruthless sea captains, eager to make easy money, began to collect 'slave labour' from the islands to work in the Peruvian silver mines or the Queensland sugar plantations, where no local labour force could be found to employ.

Ellis left his Tahitian wife and family behind during 1862 and returned to his life at sea. In the port of Calleo, Peru, his previous ship, the Empresa was sailing for the Pacific Islands and looking for crew. He joined the ship, after being told by the captain that they were collecting 'recruits' from among the islands. William was soon to find out, to his dismay that the captain had decided to make this a 'slave trading' voyage. From Uapou Atoll in the Marquesean islands, several natives were enticed aboard, when they were captured by the crew and secured in the ships hold.

When the ship called into Caroline Atoll for fresh water, William saw his chance to escape, wishing to have no part in the taking of natives as 'slaves.' Here he asked Joseph Browne, who was running a livestock farm and growing coconut plantation, if he could stay as supervisor of the native workforce. The Empresa captain agreed, if Joseph Browne was to take his place on board the ship. Joseph was anxious to get back to Tahiti.

At a later date, William Ellis was to learn from the captain of a small trading schooner, that the natives were in trouble on Penrhyn Atoll. The younger men from the island had been to Washington Island working for Mr. Brander, but on being returned home, had found their island had been de-populated by the 'slave traders.' They had lost many friends and relatives.

In 1867, due to the increased activity of foreign traders searching for guano fertilizer among the South Pacific Islands, of which they often took occupancy and possession, Joseph Browne requested the British Consul in Tahiti to petition Queen Victoria to declare sovereignty over Caroline Atoll to protect his interests

there and also the other twenty-seven residents on the atoll.

H.M.S. Reindeer called at the atoll in July 1868, acting under orders to make the atoll a British possession. The Proclamation deed, signed by Commander Nares of the Royal Navy, was witnessed by Joseph Browne, as proprietor of the atoll and William Ellis as British resident.

By 1870, Ellis had decided to move on from Caroline to Penrhyn Atoll, where he found large quantities of shell, pearl and beche-de-mer. He set up a trading post and agency there for the firm of Brander & Company.

It was on Penrhyn atoll that the natives had difficulty saying his name, William, and insisted in calling him 'George' after a much earlier American trader named Captain George English, who had traded on both Penrhyn and Manihiki atoll. William agreed and the name was used by everyone. He soon organised and employed the natives into working parties.

'George' settled on one of the two larger inhabitable islands on the Penrhyn atoll, situated some fifteen miles around the coast from the 'Vaka' (Omaka) village, the main village on the atoll, where many of the natives lived along with the resident LMS missionary, Rev. Henry Royle. He had employed the people to build him a large white painted, two roomed house next to the missionary station. On Penrhyn William found himself a new partner, a pretty Manihiki lady and started a new family of two children.

Fishing yawls on Penrhyn Atoll 1886

On his own island, later to be named 'George's Island' by the people, now named Te Tautua, 'George' built a house and store. Here is where he traded with the natives for shell and pearls in exchange for all types of goods, shirts and colourful dress fabrics, cottons, anchors, rope, tobacco, nails and tools and all manner of trinkets and perfumes which he arranged to be imported from Tahiti each time Captain Brothers called to load up cargo.

The people of Penrhyn had been lucky to gain a skilled trader who was able to teach them the skills of boat-building and under George Ellis' tuition they constructed a fleet of pearl fishing boats, the design of which was based on the 'Grimsby' type yawl. George

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later built himself a small schooner in which he could sail from his own island to the main island of Vaka.

William ‘George’ Ellis became so respected by the Penrhyn islander's, that they made him their honorary 'king’ and named him 'Serikura.'

By the year 1878, 'George' had decided to move on to the nearby larger Atoll of Manihiki with its richer shell grounds, together with his partner and family of four children.

At the opposite ends of the lagoon, there were two villages, each with its own king and two hundred villagers. King Aporo ruled the village of Tukao and George was given permission to build himself a trading store and house there.

Ellis taught the natives boat-building and acted as agent and trader on behalf of other company's in later years which included the shipping firm of Henderson and Macfarlane of Auckland, who owned and operated the Circular Saw Shipping Line of sailing ships until the end of the century.

William Ellis finally retired to Rarotonga in the Cook Islands. His surviving family still keeps in touch with his ‘Ellis’ Tahitian family to this present day.

Ellis sitting (left) outside his trading store, Manihiki 1886.

Anthony G. Flude, New Zealand Historian.

Sources: Frederick Moss, Through Atolls & Islands in the Great South

Seas. London, 1889. Fanny Stevenson, The Cruise of the Janet Niccol in the South

Seas. London 1890. H E Maude, Slavers in Paradise 1862-64. Stanford

University Press, 1981. Henry Bathhurst Sterndale, Memorandums and articles to the

New Zealand Herald, 1886. British Consulate records & correspondence, 1862-70. Cook Island and Tahiti family correspondence and sources. Photographs: A. Andrews, Auckland photographer, 1886.

* * *

THE PACIFIC RESEARCH ARCHIVES AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

In our third full year of operation, the Pacific Research Archives (PRA) continues to be advised by a committee consisting of representatives from the College of Asia and the Pacific, the ANU Archives Program, the ANU Asia-Pacific Library, the PMB and the National Library of Australia.

PRA committee members in 2009 were Dr Bryant Allan (Chair), Maggie Shapley, Renata Osborne, Deveni Temu, Ewan Maidment, Kylie Moloney, Emma Jolley and Karina Taylor.

Dr Chris Ballard from the School of Culture History and Language replaced Bryant Allan as Chair of the committee after Bryant Allen retired in December 2009.

The Division of Information funded the PRA for 2009 under the original three year agreement.

In 2009 the PRA received 26 collections from Pacific scholars and individuals with an interest in the Pacific Islands, including: • Historian Professor Hank Nelson on Papua New

Guinea and the war in the Pacific • Geographer Dr Marion Ward on transport in Papua

New Guinea • Geographer/anthropologist Dr William Clarke on

agricultural techniques in PNG • Anthropologist Dr Richard Eves’ posters on

HIV/AIDS in the Pacific • Anthropologist Dr Robert Norton on politics in Fiji

The Pacific Archivist documented all of these collections and also those of Sir John Gunther, Professor Diana Howlett, Dr Stephen Henningham, and parts of the archives of Burns Philp & Co Ltd.

The PRA has been actively working with the College of Asia and the Pacific to ensure the records of the restructured Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies (RSPAS) are archived. We have provided advice to and received material from the Division of Pacific and Asian History, the Dept of Human Geography and the PMB.

The Pacific Manuscripts Bureau has transferred the following collections: • Papers of Jai Ram Reddy a lawyer and politician on

politics in Fiji • Papers of Sir Colin Allan a British administrator in

the Pacific Islands • Papers of historian Professor Brij Lal on politics in

Fiji PRA finding aids have been updated to reflect these

additions to the collection. The finding aids are available in hardcopy in the reading room and on the PRA website at http://pacificarchives. anu.edu.au/findingaids/index.php

We have approached more than thirty scholars and individuals who have Pacific collections suitable for donation to the PRA. We continue to update our list of Pacific scholars and followed-up on these contacts in

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May 2009 with further letters. Over twenty scholars have replied.

The Pacific Archivist is testing the ICA-AtoM (International Council of Archives Access to Memory) database with the Pacific collections. With the development of an online database, we anticipate easier access and increased interest in the Pacific Research Archives.

The Pacific Archivist prepared an exhibition, For the People: Pacific Resources, on display in the ANU Archives Program reading room to coincide with Asia-Pacific week, 2010.

PAMBU and the PRA co-curated an exhibition on Pacific health in the Pacific Space in the Asia-Pacific Library and ANU Archives Program reading room from January to July 2009. This exhibition drew on the archival resources from PAMBU and the PRA. The contents of the exhibition have been digitised and are displayed in an online exhibition on the PRA website together with the earlier exhibition of the Colonial Sugar Refining Company Limited. PAMBU prepared a catalogue of the Pacific Health exhibition this is also available online at http://pacificarchives.anu.edu.au/gallery/index.php

PRA outreach activities also included archival training at the UPNG. In October 2009 the Pacific Archivist visited the staff of the New Guinea Collection at the University of Papua New Guinea. During the week she provided archival training for 17 library and records staff members. The visit was a valuable training opportunity for the staff as there is little opportunity for archival training in PNG. It was an important experience for the Pacific Archivist, allowing her to see first-hand the constraints on archives in the Pacific. It was also an opportunity to develop her training and supervisory skills.

Throughout the year the Pacific Archivist has held information sessions for students and visitors who are interested in the PRA. This has included sessions for the Pacific students as part of Asia-Pacific week in 2009 and 2010 and an introduction to Pacific archives for Pasifika Australia students in October 2009. The Pacific Archivist attended the ASA/ARANZ/PARBICA Archives conference in Brisbane in October.

The PRA receives a growing number of research requests relating to the Archives. Scholars from the University of Vienna came to the ANU for a round table discussion and also spent time looking at the Wurm collection. Dr Doug Munro visited the PRA for his research on the history of Pacific scholarship. The CSR and Burns Philp collections continue to be particularly important resources for Pacific researchers.

We anticipate the donation of further material from RSPAS and from Pacific scholars as we continue our advisory and collecting role to the College of Asia and the Pacific. The Pacific Archivist will continue to be involved in the Pacific studies teaching program by providing tutorials to students and archival advice to staff. We will see increased online access to the

collection through the development of the ICA-AtoM database and our online exhibitions.

The Division of Information and the College of Asia and the Pacific are jointly funding the PRA for 2010. This has extended the funding of the PRA until February 2011. We are currently looking for future funding sources to continue the collecting, research and access functions the PRA provides for the ANU.

Karina Taylor Pacific Archivist, Pacific Research Archives ANU Archives Program

* * *

SOUNDS OF CHIMBU DESTROYED The National (18 May 2010), p. 3: http://www.thenational.com.pg/?q=node/9198 A rare collection of traditional Chimbu songs, string band music, legends and myths and traditional bamboo flute sounds were destroyed last week.

The National Broadcasting Corporation’s library and archives building in Kundiawa, containing this rare collection, was demolished last Thursday to make way for the new highlands regional treasury building.

The NBC building was constructed in 1973, and the recordings destroyed were a collection of the last 37 years. It was demolished in the presence of Chimbu Governor Fr John Garia and other MPs from the province. Also there was Finance secretary Gabriel Yer, NBC acting managing director Memafu Kapera and NBC board chairman Paul Reptario.

The National saw remains of the destroyed records burning and lying around the perimeter fence of the site last weekend.

NBC management and staff, who have relocated to a new site near the Kundiawa-Gembogl district office and the provincial education office, have reportedly failed to relocate the archived records.

Director of Sangamanga Culture Environment Protection (SCEP) Eric Sinebare expressed grave concerns over the loss of these rare collections.

He blamed the management and staff of NBC Kundiawa for failing to relocate these items when they moved out three months ago.

Sinebare said when the official demolition was carried out last Thursday, NBC staff arrived and collected what they wanted, leaving the records behind. “By 6pm last Saturday, the public moved in and helped themselves, scattering the recordings on a shelf all over.” By Zachery Per Follow-up

In July 2007, Pambu published an article by Jordie Kilby, “Digitising the Broadcasting Past of Papua New Guinea”, reporting on a co-operative project between the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) and

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the NBC, supported by AusAID, the Australian Agency for International Development. The project is part of the second phase of a larger program, the Media for Development Initiative (MDI), the other part of which is being coordinated by the PNG Media Council. The NBC/ABC partnership has several broad goals: (1) to build organizational capacity within the NBC, (2) to strengthen its news and program output areas, and (3) to introduce digital technology to the Corporation’s archives.

Sonny Karubaba, an Archivist with the Media for Development Initiative (MDI) Archive project, has informed the Pacific Manuscripts Bureau that staff at most of the Provincial stations, including NBC Simbu (Chimbu), were trained and issued with digitisation equipment to preserve archival material under the MDI project. It is not known whether or not the NBC Simbu had digitised the important Chimbu songs prior to the fire in May this year.

* * *

NEW BOOK! NOT A POOR MAN’S FIELD - THE NEW

GUINEA GOLDFIELDS TO 1942: AN AUSTRALIAN COLONIAL HISTORY

A new book on New Guinea’s history is to be published in July, by Halstead Press. Michael Waterhouse’s, Not a Poor Man’s Field - The New Guinea Goldfields to 1942: An Australian Colonial History, explores how the Morobe goldfields developed from the time the first Australian prospectors crossed into German New Guinea before WW1.

The success of the goldfields depended on many extraordinary aviation feats. Aeroplanes ranging from single engine plywood biplanes to large Junkers G31 single wing freighters flew in everything required to construct and maintain eight large dredges, three hydro-electric power stations and several townships. As a consequence, New Guinea led the world in commercial aviation throughout the 1930s; world records were often set and as often broken.

The book also discusses Australia's colonial experience under the League of Nations Mandate. It explores, from both white and black perspectives, early encounters between villagers and Europeans and the indentured labour system which drew New Guineans from all over the country to the goldfields. Other themes include the camaraderie among small white settlements in an alien environment, race relations in a colonial society, the Japanese invasion and its consequences and the (mal) administration of New Guinea.

Destruction of most official and private records during WW2 posed a major challenge to reconstructing the history of the period. Michael supplemented the often limited information in public archives in Australia and PNG with personal information that has found its way into major libraries in four Australian States and the ACT, documents microfilmed by PMB,

unpublished private records and photos in Australia, PNG, Canada and the United States, interviews with elderly New Guineans and Europeans and even rediscovered film footage from as early as 1929. The result is a book that places particular emphasis on using the words of people who were there to convey a compelling sense of time and place.

The author, Michael Waterhouse, is the grandson of Les Waterhouse, a Director of Bulolo Gold Dredging, the most successful of the mining companies on the field. Les was also a Director of Placer Development and Guinea Airways.

Professor Ross Garnaut has written the Foreword. He concludes, “We are fortunate that Michael Waterhouse’s interest in his grandfather’s story on the New Guinea goldfields inspired this sustained effort of scholarship. It is a wonderful book, rich in insights into the human condition, drawing from and contributing to insights from economics, anthropology and sociology, and political and administrative history. It is a good read. I commend it especially to Australians and Papua New Guineans seeking to understand some important and little known parts of their countries’ stories.”

Michael has degrees with majors in Anthropology, Economics and Economic History. He has held senior positions in the Commonwealth Treasury and Westpac.

The book will be available from bookshops towards the end of July for $59.95, or from the author at the reduced rate of $50 (+ postage and handling) using a flyer that will be available during July or via the website www.notapoormansfield.com.

* * *

Receiving Pambu in Electronic Form

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email to: pambu@anu.edu.au.

NEW PACIFIC SHIPPING LIST Tahiti and the Society Islands:

Shipping arrivals and departures 1767-1852

By Rhys Richards and Robert Langdon, Canberra, PMB and Boglio Martime Books,

2008, 257pp. Contact pambu@anu.edu.au

Soft bound: AU$39.60, plus postage.

LATEST PMB MANUSCRIPTS & PRINTED DOCUMENT SERIES MICROFILM TITLES PMB 1299 UNEVANGELISED FIELDS MISSION / ASIA PACIFIC CHRISTIAN MISSION, Archives documenting missions

in Papua New Guinea and West Papua, 1931-1992. Reels 1-34. (Available for reference.) PMB 1325 BARNARD, Rev. Lewis E., Reports and photographs from the Methodist Mission in Fiji, 1929-1930. 1 reel.

(Available for reference.) PMB 1326 CLINGAN, Jill M. (1942-…), Papers, photographs, sketches and research documents relating to the Australian

Baptist Mission in the Western Highlands of Papua New Guinea, 1952-1999. 2 reels. (Available for reference.) PMB 1327 RABAUL VOLCANOLOGICAL OBSERVATORY, Additional volcanological records, 1953-2008. Reels 1-5.

(Restricted access.) PMB 1330 COOKE, R.J.S. (1938-1979), Correspondence and notes on volcanology in Papua New Guinea, 1971-1979. 1 reel.

(Available for reference.) PMB 1331 CHURCH OF MELANESIA, Diocese of Vanuatu, Judah Butu papers, Lolowai, 1969-2004. Reels 1-2. (Restricted

access.) PMB 1332 CHURCH OF MELANESIA, Diocese of Vanuatu, St Patrick’s Junior Secondary School, Banks Islands and Ambai,

1923-1986. 1 reel. (Restricted access.) PMB 1333 CHURCH OF MELANESIA, Diocese of Vanuatu, Bishop Derek Rawcliffe papers, Santo, 1959-1979. Reels 1-8.

(Restricted access.) PMB 1334 CHURCH OF MELANESIA, Diocese of Vanuatu, Diocesan papers, Santo, 1909-1980. Reels 1-3. (Restricted

access.). PMB 1335 MARSHALL, Donald Stanley (1919-2005), Polynesian Expedition Journals, 1951-1961. Reels 1-3. (Available for

reference.) PMB 1336 MARSHALL, Donald Stanley (1919-2005), Mangaia Census Materials, 1954. (Restricted access.) PMB 1337 MARSHALL, Donald Stanley (1919-2005), Cook Islands Research Papers, 1951-1989. Reels 1-6. (Available for

reference.) PMB 1338 EASTMAN, Rev. George Herbert, A Rarotongan-English Dictionary, Compiled 1918. 1 reel. (Available for

reference.) PMB 1339 SHAW, Basil (1933-2002), Research papers for a biography of Sir Michael Somare, including copies of papers and

drawings by Captain Yukio Shibata, 1966-… (Available for reference.) PMB 1340 FORWOOD, Charles Rossiter (1826-1890), Family photographs and records, 1849-1977. 1 reel. (Available for

reference.) PMB 1341 RONDAHL, Oscar (1905-1991), New Guinea papers and related family papers, 1918-2000. 1 reel. (Available for

reference.) PMB 1342 MARTIN, Alfred William (1844-1928), Reminiscences of voyages in the Pacific Ocean in the 1860s, c.1890. 1 reel.

(Available for reference.) PMB 1344 CHURCH OF MELANESIA, Diocese of Vanuatu, Bishop Harry Tevi Papers, Santo, 1979-1986. 1 reel. (Restricted

access.) PMB 1345 FOCKEN, Ron (1937-2010), Patrol reports and Administration routine reports, PNG, 1956-1966. 1 reel. (Available

for reference.) PMB Doc 483 TUSITALA (Mai Te Ulu Kalapu Fafine, Tarawa, GEIC) [Women’s Club Newsletter], 1966-1972. 1 reel.

(Available for reference.) PMB Doc 484 VALO (GEIC Information Office, Tarawa), 1965-1974 (gaps). 1 reel. (Available for reference.) PMB Doc 485 TUVALU NEWS SHEET (Broadcasting and Information Division of the Ministry of Home Affairs, Vaiaku,

Funafuti, Tuvalu), 1976-1979. Reels 1-2. (Available for reference.) PMB Doc 487 VANUATU WEEKLY : VANUATU HEBDOMADAIRE (Port Vila), Nos.1-870, 4 Aug 1984-29 Sep 2001. Reels

1-9. (Available for reference.) PMB Doc 488 TAM-TAM (Port Vila), Nos.1-188, 21 May 1980-28 Jun 1984. Reels 1-3. (Available for reference.) PMB Doc 489 LA DÉPÊCHE KANAK, Fonds Djopaïpi, Agence Kanak de Presse, Noumea, édition quotidiènne et édition

internationale Française, 1988-1990. Reels 1-2. (Available for reference.) PMB Doc 490 LA DÉPÊCHE KANAK / THE KANAK DISPATCH, Fonds Djopaïpi, Agence Kanak de Presse, Noumea,

bilingual (French and English) edition, and English edition, 1988-1990. 1 reel. (Available for reference.) PMB Doc 492 FUNAFUTI NATIVE NEWS (District Office, Funafuti, GEIC), 1944-1945. 1 reel. (Available for reference.) PMB Doc 493 HEADQUARTERS INFORMATION NOTES (Office of the Resident Commissioner, Gilbert and Ellice Islands

Colony, Bairiki, Tarawa), Oct 1950-Mar 1961 (gaps). Reels 1-2. (Available for reference.) PMB Doc 495 SIKULEO O TUVALU (Tuvalu Broadcasting and Information Service, Funafuti, Tuvalu), 1983-1991 (gaps). 1

reel. (Available for reference.)

Please contact PMB <pambu@anu.edu.au or refer to the PMB website http://rspas.anu.edu.au/pambu/ for full list of microfilm titles and detailed reel lists. Unrestricted titles are available for purchase from the Bureau.

Microfilm prices are as follows: Pacific Islands, New Zealand & Australia Silver Halide AU$70.00 per reel; Vesicular $AU65.00 per reel, less 20% for independent

Pacific island nations, plus freight, plus GST for sales in Australia Rest of the world Silver Halide US$70.00/reel, plus freight; Vesicular US$65.00/reel, plus freight

PMB microfilms (complete reels) scanned to digital image (PDF) format. Pacific Islands, New Zealand & Australia AU$0.40 per frame, plus $5.00 for the disk, plus postage, plus GST for sales in Australia. Rest of the world US$0.40 per frame, plus US$5.00 for the disk, plus postage.