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PACIFIER VS. CONDOM PLAN YOUR
FAMILY
Population Control/ Policies
China and India together have about 37 % of the worlds population
In 2006 ▪ Chinas population = 1.3 billion ▪ India’s population = 1.1 billion
China fertility rate began declining 2 decades ago
India’s fertility rate start declining more recently
Both countries have reduced their fertility rates through government driven POPULATION CONTROL measures, but China’s approach has been more recently
Population Control
India’s Population Control India’s effort to control the growth of its
population have had only moderate success
India has decreased from 6 children per women to about 3 children per woman
The population growth rate however, has remained almost unchanged Although birth rate has decline, so had
death rate
Continued…
Until 1921, India’s population was relatively stable At this time, population began to
increase as a result of sanitation programs and famine - and epidemic control measures
It population exceeded 1 billion in 2000 and growth continues to the present day
Impact of India’s Population Policies
India’s population policies and programs have gone though 6 phases:
Phase 1: Clinic Approach Clinics encourage family planning through
contraception and sterilization
Phase 2: Target Oriented Sterilization #1 Target numbers for vasectomies and contraceptive
distribution had to be met
Phase 3: Target Oriented Sterilization #2 Vasectomies were the main form of population control
Phase 4: Coercive Approach Force people to do things against their will Family planning was mandatory and families were restricted to 3
children
Phase 5: Backlash and Recovery Major backlash occurred again coercive family planning Mandatory sterilization was dropped in 1977 Emphasis was put on education, voluntary contraception and
child survival programs
Phase 6: Reproductive and Child Health Approach
Adopts heath services aimed at achieving a fertility level of 2.1 children per woman by 2010
These have not been successful everywhere : Partly because they were insensitive to the enormous
cultural, religious and economic differences within the country
India’s TARGET-DRIVEN policies did not focus on sustainable birth rate reductions
Female sterilization is now the most popular method of family planning Although the use of contraceptives has increased, the birth control pill and
IUD are widely mistrusted by women because of its side affects
These methods are used today only by small proportion of India’s Population
There is still need to improve services to deliver these choices to couples
Impact of India’s Population Policies
Gender Gap Impact
One of the significant impacts of India’s population control policies is the gender gap
Gender gap refers to the abnormally high ratio of male births to female
WHAT CAUSES THIS? Indian families prefer males because:▪ Boys remain in the family home after marrying to support
and care for aging parents▪ Boys supply farm labour and work in family businesses▪ They carry about the family name, conduct religious rites
when parents die
The gender gap is widening In the past female infanticide (killing new borns) and
withholding health care resulted in the deaths of girls Mid 1980s- the focus changed to aborting female fetus The number of aborted girls from 1978-1998= 10
million
1994- Indian government passed a law making it illegal for ultrasound operators to tell families gender of fetus The use of ultra sounds to determine gender is still wide
spread
Gender Gap Impact
National Campaigns for Girls
“Save a Girl child” campaign: Introduced to improve the status of women , to encourage
parent to value female children and to highlight achievements of young girls
To enhance the value of girls, the government chose a baby girl as “India’s” billionth baby on May 11, 2000
Some even implemented their own campaigns:
Delhi developed a “Girl Child Protection Scheme”
A study estimated that India has about 882 girls for every 1000 boys.
Consequence= profound
Men wishing to marry have to travel farther from their villages, marry women from differ socio economic groups, and look outside the country
Perhaps the shortage of women will increase women’s status and society will pay more attention to women’s education, economic development and health
Translation:
Why only a boy? Are these not
girls?
Translation:
Tying the tubes of women is now extremely simple.
Laparoscopy is the newest method. The hospital realize you
quickly. The scar is very light
China’s Approach to Population Control
China has an enormous population problem
2006, In spite of drastic efforts to limit population growth, China had 1.3 billion in a land area that is a little smaller than Canada's!
Mid 1950- Communist government of china decided to take dramatic steps to control population growth
China’s Policies on Population Control
The Great Leap Forward (1958-1960) Food production dropped drastically Death rate skyrocketed due to food shortages Population declined for a short period of time
1962 Food supply improved Birth rates and death rates returned to their previous
levels
1966-1976 Little was done to address population growth
One-Child Policy 1970-Present Introduced as a temporary measure to curb population growth A woman who becomes pregnant without permission may face a large
fine or an abortion “Granny police” Sterilization is encouraged and in some cases required Couples who do not follow the one child policy may be shunned by
society 2002- stronger legislation
Population and family planning must proceed with educating women, providing jobs and improving health
Having more than one child is considered a criminal act punishable by a fine
Post 2002- many women are having more children and are facing the fine 2008, there are indications the one-child policy may be revised
Impact of Chinas Population Policies
The policies enacted by the Chinese government at that time, as part of the Great Leap Forward and later on the form of the One-Child policy, has profound effects on the country’s population
Chinese officials claim that the one-child policy has prevented 400 million births
Fertility rate has decreased from 5.8 children per women in 1970 to 1.8 children per woman in 2007
Seems to be effective, but the costs has been great
Issues faced…
Gender gap is increasing
Estimated 3.5 million girls were killed over a 10 year period
Policies to ensure the equality of women and to improve education of girls have been implemented in an effort to rectify the gender imbalance Shortage of women is causing parents to value their female
babies more than in the past
By 2020 40 mill Chinese men will be unable to marry because not enough women will be available
This could lead to kidnapping and trafficking in women
Translation:
Up agricultural production, down
population increase
Translation: One child, prosperous life
Translation:
Its better to marry and
have children at a mature
age
How successful are these policies?
There has been considerable success in both China and India
Both have success bringing in reductions in fertility by using government- driven population-control measures
China’s policies have been more successful than India’s
Creating your own Campaign!
Get back into your original Spaceship groups!
You are now faced with the task of creating a national campaign to raise awareness of population growth and targeting the issue of favoritism of boys
Ensure you have a key message/slogan to get across to your target audience!
You will present this at the end of class