Page i - pmksy.gov.in

District Irrigation Plan of Aizawl District Page i

District Irrigation Plan of Aizawl District Page i

C O N T E N T

Chapters Title Page Nos.

Forward Preparatory report Executive Summary

I Introduction 1 i Background 4 ii Vision 4 Iii Objective 4 Iv Strategy/approach 5 v Methodology 6

Chapter - I General Information of Aizawl District 8 1.1 District Profile 8 1.2 Demography 13 1.3 Biomass and Livestock 13 1.4 Agro-Ecology, Climate, Hydrology and Topography 15 1.5 Soil Profile 38 1.6 Soil Erosion and Runoff status 49 1.7 Land use Pattern 51 1.8 Shifting Cultivation 55 1.9 Geomorphology of Mizoram 60

1.10 Hydro geomorphology and Groundwater Prospects of Mizoram

66

1.11 Geology of Mizoram 68 1.12 LAND IRRIGABILITY CLASSES 72

Chapter - II District Water Profile 75 2.1 Crop water Requirement 75

Chapter - III Water Availability 82 3.1 Surface Water Scenario 82 3.2 Status of surface water availability 82 3.3 Ground Water Management Strategy 57 3.4 Existing type of Irrigation 90

Chapter - IV Water Requirement/Demand 96 4.1 Domestic Water Demand 96 4.2 Crop Water Requirement: 98

4.3 Livestock Water Demand 100 Chapter – V Strategic Action Plan 102

5.1 M Methodology 102

District Irrigation Plan of Aizawl District Page ii

CONTENTS OF TABLES Table

No. Title Page Nos.

1 General description 11

1.1 Set up of Aizawl District 12

1.1.2 Set up of R.D. Blocks in Aizawl District 12

1.1.3 Area, household, population & literacy of Block wise (2011 Census) 12

1.2 Demography of Aizawl District: 13

1.3 Livestock of Aizawl District 14

1.4 Agro-Ecology, Climate, Hydrology and Topography 15

1.4.1 Temperature (0C) of Aizawl district from 2011-2014 19

1.4.2 Annual Rainfall (mm) 10 years in Aizawl district 19

1.4.3 Average relative (%) humidity of Aizawl district 20

1.4.4 Agro-ecological Situation (AES) of the District 22

1.4.5 Description of Agro-climatic Zone 22

1.4.6 Basin of India 26

1.4.7 Classification of Watershed 27

1.4.8 Classification According to Watershed Atlas of India of All India Soil & Land Use Survey, Mizoram 34

1.4.9 District-wise Number of Micro-Watershed and Area in Mizoram 34

1.4.10 Area under different class of Aizawl district, Mizoram 35

1.5 Soil Profile 38

1.5.1 The legend-wise description of the soil series of Aizawl District 39

1.5.2 Soil Classification of Aizawl District 41

1.5.3 Physiography and Soil Survey of Aizawl District 48

1.5.4 Land Capability Class of Aizawl District 49

1.6 The Hydro-Soils classes and statistics 51

1.7 Land use Pattern 52

1.7.1 Land Utilization Statistics (preceding 3 years average) 52

1.7.2 Land Use/Land Cover Statistics of Aizawl District 52

1.7.3 Proposed Land Development Plan for the Aizawl District 53

1.8.1 Areas under jhum from 2007-2012 in Mizoram 56

District Irrigation Plan of Aizawl District Page iii

1.8.2 The area utilized for Jhum Cultivation during last 10 years 58

1.9 Area under Geomorphic unit 66

1.11 General Stratigraphy of Mizoram 68

1.11.1 Area under Rock Types 72

1.12 Interpretation of soil mapping unit into land irrigability classes and statistics 74

2.1 Irrigation Status of Aizawl District 76

2.2 Production and Productivity of Major Crops 78

2.3 Irrigation based Classification 81

3.1 Status of water availability 82

3.2 Ground water potential Zone 84

3.2.1 Ground water level data and Ground water analysis 86

3 .2.2 Standard of water quality IS 10500 86

3.3 Status of Command Area 87

3.4 Existing Type of Irrigation 90

3.5 District-wise Ground Water Availability & Ground Water Extracted 95

3.6 Status of Ground Water Availability 95

4.1 Domestic Water Demand 98

4.2 Crop Water Requirement 100

4.3 Livestock Water Demand 101

4.4 Total Water Demand at Various Sector 101

4.5 Water Budget 101

5.1 Strategic Action Plan for Irrigation in Tlangnuam Block, Aizawl District under PMKSY: Per Drops More Crop (Other Interventions) 104

5.2 Strategic Action Plan for Irrigation in Darlawn Block, Aizawl District under PMKSY: Per Drops More Crop (Other Interventions) 106

5.3 Strategic Action Plan for Irrigation in Aibawk Block, Aizawl District under PMKSY: Per Drops More Crop (Other Interventions) 108

5.4 Strategic Action Plan for Irrigation in Thingsulthliah Block, Aizawl District under PMKSY: Per Drops More Crop (Other Interventions) 110

5.5 Strategic Action Plan for Irrigation in Phullen Block, Aizawl District under PMKSY: Per Drops More Crop (Other Interventions) 112

5.6 Strategic Action for Irrigation in Aibawk Block, Aizawl District under PMKSY (Watershed Development Component) 114

5.7 Strategic Action for Irrigation in Darlawn Block, Aizawl District under PMKSY (Watershed Development Component) 115

5.8 Strategic Action for Irrigation in Thingsulthliah Block, Aizawl District 116

District Irrigation Plan of Aizawl District Page iv

under PMKSY (Watershed Development Component)

5.9 Strategic Action for Irrigation in Tlangnuam Block, Aizawl District under PMKSY (Watershed Development Component) 117

5.10 Strategic Action for Irrigation in Phullen Block, Aizawl District under PMKSY (Watershed Development Component) 118

5.11 District-wise Annual Action Plan of Micro-Irrigation under PMKSY for the District Irrigation Plan (DIP), Aibawk block, Aizawl, District 119

5.12 District-wise Annual Action Plan of Micro-Irrigation under PMKSY for the District Irrigation Plan (DIP), Darlawn block, Aizawl District 120

5.13 District-wise Annual Action Plan of Micro-Irrigation under PMKSY for the District Irrigation Plan (DIP), Thingsulthliah block Aizawl District

121

5.14 District-wise Annual Action Plan of Micro-Irrigation under PMKSY for the District Irrigation Plan (DIP), Phullen block, Aizawl District 122

5.15 District-wise Annual Action Plan of Micro-Irrigation under PMKSY for the District Irrigation Plan (DIP, Tlangnuam block, Aizawl District 123

5.16 Strategic Action Plan of Aizawl District under PMKSY (Har Khet Ko Pani) 124

5.17 Strategic Action Plan of Aizawl District under PMKSY (CAD) 127

5.18 Strategic Action Plan for Irrigation in District under PMKSY & MGNREGA 131

5.19 Budget Details for Proposed Component in the District Irrigation Plan of Aizawl District 134

5.20 Population Census of Aizawl District, Mizoram 135

Annexure – I, Table of collating information 143

District Irrigation Plan of Aizawl District Page v

CONTENTS OF THEMATIC MAP

Table

No. Title

1 Base Map of Map of the State

2 Base map Map of the District

3 Location map Map of the District

4 Water Resources Development Plan Map of the District

5 Ground Water Potential Map of the District

6 Natural Resource Map of the District

7 Land Irrigability Map of the District

8 Land Capability Class Map of the District

9 Landuse/Land Cover Map of the District

10 Slope District

11 Soil District

12 Geomorphological Map of the District

13 Geological Map of the District

14 Office of the District, Sub Division, circle Map of the State

15 Agroclimate Map of the State

16 Basin Map of the State

17 Catchment Map of the State

18 Sub Catchment Map of the State

19 Watershed Map of the State

20 Sub Watershed Map of the State

21 Micro Watershed Map of the State

22 Soil Map of the State

23 Elevation Map of the State

24 Geomorphological Map of the State

25 Geological Map of the State

District Irrigation Plan of Aizawl District Page vi

District Irrigation Plan of Aizawl District Page 1

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION

The major objective of PMKSY is to achieve convergence of investments in

irrigational the field level, expand cultivable area under assured irrigation, improve on-farm water use efficiency to reduce wastage of water, enhance the adoption of precision-irrigation and other water saving technologies (More crop per drop), enhance recharge of aquifers and introduce sustainable water conservation practices by exploring the feasibility of reusing treated municipal waste water for peri-urban agriculture and attract greater private investment in precision irrigation system.

PMKSY has been conceived amalgamating ongoing schemes viz. Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme (AIBP) of the Ministry of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation (MoWR, RD&GR), Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP) of Department of Land Resources (DoLR) and the On Farm Water Management (OFWM) of Department of Agriculture and Cooperation (DAC). The scheme will be implemented by Ministry of Agriculture, Water Resources and Rural Development. Ministry of Rural Development is to mainly undertake rain water conservation, construction of farm pond, water harvesting structures, small check dams and contour bunding etc. MoWR, RD &GR, is to undertake various measures for creation of assured irrigation source, construction of diversion canals, field channels, water diversion/lift irrigation, including development of water distribution systems. Ministry of Agriculture will promote efficient water conveyance and precision water application devices like drips, sprinklers, pivots, rain-guns in the farm “(Jal Sinchan)”, construction of micro-irrigation structures to supplement source creation activities, extension activities for promotion of scientific moisture conservation and agronomic measures Programme architecture of PMKSY will be to adopt a ‘decentralized State level planning and projectised execution’ structure that will allow States to draw up their own irrigation development plans based on District Irrigation Plan (DIP) and State Irrigation Plan (SIP). It will be operative as convergence platform for all water sector activities including drinking water & sanitation, MGNREGA, application of science & technology etc. through comprehensive plan. State Level Sanctioning Committee (SLSC) chaired by the Chief Secretary of the State with the authority to oversee its implementation and sanction of projects.

The programme will be supervised and monitored by an Inter-Ministerial National Steering Committee (NSC) will be constituted under the Chairmanship of Prime Minister with Union Ministers from concerned Ministries. A National Executive Committee (NEC) constituted under the Chairmanship of Vice Chairman, NITI Aayog to oversee programme implementation, allocation of resources, inter ministerial coordination, monitoring & performance assessment, addressing administrative issues etc.


Components and responsible Ministries/Departments

a) AIBP by MoWR, RD &GR To focus on faster completion of ongoing Major and Medium Irrigation including National Projects.

b) PMKSY (Har Khet ko Pani) by MoWR,RD & GR Creation of new water sources through Minor Irrigation (both surface and ground water). Repair, restoration and renovation of water bodies; strengthening carrying capacity of traditional water sources, construction rain water harvesting structures (Jal Sanchay); Command area development, strengthening and creation of distribution network from source to the farm. Improvement in water management and distribution system for water bodies to take advantage of available source, which is not utilised to its fullest capacity (deriving benefits from low hanging fruits). At least 10% of the command area to under micro/precision irrigation. Diversion of water from source of different location where it is plenty to nearby water scarce areas, lift irrigation from water bodies/rivers at lower elevation to supplement requirements beyond IWMP and MGNREGS irrespective of irrigation command. Creation and rejuvenation of traditional water storage systems like Jal Mandir (Gujarat); Khatri, Kuhl (H.P.); Zabo (Nagaland); Eri, Ooranis (T.N.); Dongs (Assam); Katas, Bandhas (Odisha and M.P.) etc. at feasible locations.

c) PMKSY (Watershed) by Dept. of Land Resources, MoRD Water harvesting structures such as check dams, nala bund, farm ponds, tanks etc. Capacity building, entry point activities, ridge area treatment, drainage line treatment, soil and moisture conservation, nursery raising, afforestation, horticulture, pasture development, livelihood activities for the asset-less persons and production system & micro enterprises for small and marginal farmers etc. Effective rainfall management like field bunding, contour bunding/trenching, staggered trenching, land levelling, mulching etc.

d) PMKSY (Per drop more crop) by Dept. of Agriculture & Cooperation, MoA Programme management, preparation of State/District Irrigation Plan, approval of annual action plan, Monitoring etc. Promoting efficient water conveyance and precision water application devices like drips, sprinklers, pivots, rain-guns in the farm (Jal Sinchan) Topping up of input cost particularly under civil construction beyond permissible limit (40%), under MGNREGS for activities like lining inlet, outlet, silt traps distribution system etc.

Construction of micro irrigation structures to supplement source creation activities including tube wells and dug wells (in areas where ground water is available and not under semi critical/critical /over exploited category of development) which are not supported under PMKSY (WR), PMKSY (Watershed) and MGNREGS. Secondary storage structures at tail end of canal system to store water when available in abundance (rainy season) or from perennial sources like streams for use during dry periods through effective on-farm water management Water lifting devices like diesel/electric/solar pump sets including water carriage pipes.


Extension activities for promotion of scientific moisture conservation and agronomic measures including cropping alignment to maximise use of available water including rainfall and minimise irrigation requirement (Jal sarankchan) Capacity building, training for encouraging potential use water source through technological, agronomic and management practices including community irrigation.

Awareness campaign on water saving technologies, practices, programmes etc. organisation of workshops, conferences, publication of booklets, pamphlets, success stories, documentary, advertisements etc. Improved/innovative distribution system like pipe and box outlet system with controlled outlet and other activities of enhancing water use efficiency.

District Irrigation Plans (DIPs)

District Irrigation Plan (DIP) shall be the cornerstone for planning and implementation of PMKSY. DIP will identify the gaps in irrigation infrastructure after taking into consideration the District Agriculture Plans (DAPs) already prepared for Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) vis-à-vis irrigation infrastructure currently available and resources that would be added during XII Plan from other ongoing schemes (both State and Central), like Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme(MGNREGS), Rashtriya Krishi Vikash Yojana (RKVY), Rural Infrastructure Development Fund (RIDF), Member of Parliament Local Area Development (MPLAD) Scheme, Member of Legislative Assembly, Local Area Development (MLALAD) Scheme, Local body funds etc. The gaps indentified under Strategic Research & Extension Plan (SREGP) are be used in preparation of DIP.

DIPs will present holistic irrigation development perspective of the district outlining medium to long term development plans integrating three components viz. water sources, distribution network and water use applications incorporating all usage of water like drinking & domestic use, irrigation and industry. Preparation of DIP will be taken up as joint exercise of all participating departments. DIP will form the compendium of all existing and proposed water resource network system in the district.

The DIPs may be prepared at two levels, the block and the district. Keeping in view the convenience of map preparation and data collection, the work would be primarily done at block level. Block wise irrigation plan is to be prepared depending on the available and potential water resources and water requirement for agriculture sector prioritising the activities based on socio-economic and location specific requirement. In case of planning is made based on basin/sub-basin level, the comprehensive irrigation plan may cover more than one district. The activities identified in the basin/sub-basin plan can be further segregated into district/block level action plans. Use of satellite imagery, topo-sheets and available database may be appropriately utilised for developing irrigation plans at least on pilot basis to begin with and subsequently extended to all projects.


i) Background:

Hon’ble President in his address to the joint Session of the Parliament of 16th Lok Sabha indicated that “Each drop of water is precious. Government is committed to giving high priority to water security. It will complete the long pending irrigation projects on priority and launch the ‘Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana’ with the motto of ‘Har Khet Ko Paani’. There is a need for seriously considering all options including linking of rivers, where feasible; for ensuring optimal use of our water resources to prevent the recurrence of floods and drought. By harnessing rain water through ‘Jal Sanchay’ and ‘Jal Sinchan’, we will nurture water conservation and ground water recharge. Micro irrigation will be to ensure ‘Per drop-More crop’. Out of about 141 m.Ha of net area sown in the country, about 65 million hectare (or 45%) is presently covered under irrigation. Substantial dependency on rainfall makes cultivation in unirrigated areas a high risk, less productive profession. Empirical evidences suggest that assured or protective irrigation encourages farmers to invest more in farming technology and inputs leading to productivity enhancement and increased farm income. The overreaching vision of Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) will be to ensure access to some means of protective irrigation to all agricultural farms in the country, to produce ‘per drop more crop’, thus bringing much desired rural prosperity. ii) Vision: To use the available water resources in the district to the maximum potential in an efficient way catering to the basic needs of every living being and enhancing the livelihoods of rural population to the maximum extent thus alleviating poverty in a sustainable way without compromising the interests of future generations. iii) Objective: The broad objectives of PMKSY will be:-

a) Achieve convergence of investments in irrigation at the field level (preparation of district level and, if required, sub district level water use plans).

b) Enhance the physical access of water on the farm and expand cultivable area

under assured irrigation (Har Khet ko pani).

c) Integration of water source, distribution and its efficient use, to make best use of water through appropriate technologies and practices.

d) Improve on-farm water use efficiency to reduce wastage and increase availability

both in duration and in extent. e) Enhance the adoption of precision-irrigation and other water saving

technologies (more crops per drop).


f) Enhance recharge of aquifers and introduce sustainable water conservation practices.

g) Ensure the integrated development of rainfed areas using the watershed

approach towards soil and water conservation, regeneration of ground water, arresting runoff, providing livelihood options and other NRM activities.

h) Promote extension activities relating to water harvesting, water management

and crop alignment for farmers and grass root level field functionaries.

i) Explore the feasibility of reusing treated municipal wastewater for peri-urban agriculture.

j) Attract greater private investments in irrigation.

This will in turn increase agricultural production and productivity and enhance

farm income. iv) Strategy/approach: To achieve above objectives, PMKSY will strategize by focussing on end-to end solution in irrigation supply chain, viz. water sources, distribution network, efficient farm level applications, extension services on new technologies & information etc. Broadly, PMKSY will focus on:- a) Creation of new water sources; repair, restoration and renovation of defunct

water sources; construction of water harvesting structures, secondary & micro storage, groundwater development, enhancing potentials of traditional water bodies at village level like Jal Mandir (Gujarat); Khatri, Kuhl (H.P.); Zabo (Nagaland); Eri, Ooranis (T.N.); Dongs (Assam); Katas, Bandhas (Odisha and M.P.) etc.

b) Developing/augmenting distribution network where irrigation sources (both

assured and protective) are available or created; c) Promotion of scientific moisture conservation and run off control measures to

improve ground water recharge so as to create opportunities for farmer to access recharged water through shallow tube/dug wells;

d) Promoting efficient water conveyance and field application devices within the

farm viz, underground piping system, Drip & Sprinklers, pivots, rain-guns and other application devices etc.


e) Encouraging community irrigation through registered user groups/farmer producers’ organisations/NGOs.

f) Farmer oriented activities like capacity building, training and exposure visits,

demonstrations, farm schools, skill development in efficient water and crop management practices (crop alignment) including large scale awareness on more crops per drop of water through mass media campaign, exhibitions, field days, and extension activities through short animation films etc.

g) The aforesaid areas only outline the broad contours of PMKSY; combination of

interventions may be required depending on location specific conditions and requirements, which will be identified through District and State Irrigation Plans.

v) Methodology: The preparation of District Irrigation plan is an integration of geospatial technology, Space application technologies and spatial and non-spatial data.

1) Transformation of available thematic information (district provided Gyan data) on to the village level on Bhuvan portal and extract geo-referenced village map data.

2) Integration of thematic layers with socio-economic data for classification of area

into specific composite land units on village level. 3) Preparation of appropriate action plan based on potential of composite land

units and developmental needs of study area is on the basis of available data. 4) Field visit to validate the recommended measures with respect to the ground

situation and requirement of the local people. 5) Finalization of development plans based on field observation.

Available thematic information for preparation for water resource and land

resource development plan.

Land Use/land cover map Groundwater potential map Soil map - depth, texture, erosion and land capability Slope map. High resolution Satellite mage through Bhuvan portal. Lithology. Hydro geomorphology.


Land Irrigability Class map Slope map Agro-climatic zone map Hydro soils map Watershed map Geology & Geomorphology map

Area for development of water resources structure geospatial technology has

been used in this process first identify the area of crop land based on high resolution satellite data and then identify the irrigated area by different source of irrigation methods. To identify the un irrigated area an overlay method is used. District irrigation plan covers the fallowing planning component of the district in sustainable development approach:

Increase in vegetation/biomass in the district. More number of surface water bodies in district. Shift from annual crop to perennial. Increase in the extent of crop area. Improvement in the soil moisture availability. Reclamation of waste lands. Convergence of investments in irrigation at the field level. Enhance the physical access of water on the farm and expand cultivable area

under assured irrigation (Har Khet ko pani) Best use of water through appropriate technologies and practices. Improve on-farm water use efficiency. Enhance the adoption of precision-irrigation and other water saving

technologies (More crops per drop). Enhance recharge of aquifers and introduce sustainable water conservation

practices. Ensure the integrated development of rainfed areas. Promote extension activities relating to water harvesting, water management

and crop alignment for farmers and grass root level field functionaries. Explore the feasibility of reusing treated municipal waste water for peri-urban

agriculture, Attract greater private investments in irrigation.

The overreaching vision of Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY)

will be to ensure access to some means of protective irrigation to all agricultural farms in the country (har khet ko paani) and to produce ‘per drop more crop’, thus bringing much desired rural prosperity.


Chapter – I PROFILE OF AIZAWL DISTRICT

1.1 District Profile:

Aizawl is the most important district of Mizoram is situated between 23°15” 21.25” and 24°15‟ 16.80”N latitude and 92° 15‟44.54” and 92° 40‟39.63”E longitude. Its capital also known as Aizawl which is situated in the central part of the district. It is linked to Silchar (Assam) by NH – 54 covering a distance of about 180 km. The district lacks railway connectivity. However it has air connectivity with Guwahti in Assam and to the metro city of Kolkata. The total geographical area of Aizawl district is 3,576 Sq.km. which is about 16 % of the state area of Mizoram. The district comprises with two agricultural sub-divisions, namely Aizawl HQ and Darlawn. It contains 5 development Blocks namely, Aibawk, Darlawn, Phullen, Thingsulthliah, Tlangnuam and 166 villages. The map of the district is given at figure-1. Total population as per 2011 census is 4,00,309 and are predominantly Schedule Tribes.

The word “Mizo” means highlander. It is believed that the Mizos, the Tibeto-Burmese race, migrated to this region hundreds of years ago. The Lushais are the most predominant tribe besides a few others like Paihte, Lakher, Chakma, Riang, etc. During the British period, Mizoram became a part of the territory of the British India in 1891. After independence of India, Mizoram became a district of Assam. On January 21, 1972 it got the status of union territory and ultimately in 1987 it became the 23rd full-fledged state of the country. Presently Mizoram has eight districts.

The topography in general is undulant with broken mountainous/hilly ranges and between them lies the valley lands suitable for cultivation of field crops. The hills are suited for Horticultural practices where ever the slopes are gentle/moderate. The soils in hills are rich in humus due to forest cover. However, in abandoned jhum lands the situation is reverse. The soil in general is acidic- pH ranging between 4.5 - 6, deficient in base material, medium in organic carbon, low in available phosphorus. The predominant soil taxonomy is Hapludults (Typic and Humic) and Udorthents – wherein moisture retention capacity is very low.

Though the District mainly comprises of hilly terrain there are low lying valley

lands in few pockets, where altitude is rather low having warm and humid climate facilitating paddy cultivation. The altitude ranges between 100 meter to 1,500 meter in the district.

The economy of the district is pre-dominantly agrarian with more than 60% of

the total work force engaged either directly or indirectly in agriculture. However, agriculture still remains under-developed and the primitive practice of Jhum (shifting cultivation) predominates. Both production and productivity are relatively low.




Aizawl District can be categorized under three agro-climatic zones namely, as humid mild tropical, Humid Sub-Tropical hill and Humid Temperate Sub-Alpine. However, Humid Sub-Tropical Hill zone is covering major area in the district which has production potential. There are wide variations in climate condition, a distinct micro-climatic variation exist depending upon the altitude, which sharply differs from place to place. Considering the agro-climatic conditions, the district has feasibility and scope for cultivation of wide variety of crops. The staple food crop is paddy (Rice), maize is secondary. Wide range of fruits, vegetables, Spices, Oilseeds and Pulses are grown. There are plenty of grasslands, wherein livestock rearing is possible due to naturally available fodder. Water harvesting is conveniently done in valleys and lower ridges, which are ideal for “Pisciculture” Irrigation facilities in the forms of river diversion schemes helping in increasing production of various agricultural and horticultural commodities.

Table - 1 General description

1 District Established 2 Head quarter Aizawl town 3 Geographical area 3,576 sq.km

4 Position in relation to longitude and latitude 23°15” 21.25” and 24°15‟ 16.80”N and 92°

15”44.54” and 92° 40”39.63”E 5 Altitude (range) 40m – 1585m

6 Bordering district /state/ country

East- Champhai district, West- Mamit district

North- Assam & Kolasib district North east : Manipur

South- Serchhip district 7 Subdivision 2 (Darlawn & Aizawl)

8 Nos. of R.D. block 5 (Darlawn, Aibawk, Thingsulthliah Tlangnuam & Phullen)

9 Village Council 94 10 Total village 94

Communication

11 Major language Mizo, English, Hindi 12 District is linked by Roadways (NH 44A) 13 Distance from state capital, Aizawl 14 Nearest railway station Silchar

15 Airport Lengpui Airport

16 Important tourist place (Tam Dil)


a) Administrative Set-up

As per the census of 2011 the total population of the district is 4,00,309. The variation in the density as well as the distribution of population is related to the physical, social and economic factors, which are responsible for the characteristics of the population in the district.

Table 1.1 District profile of Aizawl District

Sl. No. Name of District District Code Latitude Longitude

1 Aizawl 283 23°15” 21.25” and 24°15‟ 16.80”N

and 92° 15‟44.54” and 92° 40‟39.63”E

Source: Statistical Handbook, Mizoram-2012

Table 1.1.2 Set up of R.D. Blocks in Aizawl District

R.D. Block Villages (Nos.) Population Household (Nos.) Aibawk 22 17,124 3,445 Darlawn 27 26,078 5,159 Phullen 12 13,292 2,523 Thingsulthliah 23 37,430 6,605 Tlangnuam 10 3,21,211 64,792

Total 94 4,00,309 82,524


Graph: Population and Households in the district.

Table 1.1.3 Area, household, population & literacy of District (2011 census)

Area (sq.km.) Population Total House hold Literacy (%) Male Female

3,576 1,99,270 2,01,039 4,00,309 82,524 97.89


0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

17,12826,048 13,303

11,619

332,211

3,445

5,1592,523 6,605

64,792Population

Households


Aizawl district covers an area of 3,576 Sq.km, which is 16.96 % of the total area of the state. The population density of the district is very highest (112 Nos. per Sq.km.) in comparison to the population density of the state (52 Nos. per Sq.km.). It has 969 male against per 1,000 thousand female population. The district ranks second position in literacy the state (97.89%). 1.2 Demography: Aizawl district covers an area of 3,576 Sq.km, which is 16.96 % of the total area of the state. The population density of the district is very less (112 Nos. per Sq.km.) in comparison to the population density of the state (52 Nos. per Sq.km.). It has 969 male against per 1,000 thousand female population. The district ranks second position in literacy the state (97.89%).

Table.1.2 Demography of Aizawl District:

General Population (As per the 2011 Census)

Sl. N

o.

Rura

l De

velo

pmen

t Bl

ock

Villages

No. o

f Re

venu

e Vi

llage

s

Area

(h

a)

No. o

f GP

s.

Male

Fem

ale

Tota

l

S.C

S.T

In- h

abite

d

Un-in

ha

bite

d

1 Aibawk 22 - 22 61665 22 8758 8370 17128 - 17128 2 Darlawn 27 - 27 103724 28 13377 12671 26048 - 26048 3 Phullen 12 - 22 51492 22 6767 6536 13303 - 13303 4 Thingsulthliah 23 - 23 87390 24 5727 5892 11619 - 11619 5 Tlangnuam 10 - 10 53244 92 164641 167570 332211 627 331584

TOTAL 94 94 357515 188 199270 201039 400309 627 399682

Source: Statistical Handbook, Mizoram-2012 1.3 Biomass and Livestock

Water plays an important role in livestock productivity. Livestock productivity in pastoral areas depends greatly on the availability of water. There are several factors, which determine water balance, water turnover and functions of the animal. Assessment of livestock and water requirement is helpful in modelling water and livestock relationships. The demand for meat, dairy products and eggs rises faster than the demand for crops; thus both scenarios call for livestock production to increase relatively more rapidly than crops. The world livestock system is broadly divided into pastoral grazing, mixed farming and industrial system (Sere and Seinfeld, 1996). Estimate of the current demand of 1.7 billion tons of cereals and 206 million tons of meat in developing countries could rise by 2020 to 2.5 to 2.8 billion tons of cereals and to 310 million tons of meat (IFPRI, 2000). Water is used by the herbivore as a medium for physical and


chemical energy transfer, namely for evaporative cooling and intermediary metabolism (Konandreas and Anderson; King 1983, Kirda and Riechardt, 1986). Livestock and poultry water consumption depend on a number of physiological and environmental conditions such as:

Type and size of animal or bird Physiological state (lactating, pregnant or growing) Activity level Type of diet-dry hay, silage or lush pasture Temperature-hot summer days above 25°C can sometimes double the water

consumption of animals. Water quality – palatability and salt content

In the below table the demand of water for large animals is shown and all the

figures are taken from the Livestock Census of India.

Table 1.3 Livestock of Aizawl District

Nam

e of t

he

Bloc

k

Small Animals Large Animals

Any o

ther

Milc

h or

Mea

t ani

mal

Draf

t Ani

mal

(Buf

falo

/Yak

/Bul

ls/A

ny o

ther

(N

os.)

Gran

d To

tal

Poul

try N

o.

Duck

No.

Pig

No.

Goat

No.

Shee

p No

.

Indi

geno

us

Cow

No.

Hybr

id C

ow

No.

In-D

escr

iptiv

e bu

ffalo

No.

Hybr

id

Buffa

lo N

o.

Tlangnuam 292387 71768 1325 199 4936 370615 Aibawk 15075 284 3700 68 12 241 254 75 101 19810 Darlawn 22925 2 5627 104 10 163 387 78 40 29336 Thingsulthliah 10226 64 2510 46 10 228 173 77 60 13394 Phullen 11708 2 2874 53 8 132 198 82 80 15137

Total 352321 352 86479 1596 40 963 5948 312 281 448292

Source: Livestock Census of India, 2011


1.4 Agro-Ecology, Climate, Hydrology and Topography

Name of the State : Mizoram Name of District : Aizawl Bl

ock

Agro

-Eco

logica

l zon

e typ

e

Type

of T

erra

in

Bloc

k are

a (Ha

)

Norm

al an

nual

Rainf

all (m

m)

Aver

age M

onthl

y rain

fall (m

m)

No of

Rain

y day

s (no

.)

Maximum Rainfall Intensity (mm) Average weekly temperature ( 0C) Potential evapo-transpiration

(PET) Elevation

Upto

15 m

in

Beyo

nd 15

but u

pto 30

min

Beyo

nd 30

but u

pto 60

min Period Period

Cumu

lative

total

Min

Max

Mean

Summer (April-May)

Winter (Oct-Mar)

Rainy (June-Sept)

Summ

er

Wint

er

Rainy

Sea

son

Min

Max

Mean

Min

Max

Mean

Min

Max

Mean

Tlangnuam

II & III

hilly

5324

4

1972

114.3

3

126

16.1 34

25.7

11.67

29

20

21

34

28

9.42 6 16

31.95

Aibawk

II & III

hilly

6166

5

1986

.4

139.5

3

129

16.3 35

25.7

11.60

29

20

21

34

28

9.48 6 16

31.94

Darlawn

II & III

hilly

1037

24

1988

.1

125.0

1

136

16.2 35

25.7

11.66

29

20

21

34

28

9.44 6 16

31.98

Thingsulthliah

II & III

hilly

8739

0

1932

.1

117.3

3

121

16

.5 34

25.7

11.65

29

20

21

34

28

9.46 6 16

31.93

Phullen

II & III

hilly

5149

2

1988

.1

125.0

1

136

16.6 35

25.7

11.61

29

20

21

34

28

9.47 6 16

31.92

Source: Agriculture Statistical Abstract 2014-15, Dept of Agriculture


i) AGRO-CLIMATIC ZONES: Based on the rainfall, temperature, terrain and soil characteristics, the state of

Mizoram has been delineated into the following three Agro-Climatic zones.

1) Humid Mild Tropical, 2) Humid Sub-Tropical Hill and 3) Humid Temperate Sub-Alpine

A. Climate

Climate is the aggregate of all atmospheric or meteorological influences such as moisture, wind pressure, temperature and evaporation. Climate is one of the most important factors of the geographical environment to which man is subjected and man’s activities like agriculture, forestry, supply of water, industry, etc.

The climate of Mizoram is controlled by its location, physiographic, pressure regime in the North West India and Bay of Bengal, warm and moist maritime tropical air masses from the Bay of Bengal, Local Mountain and valley winds. Overall its climate is tropical monsoon type. As the Aizawl district lies in the North part of the state, it enjoys a moderate climate owing to its tropical climate. It falls under the direct influence of the South West Monsoon. As such the area receives an adequate amount of rainfall which is responsible for a humid tropical climate characterized by short winter and long summer with heavy rainfall. In general the climate of the district is sub-tropical and humid type.

B. Season

Based on the variation in temperature, rainfall, humidity and other general

weather conditions, four different types of seasons are observed for the district. They are as follows:

a) The cold or winter season (Thlasik)

Winter season starts from the month of December to first half of February. This is the coldest season of the year. During this period rainfall is much less as compare to other seasons, and whatever amount rainfall received is originated from North East Monsoon, generally known as the retreating monsoon. This season is very pleasant with clear blue sky in the absence covering and all the people of Mizoram are in festive mood since the most celebrated festival ‘Christmas’ occurs during this season.



b) Spring season (Thal)

Spring season is the shortest season of the year. It starts from the second half of the February to the first half of March. Temperature is mild during this period and the sky is clear and the Mizo people accustomed to build new houses during this season as there are no weather disturbances during the period.

c) Summer season/Rainy season (Nipui/Fur)

Summer season or rainy season is the longest season covering about seven

months starting from the second half of March till the first half of October. The early part of this season i.e. from second half of March till First half of May is characterized by bright sunshine and clear sky with little or no cloud till it is disrupted by the coming of Monsoon showers. The warmest months, i.e. June and July, prevails during this period and maximum insolation is received during the early part of this season.

A study from the daily rainfall records reveals that the heavy outpour generally

starts from the second quarter of May and this heavy outpour is usually subsides in the first quarter of October. Rainfall during May, June, July, August & September i.e. 5 months alone contributed 76% of the total annual rainfall. This is the season when the cyclonic rains are often felt. The temperature remains high, but is kept down to a considerable extent by the usual rains.

d) Autumn season (Favang)

Autumn season covers for a period generally starting from the second part of

October to November. The season is very pleasant and the summer rain already diminished. This is the season the Mizos are longing for since they have no undone jobs in their jhum fields, just waiting for the ripening of their paddies. People are in festive moods. During this time one of Mizo festivals called ‘Mim Kut’ was used to be celebrated. But now what we called ‘Thalfavang Kut’ takes the name instead and is celebrated with joy. C. Temperature

Temperature of Aizawl district does not fluctuate much. The average maximum and minimum temperature of the district is 35oC and 5.30oC, respectively. The highest temperature was recorded on 6th May 2004 and it was 35.60oC. On an average July and August was recorded to be the warmest months with mean maximum temperature 27.50oC and mean minimum temperature 20.40oC.


Table 1.4.1 Temperature (0C) of Aizawl district from 2010-2013

Months 2010 2011 2012 2013 Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min

January 20.22 6.16 21.56 5.72 24.56 5.9 22.11 5.91 February 23.38 7.54 22.45 5.97 30.13 6.11 25.29 6.53 March 30.84 13.53 30.56 11.62 32.88 10.6 31.41 11.92 April 31.20 15.45 32.29 15.11 33.23 14.65 32.24 15.07 May 32.92 16.75 34.32 18.17 34.67 18.54 33.96 17.80 June 32.68 19.40 33.44 19.53 32.71 20.62 32.92 19.85 July 32.83 22.046 32.57 21.45 33.87 21.66 33.08 21.72 August 32.56 22.59 33.59 22.19 32.33 21.83 32.81 22.20 September 34.22 21.48 32.14 21.42 30.87 21.65 32.41 21.52 October 32.55 17.87 30.17 18.45 29.42 17.22 30.71 17.85 November 30.23 13.55 28.41 10.37 29.47 12.28 29.37 12.07 December 26.58 6.13 26.60 9.33 26.60 6.04 26.59 7.17 Source: Statistical Abstract, 2012-2013, Dept. of Agriculture (Crop Husbandry), Govt. of Mizoram.

D. Rainfall

Aizawl district receives adequate amount of rainfall during the monsoon season

as it comes under the direct influence of South West Monsoon and it received 2781 mm average rainfall during 2010. The rainfall data shows that the heavy rainfall starts from the second part of May to the first part of October. In the last five years, the highest rainfall was recorded for the month June of 2012 (683 mm). Intensive rainfall occurs in certain pockets of the district. Often hailstorm occurs during April and May.

Table 1.4.2 Annual Rainfall (mm) 10 years in Aizawl district

Year Rainfall (mm) 2003 2561 2004 2502 2005 1390 2006 1744 2007 2990 2008 2054 2009 1493 2010 2494 2011 1953 2012 2163

Source: Statistical Abstract, 2012-2013, Dept. of Agriculture (Crop Husbandry), Govt. of Mizoram.


Graph : Annual Rainfall (mm) 10 years in Aizawl district E. Relative Humidity:

Relative humidity is the ratio of moisture content in the air to the moisture holding capacity of the same air and it is directly related to the rate of evaporation. Of the various components of atmosphere, moisture constitutes from nearly zero to about 4 percent by volume. Humidity plays a very important role in the heat budget as well as day to day weather changes. During these years the highest relative humidity (84.80%) was found for the month of June 2010.

Table 1.4.3 Average relative (%) humidity of Aizawl district:

Months 2010 2011 2012 Average January 79.6 71.4 70.1 73.70 February 85.5 59.4 60.3 68.40 March 82.8 57.5 59.2 66.50 April 74.2 58.4 56.7 63.10 May 64.1 71.7 72.5 69.43 June 73.6 73.6 75.3 74.17 July 82.1 82.1 82.8 82.33 August 69.5 69.5 81.4 73.47 September 71.2 82.8 79.6 77.87 October 80.9 77.2 80.5 79.53 November 70.5 69.7 74.5 71.57 December 69.3 69.1 68.1 68.83

Average 75.28 70.20 71.75 72.41 Source: Statistical Abstract, 2012-2013, Dept. of Agriculture (Crop Husbandry), Govt. of Mizoram.

2561 2502

1390

1744

2990

2054

1493

2494

19532163

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Annual Rainfall (mm) for the last 10 years in Aizawl district

Rainfall in mm


Graph : Average relative (%) humidity of Aizawl district

F. WIND

The monsoon wind is the most important wind that prevails in Mizoram. During summer, the sub-tropical high pressure belt and the thermal equator are displaced northward in response to the changing pattern of solar heating of the earth. From the ocean, particularly from the north Indian Ocean or Bay of Bengal, they move towards the land mass and blow over the Asian continent. This south-west monsoon reaches Mizoram during second half of May and prevails up to the first half of October. The summer monsoon is characterized by highly variable weather with frequent spells of drought and heavy rains. Besides this, winter monsoon also prevails which is a gentle drift of air in which the winds generally blow from the north east. This retreating monsoon cause sporadic rainfall especially in Mizoram and other north eastern states producing sometimes heavy cyclonic rains.

As evidence from the earlier records, Mizoram state is vulnerable to impact of

tropical cyclone which develop in North Indian Ocean (Bay of Bengal), and the cyclones of the Post Monsoon season (October to December) are more intense than those of Pre-Monsoon season (April & May). Cyclones are associated with strong winds, torrential rains and storm. Though the impact has not yet been devastating, it has often led to loss of properties and even lives. The impact of cyclone has often led to damages to houses, power line cut-off, blockage of road, damages to crops and plantations, loss of live stocks, etc. Generally these winds come from the north western part of the state as the winds originate from the Bay of Bengal. According to the statistical reports on Vulnerability Analysis of Mizoram conducted by State Remote Sensing Centre, Mizoram,

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

2010

2011

2012

Average


out of the fifty two villages/wards, eleven (21.15%) villages/wards are classified under high vulnerable class, eighteen (34.62%) villages/wards under medium vulnerability class and twenty three (44.23%) villages/wards under low vulnerable class.

G. Agro –ecological Situation of the district:

Aizawl district is situated at an altitude ranging from 500m – 1889m above mean

sea level with an average annual rainfall of 6676.2mm and temperature ranging from 4°C -34°C. The Agro-climatic Zones and Agro-ecological Situation (AES) of the District is given below:-

Table 1.4.4 Agro-ecological Situation (AES) of the District

Sl. No.

Agro-Ecological Situation Characteristics

1 AES - I The altitude ranges from 500 - 900 m. Soil type: Very deep, dark brown to dark yellowish brown, mottles of low chroma, strongly acidic

2 AES – II The altitude ranges from 900 - 1373 m. Soil type: Deep to very deep, dark yellowish brown, clay loam, strongly acidic

3 AES – III The altitude ranges from 1373 - 1889 m. Soil type: Deep, dark brown to dark yellowish brown, sandy clay surface, medium to strongly acidic

Table 1.4.5 Description of Agro-climatic Zone

Sl. No. Agro-climatic Zone Characteristics

1 Temperate sub-alpine zone

The altitude ranges from 1373 - 1889 m. The average temperature ranges from 4°C – 28°C and annual rainfall average is 2521.8 mm.

2 Sub-tropical Hill zone

The altitude ranges from 900- 1373 m. The average temperature ranges from 11°C – 32°C and annual rainfall average is 2521.8 mm.

3 Mild-tropical Hill zone

The altitude ranges from 500 - 900 m. The average temperature ranges from 15°C – 34°C and annual rainfall average is 2521.8 mm.

ii) Hydrology (Drainage system) Aizawl district is drained by north flowing rivers like Tlawng, Tuirial, Tuirini, Tuivawl and Tuivai rivers and only the southern tip of the district is drained by the south flowing river of Mat. Besides these, there are a good number of streams and rivulets of various patterns and length. Most of these streams and rivulets are ephemeral in nature. Since the drainage system for a particular area is governed mainly by the natural drainage course and topography, therefore the drainage system of Aizawl district has been studied with the help of satellite imageries and the survey of India topographical maps. And it is found that most of the drainage patterns and the topography is young and the soils are highly erosional in character. The district capital as well as state capital- Aizawl city lies between the two most important rivers of the district i.e. Tlawng and Tuirial rivers.


The drainage system of Aizawl district as a whole is said to be dendritic to Sub-dendritic in nature and the streams are youthful stage with deep courses. The topography is young and its soils do not show much diversity. They are highly erosional in character. As mentioned above the main drainage lines or rivers are of north flowing and are discussed one by one below:- a) Tlawng Drainage System

Tlawng river is one of the most important rivers of Mizoram and it is the longest river in Mizoram and it passes through five districts of the state forming district boundary lines while running along its course. Here also it formed a district boundary line between Aizawl and Mamit district in the south western part of the state. It is navigable by small boat throughout the year and hence it provides water transport route with neighboring state of Assam. Important tributaries of Tlawng river from the Aizawl district are Lau Lui, Changte Lui, Ser Lui ‘A’, tuikual Lui, Kurung Lui and Dur Lui before it enters to Kolasib district. The drainage system as a whole is elongated in north to south direction showing angulated; dendritic to sub-dendritic drainage patterns and even sub-parallel drainage patterns are seen on the western flanks of Tanhril village. Among these tributaries Changte Lui and Lau Lui have created fluvial flood plains making the areas suitable for agricultural and horticultural development for the local inhabitants.

b) Tuirial Drainage System Tuirial river originates from North Chawilung hill within the district and flows

northward throughout the whole length of the district till it enters Cachar district of Assam. It is an important river for the district as well as for the state of Mizoram since it is navigable by small boat to a considerable length and on this river a multipurpose hydro-electricity project is being under construction. It also formed the district boundary with Kolasib district in the west and north-western side. It has many important tributaries and in the southern part of the river Tuirivang, Tuinghaleng, Suanghuan Lui and Chite Lui are the most important perennial streams that confluence to it. In the middle course of the river, streams like Tuipawl Lui, Sihphir Lui on the left bank and Tuirini, Tuiphu, Tuitung and Tuitla on the right bank are the important ones. Among these Tuirini is the biggest tributary which is of 5th in streams order. In the north the main tributaries from the right bank like Tuisual Lui, Mairang Lui, Chengkawl Lui and Maitai Lui are the notable ones. The drainage system as a whole is elongated in north to south direction showing angulated; dendritic to sub-dendritic drainage patterns.


c) Tuivawl Drainage System Tuivawl river originates from Rullam tlang at a height of 1,590m above mean sea

level near Rullam village and flows northward till it confluences to Tuivai river in the north. It formed a district boundary with Champhai district in the eastern side of the district up to a considerable length and then flows through the north-eastern part of the district. Tuivawl river does not create much fluvial flood plain along its course except a few narrow valley fills. The river is of 6th in stream order and it is utilized for fishing ground for the nearby inhabitants. Its main tributaries within the district are Ralzawh Lui, Thang Lui, Puantawm Lui, Tuichhiahlian Lui, Tuiraih Lui, Tuituai Lui, Aier Lui, Siktui Lui and Lozal Lui. The drainage system as a whole is elongated in north to south direction showing angulated; dendritic to sub-dendritic drainage patterns.

d) Tuivai Drainage System

Tuivai river is the largest river that passes through and along the district of Aizawl by volume. It originates from Manipur state in the north east of Mizoram and it forms a state boundary line between the two states for a considerable length and then after entering Mizoram it forms again district boundary line between Aizawl and Champhai districts. Again this river made a U-turn towards north and then again it form state boundary line with Manipur and after that it flows westwards and then northwards till it confluence to Tuiruang (Barak) river in the north. Tuiruang river flows towards north forming state boundary line again till it enters into Manipur state. Tuivai river has many important tributaries which have fluvial flood plains along their courses, such as Tuiphal Lui, Tuiriza Lui, Tuitun Lui etc. in the southern part of the watershed and in the northern part Rahnam Lui, Luak Lui, Zilthaw Lui, Sumlung Lui and Rungdung Lui are the notable ones where agricultural development is seen here and there. These tributaries highlighted dendritic to sub-dendritic drainage patterns. The drainage map of the study area is given in Fig. 4.1 where the drainage patterns of the study area can be observed and the perennial nad non-perennial streams are also shown. The total length of perennial streams and non-perennial streams are 30,44,676.06 Km and 99,90,229.47 Km respectively.

e) SPRINGS/TUIKHUR A good number of springs/waterholes are identified at various places of the

district especially near the settlements. The location of these springs/waterholes are studied aspect-wise and it is identified that the eastern aspects yield more springs/waterholes as compare to the western flanks for the whole hill ranges. This is due to the fact that eastern aspects are generally deep slopes. Generally the springs located within or near the periphery of settlement area are utilized


for tapping drinking water. The total number of springs observed is 60 in number and that of Tuikhur/waterholes in the district is found to be as many as 356 and the total number of working. Hand pumps found during the field visits is found to be as many as 88 numbers. The locations of this spring’s/Tuikhur are plotted and are shown in the drainage map of the study area

iii) Watershed Management:

Proper watershed management is based upon the efficient utilization of natural

resources for the welfare of the people as a whole. As discussed earlier, most of the cultivable areas have been degraded mainly due to improper land use pattern, shifting cultivation and unlimited and irregular felling of trees. Land use classification may be important to identify each and every watershed for proper management. Accordingly, plans should be made for each watershed to obtain efficient utilization in a sustained manner.

a) Watershed: Recognizing the importance

of management of soil and water resources in the country following the natural system, the department of Agriculture and Cooperation developed the delineation and codification system and “Watershed Atlas of India” has been published (Anon, 1990). The atlas has been devised based on the drainage map on 1:1 million scale following stream hierarchy where the whole country has been divided into six River Resource Region, 35 Basin, 112 Catchments, 550 Sub catchments and 3257 Watersheds. The codification has been made in a simplistic manner following alphanumeric system.

A watershed can be symbolized as 1A2B3 where “1” stands for River

Resource Region, “A” designates the Basin in that river resource region, “2” indicates the Catchment within the basin, “B” indicates Sub catchment and “3” stands for the watershed number in the sequence of stream hierarchy.

The watershed approach has been accepted as a major theme for

development of rainfed areas with a view to conserving natural resources of water, soil and vegetation by mobilizing social capital. It is in this context, the watersheds of the state have been identified.


b) Definition of Watershed:

The term ‘Watershed’ strictly refers to divide/separating one drainage basin from another.

The land area from which water drains to a given point is a watershed.

It is a self-defended area, which does not allow any water from outside the catchments to enter into it, and allows its water to discharge to a common point in a stream, rivulet or river. In other words, a watershed or catchments must have a ridge outer area of the watershed around it and also from the inner area of the watershed itself.

A watershed is a natural hydrological entity in its technical sense. Hydrologically, a watershed could be defined as an area the runoff from which drains through a particular point on the drainage system. It is an aerial expanse of land surface from which the run-off flows through a defined drain, channel, stream or river. On reaching the land, a part of the rain water that does not evaporate or percolate into the soil, drains into ditches, streams or lakes.

The AISLUS organization of the departments of agriculture and co-

operation has been engaged in conducting rapid reconnaissance surveys for prioritization of smaller Hydrologic units within catchment areas of river valley projects and flood prone rivers. it has developed a system for delineating and codifying the catchment areas into smaller Hydrologic units i.e. sub watersheds following the 4 stage delineation. Through the methodology developed has been serving the requirement of prioritization, a need for national level framework of watersheds, was always felt by the user agencies. The present bulletin on watershed atlas of India is an endeavour in that direction wherein the entire country has been divided into Watershed is a natural hydrologic entity governed by the terrain topography from where runoff is drained to a point. The term watershed is a general phenomenon thus its size and area depends on the scale of the base map used for delineation and codification.

Table 1.4.6 Basin of India

- 6 Major Water Resources Region, - 35 River Basin, - 112 Catchments, - 500 Sub-catchments, - 3237 Watersheds following a 5 stage delineation approach.


Sl. No.

Basin Code Basin Name Area (sq.km)

1 1A Sutlej 53,108 2 1B Beas 20,187 3 1C Ravi 13,626 4 1D Chenab 29,945 5 1E Jhelum 29,513 6 1F Indus 1,38,613 7 1G Ephemeral incipient drainge not flowing into Indus 28,676 8 2A Lower Ganges 2,96,614 9 2B Upper Ganges above confluence with Ghaghra 2,07,557

10 2C Yamuna 2,12,829 11 2D Chambal 1,36,593 12 3A Brahmaputra right bank upto Lohit confluence 1,05,416 13 3B Left bank ok of Brahmaputra 1,07,133 14 3C Brahmaputra tributaries that flow into Bangladesh 56,093 15 3D Eastern parts Manipur and Mizoram draining into Chidwim(Burma) 28,320 16 4A Cape Comorin to Cauvery 37,564 17 4B Cauvery 84,654 18 4C Between Cauvey and Krishna 1,43,845 19 4D Krishna 2,71,444 20 4E Godavari 3,15,076 21 4F Between Godavari and Mahanadi 53,949 22 4G Mahanadi 1,41,875 23 4H Mahanadi to Ganges water resource region 84,326 24 5A Cape Comorin to Sheravati 54,771 25 5B Sharavati to Tapi 58,146 26 5C Tapi 66,652 27 5D Narmada 95,879 28 5E Mahi 39,712 29 5F Sabarmati 26,967 30 5G Southern Kathiawar 39,322 31 5H Draining into gulf of Kutch 58,257 32 6A Luni and other drainage into Rann of Kutch 92,518 33 6B From luni to Jaisalmer 58,489 34 6C Jaisalmer and Bikaner 69,697 35 6D Rohtali to Ambala on east and Ganganagar in west 52,582

Various steps involved in delineation of watersheds at micro level are illustrated

and is given below:-

Table 1.4.7 Classification of Watershed

Sl. No. Category of Hydrologic Units Example of Code Size Range (ha)

1 Region 2 270,00,000 - 1130,00,000 2 Basins A 30,00,000 - 300,00,000 3 Catchments 1 10,00,000 - 50,00,000 4 Sub catchments A 200,000 - 10,00,000 5 Watersheds 2 20,000 - 300,000 6 Sub watersheds a 3,000 - 5,000 7 Mini Watershed 2 1000 - 3000 8 Micro watersheds a 500 - 1000








Table 1.4.8 Classification According to Watershed Atlas of India of All India Soil & Land use Survey, Mizoram.

Sl. No. Name Code Numbers

1 Region 3 1 2 Basin 3C 2 3 Catchment 3C2 3 4 Sub Catchment 3d1b 7 5 Watershed 3c2b4 34 6 Sub – Watershed 3c2b2a 128 7 Mini Watershed 3c2b2a1 936 8 Micro Watershed 3c2b2a1a 3440

Table 1.4.9 District wise Number of Micro Watershed and Area in Mizoram.

Sl. No. District Nos. of Micro

Watershed Area (in Ha.) 1 Aizawl 580 3,57,631 2 Lunglei 769 4,53,800 3 Saiha 221 1,39,990 4 Champhai 553 3,16,583 5 Kolasib 283 1,38,251 6 Serchhip 317 1,42,160 7 Lawngtlai 319 2,55,710 8 Mamit 398 3,02,575

Total 3,440 21,08,700

iv) Topography Aizawl District is characterized by many hill ridges running parallel to each other, most of which roughly runs from north to south. Hill ridges in the study area include many hill tops, several of which occupy prominent locations. It can be assumed that a main hill ridge that runs north to south from the more or less middle of the district divides the study area into a roughly hill eastern side and a rather smooth flat western plain. The middle hill ridge gently stars its descent from the mid-section and tappers gradually towards the north while in abruptly joins with the other hill ridges in the south forming many other minor small ridges and valleys. The eastern side of the district consists of a rather rugged hill ridges running almost parallel to each other and they sandwiches many narrow valleys and small streams. Narrow valleys separate some of the hill ridges and few of which have gentle to steep slopes. The hill side slopes are mostly gentle to steep and escarpment are also visible in innumerable places of the study area. The slope of the area has been conveniently divided into nine (9) slope facets as per the table given in table below.


Slope having 0 to 3% slope covers a total area of 22.93 Sq.km. constituting to 0.64% slope of the total area. Slope having 3-10% slope covers a total area of 2.72 Sq.km. constituting to 0.08% slope of the total area. Slope having 10 to 15% slopes covers a total area of 5.90 Sq.km. constituting to 0.17% slope of the total area. Slopes having 15 to 25% slopes cover a total area of 119.35 Sq.km. constituting to 3.34% slope of the total area. Slopes having 25 to 35% slope covers a total area of 341.20 Sq.km. constituting to 9.54% slope of the total area. Slopes having 35 to 50% slope covers a large area of 1370.70 Sq.km. constituting to 38.33% slope of the total area. Slope designated as 50 to 70% slope covers a large area of 251.21 Sq.km. constituting to 18.17% slope of the total area. Slopes having 70 to 100% slope covers an area of 450.35 Sq.km. constituting to 12.59% slope of the total area. Slope having more than 100% slopes covers a rather small area of 98.40 Sq.km. which constitute to 2.75% slope of the total area.

There are numerous low lying valleys which are predominantly occupied for

Wetland Rice Cultivation (WRC) including many other minor unmappable scattering narrow valleys identified as potential area for WRC which constitute to about 9.08% of the total area. Many of these areas are forested areas and in few of these places the natural resources are not being tapped still now as they are inaccessible.

Table 1.4.10 Area under different Slope class of Aizawl district, Mizoram

Sl. No. Slope % Slope Category

AIZAWL Area

(in Sq.Km.) %

1 0 - 3 Nearly level to very gently sloping 22.93 0.64 2 3 - 10 Gently sloping to moderately sloping 2.72 0.08 3 10 - 15 Strongly sloping 5.90 0.17 4 15 - 25 Moderately steep to steep 119.35 3.34 5 25 - 35 Steep 341.20 9.54 6 35 - 50 Very Steep 1370.70 38.33 7 50 - 70

Very Very Steep 1164.75 32.57

8 70 - 100 450.35 12.59 9 >100 Very Steep to escarpment 98.40 2.75

Total 3,576.31 100 Source: Statistical Abstract, 2012-2013, Dept. of Agriculture (Crop Husbandry), Govt. of Mizoram.




1.5 Soil Profile Table 1.5 Soil Profile

Name of Block

Soil Type Land Slope

Major Soil Classes Area (ha)

0-3% (ha)

3-8 % (ha)

8-25% (ha) >25% (ha)

Tlangnuam

Order: Ultisols, Sub-Order: Udults, Very deep, dark brown to dark yellowish brown, strongly acidic, sandy clay loam, well drained, hill side slopes, moderate severe erosion, cutans are formed, Loamy skeletal, mixed, Hyperthermic, Typic Hapludults

53244 21 6038 47206

Aibawk

Sub-Order: Ochrepts, Very deep, dark brown to dark yellowish brown, clay loam surface and clay sub-surface, strongly acidic, poorly drained, broad and narrow valley, slight erosion, fine loamt, Mixed, Hyperthemic, Aquic Dystrochrepts

61665 355 699 2245 59420

Thingsulthliah

Sub-Order: Ochrepts, Deep to very deep, dark grayish brown to gray, clay loam, slightly acid to medium acid, well drained, hill side slopes, moderate to severe erosion, fine loamy, Mixed, Hyperthemic, Typic Dystrochrepts

87390 Nil 250 5997 81393

Darlawn

Order: Inceptisols, Sub-Order: Aquepts. Clayey, Mixed, Hyperthermic, Very deep, very dark grey to grayish brown, clay to clay loam, medium to strongly acidic, narrow and broad valley, poorly drained, slight erosion, Fine loamy, Humic Epiaquepts

103724 144 1300 25975 77749

Phullen

Sub-Order: Ochrepts, Deep to very deep, dark grayish brown to gray, clay loam, slightly acid to medium acid, well drained, hill side slopes, moderate to severe erosion, fine loamy, Mixed, Hyperthemic, Typic Dystrochrepts

51492 122 1150 11254 40238

i) SOILS

Soil is the product of interaction between parent materials, climate and biotic factors as modified by the terrain conditions and the duration over which the interaction has been going on. Any variation in the intensity of any of these influencing factors results into different kinds of soils.

The rocks of this area are generally sandstone and shale; the derived soils are mostly red and yellow loamy. The soil is acidic in nature due to heavy rainfall. It contains a high amount of organic carbon and is high in available nitrogen, low in phosphorous and potassium content. The area experiences warm humid sub-tropical climate. It is under the direct influence of monsoon. The average annual rainfall from 1986 to 2005 is 2,797mm. On the basis of rainfall and humidity, the soil moisture regime is classified as Udic. It is observed that the mean summer temperature (June to August) is 24.56˚C and mean winter temperature (December to February) is 18.00˚C and their difference is 6.56˚C which exceeds 5˚C and the soil quality for Hyperthermic temperature class to be used as family modifiers.


ii) Soil Classification

Classifications of soils of the area have been done according to soil taxonomy (USDA 1994) on the basis of their physio-chemical and morphological properties. The soils found at order level are:-

1) Entisols, 2) Inceptisols and 3) Ultisols.

Table 1.5.1 The legend-wise description of the soil series of Aizawl district are given below:

Map Symbol

Soil Series/ Association Description

1 Sialsuk Deep to very deep, dark yellowish brown to yellowish brown, clay loam, well drained, strongly acidic, hill side slope and hill top/crest, moderate to severe erosion. Loamy Skeletal, Mixed, Hyperthermic, Typic Dystrochrepts.

Vervek Deep, dark yellowish brown to yellowish brown, clay loam, well drained, strongly acidic, hill top/crest, moderate to severe erosion. Loamy Skeletal, Mixed, Hyperthermic, Typic Udorthents.

Thingsulthliah Very deep, dark yellowish to brownish yellow, strongly acidic, sandy clay loam surface and clay loam to clay sub-surface, well drained, hill side slopes and hill crest/top, moderate to severe erosion, cutans are formed. Loamy Skeletal, Mixed, Hyperthermic, Typic Hupludults.

2 Khawlian Very deep, dark yellowish brown to strong brown, sandy clay to clay sub-surface, very strongly acidic, well drained, hill side slopes, moderate to severe erosion, cutans are formed Clayey, Mixed, Hyperthermic, Typic Hapludults

Aibawk Very deep, dark yellowish brown to strong brown, clay loam, very strongly acidic, well drained, hill side slopes, moderate to severe erosion. Fine Loamy, Mixed, Hyperthermic, Typic Dystrochrepts.

Sihphir Very deep, dark yellowish brown, sandy clay loam to clay, medium to strongly acidic, well drained, hill side slope, moderate to severe erosion, cutans are formed. Fine Loamy, Mixed, Hyperthermic, Typic Hapludults.

3 Aibawk As described in map symbol No. 2 Thingsulthliah As described in map symbol No. 1 Aizawl Very deep, dark yellowish to dark brown, strongly acidic surface and very strongly

acidic sub-surface, clay loam to clay, well drained, hill side slopes, moderate erosion Clayey, Mixed, Hyperthermic, Typic Dystrochrepts

4 Suangpuilawn Very deep, dark brown to strong brown, sandy clay loam to clay, strongly acidic to very strongly acidic, well drained, hill side slopes, moderate erosion. Fine loamy, Mixed, Hyperthermic, Umbric Dystrochrepts.

Chalfilh Very deep, dark brown to dark yellowish brown, clay to sandy clay loam, very strongly acidic, well drained, moderate erosion, cutans are formed. Fine loamy, Mixed, Hyperthermic, Humic Hapludults.

Khawlian As described in map symbol 2


Map

Symbol Soil Series/ Association Description

5 Chalfilh As described in map symbol 4 Suangpuilawn As described in map symbol 4 Aizawl As described in map symbol 3 6 Sihphir As described in map symbol 3

Darlawn Very deep, dark brown to yellowish brown, clay loam to clay, strongly acidic, well drained, hill side slopes, severe erosion, Loamy Skeletal, Mixed, Hyperthermic, Umbric Dystrochrepts.

Thingsulthliah As described in map symbol 1 7 Thingsulthliah As described in map symbol 1

Darlawn As described in map symbol 6 Chalfilh As described in map symbol 4 College Veng As described in map symbol 4

8 Tawizo Very deep, dark brown to yellowish red, clay loam to clay, very strongly acid, well drained, hill side slopes, severe to moderate erosion, patchy thin cutans are formed. Loamy Skeletal, Mixed, Hyperthermic, Humic Hapludults.

Aizawl As described in map symbol 3 Suangpuilawn As described in map symbol 4

9 Suangpuilawn As described in map symbol 4 Chalfilh As described in map symbol 4 Thingsulthliah As described in map symbol 1

10 Sihphir As described in map symbol 3 Sialsuk As described in map symbol 1 Darlawn As described in map symbol 6

11 Darlawn As described in map symbol 6 Chalfilh As described in map symbol 4 Thingsulthliah As described in map symbol 1

12 Tawizo As described in map symbol 8 Suangpuilawn As described in map symbol 4 Thingsulthliah As described in map symbol 1

13 Darlawn As described in map symbol 6 Tawizo As described in map symbol 8 Suangpuilawn As described in map symbol 4

14 Tuirini Very deep, yellowish brown to brownish yellow, clay loam to sandy clay loam, medium to strongly acidic, narrow valley, poorly drained, slight erosion. Fine Loamy, Mixed, Hyperthermic, Aquic Dystrochrepts.

Tuivawl Deep to very deep, dark brown to dark yellowish brown, sandy clay loam surface and clay sub-surface, very strongly acidic, poorly drained, narrow valley, slight erosion. Fine Loamy, Mixed, Hyperthermic. Fluventic Dystrochrepts

Saitual Very deep, dark brown to strong brown, sandy clay loam to clay loam, strongly acidic, moderately well drained, moderate erosion. Fine Loamy, Mixed, Hyperthermic, Fluventic Umbric Dystrochrepts.


The description of the morphology and the analytical results of the physical and chemical properties of the soil series are given in Appendix-I.

Table 1.5.2 Soil Classification of Aizawl District

Sl. No. Order Sub-Order Great Soil

Group Sub-Group Family Proposed Soil Series

1 Entisols Orthents Udorthents Typic Udorthents Loamy Skeletal, Mixed, Hyperthermic

Vervek

2 Inceptisols Ochrepts Dystrochrepts Aquic Dystrochrepts

Fine Loamy, Mixed, Hyperthermic

Tuirini

Fluventic Dystrochrepts


Tuivawl

Fluventic Umbric Dystrochrepts


Saitual

Typic Dystrochrepts


Aizawl

Loamy Skeletal, Mixed, Hyperthermic

Sialsuk

Clayey, Mixed, Hyperthermic

Aibawk

Umbric Dystrochrepts


Suangpuilawn


Darlawn

3 Ultisols Udults Hapludults Typic Hapludults Fine Loamy, Mixed, Hyperthermic

Sihphir


Thingsulthliah

Clayey, Mixed, Hyperthermic

Khawlian

Humic Hapludults Fine Loamy, Mixed, Hyperthermic

Chalfilh


Tawizo

iii) LAND CAPABILITY CLASSIFICATION

Land capability classes placed soils into general order of suitable or unsuitability for cultivation, forestry, grassland or other uses for sustained production. The soils that have the least limitations or hazard and respond best to management are placed in the highest category. This classification system also evaluate soils with respect to their susceptibility to erosion, soil depth, drainage problem and other soil characteristics that would effect to sustain production of agricultural crops. Land capability map is shown in Fig. 8.2.




Land Capability Classes There are eight land capability classes designated by Roman numbers I to VIII. The hazards and limitations of land increases progressively from lands of class-II to class-VIII. Soil of class-I land do not have limitations or hazards that limit their use for sustained productivity of most of the arable crops.

Soil grouped in class-I to IV are cultivable and crop can be grown under proper and specific soil management. Class-V to VIII are not suitable for crops but are suited to permanent vegetation. Soils under class-VIII are neither suited to crop husbandry and forestry but are to be left for wildlife preservation and recreational uses. The district has been classified into land capability class-II, III, IV, VI and VII. The statistics of land capability classes are given in table 8.3. Land Capability Sub-Class Land capability sub-classes are soil groups within one class that are designated by small letters e, w, s or c suffixed to the class number, for example, IIIe, IVe etc. the kinds of limitations recognized at sub-class level are – e = risk of erosion, w = wetness, drainage or overflow, s = root zone limitation or soil, c = climatic limitations. Sub-class ‘e’ shows that erosion susceptibility and past erosion are the major limiting factors. Sub-class ‘w’ is put where excess water is dominant factor to limit their use on account of poor drainage wetness, high water table and overflow. Soils of sub-class ‘s’ have their major limitations due to the shallow depth, extreme of texture, stoniness, low moisture holding capacity, low fertility, sub-class ‘c’ is put where the limitations are due to climate like snowfall, frost, prolonged dryness etc. climate too dry or too cold. a) Class – IIe These are very deep, medium to moderately fine textured soils, poorly drained and are subject to water logging during rains. It occurs on gently sloping valley land with slight erosion hazard.


Recommendation 1) Proper bunding and levelling. 2) Flood protection and drainage improvement. 3) Improvement of irrigation facilities. 4) Application of manures. 5) Introduction of suitable crop varieties. b) Class – IIIe These are very deep, moderate to fine textured soils and well drained. They occur on strongly sloping to steep slope with moderate erosion hazards. This soil possesses good water holding capacity. Recommendation 1) Proper bunding and terracing. 2) Contour trench farming. 3) Construction of check dams at suitable sites. 4) Application of manures. 5) Introduction of high yielding varieties of crops. c) Class – IVe These soils are deep to very deep; moderate to fine textured soils and well drained. They occur on steep to very steep hill side slope and hill ridge with severe erosion hazards. Recommendation 1) Proper bunding and terracing. 2) Contour trench farming. 3) Introduction of Sericulture and Silvi-pasture in the hill ridge. 4) Agro-Horticulture development.. 5) Application of manures 6) Provisions of check dams at suitable sites. d) Class – VIe These are deep to very deep, moderately fine textured soils and well drained. They occur on very very steep with very severe erosion hazards.


Recommendation 1) Horticultural plantation along the contour. 2) The vegetation cover should not be removed for soil and water conservation. 3) Social forestry. 4) Prohibition of over grazing. e) Class – VIIe These are deep, moderately fine textured soils and well drained. They occur on very very steep with very severe erosion hazards. Recommendation 1) Horticulture and forest plantation along the contour. 2) Introduction of economical and commercial species of plant for afforestation. 3) Prohibition of over grazing.



Table 1.5.3 Physiography and Soil Survey of Aizawl District

Map Symbol Physiography Soil Composition Area

(in Sq.Km) %

1 Hill top/Hill crest L.S. Typic Dystrochrepts

10.73 0.30 L.S. Typic Udorthents L.S. Typic Hapludults

2 Hill side 10-25% slope with agriculture/ Horticulture land/shifting cultivation

Clayey Typic Hapludults 9.66 0.27 F.L. Typic Dystrochrepts

F.L. Typic Hapludults

3 Hill side 10-25% slope with secondary/open forest/ scrubland/ abandoned shifting cultivation

F.L. Typic Dystrochrepts 17.88 0.50 L.S. Typic Hapludults

Clayey Typic Dystrochrepts

4 Hill side 10-25% slope with bamboo forest F.L. Umbric Dystrochrepts

63.30 1.77 F.L. Humic Hapludults Clayey Typic Hapludults

5 Hill side 10-25% slope with primary forest/ dense forest/ forest plantation

F.L. Humic Hapludults 40.05 1.12 F.L. Umbric Dystrochrepts

Clayey Typic Dystrochrepts

6 Hill side 25-50% slope with agriculture/ horticulture land/ shifting cultivation

Clayey Typic Dystrochrepts 113.01 3.16 L.S. Umbric Dystrochrepts

L.S. Typic Hapludults

7 Hill side 25-50% slope with secondary/ open forest/ scrubland/ abandoned shifting cultivation

L.S. Typic Hapludults 201.35 5.63 L.S. Umbric Dystrochrepts

F.L. Humic Hapludults

8 Hill side 25-50% slope with bamboo forest L.S. Humic Hapludults

718.12 20.08 Clayey Typic Dystrochrepts F.L. Umbric Dystrochrepts

9 Hill side 25-50% slope with primary forest/ dense forest/ forest plantation

F.L. Umbric Dystrochrepts 630.50 17.63 F.L. Humic Hapludults


10 Hill side >50% slope with agriculture/ Horticulture land/shifting cultivation

F.L. Typic Hapludults 96.20 2.69 L.S. Typic Dystrochrepts

L.S. Umbric Dystrochrepts

11 Hill side >50% slope with secondary/ open forest/ scrubland/ abandoned shifting cultivation

L.S. Umbric Dystrochrepts 203.49 5.69 F.L. Humic Hapludults


12 Hill side >50% slope with bamboo forest L.S. Humic Hapludults

602.97 16.86 F.L. Umbric Dystrochrepts L.S. Typic Hapludults

13 Hill side >50% slope with primary forest/ dense forest/ forest plantation

L.S. Umbric Dystrochrepts 779.64 21.80 L.S. Humic Hapludults

F.L. Umbric Dystrochrepts

14 Valley

F.L Aquic Dystrochrepts

26.46 0.74 F.L. Fluventic Dystrochrepts F.L. Fluventic Umbric Dystrochrepts

15 Built-up land 48.64 1.36 16 Water body 14.31 0.40

TOTAL 3,576.31 100.00 Table 3.4 - Soil Statistics of Aizawl District

L.S. = Loamy Skeletal F.L. = Fine Loamy


Table 1.5.4 Land Capability Class of Aizawl District

Sl. No.

Land capability class Brief description

Area Sq. Km. %

1 IIe Good arable land on gentle slopes, susceptible to slight water erosion, very deep soil, suitable for agricultural development 26.46 0.74

2 IIIe Moderately good land on strongly sloping to steep, susceptible to severe water erosion, deep to very deep soil, suitable for agricultural and horticultural development

130.89 3.66

3 IVe Fairly good land on steep to very steep slopes and hill ridge, highly susceptible to water erosion, deep to very deep soil, suitable for Agro-horticultural, sericulture and silvipastoral development

1,673.71 46.80

4 VIe Land with moderate limitations on very very steep, highly susceptible to water erosion, deep to very deep soil, suitable for horticultural plantation and forestry.

1,382.60 38.66

5 VIIe Land with severe limitations on very very steep slopes, subject to severe erosion. Unsuitable for cultivation and suitable for social forestry and grazing.

299.70 8.38

6 Built-up land 48.64 1.36 7 Water body 14.31 0.40

T O T A L 3,576.31 100.00

1.6 Soil Erosion and Runoff status

Soil erosion is a naturally occurring process that affects all landforms. In agriculture, soil erosion refers to the wearing away of a field's topsoil by the natural physical forces of water and wind or through forces associated with farming activities such as tillage.

Erosion, whether it is by water, wind or tillage, involves three distinct actions – soil

detachment, movement and deposition. Topsoil, which is high in organic matter, fertility and soil life, is relocated elsewhere "on-site" where it builds up over time or is carried "off-site" where it fills in drainage channels. Soil erosion reduces cropland productivity and contributes to the pollution of adjacent watercourses, wetlands and lakes.

Soil erosion can be a slow process that continues relatively unnoticed or can occur at an alarming rate, causing serious loss of topsoil. Soil compaction, low organic matter, loss of soil structure, poor internal drainage, salinisation and soil acidity problems are other serious soil degradation conditions that can accelerate the soil erosion process.

One of the main causes of soil erosion is water erosion, which is the loss of topsoil due to water. Raindrops fall directly on topsoil. The impact of the raindrops loosens the material bonding it together, allowing small fragments to detach. If the rainfall continues, water gathers on the ground, causing water flow on the land surface, known as surface water runoff. This runoff carries the detached soil materials away and deposits them elsewhere.



There are some conditions that can accentuate surface water runoff and therefore soil erosion. For example, if the land is sloped, there is a greater potential for soil erosion due to the simple fact that gravity pulls the water and soil materials down the slope. Also, water will have an easier time running across the surface, carrying topsoil with it, if the ground is already saturated due to heavy rains or the soil lacks vegetation to keep the soil in place. HYDRO-SOILS Hydro-Soils deals with run-off potential derived from soil layer using infiltration and physiography. The following four classes of Hydro-Soils have been established. Class I – Low Land with nearly level to moderately sloping areas with

medium to heavy texture of soils. Class II – Moderately Low Land with strongly sloping to steep with medium texture of

soils. Class III – Moderate High Land with steep to very steep with medium texture of soils. Class IV – High Land with very very steep with medium and coarse texture

of soils.

Table 1.6 The Hydro-Soils classes and statistics

Sl. No. Description Area (in Sq.Km.) % 1 Low 26.46 0.74 2 Moderately Low 130.89 3.66 3 Moderately High 1,673.71 46.80 4 High 1,682.30 47.64 5 Water body 14.31 0.4 6 Built up land 48.64 1.36

Total 3,576.31 100.00

Table – Hydro-Soil Statistics of Aizawl District 1.7 Land use Pattern:

The major land use/land cover classes in the area were broadly classified into built-up land, agricultural land/horticultural land, forests (dense and open), bamboo forest, forest plantation, jhum land (current and abandoned jhum/shifting cultivation), scrubland and water body. The land use/land cover statistics is given in Table 2.4


Table : 1.7 Land use Pattern.

Sl. No. District

Total Geographical

Area

Gross Crop Area

Net Crop Area

Area sown more than once

Cropping Intensity

Area under Forest

Area under Wasteland

Area under other uses

1 Aibawk 61665 6210 6150 60 101 47114 5182 3219 2 Darlawn 103724 10446 10344 102 101 79248 8717 5415 3 Phullen 51492 5186 5135 50 101 39341 4328 2688 4 Thingsulthliah 87390 8801 8715 86 101 66768 7344 4562 5 Tlangnuam 53244 5362 5310 52 101 40680 4475 2780

Table 1.7.1 Land Utilization Statistics (preceding 3 years average) (Area in Ha.)

Months Aibawk Darlawn Phullen Thingsul-thliah Tlangnuam Total

Geographical area 63114 98242 52338 89437 54500 357631 Forest Area 28562 53777 26182 43383 6071 157975 Land Under Non- agril. Use 2176.45 3271 2691 2363 4439 14940.45 Cultivable waste 11048 2312 13539 13839 1551 42289

Permanent pastures 303 135 831 948 126 2343

Land under miscellaneous tree crops and groves 351 22812 462 955 1199 25779

Fallow land 142 293 274 102 184 995 Net sown area 7173 1560 3104 5386 2080 19303 Gross cropped area 8736 1815 7109 6470 2432 26562 Cropping intensity (%) 125 120 130 140 120 127

Table 1.7.2 Land Use/Land Cover Statistics of Aizawl District

Land Use/ Land Cover Categories Area in Sq.km Area in % Built-up 66.77 1.87 WRC 16.53 0.46 Agri/Horti Plantations 24.32 0.68 Dense Forest 482.18 13.48 Open Forest 1320.15 36.92 Forest Plantation 19.45 0.54 Bamboo 1134.45 31.72 Scrubland 12.77 0.36 Water Body 18.66 0.52 Current Jhum 177.55 4.96 Abandoned Jhum 303.16 8.48

Total 3576.31 100.00


Graph: Land Use/Land Cover Statistics of Aizawl District

i) Integrated Land Use Plan

The land use planning for development of land resources in the study area was prepared keeping in mind the objectives of making best use of available land for socio-economic improvement and to facilitate dependence of farmers on permanent farming system. Various sustainable land use practices (as discussed below) were model using the layers generated in GIS environment and considerations were also given to the socio-feasibility and implementation by incorporating data from ground surveys. The area statistics is given in Table 2.5.

Table 1.7.3 Proposed Land Development Plan for the Aizawl District

Sl. No. Proposed Land Development Plan Area

(in Sq.Km.) Area (in %)

1 WRC 29.65 0.83 2 Terrace Cultivation 41.82 1.70 3 Agro-Horticultural system 182.24 5.00 4 Agri/Horti plantations 597.55 171.00 5 Silvi-pastoral system 11.07 0.31 6 Afforestation 871.76 24.38 7 Forest 1197.33 33.48 8 Bamboo forest 559.09 15.63

Non-Planned Area 9 Water body 18.71 0.52

10 Built-up 66.77 1.87 Total 3576.00 100 Source: Statistical Handbook, Mizoram-2012

66.77 16.5324.32

482.18

1320.15

19.45

1134.45

12.77

18.66

177.55

303.16

Land Use/ Land Cover Statistics of Aizawl District (In Sq Km)

Built-up

WRC

Agri/Horti Plantations

Dense Forest

Open Forest

Forest Plantation

Bamboo

Scrubland



1.8 Shifting Cultivation:

The traditional method of Paddy cultivation in the hill slopes, commonly known as Jhuming has been practiced from the time immemorial in Mizoram. The location of jhum is related both to altitude and slope. Usually jhum plots are small and irregular in shape and the sites above 1200m msl are seldom used for jhum. It covers an area of 3,421 ha, during 2012-13 which accounts for 13.84 % of the total area of the state (Source: Project report on natural resource mapping of Mizoram using remote sensing & G.I.S., State Remote Sensing Centre). Majority of the farmers in Aizawl district are jhum cultivators. Villagers slash down the forest during December–January; leave it for drying under the sun for 3-4 months and burn to clear all the dry leaves, trunks, debris, etc. It is a monoculture system of farming that includes cereal crops like paddy, maize, etc. along with some pulses and vegetables. The cultivation of jhum paddy is for a period of one year only. After harvest in the month of November- December, the jhum is left uncultivated and shift to another virgin forest area for the next jhum practice.

Graph: 4.12 – District-wise Current Jhum (Shifting Cultivation) and Abandoned Jhum Areas

from 2007-2012 in Mizoram

2860125858

16021

22154

31457 30574

1147615742

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

Aizawl Champhai Kolasib Lawngtlai Lunglei Mamit Saiha Serchhip

District wise Jhum Area in Mizoram(in Ha)

Jhum Area in Ha


Table 1.8.1 Areas under jhum from 2007-2012 in Mizoram (Area in Ha)

Sl. No. Year

Aizawl Champhai Kolasib Lawngtlai Lunglei Mamit Saiha Serchhip TOTAL Area in Ha

Area in Ha

Area in Ha

Area in Ha

Area in Ha

Area in Ha

Area in Ha

Area in Ha

Area in Ha

1 2007 5232 1350 2796 3190 3438 3746 5404 - 25156 2 2008 6304 5900 3222 2995 8179 7986 1598 4608 40792 3 2009 5020 4628 2880 4057 7554 6802 1548 4352 36841 4 2010 4826 4350 2688 3952 4671 4331 1068 2676 28562 5 2011 3798 3730 2415 3960 4405 4759 958 1801 25826 6 2012 3421 5900 2020 4000 3210 2950 900 2305 24706

TOTAL 28601 25858 16021 22154 31457 30574 11476 15742 181883

Graph: Status of Jhum Area (in Ha.) during 11th Plan & 2012-13 in Mizoram

a) Status of Shifting Cultivation in Mizoram and in Aizawl District : 2012-13

1) Jhum Area of the state : 24,706 Ha. 2) Jhumia family of the state : 65,820 nos. 3) Jhum area at Aizawl district : 3,421 Ha. 4) Jhumia family at Aizawl district : 8,927 nos. 5) Jhumia family converted to settled

cultivation: 312 nos. 6) Jhum area in operation: 3,421 Ha.

(13.84% area of the state Jhum area)

25156

4079236841

2856225826

24706

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Status of Jhum Area in Ha during 11th Plan & 2012-13 in Mizoram

Jhum in Ha


b) Contribution of Jhum towards Total Area & Production in Mizoram

1) Gross crop area : 1,38,556 ha 2) Area under jhum : 24,706 Ha. 3) Share of current jhum land to total crop area : 17.83 % 4) Total crop production : 79,993 MT 5) Crop production under jhum : 27,128 MT 6) Contribution of jhum to the total crop production : 34 %.

Source: Statistical Abstract, 2012-2013, Dept. of Agriculture (Crop Husbandry), Govt. of Mizoram. i) Suggestions to Replace Shifting Cultivation

The age old practice of shifting cultivation or “jhum is a destructive method of cultivation, environment unfriendly and causes adverse effect on soil health, climate, and ecology and soil productivity. Besides, it is highly unproductive and generates negligible income to the farmers. Considering this factors, the need for permanent and sustainable farming arises. The following suggestions were brought forward to replace jhum cultivation in the district. In economical classification of workers as per 2011 census majority of Mizoram population i.e 60%, are cultivators and are engaged in Agricultural activities mostly practicing Jhum cultivation. In the olden days with availability of vast area of land including forest land, smaller size of population and in view of self-sustaining families/ rural economy, the Jhum practices were a viable proposition. But the impact of increased pressure on land, particularly forest land led to shrinkage of 10 years Jhum cycle to 4-5 year cycle lowering productivity and production thus rendering Jhum practice uneconomical. Other factors, in addition to pressure on land causing decline in Jhum cultivation include:

Sustained initiative for Jhum control as a matter of Government Policy for last several years and awareness campaign about adverse impact of Jhum practice in Mizoram economy.

Switch over to other livelihood activities like horticulture, terrace farming, Animal husbandry, contract works and wage earnings from construction works etc.

Various developmental activities opening avenues for easier option like contract etc as distinct from hard work involved in Jhum practices.

ii) Reasons for decline of income from Jhum practice

Pressure on land has made Jhum size small and shrinkage of Jhum cycle cause low productivity resulting in poor income for the farmers.


Availability of food stuff through PDS system and import of many items from other states. As a result farmers experienced adverse impact of over production when they lose out in competition with traders from outside and or do not have access to remunerative markets. Crops like ginger, turmeric and hatkora etc. are few instances where farmers are frequently forced to distress sale.

iii) Impact on forest land and decline in Jhum area It is estimated that an average area of 1.50 lakhs acres of Forest cover are annually destroyed by slashing and burning of trees for Jhum land in Mizoram. There is a decline of Jhum practice and the area utilized for Jhum cultivation during last 10 years is as below:-

Table 1.8.2 The area utilized for Jhum Cultivation during last 10 years

Year Area under Jhum (in Ha.) Decrease in Per cent 2003-2004 44,269 5.19 2004-2005 41,969 1.13 2005-2006 41,700 0.64 2006-20007 41,465 0.56 2007-2008 40,947 1.25 2008-2009 40,792 0.38 2009-2010 36,841 9.69 2010-2011 28,562 22.47 2011-2012 25,826 9.58 2012-2013 24,706 4.34

Graph : Jhum areas in hectare during the last 10 years in Mizoram.

44,269

41,969

41,700 41,465

40,94740,792

36,841

28,56225,826 24,706

05,000

10,00015,00020,000

25,00030,00035,000

40,00045,00050,000



iv) How to curb “Burning of Crop Residue”

Enforcement of legislation and to prohibit indiscriminate burning of crop residues

Discouraging farmers for these practices through education and assistance. Farming groups may discourage their members from using unhealthy burning

practices Farming groups may encourage in controlled burning which addresses weather

conditions and adverse impact Research on methods of utilizing crop residues for industrial purposes and

fodder purpose for livestock. Capacity Building to farmers group to show the affect of Burning of Crop Residue

and danger of Forest fire. 1.9 Geomorphology of Mizoram i) Regional Morphology The general physiography of Mizoram is characterized by a very immature first order topography comprising north-south trending anticlinal ridges and synclinal valleys, steep slopes and narrow gorges associated with complex drainage basins. Regionally, the area can be divided into the mountainous terrain province covering the eastern parts and the ridge valley province of the central and western parts (NRSA, 1979). The mountainous terrain province comprising the eastern hill ranges vary in altitude from 400 m to 2,150m with an average elevation of 1,500m and relief of 200m to 600m. On the other hand, the ridge and valley province has almost unbroken parallel ranges with altitudes varying from 400m to 1,500m with an average elevation of 700m. The relief varies from 100m to 200m. In both the provinces, the width of the valleys generally increases to north and south. There is a great increase in the altitude of the hills from west to east. Geomorphological Map is annexed. ii) Geomorphological classification In the present study a genetical classification of the geomorphic units is adapted. The units have been broadly divided into structural and denudational classes which are further sub-divided on the basis of variations in elevation into high (> 1,000m) medium (500-1,000m) and low (< 500m) categories. Associated with these classes are other geomorphological and landform units such as plateaus, broad valleys, structural valleys fracture controlled valleys, river terraces, alluvial plains and valley fills which have been delineated using satellite images. Also marked in the geomorphological map are escarpments, ridge lines, landslides and lineaments. Geomorphological map of Mizoram state prepared on 1:250000 scales is presented in Fig. 8a, while Fig. 8b, represents a part of the map prepared on 1:50000 scale for Aizawl District.


iii) Description of Geomorphological units iv) Denudational Hills (DSH): Denudational Hills are formed due to differential erosion and weathering of the underlying formations so that more resistant formations stands out as hills and less resistant ones form as slopes and valleys. The overall topography still reflects the structural trends of the underlying rocks to some extent. The ridges are mostly serrated and dissected and are traversed by fractures and fracture controlled valleys. The formational dips vary greatly from almost flat to steep, as a result of which landforms such as hammocky hills, cuesta, mesa and plateaus are developed. The denudational hills are further divided into three categories on the basis of altitudinal variations. They are as follows: a) Denudational Hills – High (DSH-H) (> 1,000m) This unit comprises the high hills of the eastern region that are underlain mainly by the comparatively hard and compact sandstones and shales of the Barail group of rocks. These hills are oriented in various directions with altitudes reaching upto 2,150m and an average elevation of 1,500m. Local relief varies from 200m to 600m. The highly varying dips of the formations have resulted in a complex topography, consisting of linear ridges where the dips are relatively steeper, plateau or mesa surfaces where the dips are gentler and flat, and cuesta and dip facets where the dips are moderate. The ridges are highly dissected and serrated and have steep slopes and deep valleys. The valleys are both parallel to the general trend (NS) as well as transverse to it. Fracture controlled valleys are common along NW-SE directions. Dissected plateaus or mesas have gently sloping tops and steep slopes. b) Denudational Hills – Medium (DSH-M) (500- 1,000m)

These hills include the irregular hills of the moderate altitude (500-1,000m) in the west and north-west of Aizawl on either side of Tlawng river where the underlying Bhuban formations show varying dips resulting in irregular hills and dissected plateaus. The north flowing Tlawng river takes a sinuous course in this region. Deep weathering and predominance of clayey lithology has resulted not only in thick vegetation cover but also landslides wherever the slopes are disturbed by human activities. c) Denudational Hills – Low (DSH-L) (<500m) This unit forms the wide zones of low hills and mounds along the northerly flowing Langkaih and Tut river in the north-western part of Mizoram. The average heights of the hills are less than 300m. The underlying rocks include the sandstones and shales of Bokabil sub-group. The slopes are gentler and thickly vegetated. A number of low altitude dissected mesa and plateau are developed here.


v) Structural Hills (SH) A large part of Mizoram comprises of north-south trending continuous linear hills with intervening narrow valleys which strongly reflect the structural trends of the underlying rocks. These hills are grouped under structural hills. They are formed over the folded sedimentary sequence of the Surma group of rocks as anticlinal ridges and synclinal valleys. The altitude of this hills increase from west to east. The western slopes of the hills are generally steeper and more dissected than the eastern slopes. The crest lines are normally straight but serrated at places where they are traversed by fractures and joints. The continuity of the ridges is often broken by faults and lineaments, most of which are NW-SE trending. On the basis of altitudinal variations, the structural hills are further sub-divided into three groups viz. high, medium and low. a) Structural Hills – High (SH-H) (More than 1,000m) The unit comprises the high linear ridges forming the central hill ranges of Mizoram and includes the hills of Aizawl, Lunglei and Tuipang. The underlying lithology consists mainly of sandstones and shales of Bhuban sub-group. The steep formational dips are reflected in the sharp ridges with steep slopes and narrow valleys. There is a tendency of the valleys becoming wider towards north and south due to the plunging folds. The drainages are generally parallel and trellis pattern. b) Structural Hills – Medium (SH-M) (500- 1,000m) The unit occupies a large area along the western belt and northern parts and consists of moderately high linear ridges with the intervening broader valleys. The ridges are mostly serrate in nature with highly dissected slopes. The underlying rocks constitute mainly the Bhuban formations. The streams occupying the broad valleys show sinuous nature. Landforms features such as cuesta and dip facets are common. Most part of this unit is densely vegetated. c) Structural Hills – Low (SH-L) (< 500m) The broad belt of sub-dued topography with low, irregular hills and parallel ridges and intervening flat valleys occupying the western parts of the area are included in this unit. The hills are of low altitudes, generally around 100-200m. The rivers flowing in the intervening broad valleys show meandering nature. The underlying rocks are predominantly shales and sandstone of Bokabil and Bhuban formations.


vi) Broad Linear Valley (BLV) Flat, broad valleys are formed along Tuichawng, Kawrpui and Karnphuli rivers in the western and south-western parts of the state. The underlying lithology is mainly of Bhuban and Bokabil sub-groups. Presently the river-borne alluvium, silt and clay cover these plains which are intensely cultivated. The rivers meander in these flat valleys. vii) Dissected Plateau and mesa The complex folded nature of the underlying rocks with highly varying dips has resulted in the complex topography. Where the formations show flat dips, plateau and mesa landforms have been developed. The tops of these landforms show gently sloping surfaces while the side slopes are steep and highly dissected. They are mostly under thick vegetation cover. viii) Fracture Controlled Valleys (FV) These linear or curvilinear narrow valleys controlled by transverse fractures cutting across the general trend of the topography. These are filled by alluvial and colluvial materials and occur mostly in the north-east and eastern parts of Mizoram. These valleys are generally thickly vegetated or cultivated. ix) Structural Valleys (SV) These are narrow inter-ridge valleys parallel to the structural trend of the terrain. Though the entire terrain is characterized by ridge-valley topography, those valleys which are wider and more conspicuous are demarcated and included under this unit. These are either thickly vegetated or cultivated. x) Valley Fills (In-filled valleys) (VF) These are flat inter montane valleys and basins which are irregular in shape and filled by fluvial or laccustrine deposits. One typical example is the irregular, intermontane basin of Champhai in the eastern part. Similar valleys and basins are also present in the southern parts. These are intensely cultivated. xi) Alluvial Plains (AP) Alluvial Plains are flat surfaces formed by the deposition of alluvium by the major river systems. In Mizoram, alluvial plains are found along the major rivers, especially along Langkaih river in the NW part. These units are under cultivation.




xii) River Terraces (RT) River Terraces have been found along the major streams in the mountainous region and are comprised of sand, silt and gravel. These are mostly under agriculture or forest. xiii) Other Landforms a) Escarpment - They are cliffs or steep slopes and are formed either along

or across the ridges due to differential erosion along fractures or faults. b) Ridge Lines - The ridge crests are continuous and parallel in the

structural Hills while they are irregular and disoriented in the denude structural hills. Many of the ridges are serrate having notched or toothed crest lines with saw-edge profile due to erosion.

c) Cuesta and Dip Facets - Cuesta landforms occur mainly in the flat or gently

dipping formations while the dip facets are seen where the dips are moderate to steep. These features are distinct in the satellite images.

Table 1.9 Area under Geomorphic unit

Sl. No. Geomorphic Unit Area (in Sq.Km.) % 1 High Structural Hill 180.21 5.04 2 Medium Structural Hill 830.37 23.22 3 Low Structural Hill 2,530.93 70.77 4 Valley Fill 33.07 0.92 5 Flood Plain 1.73 0.05

TOTAL 3,576.31 100.00

1.10 Hydro geomorphology and Groundwater Prospects of Mizoram The occurrence and movements of groundwater in an area is controlled by the morphology of the land surface (slope and landform) and the underlying lithology and structure (hydrogeology). High relief and steep slopes accentuate surface run off thus preventing large scale infiltration of rain water into the ground. On the other hand, topographical depressions, valleys and undulating plains help more infiltration and storage of groundwater, which in turn depends to a great extent by the hydrogeological characteristics of the underlying lithology. In the highly rugged mountainous terrain such as Mizoram, the problem is more complex. Here, the steeply sloping surfaces carry down a major part of the rain water to the valleys and streams. Small amount of water may infiltrate into fractures, joints and


bedding planes of rocks and reappear elsewhere as seepages and springs. A part of the

surface run off and spring water flows down to the streams and rivers.


1.11 Geology of Mizoram: i) Regional Geology and Stratigraphy:

Mizoram forms part of the Indo-Burma hill ranges characterized by a very immature first order topography comprising parallel, N-S trending anticlinal ridges and synclinal valleys with steep slopes. Geologically they are composed of arenaceous and argillaceous sediments of Tertiary age (Oligocene to Pliocene). The Lithostratigraphy is composed of a sequence of marine and fluvial sediments belonging to Barail, Surma and Tipam groups and consisting of shales, siltstones and sandstones which are folded into a series of north-south trending and plunging anticlines and synclines. The major structural trends coincide with the tectonic elements of the region. The general stratigraphy succession of Mizoram is shown in Table 4.1. (Kumar, 1997) and geological map is annexed.

Table 1.11 General Stratigraphy of Mizoram

Quaternary Alluvium Sand, silt, clay etc. Surma Group (Miocene) Bokabil Sub-Group Felspathic sandstone with siltstone, sandy silt and shale.

Bhuban Sub-Group Upper Bh. Well bedded sandstone with intercalations of shale.

Middle Bh. Thick zone of shale and mud with intercalation of sandstone and silty shale.

Lower Bh. Bedded and massive sandstone with siltstone and silty shale.

Barail Group (Oligocene) - - Shale and siltstone with bands of greywackes

ii) Description of Litho-units: a) Barail Group:

The rocks of the Barail Group are the oldest formations in Mizoram and are confined to the eastern parts of the state. They consists of a thick pile of argillaceous and arenaceous sediments predominantly shale, siltstone and greywacke. Though the Barails have been sub-divided into the lower, middle and upper Barails with dominant lithilogies of hard and compact sandstones, banded fine grained shales and massive sandstones (Vimal Kumar, 1997), these could not be separated out in the image. The Barails are characterized in the image by coarse texture, coarse drainages, sharp crested and broken ridges and dense vegetation cover. b) Surma Group:

The Surma Group of rocks is divided into Bhuban and Bokabil sub-groups and they cover the rest of the area. The Bhuban formations which overlay unconformable over the Barails is sub-divided into Lower, Middle and Upper Bhubans. The Lower and


Upper Bhubans ate predominantly arenaceous with well-bedded and massive sandstones and siltstones and intercalations of shales, while the Middle Bhuban is mainly argillaceous consisting of thick zones of shale and mud with bedded sandstones and silts shales. The Bhuban formations form parallel ridge-valley topography with drainage density. In the geological map prepared using satellite images, the three sub-divisions of the Bhuban formations could not be differentiated. Instead, on the basis of the topography, drainage density and texture, they have been delineated into hard and soft formations, the former representing broadly the upper Bhubans forming ridges and the latter representing the Middle Bhuban exposed in the synclinal valleys. The rocks of the Bokabil sub-group consisting of shale-siltstone sequence with friable felspathic sandstones form hogbacks and low-lying ridges and occupy the anticlinal ridges and cores of synclinal valleys, mostly in the western parts. c) Alluvium:

Alluvial deposits of quaternary period are found along stream courses as terraces, valley fills and alluvial plains. They consist predominantly of clay, silt and sound derived from the surrounding terrains. These areas are mostly under cultivation. iii) Structure and Tectonics: Structurally, Mizoram forms part of the Mizo fold Belt. The entire formations are folded into nearly north trending, longitudinal folds by E-W compressive forces which have resulted in a series of parallel anticlines and synclines. These folds are often dislocated and segmented by transverse and oblique faults. A number of lineaments have been traced in the images. Three prominent trends of lineaments have been identified in the area, viz. N-S, NW-SE and NE-SW. the N-S lineaments are parallel to the axial traces of folds while the NW-SE and NE-SW trends represent shear fractures. iv) Economic Minerals:

So far no significant mineral reserve has been proved in Mizoram. The compact sandstones have been extensively quarried as construction material and road metal, especially around urban centers. It has been reported that there exists a good reserve of China clay in the Doyang river valley, but its economic viability is doubtful due to the terrain conditions. Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) has carried out exploratory grilling for oil in Kolasib which has indicated only traces of hydrocarbon.




Table 1.11.1 Areas under Rock Types

Sl. No. Rock Types Area (in Sq.Km.) % 1 Sandstone 1,279.63 35.78 2 Siltstone & Shale 2,264.32 63.31 3 Limestone 1.47 0.05 4 Clayey Sand 25.52 0.71 5 Gravel, Sand & Silt 5.36 0.15

Grand Total 3,576.31 100.00

1.12 LAND IRRIGABILITY CLASSES The suitability of land for irrigation depends on physical factors like quality and quantity of irrigation water and Socio-Economic factors like land development costs, provisions of drainage facilities etc. The following land irrigability classes have been established. Class 1 Land that have few limitations for sustained use under irrigation. Class 2 Land that have moderate limitations for sustained use under irrigation. Class 3 Land that have severe limitations for sustained under irrigation. Class 4 Land that are marginal for terraced use under irrigation because of very

severe limitations. Class 5 Land that is temporarily classed as not suitable for sustained use under

irrigation pending further investigations. Class 6 Land not suitable for sustained use under irrigation. Land Irrigability Sub-Classes

Sub-Class are the groups of land irrigability units that have the same kind of dominant limitations for sustained use under irrigation. The limitations are indicated by suffixing the letters ‘S’ or ‘d’ to class number and are indicative of deficiency in soils, topography or drainage respectively. Land having more than one limitation is also indicated with the relevant letters of the Sub-Class.



Table 1.12 Interpretation of soil mapping unit into land irrigability Classes and statistics:

Sl. No. Class Description Area

(in Sq.Km.) %

1 2nd Irrigable lands with moderate limitations of soil and drainage, fine textured, slow permiablility, poor drainage, slight erosion

26.46 0.74

2 3rd Irrigable lands with severe limitations of soil and topography, land has strongly sloping to steep, medium to moderate fine textured, well drained, moderate erosion.

141.98 3.97

3 4th Marginal irrigable lands with very severe limitations of soil and topography, land has steep to very steep, medium to moderately fine textured, well drained, severe erosion and excess run-off.

1,662.98 46.50

4 6th Land not suitable for sustained use under irrigation, very very steep slopes and hill crest, very severe erosion. 1,681.94 47.03

5 Water body 14.31 0.40 6 Built up land 48.64 1.36

Total 3,576.31 100.00

Table – Land irrigability Statistics of Aizawl District


Chapter - II DISTRICT WATER PROFILE

Irrigation is the artificial application of water to the land or soil. It is used to

assist in the growing of agricultural crops, maintenance of landscapes, and re-vegetation of disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall. There is a great necessity of irrigation in Indian agriculture. India has a great diversity and variety of climate and weather conditions. These conditions range from extreme of heat to extreme of cold and from extreme dryness to excessive rainfall. Due to some reasons irrigation is needed in Indian agriculture. Uncertainty of Monsoon rainfall both in time and place. Irregularity in distribution of rainfall throughout the year. Excessive rainfall causing flood. Draught is an annual event in some areas. India is a land of Rabi Crops. But there is not rainfall in winter months. Some soils need more water. Introduction of H.Y.V seeds and multiple cropping need water throughout the year. The types of Irrigation mainly practiced in India are:

i) Tanks - a) Pond b) Tank

ii) Well - a) Dug Well

b) Tube Well - i) Shallow ii) Deep iii) Canal - a) Perennial

b) Non-Perennial 2.1 Crop water Requirement

Crop water requirement is the water required by the plants for its survival, growth, development and to produce economic parts. This requirement is applied either naturally by precipitation or artificially by irrigation. Hence the crop water requirement includes all losses like: a) Transpiration loss through leaves (T) b) Evaporation loss through soil surface in cropped area (E) c) Amount of weather used by plants (WP) for its metabolic activities which is estimated as less than 1% of the total water absorption. These three components cannot be separated so easily. Hence the ET loss is taken as crop water use or crop water consumptive use. d) Other application losses are conveyance loss, percolation loss, runoff loss, etc., (WL). e) The water required for special purposes (WSP) like puddling operation, ploughing operation, land preparation, leaching, requirement, for the purpose of weeding, for dissolving fertilizer and chemical, etc. Hence the water requirement is symbolically represented as:


WR = T + E + WP + WL + WSP (The other application losses and special purposes are mostly indented for wet land cultivation. Hence for irrigated dry land crop the ET loss alone is accounted for crop water requirement). The estimations of the water requirement of crop are one of the basic needs for crop planning on the farm and for the planning of any irrigation project.

2.1 Irrigation Status of Aizawl District

Crop Type

Kharif Rabi Summer Crop Total Irrigat

ed Rainfed Total Irrigated Rainfed Total Irrigate

d Rainfe

d Total Irrigated Rainfed Total

Cereals 835 3084 3919 835 3084 3919 Coarse Cereal 479 479 2 2 2 479 481

Pulses 679 679 323 323 323 679 1002 Oilseeds - 352 352 352 352 Oil Palm 509 509 509 509

Source : Agriculture Statistics, Directorate of Agriculture, Mizoram.

a) Tlangnuam Block

Crop Type


ed Rainfed Total Irrigated Rainfed Total Irrigat

ed Rainfe

d Total Irrigated Rainfed Total

Cereals 200.4 740.16 940.56 200.4 740.16 940.56 Coarse Cereal 114.96 114.96 2 2 0 116.96 116.96 Pulses 110 110 110 110 Oilseeds 162.96 162.96 77.52 77.52 0 240.48 240.48 Oil Palm 84.48 84.48 0 84.48 84.48

b) Aibawk Block

Crop Type

Kharif Rabi Summer Crop Total Irrigate

d Rainfed Total Irrigated Rainfed Total Irrigat

ed Rainfed Total Irrigate

d Rainfed Total

Cereals 183.7 678.48 183.7 678.48 862.18 Coarse Cereal 105.38 0 105.38 105.38 Pulses 100 100 100 Oilseeds 149.38 32.86 32.86 0 182.24 182.24 Oil Palm 77.44 0 77.44 77.44


c) Thingsulthliah Block

Crop Type




d Rainfed Total

Cereals 175 647.64 175.35 647.64 822.99 Coarse Cereal 100.59 0 100.59 100.59

Pulses 105 105 105 Oilseeds 142.59 67.83 67.83 0 210.42 210.42 Oil Palm 73.92 0 73.92 73.92

d) Phullen Block

Crop Type




d Rainfed Total

Cereals 125.25 462.6 587.85 125.25 462.6 587.85 Coarse Cereal 71.85 71.85 0 71.85 71.85 Pulses 101.85 101.85 48.45 48.45 48.45 101.85 150.3 Oilseeds 52.8 52.8 0 52.8 52.8 Oil Palm 76.35 76.35 76.35 76.35

e) Darlawn Block

Crop Type


ed Rainfe

d Total Irrigated Rainfed Total Irrigat

ed Rai

nfed Total Irrigated

Rainfed Total

Cereals 150.3 555.12 705.42 150.3 555.12 705.42 Coarse Cereal 86.22 86.22 86.22 86.22

Pulses 122.22 122.22 58.14 58.14 58.14 122.22 180.36 Oilseeds 63.36 63.36 63.36 63.36 Oil Palm 91.62 91.62 91.62 91.62


Table.2.2 Production and Productivity of Major Crops of the District

Season Crop Sown Rainfed Irrigated Total

Cereal C. Cereal Pulses Oilseeds

Any other crops

Area Produ- ction

Productivity

Cost of cultivati

on Area Producti

on Producti

vity Cost of

cultivation Produc

tion Productivity Area

Kharif (rice) Rice 3084 4300 1394 835 2010 2,400 6310 1610 3919 C. Cereal Maize 481 761 1582 761 1582 481

Pulses Bean, arhar 679 1245 1833 1245 1833 679

Oilseeds Soybeanmustard 352 464 1318 464 1318 352

Rabi Rice C. Cereal Maize 2 5 2500 5 2500 2

Pulses Pea Bean 232 621 2676 621 2676 1232

Oilseeds Oil Palm (MT) Oil Palm 509 7635 15MT 7635 15MT 509



a) Tlangnuam Block:


Cereal C. Cereal Pulses Oilseeds Any other

crops Area Produ- ction

Productivity

Cost of cultivation Area Production Productivity Cost of

cultivation Production

Productivity Area

Kharif (rice) Rice 740 888 1220 200 440 2240 1328 1413 940 C. Cereal Maize 114.98 120.72 1050 120.729 1050 114.98

Pulses Bean, arhar

Oilseeds Soybeanmustard 162.96 110.81 680 110.812 680 162.96

Rabi Rice C. Cereal Maize

Pulses Pea Bean

Oilseeds 77.52 50.388 650 50.388 650 77.52 Oil Palm (MT) Oil Palm 84.48 1267.2 15 MT 1267.2 15 MT 84.48

b) Aibawk Block




Productivity



Productivity Area

Kharif (rice) Rice 678 814 1220 183 403 2240 1216 1413 861 C. Cereal Maize 105 113 1075 113 1075 105 Pulses Bean,

arhar 100 122 1220 122 1220 100 Oilseeds Soybeanm

ustard 163 109 670 109 670 163 Rabi Rice C. Cereal Maize

Pulses Pea Bean

Oilseeds 33 21 650 21 650 33 Oil Palm (MT) Oil Palm 77 1162 15 MT 1162 15MT 77


c) Thingsulthliah Block




Productivity



Productivity Area

Kharif (rice) Rice 647 814 1220 678 814 1220 678 814 1220 678 814 C. Cereal Maize 101 106 1050 106 1050 101 Pulses Bean,



Pulses Pea Bean


d) Phullen Block




Productivity



Productivity Area




Pulses Pea Bean



e) Darlawn Block




Productivity



Productivity Area




Pulses Pea Bean


Table 2.3 Irrigation based Classification

Name of block Irrigated (Ha) Rainfed

Gross Net Partially Irrigated Rainfed Aibawk 145 145 6005 Darlawn 244 244 10100 Phullen 121 121 5014 Thingsulthliah 205 205 8510 Tlangnuam 125 125 5185



Chapter - III WATER AVAILABILITY

3.1 Surface Water Scenario Surface water is water on the surface of the planet such as in streams, river, lake, wet land or pond/tank. It can be contrasted with ground water and atmospheric water. Non-saline surface water is replenished by precipitation and by recruitment from ground water. It is lost through evaporation, see page into the ground where it becomes ground water used by plants for transpiration, extracted by mankind for agriculture, living, industry etc. or discharged to the sea where it becomes saline. To derive surface water volume basically, we measure volumes and surface areas of a set of farm ponds and tanks and the develop relationship between surface areas and volumes. After that using these relationships, calculated volumes of the whole study region surface water bodies based on our remote sensing surface area. 3.2 Status of surface water availability Surface water is water that is found in lakes, rivers, streams, ponds and other natural water courses. This valuable resource provides drinking water, water supply and supports important industries such as fishing, farming and electric power generation. Surface water supports various recreational activities such as swimming and boating and provides habitat for aquatic life. Overall, a clean abundant supply of surface water supports the health of humans and aquatic ecosystem, a strong economy and provides a high quality of life for any region.

Table 3.1 Status of water availability

Sl. No. Sources Kharif Rabi Summer Total

1 Surface Irrigation

i Canal (Major & Medium) Irrigation (Tank)

ii Minor Irrigation Tanks 0.0053568 0.0066320 0.0119888 iii Lift Irrigation/Diversion 0.0214272 0.0016580 0.0230852 iv Various water bodies including rain water harvesting - - - - v Treated effluent received from STP vi Untreated effluent - - - - vii Perennial sources of water - - - - 2 Ground water i Open Well - - - - Ii Deep Tube Well 0.0000132 0.0000075 - 0.0000207 Iii Medium Tube Well iv Shallow Tube Well


i) GROUND WATER POTENTIAL ZONATION With the rapid urbanization and growth of population, the demand for water supply increases. Sometimes, surface water resource is often inadequate to meet the ever-increasing demand of water supply. Therefore, ground water resources have been developed on a large scale and have been tapped and harnessed to a considerable extent. For an area experiencing constant drought and which faces water scarcity problem, ground water resources have been an alternative solution to the problem. Ground water resources have been exploited not only for domestic purposes, but also for irrigation and agricultural purposes. Preparation of ground water potential zonation map is one of the first steps in exploring and exploiting the ground water resources. Ground water potential zonation map divides an area into zones of varying degrees of ground water potentiality based on an estimated significance of various geo-environmental factors operated and observed on the surface which are responsible for inducing the potentiality of an area. Ground water potential zonation map helps to choose and identify the potential zones, selecting viable sites for carrying out exploration and provides the basic data of the different potential zones of ground water resources for the study area. To locate the occurrence and potential zones of ground water within the study area, thematic maps of lithology, geomorphology, geological structure and slope are prepared. These maps are combined together by using ARC/INFO GIS package to generate the final map from which different ground water potential zones will be derived. Besides, the existing hand pumps and spring inventory data are added to the final map. Since geological structure is one of the major factors controlling the occurrence of ground water, areas within 50m on both sides of the lineaments and faults are included. Similarly, areas proximity to spring and hand pumps are manually selected and delineated with the help of Digital Elevation Model of the study area. The different units of these thematic parameters are taken into consideration by giving different weightage values according to their respective hydrological properties. This form the main criterion by which different potential zonation is done. Since hand pumps and springs are direct expression of the ground water condition below the ground surface. They are given the highest weightage value. The final map is then prepared and the study area is classified into very good, good, moderate and poor zones.


Table 3.2 Ground water potential Zone

Sl. No. Potential Zone Area (in Sq. Km) Percentage 1 Very good 109.14 3.05 2 Good 593.55 16.60 3 Moderate 1,005.20 28.11 4 Poor 1,868.42 52.24

Grand Total 3,576.31 100.00 a) Very Good This zone generally covers valley fill, flood plain and low lying areas which are located within the proximity of water bodies, where there will be continual recharge. Besides, it includes the intersection of the structural units, such as lineaments and faults, with valley fill and flood plains. These geological structures offer channels for the sub-surface flow of water. Ground water can easily move through these fractures and are found to be very suitable sites for ground water occurrence. Lithologically, this zone comprises areas where unconsolidated sediments, such as gravel, sand, silt and clayey sand are deposited. These have high potentiality of retaining water since they allow maximum percolation due to their maximum pore spaces between the grains. Locally, this zone covers the flood plains of Tlawng, Tuirial and Barak rivers. Settlement area such as Sairang, Zohmun, Tinghmun and Kani are included within this. This zone covers the plains of Tuirini, Tuivawl and tuivai rivers. It also covers the plains of minor rivers such as Changte Lui, Lau Lui, Zilngai Lui and Tuimang Lui. All the spring and hand pumps located within the settlement area also fall in this zone. The very good zone extends over an area of 109.14 Sq. Km. which is 3.05% of the total study area. b) Good All the remaining geological structures fall under the good potential zone. The low lying areas including parts of flood plains and valley fills are also included in this zone. This is because low and gentle relief areas have much better opportunities for infiltration and subsequent yield of ground water. Among the rock types exposed in the study area, sandstones are generally capable of storing and transmitting water through their interstices and pore spaces present in between the grains and are considered to be suitable aquifer. Hence, parts of area where sandstones are exposed also come under this zone. It mainly covers the plains of Tlawng river, parts of Tuivai and Tuirial synclines. This zone spreads over an area of about 593.55 Sq.Km. and forms 16.60% of the study area.


c) Moderate This zone mainly comprises areas where the recharge condition and the water-yielding capacity of the underlying materials are neither suitable nor poor. Topographically, it covers gently sloping smooth surface of the hill. Although the lithology may comprise good water-bearing rock formation such as sandstone, the potentiality is minimized by the sloping nature of the topography where run-off is maximum. In general, the moderate zone falls within the poor water-bearing rock formation such as silty shale that is in turn, characterized by the presence of secondary structures in them. The moderate zone is evenly distributed within the study area and covers an area of 1,005.20 Sq.Km. and occupies 28.11% of the total study area. d) Poor This zone is mainly distributed in the elevated areas. In the area of high relief, a greater part of precipitation flows out as surface run-off, which is a poor condition for infiltration beneath the ground surface. Hence, the ground water yield is generally assumed to be low. Unless the elevated areas are traversed by geological structures and posses high drainage density and suitable water-bearing rock formation, their ground water yield is generally low. The poor zone is mainly distributed along the ridges and is predominantly high in terms of area extend and covers majority of the district. This zone occupies an area of about 1,868.42 Sq.Km. which is 52.24% of the total study area. Ground Water Quality:

As per earlier field investigation reports, it is found that the water sample collected from springs indicates thar pH values range between 6.9 and 8.3. Electrical conductivity of the water is found to vary from 31-249 micromhos/cm at 25ºC excepting a few places. The concentration of bicarbonate ranges from 12 to 158 ppm. The range of concentration of Calcium and Magnesium is in between 4-22 and 1-10 ppm respectively. Concentration of iron ranges from 0.02 to 0.3 ppm which is within permissible limit. In general, the chemical quality of ground water in the district is fresh and potable and is suitable for domestic and industrial purposes Ground Water Management Strategy:

Hydrogeological investigations carried out by the Central Ground Water Board during 1984-85 & 1985-86 in the entire state revealed the occurrence of a good number of perennial springs in different altitudes. The discharges of the springs progressively increase in the lower altitudes. These springs can be developed scientifically for providing safe drinking water to the rural people. Rain water harvesting which is well known to the people of the district can also be developed for solving scarcity of potable water.


Existing hydrogeological set up indicates the limited ground water development prospects in the linear rolling valleys. Though the valleys are underlain by shale, siltstone and sandstone, the intercalated sandstone layers may be productive for construction of shallow ground water structures. Thus, ring well with 2-3 mm diameter and 10-15 m depth below ground level may be constructed in the suitable locations. These wells may be constructed with half baked bricks keeping weep holes in the sandstone layers. In the major part of the district, tapping perennial springs and rainwater harvesting would remain the main source for water supply to the local populace. The springs should be properly developed, conserved and protected wherever they are used for domestic purposes. Some of the spring waters in lower altitudes may be impounded in some structures and pumped again for water supply.

Table 3.2.1 BRIEF GROUND WATER LEVEL DATA IN MIZORAM AND GROUND WATER ANALYSIS

Sl. No. District Lowest range

(in meter) Highest range

(in meter) Common range

(in meter) 1 Aizawl 6.58 21.19 10.12

Lowest range Highest range Common range 1 pH 4.90 8.40 6.80 2 Electrical Conductivity 174µs/cm 1756µs/cm 200-300µ/cm 3 Alkalinity 0/mg 860 mg/l 100-150 mg/l 4 Turbidity 05.NTU 91.0 NTU 1.0 NTU 5 Chloride 0 mg/l 300.0 mg/l 30-50 mg/l 6 Hardness Trace 500 mg/l 100-150 mg/l 7 Iron 0 mg/l 20 mg/l 0.3-0.5 mg/l

Table 3.2.2 STANDARD OF WATER QUALITY- IS-10500 (2012)

Sl. No. Parameters Unit

BIS (IS:10500)-2012 WHO Desirable

Limits Desirable Limits

Max. Permissible

Limits 1 pH - 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 6.5-9.2 2 Arsenic Mg/L 0.01 0.05 0.01 3 Fluoride Mg/L 1.0 1.5 1.5 4 E-Coli Number Absent Absent Absent 5 TDS Mg/L 500 2000 1200 6 Nitrate Mg/L 45 45 50 7 Iron Mg/L 0.30 0.30 0.30 8 Calcium (as Ca) Mg/L 75 200 No Specification 9 Magnesium (as Mg) Mg/L 30 100 No Specification 10 Sulphate Mg/L 200 400 500 11 Alkalinity Mg/L 200 600 No Specification 12 Turbidity NTU 1 5 10


Table 3.3 STATUS OF COMMAND AREA

Sl. No.

Name of Blocks

Information of canal command Information on the other services command Total Area

Total Area

Developed Area

Undeveloped Area

Total Area

Developed Area

Undeveloped Area

Developed Command

Undeveloped Command

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 (4+7) 10 (5+8) 1 Aibawk 563.00 312.00 242.00 - - - 321.00 242.00

2 Darlawn 115.00 41.00 74.00 - - - 41.00 74.00

3 Phullen 312.00 142.00 170.00 - - - 142.00 170.00

4 Thingsulthliah 683.00 369.00 314.00 - - - 369.00 314.00

5 Tlangnuam 706.00 224.00 482.00 - - - 224.00 482.00

Total 2379.0 1,097.00 1,282.00 - - - 1,097.00 1,282.00

a) AIBAWK R.D. BLOCK (Area in Ha.)

Sl. No

Name of the Village

Information on Canal Command Information on the other services Command Total Area Total Area

Total Area

Developed Area

Undeveloped Area

Total Area

Developed Area

Undeveloped Area

Developed

Command Undeveloped Command

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 (4+7) 10 (5+8)

1 Muallungthu 149 Nil 149 Nil Nil Nil Nil 149

2 Sialsuk 152 Nil 152 Nil Nil Nil Nil 152

3 Sailam 62 Nil 62 Nil Nil Nil Nil 62

4 Samlukhai 123 Nil 123 Nil Nil Nil Nil 123

5 Lamchhip 90 Nil 90 Nil Nil Nil Nil 90

6 Tachhip 50 Nil 50 Nil Nil Nil Nil 50

7 Sumsuih Nil Nil Nil Nil

TOTAL 626 Nil 626 Nil Nil Nil Nil 625

b) DARLAWN R.D. BLOCK (Area in Ha.)

Sl. No

Name of the Village


Total Area

Developed Area

Undeveloped Area

Total Area

Developed Area

Undeveloped Area

Developed Command

Undeveloped Command

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 (4+7) 10 (5+8)

1 Sakawrdai 40 Nil 40 Nil Nil Nil Nil 40

2 Pehlawn 43 Nil 43 Nil Nil Nil Nil 43

3 E.Phaileng 48 Nil 48 Nil Nil Nil Nil 48



c) PHULLEN R.D. BLOCK (Area in Ha.)

Sl. No

Name of the Village


Total Developed Undeveloped Total Developed Undeveloped Developed Undeveloped Area Area Area Area Area Area Command Command

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 (4+7) 10 (5+8) 1 Phullen 265 Nil 265 Nil Nil Nil Nil 265 2 Phuaibuang 67 Nil 67 Nil Nil Nil Nil 67 3 Thanglailung 27 Nil 27 Nil Nil Nil Nil 27


d) TLANGNUAM R.D BLOCK (Area in Ha.)

Sl. No

Name of the Village



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9(4+7) 10(5+8) 1 Sihphir 71 Nil 71 Nil Nil Nil Nil 71 2 Chite 50 Nil 50 Nil Nil Nil Nil 50 3 Lengpui 245 Nil 245 Nil Nil Nil Nil 245 4 Phunchawng 20 Nil 20 Nil Nil Nil Nil 20 5 Rangvamual 31 Nil 31 Nil Nil Nil Nil 31 6 Tlangnuam 100 Nil 100 Nil Nil Nil Nil 100 7 Lawipu 40 Nil 40 Nil Nil Nil Nil 40 8 Bawngkawn 16 Nil 16 Nil Nil Nil Nil 16 9 Lungleng 65 Nil 65 Nil Nil Nil Nil 65

10 Tuirial Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 11 Maubawk Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 12 Sakawrtuichhun Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 13 Durtlang Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil

TOTAL 638 Nil 638 Nil Nil Nil Nil


e) THINGSULTHLIAH R.D. BLOCK (Area in Ha.)

Sl. No

Name of the Village



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 (4+7) 10 (5+8) 1 Keifang 147 Nil 147 Nil Nil Nil Nil 147 2 Khumtung 45 Nil 45 Nil Nil Nil Nil 45

3 Seling, Thingsulthliah 20 Nil 20 Nil Nil Nil Nil 20

4 Sesawng 43 Nil 43 Nil Nil Nil Nil 43 5 Tlangnuam 101 Nil 101 Nil Nil Nil Nil 101 6 Saitual 109 Nil 109 Nil Nil Nil Nil 109 7 Lungpher 46 Nil 46 Nil Nil Nil Nil 46 8 Thingsul 51 Nil 51 Nil Nil Nil Nil 51 9 Tlungvel 155 Nil 155 Nil Nil Nil Nil 155 10 Maite 90 Nil 90 Nil Nil Nil Nil 90 11 Phuaibuang 50 Nil 50 Nil Nil Nil Nil 50 12 E.Phaileng 48 Nil 48 Nil Nil Nil Nil 48


GRAND TOTAL 2659 Nil 2659 Nil Nil Nil Nil 2659


Table 3.4 EXISTING TYPE OF IRRIGATION

Source : 5th M.I. Census Minor Irrigation Department, Mizoram.

NAME OF THE BLOCK : Aibawk R.D. Block

Source of

Irrigation

Surface Irrigation (1) Ground Water (2) Other

sources i/c

traditional WHS (3)

Treated effluent

discharged from STP

Water extraction devices/Lift Total

Canal Base Tanks / Ponds / Reservoirs Tube Wells Open Wells Bored Wells Electricity Pump (4)

Diesel pump

(5) Others

(6) Irrigation sources (1+2+3)

Water extracting

units (4+5+6)

Govt. Canal

Commu- unity/Pvt

Canal

Community ponds i/c

small ponds

Individual / Private Ponds

Govt Reservoirs

/ Dams Govt. Pvt. Community/

Govt Pvt. Govt Pvt.

No. 12 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 12 Nil

Command Area 563 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil


NAME OF THE BLOCK : Darlawn R.D. Block

Source of

Irrigation

Surface Irrigation (1) Groun Water (2) Other

sources i/c

traditional WHS (3)

Treated effluent

discharged from STP


Canal Base Tanks / Ponds / Reservoirs Tube Wells Open Wells Bored Wells

Electricity Pump (4)

Diesel pump

(5) Others


Water extracting

units (4+5+6)

Govt. Canal

Commu- unity/Pvt

Canal

Community ponds i/c

small ponds


Govt Reservoirs

/ Dams

Govt.

Pvt.

Community

/Govt Pvt.

Govt

Pvt.




NAME OF THE BLOCK : Phullen RD Block

Source of

Irrigation

Surface Irrigation (1) Groun Water (2)

Other sources

i/c traditional WHS (3)

Treated effluent

discharged from STP




Diesel pupm

(5) Others


Water extracting

units (4+5+6)

Govt. Canal

Commu- unity/Pvt

Canal

Community ponds i/c

small ponds


Govt Reservoirs

/ Dams

Govt.

Pvt.

Community/

Govt Pvt.

Govt

Pvt.




NAME OF THE BLOCK : Thingsulthliah RD Block

Source of

Irrigation

Surface Irrigation (1) Groun Water (2)

Other sources i/c traditional WHS (3)

Treated effluent

discharged from STP




Diesel pump (5)

Others (6)

Irrigation sources (1+2+3)

Water extracting

units (4+5+6)

Govt. Canal

Commu- unity/Pvt

Canal

Community ponds i/c

small ponds


Govt Reservoirs

/ Dams

Govt.

Pvt.

Community/

Govt Pvt.

Govt

Pvt.




NAME OF THE BLOCK : Tlangnuam RD Block

Source of

Irrigation

Surface Irrigation (1) Groun Water (2) Other

sources i/c

traditional WHS (3)

Treated effluent

discharged from STP




Diesel pump

(5) Others


Water extracting

units (4+5+6)

Govt. Canal

Commu- unity/Pvt

Canal

Community ponds i/c

small ponds


Govt Reservoirs

/ Dams

Govt.

Pvt.

Community/

Govt Pvt.

Govt

Pvt.



Command Area

GCA in Ha 2561 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil

CCA in Ha 2379 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil


Table 3.5 District-wise Ground Water Availability & Ground Water Extracted.

Sl. No. District Area

(in Ha.) Household

(in Nos.) Population

(in Nos.) Ground Water

Availability (MCUM)

Ground Water Extracted (MCUM)

1 Aizawl 3,57,631 82,524 4,00,309 0.00668 0.00176 2 Lunglei 4,53,800 33,058 1,61,428 0.00848 0.00224 3 Saiha 1,39,990 11,144 56,574 0.00262 0.00069 4 Champhai 3,18,583 25,520 1,25,745 0.00595 0.00157 5 Kolasib 1,38,251 17,270 83,955 0.00258 0.00068 6 Serchhip 1,42,160 12,622 64,937 0.00266 0.0007 7 Lawngtlai 2,55,710 22,984 1,17,894 0.00478 0.00126 8 Mamit 3,02,575 17,731 86,364 0.00565 0.00149

MIZORAM 21,08,700 2,22,853 10,97,206 0.0394 0.0104

3.6 Status of Ground Water Availability

Sl. No. District No Block Draft Stage of Ground water

development % Categorization 1 Aizawl 1 Aibawk 0.15mcm 3.94 % Safe 2 Darlawn 0.14mcm 3.94 % Safe 3 Phullen 0.13mcm 3.94 % Safe 4 Thingsulthliah 0.17mcm 3.94 % Safe 5 Tlangnuam 0.18mcm 3.94 % Safe

Source : CGWB


Chapter - IV WATER REQUIREMENT/DEMAND

4.1 Domestic Water Demand According to Froukh, the term ‘domestic water demand’ is the amount of water required for domestic uses. Water demand forecasting is essential to water utilities, both of day-to-day operations and for long-term planning. A number of factors like climate, culture, food habits, work and working conditions, level and type of development, and physiology determine the requirement of water. As per the Bureau of Indian Standards, a minimum water supply of 200 litres per capita per day (lpcd) should be provided for domestic consumption in cities with full flushing systems. It also mentions that the amount of water supply may be reduced to 135 lpcd for the LIG and the economically weaker sections (EWS) of the society and in small towns. All the calculation in this DIP is done by assuming the water demand 120 lpcd. a) Water Supply System in Mizoram i) Rural Water Supply:

Prior to 1972 the Government of India did not take much initiative in assisting drinking water supply programme in the rural areas and the same had been taken up from the State’s own resources in a small scale. With the launch of Accelerated Rural water Supply Programme (ARWSP) in the year 1972, The Government of India started playing effective role in the rural drinking water supply sector with the major thrust of ensuring provision of adequate drinking water supply to the rural community through the Public Health Engineering System. Since then, implementation of rural drinking water supply picked up with the help of funding from the Government of India.

In the year 1991 the programme was renamed as Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water mission with additional stress on water quality, appropriate technology intervention, human resources development support and other related activities. In the year 1999, the Government of India had further introduction Sector reform Project that stressed upon involvement of community in planning, implementation and management of drinking water related schemes.

The Rural Water Supply (RWS) sector, in the present phase, emphasizes on ensuring sustainability of water availability in terms of portability, adequacy, convenience, affordability and equity while also adopting decentralized approach involving PRIs and community organizations. Adequate flexibility is afforded to the State/UTs to incorporate the principles of decentralized, demand driven, area specified strategy taking into account all aspects of the sustainability of the sources, system, finance and management of the drinking water supply infrastructure. Adoption of


appropriate technology, revival of tradition systems, conjunctive use of surface and ground water, conservation, rain water harvesting and recharging of drinking water sources have been emphasized in the new approach. In the RWS sector sustainability of drinking water sources and system are a major issue. As a consequence, ensuring availability of drinking water both in terms of adequacy and quality, on sustainable basis, is the major challenge.

Water quality is impacted due to rising levels of manmade chemical pollutants such as pesticides and insecticides. The biological contamination of large number of drinking water sources is serious problem, primarily due to prevalent open defecation and insanitary conditions around the drinking water sources especially in rural villages. With the basic sanitation programme being implemented in the villages, the prevalence of water borne diseases such as diarrhea, cholera, etc. is being seen to have decreased but the incidence is still relevantly high in some parts of the State.

The National Goal in rural water supply is “To provide every rural person with adequate safe water for drinking, cooking and other domestic basic needs on a sustainable basis. The basic requirement should meet minimum water quality standards and be readily and conveniently accessible at all times and in all solutions”.

In terms of adequacy, the Government of Mizoram set the following minimum

water supply level in rural areas: Quantity (Lpcd)

Sl. No. Purpose Rural

1 Bathing 20 2 Flushing of W/C 15 3 Ablution 15 4 Washing of House & Utensils 12 5 Cooking 5 6 Drinking 3

Total 70

ii) Urban Water Supply:

Mizoram has 1 city and 22 Census Towns. With the continuous effort of the Department in providing water supply in urban towns much achievement have already been made. So far, fully covered status (70 Lpcd) have been achieved in 10 Towns. Out of the remaining 13 town, efforts has been made to achieve Norms for water supply Level which is 70 lpcd (135 lpcd where Sewerage system is contemplated) by preparing DPR as well as by constructing/augmenting existing Water Supply Schemes by pulling funds under various programme from Government of India. It is expected that all balance uncovered Towns will be fully covered under Government of India Programme


like JNNURM, UIDSSMT, NLCPR, NEC and 10% Lump Sum Grant. As on 1st April 2015, about 74,456 nos. of house water connections was provided in these city and urban towns. The programme is still underway to improve the level of water supply in quantity and quality. It is expected that all the towns would be fully covered by the end of 2020 AD.

The break-up of minimum water requirement for human consumption Set by the

Government of Mizoram in Urban Water Supply are as under: Quantity (Lpcd)

Sl. No. Purpose Urban

1 Bathing 30 2 Flushing of W/C 15 3 Ablution 20 4 Washing of House & Utensils 25 5 Cooking 20 6 Drinking 10

Total 120

4.1 Domestic Water Demand

Domestic Water Demand Department of Water Resource

Block Population 2015

Gross Water Requirement

(BCM) Population 2020

Gross Water Requirement

(BCM) Aibawk 18,597 0.001357581 20,618 0.001505114 Darlawn 28,321 0.002067433 31,399 0.002292127 Phullen 14,435 0.001053755 16,004 0.001168292 Thingsulthliah 40,650 0.00296745 45,068. 0.003289964 Tlangnuam 3,48,846 0.025465758 3,86,758 0.028233334

Total 4,34,750 0.032911977 4,81,997 0.035185781

Source : Economic Survey 2014 4.2 Crop Water Requirement: It is essential to know the water requirement of a crop which is the total quantity of water required from its sowing time up to harvest. Naturally different crops may have different water requirements at different places of the same country, depending upon the climate, type of soil, method of cultivation, effective rain etc. The total water required for crop growth is not uniformly distributed over its entire life span which is also called crop period. Actually, the watering stops same time before harvest and the time duration from the first irrigation during sowing up to the last before harvest is called base period, they do not differ from practical purposes.


The total depth of water required to raise a crop over a unit area of land is usually called delta. Some typical values of delta for common crops in some regions of India are as follows: Rice

- 1000mm to 1500mm for heavy soils or high water table - 1500mm to 2000mm for medium soils - 2000 to 2500 for light soils or deep water table - 1600mm to upland conditions

Oil Palm

- 300mm per day in for plant below 3 years old - 500mm per day for plant above 3 years old

Maize

- 100mm during rainy season - 500mm during winter season - 900mm during summer season

Horticulture Crops: 400 – 500mm Sugarcane

- 1400mm to 1500mm in Bihar - 1600mm to 1700mm in Andhra Pradesh - 1700mm to 1800mm in Punjab - 2200mm to 2400mm in Madhya Pradesh - 2800mm to 3000mm in Maharashtra

This information is based on Handbook of Agriculture (fifth edition, 2000) published

by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research.


Table 4.2 Crop Water Requirement

Block Crop Area sown (Ha)

Irrigated Area (Ha)

Crop Water

Demand

Water Potential Required (BCM))

Existing Water

Potential

Water Potential

to be created (BCM))

Remark

Aibawk Various Crop 6100 124 Various

data 0.0528 0.008300 0.046726 This includes area under Oil Palm, WRC, Oilseeds, pulses, Horticulture crops etc. considering dry period from Nov to March

Darlawn 8809 115 0.07624 0.001695 0.057519 Phullen 8970 95 0.077632 0.004600 0.045441 Thingsulthliah 7884 254 0.06824 0.010070 0.040019 Tlangnuam 3921 252 0.033936 0.010409 0.083686

Total 35684 840 0.308848 0.035074 0.273391

4.3 Livestock Water Demand

Global trend in animal production indicates a rapid and massive increase in the consumption of livestock products. It is predicted that meat and milk consumption will grow at 2.8 and 3.3% per annum respectively, in developing countries like India where the whole system of rural economy has revolved around livestock production. Providing enough quality water is essential for good livestock husbandry. Water makes up 80% of the blood, regulates body temperature and is vital for organ functions such as digestion, waste removal and the absorption of nutrients. Understanding daily livestock watering needs is key when designing a livestock watering system.

The daily water requirement of livestock varies significantly among animal species. The animal’s size and growth stage will have a strong influence on daily water intake. Consumption rate can be affected by environmental and management factors. Air temperature, relative humidity and the level of animal exertion or production level are examples of these factors. The quality of the water, which includes temperature, salinity and impurities affecting taste and odour, will also have an effect. The water content of the animal’s diet will influence its drinking habits. Feed with relatively high moisture content decreases the quantity of drinking water required. Given that drinking water needs are species, farm and management specific, many producers today are opting to install water-metering equipment to obtain accurate measurements of water use If medication is ever provided through the livestock’s watering system, the meter can be used to ensure proper dose rates.

Table 4.3 gives block water demand for livestock for current year and for 2020. Number of livestock as per 2011 census is 130216. Estimation is done based on livestock water demand which is different for types of animals. There is no additional water requirement as stored water is more than water requirement. 25% of water is reserved for this purpose in all current and future structures.


Table 4.3 Livestock Water Demand

Block Total number of Livestock

Present Water Demand (BCM))

Water Demand by 2020 (BCM))

Existing Water potential (BCM))

Water potential to be created

Small animals 31826 0.000541 0.001353 0.00040575 0.00094725 Large Animals 13640 0.000682 0.001705 0.0005115 0.0011935 Poultry 84750 4.24E-05 0.000106 0.0000318 0.0000742

Total 130216 0.001265 0.003164 0.00094875 0.00221525

Table 4.4 Total Water Demand at Various Sector

Sl. No. Block

Components Total BCM Domestic

(BCM)) Crop

(BCM)) Livestock

(BCM)) Industry (BCM))

Power Generation

1 Aibawk 0.001357581 0.04450 0.000353 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0462106 2 Darlawn 0.002067433 0.07455 0.000383 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0770004 3 Phullen 0.001053755 0.07303 0.0001053 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0741891 4 Thingsulthliah 0.00296745 0.05817 0.0001353 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0612728 5 Tlangnuam 0.025465758 0.02353 0.002191 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0511868

Total 0.032911977 0.27377 0.0031646 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.3098496

4.5 Water Budget

Name of Block

Existing Water Availability(BCM) Total Water Demand

(BCM) Water Gap

(BCM) Surface water

Ground water Present Project

2020 Present Project 2020

Aibawk 0.008300 0.000412 0.008120 0.04450 0.0528 0.036380 0.044680 Darlawn 0.001695 0.000506 0.002201 0.07455 0.07624 0.072349 0.074039 Phullen 0.004600 0.000225 0.004825 0.07303 0.077632 0.068205 0.072807 Thingsulthliah 0.010070 0.000431 0.010501 0.05817 0.06824 0.047669 0.057739 Tlangnuam 0.010409 0.000187 0.010596 0.02353 0.033936 0.012934 0.023340

Total 0.035074 0.00176 0.036834 0.27377 0.308848 0.236936 0.272014


Chapter – V STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN

Net Area Sown in Aizawl District is 35,684 Ha. out of which area is either partially or totally rainfed. Terrains, topography, forest area clearances, availability of skilled manpower, approachability of sites, presence of left wing extremism, land slope, availability quality power, land acquisition issues, site availability are some of the various factors which are determining the irrigation strategy for specific areas. Major crop in the district is Paddy crop, which consumes 1200mm of water. If in place of paddy, crops like maize, pulses and oilseeds are sown for the same available water, cropped are can be increased to four times. Changing crop pattern will also improve soil fertility and reduces crop vulnerability to droughts and diseases. In this regard, it may be mentioned that the water sector has very strong linkages with all other developmental activities. In view of fast changing development scenario, it is emphasized that the key priorities and identified strategies cannot be considered as static and firm. These need to be reviewed and improved upon from time to time. In this regard, a comprehensive “Strategic Plan for District Irrigation” has been prepared through geospatial approach. 5.1 Methodology Diverse research methodologies using RS and GIS have been applied by different authors to identify potential rainwater harvestings in remote and data scarce areas; in most of these methods, thematic maps are derived from remote sensing data and integrated in GIS to evaluate suitable sites for rainwater harvesting. Remote sensing is of immense use for natural resources mapping and generating necessary spatial database required as an input for GIS analysis. GIS is a tool for collecting, storing and analyzing spatial and non-spatial data, and developing a model based on local factors can be used to evaluate appropriate natural resources development and management action plans. Both these techniques can complement each other to be used as an effective tool for selecting suitable sites for water harvesting structures. In assessment of proposed rainwater harvesting structures potential using GIS and RS, outlines six key factors that require to be integrated into a GIS framework in order to successfully develop a suitable model for RWH. This include rainfall, hydrology (rainfall-runoff relationships), slope, land cover, soils (texture, structure, depth) and socio-economics of the area under consideration. The following criteria have been followed for making decision on selecting suitable site for various water harvesting structure as per National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA) guidelines.


Check dams – The slope should be less than 25 percent. The land use may be barren, shrub land and riverbed. The infiltration rate of the soil should be less. The type of soil should be sandy clay loam. Percolation tanks and nala bunds – The slope should be less than 10 percent. The infiltration rate of the soil should be moderately high. The land use/cover may be barren or scrub land. The type of soil should be silt loan. The suitability of WHS sites can be confirmed as the site is located on second and third order drainage and satisfies the conditions of land use, soil type and slope as per NMSA guidelines. Water harvesting structures are extremely important to conserved precious natural resources like, soil and water, which is depleting day by day at alarming rate. The following table provide strategic action plan for irrigation for each block as well as for whole district and estimated costs and period of implementation.


Table 5.1 Strategic Action Plan for Irrigation in Tlangnuam Block, Aizawl District under PMKSY: Per Drops More Crop

(Other Interventions)

(Rupees in lakh)

Sl. No.

Name of Block

Concerned Ministry Component Activity Total

Number/Capacity Command Area (Ha)

Period of Implementation

Estimated Cost Remarks

1 Tlangnuam Ministry of

Agriculture & Farmers Welfare

Per drop more crop (other

Intervention) Secondary Storage

Structures 50 200 5 years 100.00

Construction of Secondary Storage Structures with Poly lining, protective fence,

Connectivity from perennial source, inlet and outlet (Construction cost - Rs. 350 per

cum)




Intervention) Farm Ponds 75 150 5 years 67.50

50% of cost (Construction cost - Rs. 125 for plain/Rs. 150 per cum for hilly areas) limited to Rs. 75000 for plain areas and Rs. 90000

for hilly areas including lining.




Intervention) Tank Renovation &

Restoration 100 100 5 years 15.00 Restoration/Renovation of small tank. 50%

of the cost of renovation limited to Rs. 15,000/- per unit




Intervention) Pipe/pre-cast distribution

system 100 000 5 years 10.00 Pipe/pre-cast

distribution system. 50% of the cost of system limited to Rs. 10,000/- per ha.



Per drop more crop

Micro Irrigation at Open field Drip Irrigation

Systems (Wide spaced crop) 4m to <8m

40 40 Ha. 5 years 16.95 Spacing : 4m to <8m @ Rs 42,375/Ha



Per drop more crop

Micro Sprinkler Irrigation Systems (Closed spaced

crop) 40 40 Ha. 5 years 29.45 Small & Marginal Farmers & Rs. Rs

73,625/Ha

7 Tlangnuam Miniistry of

Land Resources

On Farm Development

In Situ Moisture Conservation 100 100 Ha. 5 Years 4.00

In-situ moisture conservation: land leveling, field bunding, mulching, broad bed and furrow system, 50% of cost limited to

Rs.4,000/- per ha.


Sl. No.

Name of Block

Concerned Ministry Component Activity Total Number Command

Area (Ha) Period of

Implementation Estimated

Cost Remarks

8 Tlangnuam Miniistry of Land Resources

Resource Conservation

Bench Terracing / Zing Terracing 100 100 Ha. 5 Years 20.00 50% of cost limited to Rs. 20,000/- per ha.

9 Tlangnuam

Miniistry of Land Resources Gully Control

Structure

Upper reach gully control bund(Earthen with vegetative support/loose boulder/gabion)

50 50 Ha. 5 Years 1.50

50% of the cost subject to a limit of Rs. 3,000/- per structure in case of individual and 100% in case of common land proposed in project mode with other activities.

10 Tlangnuam


Structure

Middle reach gully control bund (Earthen with vegetative support/loose boulder/check bund/gabions)

50 50 Ha. 5 Years 6.00 50% of cost subject to a limit of Rs. 12,000/- per structure in case of individual and 100% in case of common land proposed in project mode with other activities.

11 Tlangnuam


Structure

Lower reach gully control structure (Earthen with vegetative support/loose boulder/ check bund/gabions)

60 60 Ha. 5 Years 12.00


Total 282.40


Table 5.2 Strategic Action Plan for Irrigation in Darlawn Block, Aizawl District under PMKSY: Per Drops More Crop (Other Interventions)

Sl. No.

Name of Block





1 Darlawn Ministry of







cum)





















Per drop more crop






Per drop more crop



73,625/Ha

7 Darlawn Miniistry of

Land Resources

On Farm Development



Rs.4,000/- per ha.


Sl. No.

Name of Block


Area (Ha) Period of


Cost Remarks

8 Darlawn Miniistry of

Land Resources



9 Darlawn


Structure

Upper reach gully control bund(Earthen

with vegetative support/loose

boulder/gabion)

50 50 Ha. 5 Years 1.50


10 Darlawn


Structure

Middle reach gully control bund (Earthen

with vegetative support/loose boulder/check bund/gabions)


11 Darlawn


Structure

Lower reach gully control structure

(Earthen with vegetative support/loose boulder/ check bund/gabions)

50 50 Ha. 5 Years 10.00


Total 261.00


Table 5.3 Strategic Action Plan for Irrigation in Aibawk Block, Aizawl District under PMKSY: Per Drops More Crop (Other Interventions)

Sl. No.

Name of Block





1 Aibawk Ministry of







cum)





















Per drop more crop






Per drop more crop



73,625/Ha

7 Aibawk Miniistry of

Land Resources

On Farm Development



Rs.4,000/- per ha.


Sl. No.

Name of Block


Area (Ha) Period of


Cost Remarks

8 Aibawk Miniistry of

Land Resources



9 Aibawk


Structure



boulder/gabion)

50 50 Ha. 5 Years 1.50


10 Aibawk


Structure




11 Aibawk


Structure



60 60 Ha. 5 Years 12.00


Total 271.18


Table 5.4 Strategic Action Plan for Irrigation in Thingsulthliah Block, Aizawl District under PMKSY: Per Drops More Crop (Other Interventions)

Sl. No.

Name of Block





1 Thingsulthliah Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers

Welfare






cum)


Welfare






Welfare






Welfare


Intervention) Pipe/pre-cast

distribution system 80 80 5 years 8.00 Pipe/pre-cast



Welfare

Per drop more crop





Welfare

Per drop more crop

Micro Sprinkler Irrigation Systems

(Closed spaced crop) 50 50 Ha. 5 years 36.81 Small & Marginal Farmers & Rs. Rs

73,625/Ha

7 Thingsulthliah Miniistry of

Land Resources

On Farm Development



Rs.4,000/- per ha.


Sl. No.

Name of Block


Area (Ha) Period of


Cost Remarks

8 Thingsulthliah Miniistry of

Land Resources



9 Thingsulthliah


Structure



boulder/gabion)

30 30 Ha. 5 Years 0.90


10 Thingsulthliah


Structure




11 Thingsulthliah


Structure



50 50 Ha. 5 Years 10.00


Total 410.10


Table 5.5 Strategic Action Plan for Irrigation in Phullen Block, Aizawl District under PMKSY: Per Drops More Crop (Other Interventions)

Sl. No.

Name of Block





1 Phullen Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers

Welfare






cum)


Welfare






Welfare






Welfare


Intervention) Pipe/pre-cast

distribution system 30 30 5 years 3.00 Pipe/pre-cast



Welfare

Per drop more crop





Welfare

Per drop more crop

Micro Sprinkler Irrigation Systems

(Closed spaced crop) 20 20 Ha. 5 years 14.72 Small & Marginal Farmers & Rs. Rs

73,625/Ha

7 Phullen Miniistry of

Land Resources

On Farm Development



Rs.4,000/- per ha.


Sl. No.

Name of Block


Area (Ha) Period of


Cost Remarks

8 Phullen Miniistry of Land Resources




Gully Control Structure



boulder/gabion)

20 20 Ha. 5 Years 0.60

50% of the cost subject to a limit of Rs. 3,000/- per structure in case of individual

and 100% in case of common land proposed in project mode with other

activities.





40 40 Ha. 5 Years 4.80 50% of cost subject to a limit of Rs. 12,000/- per structure in case of individual and 100% in case of common land proposed in project

mode with other activities.





40 40 Ha. 5 Years 8.00

50% of the cost subject to a limit of Rs. 20,000/- per structure in case of individual

and 100% in case of common land proposed in project mode with other

activities.

Total 210.10


Table 5.6 Strategic Action for Irrigation in Aibawk Block, Aizawl District under PMKSY (Watershed Development Component)

Sl. No.

Name of the Block

Concerned Ministry/ Department Activity

Total Number/ Capacity

(cum)

Command Area/ Irrigation

Potential (Ha.)


(5/7 yrs) Estimate Cost (Rs. in lakh)

1 Aibawk Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD)/ Department of Land Resources (DoLR)

Plantation including Horticulture, Afforestation etc. - 906.27 5 135.94 Check dams 36 72.50 5 54.38 Terrace 151 75.52 5 45.31 Contour & Trench 121 60.42 5 36.25 Bunding 91 45.31 5 27.19 Other Soil & Water Conservation 60 30.21 5 18.13 Water Harvesting Structure 45 113.28 5 40.78 Farm pond 57 84.96 5 33.98 Percolation Tank 60 120.83 5 27.19 Pond/ Fishery 45 90.63 5 20.39 Other WHS 45 45.31 5 13.59 All Livelihood Activities 73 - 5 72.50 All Production & Micro-enterprise Activities 262 - 5 78.54


Table 5.7 Strategic Action for Irrigation in Darlawn Block, Aizawl District under PMKSY (Watershed Development Component)

Sl. No.

Name of the Block



(cum)


Potential (Ha.)



2 Darlawn Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD)/ Department of Land Resources (DoLR)



Table 5.8 Strategic Action for Irrigation in Thingsulthliah Block, Aizawl District under PMKSY (Watershed Development Component)

Sl. No.

Name of the Block



(cum)


Potential (Ha.)

Period of Implementation (5/

7 yrs) Estimate Cost (Rs. in lakh)

3 Thingsulthliah Ministry of Rural

Development (MoRD)/ Department of Land Resources (DoLR)



Table 5.9 Strategic Action for Irrigation in Tlangnuam Block, Aizawl District under PMKSY (Watershed Development Component)

Sl. No.

Name of the Block



(cum)


Potential (Ha.)



4 Tlangnuam Ministry of Rural


Plantation including Horticulture, Afforestation etc. - 1271.25 5 190.69 Checkdams 51 101.70 5 76.28 Terrace 212 105.94 5 63.56 Contour & Trench 170 84.75 5 50.85 Bunding 127 63.56 5 38.14 Other Soil & Water Conservation 85 169.50 5 25.43 Water Harvesting Structure 64 158.91 5 57.21 Farm pond 79 119.18 5 47.67 Percolation Tank 85 169.50 5 38.14 Pond/ Fishery 64 127.13 5 28.60 Other WHS 64 63.56 5 19.07 All Livelihood Activities 102 - 5 101.70 All Production & Micro-enterprise Activities 367 - 5 110.18


Table 5.10 Strategic Action for Irrigation in Phullen Block, Aizawl District under PMKSY (Watershed Development Component)

Sl. No.

Name of the Block



(cum)


Potential (Ha.)

Period of Implementation (5/

7 yrs) Estimate Cost (Rs. in lakh)

5 Phullen Ministry of Rural




Table 5.11 STRETEGIC PLAN OF MICRO IRRIGATION UNDER PMKSY FOR THE DISTRICT IRRIGATION PLAN (DIP),

(Aibawk Block, Aizawl District)

Sl. No. Technology

Category of

Farmers & spacing

Average Systems Cost (per Ha) as

per Scheme Guidelines

(Rs. in lakh)

Estimated No of

beneficiaries Targeted Area (Ha)

Total cost of installation (Rs. in lakh)

Sharing of amount among Central Govt. , State Govt. and beneficiary Share of

Central Govt./ Assistance

Sought from DAC&FW

(Rs in lakh) (54% of COI)

Mandatory State Govt.

Share (Rs in lakh) (6% of COI)

Beneficiary contribution (Rs in lakh)

(40% of COI)

Additional State Govt. Share, if any

(Additional Subsidy by State Govt. to

Beneficiaries) (Rs. in lakh)

Non- DPAP/DDP Non-

DPAP/DDP Non-

DPAP/DDP Non-

DPAP/DDP Non-

DPAP/DDP Non-

DPAP/DDP Non-

DPAP/DDP

1

Horticultural Crop: Micro Irrigation at Open field :

1). Drip Irrigation Systems (Wide spaced crop) S & M a) M. Orange 4m to <8m 0.42375 18 54 22.8825 12.35655 1.37295 9.153 - Kiwi 4m to <8m 0.42375 - - - - - - - c) Dragon fruit 2m-4m 0.73 90 90 65.70 35.478 3.942 26.28 - d) Grape 2m-4m 0.73 - - - - - - - 2). Drip Irrigation System (Closed spaced) S & M a) Flowers < 1.20m 1.25 30 30 37.50 20.25 2.25 15.00 - b) Vegetables < 1.20m 1.25 15 15 18.75 10.125 1.125 7.50 - c) Strawberry < 1.20m 1.25 20 20 25.00 13.50 1.50 10.00 -

2

Micro Irrigation under Protected Cultivation: 1). Drip irrigation System (Closed spaced) S & M a) Flowers < 1.20m 1.25 8 8 10.00 5.40 0.60 4.00 - b) Vegetables < 1.20m 1.25 4 4 5.00 2.70 0.30 2.00 - 2). Micro Sprinkler Irrigation Systems S & M a) Vegetables < 1.20m 0.73625 10 10 7.3625 3.97575 0.44175 2.945 - b) Flowers < 1.20m 0.73625 25 25 18.40625 9.93937 1.10436 7.3625 -

3

Agricultural crop: Micro Irrigation at Open field :

1) Drip Irrigation Systems (Wide spaced crop) S & M a) Oil Palm & other Agri. crop 4m to <8m 0.42375 - - - - - - -

4. Training Programmes (6 Nos. of trainings) 0.50 per training 180 - 3.00 3.00 - - - Grand total 400 256 213.60125 116.72467 12.63606 84.2405 -



(Darlawn Block, Aizawl District)

Technology Category

of farmers & Spacing

Average System Cost(per Ha) as

per scheme guidelines

(Rs. In lakhs)

Estimated No. of

beneficiaries

Targeted Area(Ha)

Total cost of installation (Rs. In lakh)

Sharing of amount among Central Govt. State Govt. and Beneficiary Share of Central

Govt/ Assistance

Sought from DAC &FW

(Rs. In lakh) 54% of COI


Share (Rs. In lakhs) (6% of COI)

Share of Beneficiary contribution (Rs. In lakh) (40% of COI)


(Additional Subsidy by state Govt to beneficiaries) (Rs. In lakh)

Non-DPAP/DDP Non- DPAP/DDP

Non- DPAP/DDP Non-DPAP/DDP Non-

DPAP/DDP Non-

DPAP/DDP

A. Horticultural Crop: 1. Micro Irrigation at Open field: 1) Drip Irrigation System (Wide spaced crop) S &M a) M. Orange 4m to < 8m 0.42375 20 60 25.425 13.7295 1.5255 10.17 b) Kiwi 4m to < 8m 0.42375 c) Dragon fruit 2m-4m 0.73 80 80 58.4 31.536 3.504 23.36 d) Grape 2m-4m 0.73 2) Drip Irrigation System (Closed spaced) S &M a) Flowers < 1.20m 1.25 25 25 31.25 16.875 1.875 12.5 b) Vegetables < 1.20m 1.25 24 24 30 16.2 1.8 12 c) Strawberry < 1.20m 1.25 30 30 37.5 20.25 2.25 15 2. Micro Irrigation under Protected Cultivation: 1) Drip Irrigation System (Closed spaced) S &M a) Flowers < 1.20m 1.25 35 35 43.75 23.625 1.5 17.5 b) Vegetables 1.20m 1.25 20 20 25 13.5 1.5 10 2) Micro Sprinkler Irirgation Systems S &M a) Vegetables < 1.20m 0.73625 25 25 18.40625 9.939375 1.104375 7.3625 b) Flowers < 1.20m 0.73625 24 24 17.67 9.5418 1.0602 7.068 B. Agricultural Crop: 1. Micro Irrigation at open field: a) Drip Irrigation Systems (Wide spaced crop) S &M b) Oil Palm 4m to 8m 0.42375 C. Training Programmes (6 Nos. of trainings) 0.50 per training 3 3

Sub Total 290.40125 158.196675 16.119075 114.9605



(Thingsulthliah Block, Aizawl District)

Technology Category




(Rs. in lakhs)

Estimated No. of

beneficiaries

Targeted Area(Ha)


Sharing of amount among Central Govt. State Govt. and Beneficiary Share of Central

Govt/ Assistance

Sought from DAC &FW


Mandatory Tate Govt.

Share (Rs.in lakhs) (6% of COI)



(Additional Subsidy by state

Govt to beneficiaries) (Rs. In lakh)

Non-DPAP/DDP Non- DPAP/DDP

Non- DPAP/DDP Non- DPAP/DDP Non-

DPAP/DDP Non-

DPAP/DDP A. Horticultural Crop: 1. Micro Irrigation at Open field: 1) Drip Irrigation System (Wide spaced crop) S &M a) M. Orange 4m to < 8m 0.42375 72 216 91.53 49.4262 5.4918 36.612 b) Kiwi 4m to < 8m 0.42375 65 130 55.0875 29.74725 3.30525 22.035 c) Dragon fruit 2m-4m 0.73 190 190 138.7 74.898 8.322 55.48 d) Grape 2m-4m 0.73 50 100 73 39.42 4.38 29.2 2) Drip Irrigation System (Closed spaced) S &M 0 0 0 0 a) Flowers < 1.20m 1.25 95 95 118.75 64.125 7.125 47.5 b) Vegetables < 1.20m 1.25 120 120 150 81 9 60 c) Strawberry < 1.20m 1.25 150 150 187.5 101.25 11.25 75 2. Micro Irrigation under Protected Cultivation: 0 0 0 0 1) Drip Irrigation System (Closed spaced) S &M 0 0 0 0 a) Flowers < 1.20m 1.25 140 140 175 94.5 10.5 70 b) Vegetables 1.20m 1.25 112 112 140 75.6 8.4 56 2) Micro Sprinkler Irrigation Systems S &M 0 0 0 0 a) Vegetables < 1.20m 0.73625 100 100 73.625 39.7575 4.4175 29.45 b) Flowers < 1.20m 0.73625 110 110 80.9875 43.73325 4.85925 32.395 B. Agricultural Crop: 0 0 0 0 1. Micro Irrigation at open field: 0 0 0 0 a) Drip Irrigation Systems (Wide spaced crop) S &M 0 0 0 0 b) Oil Palm 4m to 8m 0.42375 554 1108 469.515 253.5381 28.1709 187.806 C. Training Programmes (27 Nos. of trainings) 0.50 per training 13.5 13.5 D. Administrative cost/contingency @ 5% 51.5047 51.5047

Grand Total 1758 2571 1818.6997 1012 105.2217 701.478


'Table 5.14 STRETEGIC PLAN OF MICRO IRRIGATION UNDER PMKSY FOR THE DISTRICT IRRIGATION PLAN (DIP), (Phullen Block, Aizawl District)

Technology

Category of farmers & Spacing



(Rs. In lakhs)

Estimated No. of

beneficiaries

Targeted Area(Ha)


Sharing of amount among Central Govt. State Govt. and Beneficiary Share of

Central Govt/ Assistance

Sought from DAC &FW




Share of Beneficiary contribution (Rs. in lakh) (40% of COI)




Non- DPAP/DDP Non- DPAP/DDP

Non- DPAP/DDP

Non- DPAP/DDP

Non- DPAP/DDP

Non- DPAP/DDP

A. Horticultural Crop: 1. Micro Irrigation at Open field: 1) Drip Irrigation System (Wide spaced crop) S &M a) M. Orange 4m to < 8m 0.42375 121 363 153.82125 83.063475 9.229275 61.5285 b) Kiwi 4m to < 8m 0.42375 100 200 84.75 45.765 5.085 33.9 c) Dragon fruit 2m-4m 0.73 200 200 146 78.84 8.76 58.4 d) Grape 2m-4m 0.73 180 180 131.4 70.956 7.884 52.56 2) Drip Irrigation System (Closed spaced) S &M a) Flowers < 1.20m 1.25 140 140 175 94.5 10.5 70 b) Vegetables < 1.20m 1.25 130 130 162.5 87.75 9.75 65 c) Strawberry < 1.20m 1.25 160 160 200 108 12 80 2. Micro Irrigation under Protected Cultivation: 1) Drip Irrigation System (Closed spaced) S &M a) Flowers < 1.20m 1.25 150 150 187.5 101.25 11.25 75 b) Vegetables 1.20m 1.25 134 134 167.5 90.45 10.05 67 2) Micro Sprinkler Irrigation Systems S &M a) Vegetables < 1.20m 0.73625 140 140 103.075 55.6605 6.1845 41.23 b) Flowers < 1.20m 0.73625 140 140 103.075 55.6605 6.1845 41.23 B. Agricultural Crop: 1. Micro Irrigation at open field: a) Drip Irrigation Systems (Wide spaced crop) S &M b) Oil Palm 4m to 8m 0.42375 691 1382 585.6225 316.23615 35.13735 234.249 C. Training Programmes (27 Nos. of trainings) 0.50 per training 13.5 13.5 D. Administrative cost/contingency @ 5% 63.368375 63.368375

Grand Total 2286 3319 2277.11213 1265 132.014625 880.0975


Table 5.15 STRETEGIC PLAN OF MICRO IRRIGATION UNDER PMKSY FOR THE DISTRICT IRRIGATION PLAN (DIP), (Tlangnuam Block, Aizawl District)

Technology Category


Average System Cost(per Ha) as per scheme guidelines

(Rs. In lakhs)

Estimated No. of

beneficiaries

Targeted Area (Ha)


Sharing of amount among Central Govt. State Govt. and Beneficiary Share of

Central Govt/ Assistance

Sought from DAC &FW








Non-DPAP/DDP Non-DPAP/DDP

Non-DPAP/DDP Non-DPAP/DDP Non-

DPAP/DDP Non-

DPAP/DDP

A. Horticultural Crop: 1. Micro Irrigation at Open field: 1) Drip Irrigation System (Wide spaced crop) S &M a) M. Orange 4m to < 8m 0.42375 154 462 195.7725 105.71715 11.74635 78.309 b) Kiwi 4m to < 8m 0.42375 150 300 127.125 68.6475 7.6275 50.85 c) Dragon fruit 2m-4m 0.73 250 250 182.5 98.55 10.95 73 d) Grape 2m-4m 0.73 230 230 167.9 90.666 10.074 67.16 2) Drip Irrigation System (Closed spaced) S &M a) Flowers < 1.20m 1.25 170 170 212.5 114.75 12.75 85 b) Vegetables < 1.20m 1.25 180 180 225 121.5 13.5 90 c) Strawberry < 1.20m 1.25 200 200 250 135 15 100 2. Micro Irrigation under Protected Cultivation: 1) Drip Irrigation System (Closed spaced) S &M a) Flowers < 1.20m 1.25 170 170 212.5 114.75 12.75 85 b) Vegetables 1.20m 1.25 170 170 212.5 114.75 12.75 85 2) Micro Sprinkler Irrigation Systems S &M a) Vegetables < 1.20m 0.73625 162 162 119.2725 64.40715 7.15635 47.709 b) Flowers < 1.20m 0.73625 160 160 117.8 63.612 7.068 47.12 B. Agricultural Crop: 1. Micro Irrigation at open field: a) Drip Irrigation Systems (Wide spaced crop) S &M b) Oil Palm 4m to 8m 0.42375 691 1732 733.935 396.3249 44.0361 293.574 C. Training Programmes (27 Nos. of trainings) 0.50 per training 13.5 13.5 D. Administrative cost/contingency @ 5% 78.8253 78.8253

Grand Total 2687 4186 2849.1303 1581 165.4083 1102.722


Table 5.16 Strategic Action Plan of Aizawl District under PMKSY (Har Khet Ko Paani)

Sl. No. Name of District/RD Block/Project Location Total Cost CCA

(in Ha.) Year-wise outlay (in lakh of rupees) Spillover

Amount/ Projects 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 Total

AIZAWL DISTRICT

A. Aibawk RD Block

1 Sihpuizau MIP Chawilung 108.00 44.00 40.00 50.00 18.00 108.00 2 Dingzer zau MIP Phulpui 100.00 40.00 30.00 30.00 40.00 100.00 3 Daithlangram MI Project Sialsuk 100.00 40.00 20.00 50.00 30.00 100.00 4 Khuaihnuai MI Project Hmuifang 125.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 25.00 125.00 5 Sihpuizawlzau MI Project Phulpui 75.00 30.00 20.00 30.00 25.00 75.00 6 Tawngbawk MI Project Sialsuk 137.50 55.00 40.00 60.00 37.50 137.50 7 Tlangtla MI Project Sialsuk 137.50 55.00 40.00 50.00 47.50 137.50 8 Tuikhurluizau MI Project Thenzawl 112.50 45.00 50.00 40.00 22.50 112.50 9 Khamrang zau MI Project Muallungthu 87.50 35.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 57.50 10 Uitiam MI Project Sialsuk 125.00 50.00 20.00 45.00 65.00 60.00 11 Zawlpalram MI Project Ph-11 Tachhip 100.00 40.00 20.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 12 Tlawngkual lui MI Project Samlukhai 112.50 45.00 12.50 12.50 100.00 13 Tuikhurdung zau MI Project Hlimen 75.00 30.00 15.00 15.00 60.00 14 Tuizualzau MI Project Muallungthu 235.00 94.00 80.00 100.00 180.00 55.00

Sub-Total : Aibawk RD Block

1630.50 653.00 40.00 150.00 298.00 405.00 345.00 1238.00 392.50

Number of Project:

14 1 4 8 11 10 14 6



in ha. Year-wise outlay (in lakh of rupees) Spillover


B. Tlangnuam R.D Block 1 Khawhnuai MIP Sihphir 148.00 60 52.00 70.00 26.00 148.00

2 Dampui zau MIP Chaltlang 100.00 40 30.00 50.00 20.00 100.00 3 Phunchawngzawl zau Tanhril 115.00 46 40.00 55.00 20.00 115.00 4 Tuipawl zau MIP Sihphir 100.00 40 40.00 40.00 20.00 100.00 5 Zotui zau Mualpui 100.00 40 - 20.00 30.00 50.00 50.00 6 Tuisen zau Tuirial 135.00 54 - 35.00 50.00 85.00 50.00

Sub-Total : Tlangnuam RD Block 698.00 280.00 52.00 100.00 156.00 170.00 120.00 598.00 100.00

Number of Project: 6 0 1 4 4 3 4 1




C. Darlawn R.D Block 1 Zihzawlhnai zau MIP Buhban 107.50 43 30.00 50.00 27.50 107.50 2 Khuailui MIP N.Lungpher 100.00 40 40.00 50.00 10.00 100.00 3 Lower Tuiphu MIP Khawruhlian 92.50 37 30.00 40.00 22.50 92.50 4 Ramrimual MIP Pehlawn 200.00 80 60.00 80.00 140.00 60.00 5 Ruangva zau MIP Darlawn 87.50 35 12.50 12.50 75.00

Sub-Total : Darlawn RD Block 587.50 235.00 - 60.00 130.00 160.00 102.50 452.50 135.00



D. Thingsul R.D Block 1 Patkhuih MIP Thingsul 92.50 37.00 40.00 30.00 22.50 92.50 2 Rawkai MIP Tlungvel 112.50 45.00 40.00 60.00 12.50 112.50 3 Sihpui lui MIP Thingsulthliah 145.00 58.00 50.00 60.00 35.00 145.00 4 Zomandarin MIP Thingsul 100.00 40.00 20.00 30.00 50.00 50.00 5 Seling MIP Seling 100.00 40.00 20.00 20.00 80.00

Sub-Total : Thingsul RD Block 550.00 220.00 130.00 170.00 120.00 420.00 130.00

Number of Project: 5 3 4 5 5 2

E. Phullen R.D Block 1 Tuivawl MIP Sihfa 150.00 60.00

50.00 70.00 30.00 150.00

2 Phaitlangram MIP Ratu 112.50 45.00 40.00 50.00 22.50 112.50 3 Phunchawngzawl MIP Phuaibuang 165.00 66.00 60.00 80.00 25.00 165.00 4 Changzawl MIP Zawngin 80.00 32.00 30.00 20.00 50.00 30.00 5 Thenzawl zau MIP Phullen 175.00 70.00 30.00 60.00 90.00 85.00 6 Zawlpal MIP Tuivawl 137.50 55.00 40.00 80.00 120.00 17.50 7 Rungdil MIP Suangpuilawn 80.00 32.00 40.00 40.00 40.00

Sub-Total : Phullen RD Block 900.00 360.00 50.00 170.00 260.00 247.50 727.50 172.50

Number of Project: 7 1 3 6 6 7 4

Total : Aizawl District 4,608.50 1,845.00 92.00

360.00

884.00

1,165.00 985.00 3,486.00

1,122.50

Total Number of Projects 38 2 9 21 30 29 38 17


Table 5.17 Strategic Action Plan of Aizawl District under PMKSY (CAD)


in ha. Year-wise outlay (in lakh of rupees) Spillover Amount/ Projects

2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 Total

A. Aibawk RD Block

1 Dingzer zau MIP Phulpui 56.00 40.00

16.00 30.00 10.00

56.00 2 Daithlangram MI Project Sialsuk 56.00 40.00

30.00 20.00 16.00

66.00

3 Khuaihnuai MI Project Hmuifang 70.00 50.00

35.00 25.00 10.00

70.00 4 Sihpuizawlzau MI Project Phulpui 42.00 30.00

25.00 10.00 7.00 42.00

5 Tawngbawk MI Project Sialsuk 77.00 55.00

40.00 27.00 10 77.00 6 Tlangtla MI Project Sialsuk 77.00 55.00

40.00 27.00 10 77.00

7 Tuikhurluizau MI Project Thenzawl 63.00 45.00

35.00 20.00 8 63.00 8 Khamrang zau MI Project Muallungthu 49.00 35.00

20.00 10 30.00 19.00

9 Uitiam MI Project Sialsuk 70.00 50.00

40.00 20 60.00 10.00 10 Zawlpalram MI Project Ph-11 Tachhip 56.00 40.00

30.00 16 46.00 10.00

11 Tlawngkual lui MI Project Samlukhai 63.00 45.00

20 20.00 43.00 12 Tuikhurdung zau MI Project Hlimen 42.00 30.00

20 20.00 22.00

13 Tuizualzau MI Project Muallungthu 131.60 94.00

50.00 40 90.00 41.60 14 Laului Sailam 77.00 55.00

30.00 20.00 27.00

77.00

15 Sailamzawl Sialsuk 49.00 35.00

20.00 20.00 9.00

49.00 16 Khuangthlihnar Sialsuk 35.00 25.00

10.00 15.00 10.00

35.00





A. Aibawk RD Block

17 Likphai Sialsuk 67.20 48.00

20.00 27.20 20.00 67.20 18 Changte Samlukhai 86.80 62.00

20.00 50.00 16.80 86.80

19 Selum Samlukhai 18.20 13.00

5.00 8.20 13.20 5.00 20 Bawltephul Lamchhip 84.00 60.00

30.00 30.00 60.00 24.00

21 Sihdarh Saitual 70.00 50.00

20.00 30.00 50.00 20.00 22 Tuiritai Sumsuih 63.00 45.00

15.00 25.00 40.00 23.00

23 Darkhuang Muallungthu 140.00 100.00

40.00 40.00 100.00 24 Zawlpalram Tachhip 49.00 35.00

19.00 19.00 30.00

Sub-Total : Aibawk RD Block

1591.80 1137.00

141.00 310.00 453.20 350.00 1254.20 347.60

Number of Project:

24

6 12 20 18 24 12

B. Tlangnuam RD Block

2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 Total 1 Zawngram MIP Sakawrtuichhun 98.00 70.00

40.00 30.00 28.00 98.00 -

2 Dampui zau MIP Chaltlang 56.00 40.00

30.00 20.00 6.00

56.00 3 Phunchawngzawl zau Tanhril 64.40 46.00

30.00 20.00 14.00 64.00

4 Tuipawl zau MIP Sihphir 56.00 40.00

30.00 20.00 6.00 56.00 5 Zotui zau Mualpui 56.00 40.00

25.00 20.00 45.00 11.00

6 Tuisen zau Tuirial 75.60 54.00

40.00 20.00 60.00 15.60 7 Lungtatparzau MIP Durtlang 135.80 97.00

50.00 50.00 85.80

Sub-Total : Tlangnuam RD Block

541.80 387.00

30.00 120.00 141.00 138.00 429.00 112.40

Number of Project:

7

1 4 6 6 7 4


C.Darlawn RD Block

2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 Total

1 Kaihzawl MIP Keifang 28.00 20.00

8.00 10.00 10.00

28.00 2 Chhimluang MIP Saitual 75.60 54.00

20.60 30.00 25.00 75.60

3 Tuiphu MIP E.Phaileng 56.00 40.00

20.00 20.00 40.00 16.00 4 Zihzawlhnai zau MIP Buhban 60.20 43.00

30.00 20.00 10.20

60.20 -

5 Khuailui MIP N.Lungpher 56.00 40.00

30.00 20.00 6.00 56.00 - 6 Lower Tuiphu MIP Khawruhlian 51.80 37.00

20.00 20.00 11.80

51.80 -

7 Ramrimual MIP Pehlawn 112.00 80.00

50.00 30.00 80.00 32.00 8 Ruangva zau MIP Darlawn 49.00 35.00

20.00 20.00 29.00

Sub-Total : Darlawn RD Block

488.60 349.00

58.00 100.60 152.00 101.00 411.60 77.00

Number of Project:

8

3 5 7 5 8 6

D. Thingsul RD Block

2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 Total

1 Sakei lui MIP Thingsul Tlangnuam 42.00 30.00

10.00 20.00 12.00 42.00

2 Damdiai MIP Sesawng 26.60 19.00

10.00 10.00 6.60

26.60 3 Lunghret MIP Tuirial 35.00 25.00

5.00 10.00 20.00

35.00

4 Sarualzawl MIP Maite 84.00 60.00

20.00 30.00 34.00 84.00 5 Sathanglui MIP Thingsul 70.00 50.00

28.00 30.00 12.00 70.00

6 Zilngai MIP Tlungvel 70.00 50.00

20.00 20.00 50.00 7 Patkhuih MIP Thingsul 51.80 37.00

30.00 12.00 9.80 51.80 -

8 Rawkai MIP Tlungvel 63.00 45.00

30.00 20.00 13.00 63.00 - 9 Sihpui lui MIP Thingsulthliah 81.20 58.00

40.00 30.00 11.20 81.20 -

10 Zomandarin MIP Thingsul 56.00 40.00

25.00 20.00 45.00 11.00 11 Seling MIP Seling 56.00 40.00

20.00 20.00 36.00

Sub-Total : Thingsul RD Block

635.60 454.00

15.00 178.00 193.60 152.00 538.60 97.00

Number of Project:

11

2 8 9 9 11 6


E. Phullen RD Block 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 Total 1 Buhchangdil MIP Phuaibuang 63.00 45.00 13.00 30.00 20.00 0.00 63.00 0.00 2 Changzawl MIP Zawngin 44.80 32.00 14.00 20.00 10.00 44.00 3 Tawkzawl MIP Phuaibuang 16.80 12.00 5.00 7.00 12.00 4.80 4 Tuiriza MIP Phullen 105.00 75.00 25.00 25.00 80.00 5 Tuivawl MIP Sihfa 84.00 60.00 40.00 30.00 14.00 84.00 0.00 6 Phaitlangram MIP Ratu 63.00 45.00 30.00 20.00 13.00 63.00 0.00 7 Phunchawngzawl MIP Phuaibuang 92.40 66.00 40.00 30.00 22.40 92.40 0.00 8 Changzawl MIP Zawngin 44.80 32.00 20.00 15.00 35.00 9.80 9 Thenzawl zau MIP Phullen 98.00 70.00 30.00 20.00 50.00 48.00 10 Zawlpal MIP Tuivawl 77.00 55.00 40.00 15.00 55.00 22.00 11 Rungdil MIP Suangpuilawn 44.80 32.00 20.00 20.00 24.80

Sub-Total : Phullen RD Block 733.60 524.00 67.00 150.00 189.00 137.40 543.40 189.40


Total : Aizawl District

3,991.40 2,851.00 - 311.00 858.60 1,128.80 878.40 3,176.80 823.40

Total Number of Projects

61 0 15 34 51 47 61 38


Table 5.18 Strategic Action Plan for Irrigation in District under PMKSY & MGNREGA

Sl. No.

Name of the Blocks / Sub District

Concerned Ministry /

Department Component Activity

Total Number / Capacity

(cum)

Command Area /

Irrigation Potential (

Ha)


( 5/7 yrs) Estimated Cost

(in Rs.)

1. Tlangnuam MoRD MGNREGA Irrigation 17 9 5 39,50,000.00 Newly created WHS

DoLR- MoRD MGNREGA

Farm Pond 74 6 5 22,20,000.00 Check Dam 7 2 5 6,40,000.00 Percolation Tank 2 .3 5 2,30,000.00 Other ground water recharge structure 13 13 5 40,80,000.00 Fishery pond / Cattle pond 13 14 5 87,90,000.00

Renovated WHS DoLR- MoRD MGNREGA Fishery pond / Cattle pond 1 .0001 5 60,000.00

DoLR- MoRD Convergence with MGNREGA

Water Conservation 9 8 5 21,80,000.00 Land Development 14 9 5 43,00,000.00

2. Aibawk MoRD MGNREGA Irrigation 59 8 5 8,70,000.00 Newly created WHS

DoLR- MoRD MGNREGA

Farm Pond 131 21 5 39,00,000.00 Other ground water recharge structure 40 6 5 18,10,000.00

Fishery pond / Cattle pond 124 17 5 70,00,000.00


Land Development 183 9 5 21,90,000.00


Sl. No.





(cum)

Command Area /

Irrigation Potential ( Ha)


( 5/7 yrs) Estimated Cost

(in Rs.)

3. Phullen MoRD MGNREGA Irrigation 2 3 5 16,00,000.00 Newly created WHS

DoLR- MoRD MGNREGA Farm Pond 45 14 5 13,50,000.00 Fishery pond / Cattle pond 24 10.5 5 35,60,000.00


Land Development 1 3.4 5 12,00,000.00

4. Thingsulthliah Newly created WHS

DoLR- MoRD MGNREGA Farm Pond 89 9 5 26,70,000.00

MGNREGA Check Dam 2 .1 5 50,000.00 Fishery pond / Cattle pond 18 11 5 20,75,000.00

Renovated WHS DoLR- MoRD MGNREGA Fishery pond / Cattle pond 20 4 5 10,50,000.00

DoLR- MoRD Convergence with MGNREGA Land Development 582 18 5 57,40,000.00


Sl. No.





(cum)

Command Area / Irrigation

Potential ( Ha)

Period of Implementation ( 5/7 yrs)

Estimated Cost (in Rs.)

5. Saitual (Thingsul)

MoRD MGNREGA Irrigation 16 6 5 26,70,000.00 Newly created WHS

DoLR- MoRD PMKSY Watershed

Farm Pond 63 7 5 18,90,000.00 Percolation tank 11 2 5 6,90,000.00 Fishery pond / Cattle pond 149 19 5 110,40,000.00

Renovated WHS DoLR- MoRD MGNREGA Fishery pond / Cattle pond 25 5 5 11,80,000.00


6. Darlawn MoRD MGNREGA Irrigation 6 8 5 28,70,000.00 Newly created WHS

DoLR- MoRD

MGNREGA Farm Pond 34 4 5 10,20,000.00 MGNREGA Check Dam 5 2 5 10,50,000.00

MGNREGA Other ground water recharge structure 8 3 5 15,10,000.00

MGNREGA Fishery pond / Cattle pond 20 12 5 88,40,000.00 Renovated WHS

DoLR- MoRD MGNREGA Check Dam 2 3 5 12,20,000.00


7. Sakawrdai (Darlawn)

Newly created WHS DoLR- MoRD MGNREGA Farm Pond 14 2.5 5 4,20,000.00

Total 10,09,85,000.00


DISTRICT IRRIGATION PLAN

Table 5.19 Budget Details for Proposed Component in the District Irrigation Plan of Aizawl District

Sl. No. Department Component Amount

(Rs. in Lakh) Remarks

1 Agriculture Department PMKSY Per Drop More Crop (Other Intervention) 1,434.780 2 Horticulture Department PMKSY Per Drop More Crop (Micro Irrigation) 7,448.945 3 Rural Development Department PMKSY Watershed (IWMP) 4029.98 4 Minor Irrigation Department a) PMKSY (Har Khet Ko Pani) 4608.50 b) CAD 3991.40 5 Rural Development : DRDA MGNREGA 1009.85

Total

22523.46


Table 5.20 Population Census of Aizawl District, Mizoram

District Code

Town/Village Code

Name of Village

Rural/ Urban

No. of Household

Total population

Total Popu Male

Total Popu

Female

Age Group 0 - 6

years

Schedule Caste

Schedule Tribe Literates Total

Workers Main

Workers

283 000000 Aizawl Total 82524 400309 199270 201039 52357 627 373542 340595 174636 151410 283 000000 Aizawl Rural 17328 85555 43780 41775 13178 46 83343 69775 44412 40272 283 000000 Aizawl Urban 65196 314754 155490 159264 39179 581 290199 270820 130224 111138 283 000000 Darlawn Total 5233 26048 13377 12671 4230 2 25488 20754 12845 11668 283 000000 Darlawn Rural 4437 22279 11519 10760 3696 2 21808 17696 11233 10203 283 000000 Darlawn Urban 796 3769 1858 1911 534 0 3680 3058 1612 1465 283 271185 Zokhawthiang Rural 156 955 491 464 222 0 950 713 311 309 283 271186 Kani Rural 45 224 120 104 51 0 222 170 118 118 283 271187 N.Tinghmun Rural 134 873 447 426 160 0 867 686 421 357 283 271188 Zohmun Rural 255 1399 720 679 239 0 1364 1084 661 579 283 271189 Palsang Rural 69 370 189 181 72 0 370 293 206 205 283 271190 Upper Sakawrdai Rural 30 144 71 73 33 0 139 108 67 66 283 271191 Lower Sakawrdai Rural 464 2505 1275 1230 383 0 2448 2091 1163 1053 283 271192 N.Khawdungsei Rural 48 251 140 111 44 0 251 200 119 66 283 271193 Vaitin Rural 214 1069 556 513 181 0 1063 833 445 397 283 271194 Khawpuar Rural 102 556 284 272 115 0 554 426 282 220 283 271197 Vervek Rural 40 205 107 98 36 0 204 148 127 127 283 271198 Thingsat Rural 43 154 81 73 17 0 152 125 98 77 283 271199 New Vervek Rural 150 729 386 343 152 0 720 536 397 384 283 271200 Lungsum Rural 95 413 222 191 69 0 409 314 199 198 283 271201 Ratu Rural 435 2176 1129 1047 345 2 2059 1710 1183 1018 283 271202 Sunhluchhip Rural 101 568 304 264 155 0 566 404 195 191 283 271203 Sailutar Rural 97 536 265 271 83 0 523 418 288 276 283 271205 N.Serzawl Rural 127 601 355 246 88 0 586 454 372 372 283 271206 Sawleng Rural 301 1452 727 725 190 0 1423 1215 765 696


District Code

Town/Village Code

Name of Village

Rural/ Urban

No. of Household

Total population

Total Popu Male

Total Popu

Female

Age Group 0 - 6

years

Schedule Caste


Workers Main

Workers

283 271207 Chhanchhuahna Khawpui Rural 36 134 67 67 18 0 113 110 75 74 283 271208 Kepran Rural 167 708 366 342 89 0 682 587 434 428 283 271209 E.Phaileng Rural 236 1141 597 544 176 0 1123 906 689 684 283 271210 Pehlawn Rural 147 685 334 351 100 0 671 556 376 374 283 271212 Khanpui Rural 309 1499 792 707 224 0 1431 1215 806 541 283 271213 Khawruhlian Rural 479 2111 1065 1046 300 0 2103 1769 1074 1037 283 271215 Hmunnghak Rural 61 316 160 156 51 0 316 254 162 162 283 271216 Lailak Rural 96 505 269 236 103 0 499 371 200 194 283 801504 Darlawn (NT) Urban 796 3769 1858 1911 534 0 3680 3058 1612 1465 283 801504 Darlawn (NT) WARD NO.-0001 Urban 796 3769 1858 1911 534 0 3680 3058 1612 1465 283 000000 Phullen Total 2514 13303 6767 6536 2100 0 13126 10705 6733 5748 283 000000 Phullen Rural 2514 13303 6767 6536 2100 0 13126 10705 6733 5748 283 000000 Phullen Urban 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 283 271217 N.Khawlek Rural 147 769 395 374 130 0 760 604 429 274 283 271218 Vanbawng Rural 220 1231 609 622 195 0 1226 1017 686 684 283 271219 Lamherh Rural 113 598 312 286 122 0 595 448 316 316 283 271220 Suangpuilawn Rural 379 1724 883 841 262 0 1682 1402 908 705 283 271221 Zawngin Rural 115 617 310 307 110 0 610 460 386 225 283 271222 Phullen Rural 380 1911 954 957 288 0 1861 1562 924 857 283 271223 Thanglailung Rural 144 785 412 373 94 0 783 676 433 329 283 271224 Luangpawn Rural 94 469 244 225 88 0 455 360 276 160 283 271225 Phuaibuang Rural 398 2134 1087 1047 315 0 2098 1718 1121 961 283 271226 Khawlian Rural 334 1804 942 862 276 0 1799 1436 688 688 283 271227 N.E.Tlangnuam Rural 97 658 318 340 111 0 656 530 245 242 283 271228 Daido Rural 93 603 301 302 109 0 601 492 321 307 283 000000 Aibawk Total 3507 17128 8758 8370 2570 0 16790 14271 9272 8488


District Code

Town/Village Code

Name of Village

Rural/ Urban

No. of Household

Total population

Total Popu Male

Total Popu

Female

Age Group 0 - 6

years

Schedule Caste


Workers Main

Workers

283 000000 Aibawk Rural 3507 17128 8758 8370 2570 0 16790 14271 9272 8488 283 000000 Aibawk Urban 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 283 271229 Hualngohmun Rural 161 693 345 348 74 0 661 599 363 361 283 271231 Thingdawl (Melriat) Rural 199 997 513 484 165 0 983 815 562 557 283 271232 Kelsih Rural 149 736 365 371 115 0 733 618 420 419 283 271233 Falkawn Rural 293 1339 654 685 226 0 1293 1070 676 436 283 271234 Muallungthu Rural 256 1160 603 557 174 0 1154 965 592 590 283 271235 Tachhip Rural 197 983 514 469 138 0 979 839 572 562 283 271236 Aibawk Rural 310 1325 651 674 165 0 1274 1138 520 432 283 271237 Sateek Rural 188 859 431 428 105 0 845 740 619 569 283 271238 Phulpui Rural 198 1058 544 514 181 0 1014 875 650 579 283 271239 Khawhminglokawn Rural 8 38 24 14 3 0 37 35 24 15 283 271240 N.Lungsai Rural 19 98 51 47 16 0 98 82 72 59 283 271241 S.Maubuang Rural 96 515 259 256 87 0 511 419 307 228 283 271242 Thiak Rural 140 749 372 377 116 0 744 623 463 448 283 271243 Sumsuih Rural 161 744 394 350 119 0 740 617 473 388 283 271244 Hmuifang Rural 53 292 153 139 57 0 279 234 131 126 283 271246 Lungsei Rural 47 240 131 109 35 0 238 199 147 147 283 271247 Samlukhai Rural 226 1278 671 607 225 0 1253 1027 658 658 283 271248 Chamring Rural 52 301 160 141 59 0 300 233 102 99 283 271249 Lamchhip Rural 143 709 393 316 106 0 701 597 387 369 283 271250 Chawilung Rural 89 371 206 165 49 0 361 316 221 221 283 271251 Sialsuk Rural 396 1881 945 936 236 0 1874 1612 944 860 283 271253 Sailam Rural 126 762 379 383 119 0 718 618 369 365 283 000000 Tlangnuam (Part) Total 64495 311731 154270 157461 38811 585 287007 268239 129334 110303 283 000000 Tlangnuam (Part) Rural 2552 12365 6365 6000 1818 4 11896 10180 6355 5748 283 000000 Tlangnuam (Part) Urban 61943 299366 147905 151461 36993 581 275111 258059 122979 104555


District Code

Town/Village Code

Name of Village

Rural/ Urban

No. of Household

Total population

Total Popu Male

Total Popu

Female

Age Group 0 - 6

years

Schedule Caste


Workers Main

Workers

283 271254 Neihbawih Rural 98 450 245 205 79 0 383 337 214 213 283 271256 Sihphir Rural 1349 6528 3268 3260 947 0 6352 5436 3175 2764 283 271258 Nausel Rural 61 291 152 139 58 0 291 211 161 160 283 271259 Muthi Rural 170 907 470 437 148 0 874 749 477 423 283 271260 Tuirial Jail Rural 182 823 447 376 162 0 799 614 453 383 283 271261 Tuirial Rural 173 824 484 340 127 4 712 631 390 390 283 271262 Bung IB Rural 63 257 125 132 50 0 227 193 112 101 283 271263 Lungleng I Rural 152 791 402 389 94 0 791 686 476 418 283 271264 N.Lungleng Rural 152 686 358 328 71 0 684 605 379 378 283 271265 Samtlang Rural 152 808 414 394 82 0 783 718 518 518 283 801505 Sairang (NT) Urban 1308 5950 2992 2958 981 26 5661 4867 3311 2423 283 801505 Sairang (NT) WARD NO.-0001 Urban 698 3142 1598 1544 466 0 3042 2626 1858 1241 283 801505 Sairang (NT) WARD NO.-0002 Urban 169 807 399 408 165 0 777 635 541 446 283 801505 Sairang (NT) WARD NO.-0003 Urban 313 1384 694 690 258 1 1312 1087 649 559 283 801505 Sairang (NT) WARD NO.-0004 Urban 128 617 301 316 92 25 530 519 263 177 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) Urban 60635 293416 144913 148503 36012 555 269450 253192 119668 102132 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0001 Urban 188 882 425 457 145 0 709 728 326 303 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0002 Urban 341 1756 949 807 184 0 1475 1536 832 766 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0003 Urban 812 4019 1965 2054 526 2 3904 3456 1809 1585 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0004 Urban 923 4598 2300 2298 569 1 4303 3985 2159 1531 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0005 Urban 468 2237 1077 1160 261 0 2212 1949 772 726 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0006 Urban 1767 8407 4166 4241 1164 0 7510 7162 2783 2428 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0007 Urban 2022 9983 5193 4790 1332 18 8340 8430 4462 3622 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0008 Urban 234 1342 771 571 164 0 993 1148 558 359 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0009 Urban 887 4021 1996 2025 617 16 2958 3332 1489 1240 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0010 Urban 639 3119 1541 1578 393 0 3080 2689 1201 967


District Code

Town/Village Code

Name of Village

Rural/ Urban

No. of Household

Total population

Total Popu Male

Total Popu

Female

Age Group 0 - 6

years

Schedule Caste


Workers Main

Workers

283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0011 Urban 854 3912 1991 1921 493 0 3042 3281 1760 1464 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0012 Urban 241 2023 1197 826 247 0 1107 1605 686 220 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0013 Urban 624 2845 1394 1451 471 0 2638 2325 1333 892 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0014 Urban 2618 12632 6246 6386 1560 23 12000 10891 4882 4226 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0015 Urban 409 1979 899 1080 216 0 1812 1755 817 651 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0016 Urban 1357 6428 3107 3321 716 0 6324 5647 2460 2318 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0017 Urban 622 3073 1489 1584 321 0 2911 2737 1052 948 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0018 Urban 597 3006 1452 1554 411 0 2870 2570 1421 1173 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0019 Urban 210 1013 499 514 139 0 1009 862 394 329 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0020 Urban 1343 6424 3100 3324 757 0 6217 5606 2519 2380 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0021 Urban 1029 5258 2582 2676 618 7 5124 4578 2280 1885 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0022 Urban 375 1928 951 977 268 0 1896 1619 837 599 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0023 Urban 526 2505 1171 1334 314 0 2446 2161 1004 814 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0024 Urban 1262 6165 3001 3164 616 18 5388 5486 2771 2480 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0025 Urban 755 3660 1853 1807 345 2 3028 3253 1784 1739 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0026 Urban 675 3030 1519 1511 362 0 2809 2613 1360 1191 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0027 Urban 1585 7629 3665 3964 912 11 7275 6601 3146 2864 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0028 Urban 833 4083 1965 2118 518 29 3888 3495 1153 993 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0029 Urban 957 4847 2385 2462 634 5 4713 4140 1587 1099 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0030 Urban 100 497 271 226 66 0 473 428 64 47 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0031 Urban 443 2133 1040 1093 294 0 2126 1795 908 754 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0032 Urban 977 4846 2354 2492 570 7 4086 4214 1960 1623 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0033 Urban 1460 7467 3648 3819 1032 0 7313 6355 3035 2446 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0034 Urban 611 2904 1398 1506 343 1 2827 2527 1220 808 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0035 Urban 899 4440 2197 2243 624 7 4279 3749 1569 1428 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0036 Urban 1034 4744 2359 2385 498 3 4180 4203 1826 1641


District Code

Town/Village Code

Name of Village

Rural/ Urban

No. of Household

Total population

Total Popu Male

Total Popu

Female

Age Group 0 - 6

years

Schedule Caste


Workers Main

Workers

283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0037 Urban 878 4159 2024 2135 491 0 4050 3616 2017 1718 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0038 Urban 544 2644 1266 1378 297 0 2584 2315 1092 931 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0039 Urban 309 1345 648 697 140 0 1264 1190 626 520 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0040 Urban 845 4134 2016 2118 598 0 4015 3476 1961 1380 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0041 Urban 439 2092 1008 1084 259 0 2009 1771 924 768 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0042 Urban 492 2412 1154 1258 299 0 2368 2082 904 770 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0043 Urban 1857 8596 4136 4460 911 135 7404 7644 3457 3179 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0044 Urban 282 1297 617 680 138 4 1189 1146 493 435 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0045 Urban 1091 4978 2406 2572 565 31 4511 4367 1983 1717 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0046 Urban 839 4008 2018 1990 477 0 3831 3506 1741 1597 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0047 Urban 241 1110 584 526 145 10 454 944 544 403 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0048 Urban 317 1463 727 736 208 0 1460 1245 495 365 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0049 Urban 564 2733 1404 1329 339 0 2637 2360 1261 1110 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0050 Urban 1006 4876 2375 2501 585 0 4747 4232 2245 2042 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0051 Urban 1491 7248 3647 3601 734 22 5953 6450 3305 2971 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0052 Urban 742 3727 1993 1734 434 6 3121 3264 1452 1321 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0053 Urban 523 2734 1344 1390 333 0 2670 2368 1089 902 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0054 Urban 1047 4955 2378 2577 533 6 4448 4369 1941 1629 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0055 Urban 522 2346 1158 1188 295 72 2063 2028 933 867 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0056 Urban 815 4120 1980 2140 540 20 3907 3509 1380 1189 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0057 Urban 168 760 384 376 125 0 541 627 338 270 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0058 Urban 1206 5768 2969 2799 750 10 4867 4929 2407 2183 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0059 Urban 983 4702 2302 2400 622 0 4548 4030 2074 1873 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0060 Urban 1376 6685 3246 3439 817 5 6427 5766 2712 2523 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0061 Urban 848 4095 2054 2041 467 1 3870 3527 1724 1521 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0062 Urban 854 3996 1952 2044 470 0 3792 3478 1651 1530


District Code

Town/Village Code

Name of Village

Rural/ Urban

No. of Household

Total population

Total Popu Male

Total Popu

Female

Age Group 0 - 6

years

Schedule Caste


Workers Main

Workers

283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0063 Urban 713 3572 1686 1886 467 0 3492 3062 1264 1198 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0064 Urban 822 3965 1862 2103 463 0 3845 3372 1593 1155 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0065 Urban 556 2647 1330 1317 341 0 2590 2286 966 840 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0066 Urban 614 3018 1451 1567 359 25 2594 2614 1146 1013 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0067 Urban 1082 5466 2905 2561 604 4 4947 4774 2140 1620 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0068 Urban 421 1913 941 972 243 29 1764 1635 652 514 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0069 Urban 566 2930 1417 1513 449 1 2610 2399 1077 1037 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0070 Urban 284 1425 755 670 196 0 1291 1218 817 668 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0071 Urban 514 2620 1208 1412 263 15 2362 2328 1034 962 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0072 Urban 1262 5626 2808 2818 583 8 5210 4957 2506 2351 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0073 Urban 1316 6302 3098 3204 739 0 6094 5470 2503 2111 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0074 Urban 564 2680 1300 1380 347 1 2613 2296 1072 982 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0075 Urban 331 1342 645 697 226 0 1158 1066 662 633 283 801506 Aizawl (NT) WARD NO.-0076 Urban 634 3092 1601 1491 460 0 2885 2565 1268 795 283 000000 Thingsulthliah (Part) Total 6775 32099 16098 16001 4646 40 31131 26626 16452 15203 283 000000 Thingsulthliah (Part) Rural 4318 20480 10371 10109 2994 40 19723 16923 10819 10085 283 000000 Thingsulthliah (Part) Urban 2457 11619 5727 5892 1652 0 11408 9703 5633 5118 283 271266 Buhban Rural 118 603 310 293 89 0 594 507 377 365 283 271267 Sesawng Rural 562 2722 1371 1351 443 0 2703 2161 1264 1211 283 271268 Tualbung Rural 171 824 418 406 144 0 817 662 492 434 283 271269 Dilkhan Rural 48 225 117 108 31 0 225 190 140 139 283 271270 N.Lungpher Rural 170 857 437 420 146 0 853 651 481 415 283 271271 Sihfa Rural 209 958 482 476 125 0 954 815 556 498 283 271272 Seling Rural 468 2289 1138 1151 273 20 2092 1929 1175 1122 283 271273 Phaibawk Rural 16 69 37 32 11 0 68 54 38 37


District Code

Town/Village Code

Name of Village

Rural/ Urban

No. of Household

Total population

Total Popu Male

Total Popu

Female

Age Group 0 - 6

years

Schedule Caste


Workers Main

Workers

283 271274 Edenthar Rural 7 25 12 13 4 0 22 20 18 18 283 271275 Tuikhurhlu Rural 45 190 96 94 31 0 190 155 98 96 283 271276 Thingsul Tlangnuam Rural 305 1587 920 667 194 20 1250 1374 931 889 283 271277 Thingsulthliah Rural 724 3402 1663 1739 460 0 3318 2844 1650 1602 283 271278 Aichalkawn Rural 23 95 48 47 14 0 92 71 49 46 283 271279 Saisih Vety Farm Rural 7 33 17 16 2 0 33 29 25 16 283 271280 Mualpheng Rural 157 734 366 368 111 0 728 606 457 372 283 271281 Lenchim Rural 76 338 178 160 52 0 336 279 159 155 283 271282 Darlawng Rural 160 653 313 340 108 0 650 535 349 308 283 271283 Tlungvel Rural 559 2529 1238 1291 339 0 2488 2128 1382 1320 283 271284 Phulmawi Rural 66 277 146 131 42 0 277 229 145 129 283 271285 Tawizo Rural 103 419 236 183 81 0 414 338 195 195 283 271286 Maite Rural 180 994 496 498 186 0 992 802 565 535 283 271287 Mualmam Rural 42 173 91 82 28 0 171 144 73 73 283 271288 C.T.I. Sesawng Rural 102 484 241 243 80 0 456 400 200 110 283 801507 Saitual (NT) Urban 2457 11619 5727 5892 1652 0 11408 9703 5633 5118 283 801507 Saitual (NT) WARD NO.-0001 Urban 1146 5581 2730 2851 780 0 5502 4700 2593 2419 283 801507 Saitual (NT) WARD NO.-0002 Urban 891 4101 2038 2063 610 0 3991 3374 1824 1698 283 801507 Saitual (NT) WARD NO.-0003 Urban 189 836 421 415 103 0 829 712 545 471 283 801507 Saitual (NT) WARD NO.-0004 Urban 231 1101 538 563 159 0 1086 917 671 530


Annexure 1 Table of collating information

S.No Name of the Blocks/Sub

Districts

Concerned Ministry/


Total Number/Capacity

(Cum)

Command Area/

Irrigation Potential

(Ha)

Period of Implementations

(5/ 7 yrs)

Estimated Cost (in Rs)

lakhs

1

MoWR AIBP

Major Irrigation 2 MoWR Medium Irrigation

7.1 & 7.2 Aibawk

MoWR Har khet ko pani CAD

24 1137 5 1591.80

Tlangnuam 7 377 5 940.50

Darlawn 8 349 5 488.60

Thingsul 11 454 5 635.60

Phullen 11 524 5 733.60 7.1 & 7.2 Aibawk

MoWR Har khet ko pani Surfave irrigation

14 653 5 1591.80

Tlangnuam 7 377 5 541.80

Darlawn 5 235 5 488.60

Thingsul 5 220 5 635.60

Phullen 7 360 5 733.60

15 Tlangnuam MoA & FW Per drop more crop (other intervention) Secondary Storage structure 50 200 5 100

17.1 Tlangnuam MoA & FW Per drop more crop (other intervention) Farm ponds 75 150 5 67.5

18.1 Tlangnuam MoA & FW Per drop more crop (other intervention) Tank Renovation & Restoration 100 100 5 15

18.1 Tlangnuam MoA & FW Per drop more crop (other intervention) Pipe/pre-cast distribution 100 0 5 10

8 Tlangnuam MoA & FW Per drop more crop (other intervention)

Micro Irrigation at Open field Drip Irrigation Systems 40 40 Ha. 5 16.95

10 Tlangnuam MoA & FW Per drop more crop (other intervention) Micro Sprinkler Irrigation 40 40 Ha. 5 29.45

16 Tlangnuam MoA & FW Per drop more crop (other intervention) In Situ Moisture Conservation 100 100 Ha. 5 4


16 Tlangnuam MoLR Per drop more crop (other intervention) Bench Terracing / Zing Terracing 100 100 Ha. 5 20.00

16 Tlangnuam MoLR Per drop more crop (other intervention) Upper reach gully control bund 50 50 Ha. 5 1.50

16 Tlangnuam MoLR Per drop more crop (other intervention) Middle reach gully control 50 50 Ha. 5 6.00

16 Tlangnuam MoLR Per drop more crop (other intervention) Lower reach gully control 60 60 Ha. 5 12.00

15 Darlawn MoA & FW Per drop more crop (other intervention) Secondary Storage structure 50 nos 200 5 100.00

17.1 Darlawn MoA & FW Per drop more crop (other intervention) Farm ponds 100 nos 200 5 90.00

18.1 Darlawn MoA & FW Per drop more crop (other intervention) Tank Renovation & Restoration 70 100 5 140

18.1 Darlawn MoA & FW Per drop more crop (other intervention) Pipe/pre-cast distribution 50 50 5 45

8 Darlawn MoA & FW Per drop more crop (other intervention)

Micro Irrigation at Open field Drip Irrigation Systems 50 50 5 7.50

10 Darlawn MoA & FW Per drop more crop (other intervention) Micro Sprinkler Irrigation 50 50 5 5.00

16 Darlawn MoA & FW Per drop more crop (other intervention) In Situ Moisture Conservation 20 20 Ha. 5 8.48

16 Darlawn MoLR Per drop more crop (other intervention) Bench Terracing / Zing Terracing 100 100 Ha. 5 20.00

16 Darlawn MoLR Per drop more crop (other intervention) Upper reach gully control bund 50 50 Ha. 5 1.50

16 Darlawn MoLR Per drop more crop (other intervention) Middle reach gully control 40 40 Ha. 5 4.80

16 Darlawn MoLR Per drop more crop (other intervention) Lower reach gully control 50 50 Ha. 5 10.00

15 Aibawk MoA & FW Per drop more crop (other intervention) Secondary Storage structure 60 100 5 120.00

17.1 Aibawk MoA & FW Per drop more crop (other intervention) Farm ponds 60 60 5 54.00

18.1 Aibawk MoA & FW Per drop more crop (other intervention) Tank Renovation & Restoration 80 80 5 12.00

18.1 Aibawk MoA & FW Per drop more crop (other intervention) Pipe/pre-cast distribution 80 80 5 8.00


8 Aibawk MoA & FW Per drop more crop (other intervention)

Micro Irrigation at Open field Drip Irrigation Systems 30 30 Ha. 5 12.71

10 Aibawk MoA & FW Per drop more crop (other intervention) Micro Sprinkler Irrigation 35 40 Ha. 5 25.77

16 Aibawk MoA & FW Per drop more crop (other intervention) In Situ Moisture Conservation 80 80 Ha. 5 3.20

16 Aibawk MoLR Per drop more crop (other intervention) Bench Terracing / Zing Terracing 80 80 Ha. 5 Years 16.00

16 Aibawk MoLR Per drop more crop (other intervention) Upper reach gully control bund 50 50 Ha. 5 Years 1.50

16 Aibawk MoLR Per drop more crop (other intervention) Middle reach gully control 50 50 Ha. 5 Years 6.00

16 Aibawk MoLR Per drop more crop (other intervention) Lower reach gully control 60 60 Ha. 5 Years 12.00

15 Thingsulthliah MoA & FW Per drop more crop (other intervention) Secondary Storage structure 100 200 5 years 200.00

17.1 Thingsulthliah MoA & FW Per drop more crop (other intervention) Farm ponds 100 100 5 years 90.00

18.1 Thingsulthliah MoA & FW Per drop more crop (other intervention) Tank Renovation & Restoration 80 80 5 years 12.00

18.1 Thingsulthliah MoA & FW Per drop more crop (other intervention) Pipe/pre-cast distribution 80 80 5 years 8.00

8 Thingsulthliah MoA & FW Per drop more crop (other intervention)

Micro Irrigation at Open field Drip Irrigation Systems 50 50 Ha. 5 years 21.19

10 Thingsulthliah MoA & FW Per drop more crop (other intervention) Micro Sprinkler Irrigation 50 50 Ha. 5 years 36.81

16 Thingsulthliah MoA & FW Per drop more crop (other intervention) In Situ Moisture Conservation 100 100 Ha. 5 Years 4.00

16 Thingsulthliah MoLR Per drop more crop (other intervention) Bench Terracing / Zing Terracing 100 100 Ha. 5 Years 20.00

16 Thingsulthliah MoLR Per drop more crop (other intervention) Upper reach gully control bund 30 30 Ha. 5 Years 0.90

16 Thingsulthliah MoLR Per drop more crop (other intervention) Middle reach gully control 60 60 Ha. 5 Years 7.20

16 Thingsulthliah MoLR Per drop more crop (other intervention) Lower reach gully control 50 50 Ha. 5 Years 10.00

15 Phullen MoA & FW Per drop more crop (other intervention) Secondary Storage structure 50 100 5 years 100


17.1 Phullen MoA & FW Per drop more crop (other intervention) Farm ponds 50 50 5 years 45

18.1 Phullen MoA & FW Per drop more crop (other intervention) Tank Renovation & Restoration 50 50 5 years 7.5

18.1 Phullen MoA & FW Per drop more crop (other intervention) Pipe/pre-cast distribution 30 30 5 years 3

8 Phullen MoA & FW Per drop more crop (other intervention)

Micro Irrigation at Open field Drip Irrigation Systems 20 20 Ha. 5 years 8.48

10 Phullen MoA & FW Per drop more crop (other intervention) Micro Sprinkler Irrigation 20 20 Ha. 5 years 14.72

16 Phullen MoA & FW Per drop more crop (other intervention) In Situ Moisture Conservation 75 75 Ha. 5 Years 3

16 Phullen MoLR Per drop more crop (other intervention) Bench Terracing / Zing Terracing 75 75 Ha. 5 Years 15

16 Phullen MoLR Per drop more crop (other intervention) Upper reach gullycontrol bund 20 20 Ha. 5 Years 0.6

16 Phullen MoLR Per drop more crop (other intervention) Middle reach gully control 40 40 Ha. 5 Years 4.8

16 Phullen MoLR Per drop more crop (other intervention) Lower reach gully control 40 40 Ha. 5 Years 8

17.2 Aibawk MoRD & DoLR IWMP Checkdams - 906.27 5 135.94 19.5 Aibawk MoRD & DoLR IWMP Terrace 36 72.5 5 54.38 19.5 Aibawk MoRD & DoLR IWMP Contour & Trench 151 75.52 5 45.31 16 Aibawk MoRD & DoLR IWMP Bunding 121 60.42 5 36.25

19.1 Aibawk MoRD & DoLR IWMP Other Soil & Water Conservation 91 45.31 5 27.19 19.2 Aibawk MoRD & DoLR IWMP Water Harvesting Structure 60 30.21 5 18.13 17.1 Aibawk MoRD & DoLR IWMP Farm pond 45 113.28 5 40.78 17.4 Aibawk MoRD & DoLR IWMP Percolation Tank 57 84.96 5 33.98 17.6 Aibawk MoRD & DoLR IWMP Pond/ Fishery 60 120.83 5 27.19 19.2 Aibawk MoRD & DoLR IWMP Other WHS 45 90.63 5 20.39

Aibawk MoRD & DoLR IWMP All Livelihood Activities 45 45.31 5 13.59

Aibawk MoRD & DoLR IWMP All Production & Micro-enterprise Activities 73 - 5 72.5

Aibawk MoRD & DoLR IWMP All Production & Micro-enterprise Activities 262 - 5 78.54


17.2 Darlawn MoRD & DoLR IWMP Checkdams - 1630.8 5 244.62 19.5 Darlawn MoRD & DoLR IWMP Terrace 65 130.46 5 97.85 19.5 Darlawn MoRD & DoLR IWMP Contour & Trench 272 135.9 5 81.54 16 Darlawn MoRD & DoLR IWMP Bunding 217 108.72 5 65.23

19.1 Darlawn MoRD & DoLR IWMP Other Soil & Water Conservation 163 81.54 5 48.92 19.2 Darlawn MoRD & DoLR IWMP Water Harvesting Structure 109 54.36 5 32.62 17.1 Darlawn MoRD & DoLR IWMP Farm pond 82 203.85 5 73.386 17.4 Darlawn MoRD & DoLR IWMP Percolation Tank 102 152.89 5 61.155 17.6 Darlawn MoRD & DoLR IWMP Pond/ Fishery 109 217.44 5 48.924 19.2 Darlawn MoRD & DoLR IWMP Other WHS 82 163.08 5 36.693

Darlawn MoRD & DoLR IWMP All Livelihood Activities 82 81.54 5 24.462

Darlawn MoRD & DoLR IWMP All Production & Micro-enterprise Activities 130 - 5 130.464

Darlawn MoRD & DoLR IWMP All Production & Micro-enterprise Activities 471 - 5 141.336

17.2 Thingsulthliah MoRD & DoLR IWMP Checkdams - 1275.75 5 191.36 19.5 Thingsulthliah MoRD & DoLR IWMP Terrace 51 102.06 5 76.55 19.5 Thingsulthliah MoRD & DoLR IWMP Contour & Trench 213 106.31 5 63.79 16 Thingsulthliah MoRD & DoLR IWMP Bunding 170 85.05 5 51.03

19.1 Thingsulthliah MoRD & DoLR IWMP Other Soil & Water Conservation 128 63.79 5 38.27 19.2 Thingsulthliah MoRD & DoLR IWMP Water Harvesting Structure 85 42.53 5 25.52 17.1 Thingsulthliah MoRD & DoLR IWMP Farm pond 64 159.47 5 57.41 17.4 Thingsulthliah MoRD & DoLR IWMP Percolation Tank 80 119.6 5 47.84 17.6 Thingsulthliah MoRD & DoLR IWMP Pond/ Fishery 85 170.1 5 38.27 19.2 Thingsulthliah MoRD & DoLR IWMP Other WHS 64 127.58 5 28.7

Thingsulthliah MoRD & DoLR IWMP All Livelihood Activities 64 63.79 5 19.14

Thingsulthliah MoRD & DoLR IWMP All Production & Micro-enterprise Activities 102 - 5 102.06

Thingsulthliah MoRD & DoLR IWMP All Production & Micro-enterprise Activities 369 - 5 110.57

17.2 Tlangnuam MoRD & DoLR IWMP Checkdams - 1271.25 5 190.69


19.5 Tlangnuam MoRD & DoLR IWMP Terrace 51 101.7 5 76.28 19.5 Tlangnuam MoRD & DoLR IWMP Contour & Trench 212 105.94 5 63.56 16 Tlangnuam MoRD & DoLR IWMP Bunding 170 84.75 5 50.85

19.1 Tlangnuam MoRD & DoLR IWMP Other Soil & Water Conservation 127 63.56 5 38.14 19.2 Tlangnuam MoRD & DoLR IWMP Water Harvesting Structure 85 169.5 5 25.43 17.1 Tlangnuam MoRD & DoLR IWMP Farm pond 64 158.91 5 57.21 17.4 Tlangnuam MoRD & DoLR IWMP Percolation Tank 79 119.18 5 47.67 17.6 Tlangnuam MoRD & DoLR IWMP Pond/ Fishery 85 169.5 5 38.14 19.2 Tlangnuam MoRD & DoLR IWMP Other WHS 64 127.13 5 28.6

Tlangnuam MoRD & DoLR IWMP All Livelihood Activities 64 63.56 5 19.07

Tlangnuam MoRD & DoLR IWMP All Production & Micro-enterprise Activities 102 - 5 101.7

Tlangnuam MoRD & DoLR IWMP All Production & Micro-enterprise Activities 367 - 5 110.18

17.2 Phullen MoRD & DoLR IWMP Checkdams - 1271.25 5 190.69 19.5 Phullen MoRD & DoLR IWMP Terrace 35 69.66 5 52.25 19.5 Phullen MoRD & DoLR IWMP Contour & Trench 145 72.56 5 43.54 16 Phullen MoRD & DoLR IWMP Bunding 116 58.05 5 34.83

19.1 Phullen MoRD & DoLR IWMP Other Soil & Water Conservation 87 43.54 5 26.12 19.2 Phullen MoRD & DoLR IWMP Water Harvesting Structure 58 116.1 5 17.42 17.1 Phullen MoRD & DoLR IWMP Farm pond 44 108.84 5 39.18 17.4 Phullen MoRD & DoLR IWMP Percolation Tank 54 81.63 5 32.65 17.6 Phullen MoRD & DoLR IWMP Pond/ Fishery 58 116.1 5 26.12 19.2 Phullen MoRD & DoLR IWMP Other WHS 44 87.08 5 19.59

Phullen MoRD & DoLR IWMP All Livelihood Activities 44 43.54 5 13.06

Phullen MoRD & DoLR IWMP All Production & Micro-enterprise Activities 70 - 5 69.66

Phullen MoRD & DoLR IWMP All Production & Micro-enterprise Activities 252 - 5 75.47

8 Aibawk MoA & FW Per drop more crop Micro Irrigation at Open field : 256 256 5 213.601 8 Darlawn MoA & FW Per drop more crop Micro Irrigation at Open field : 323 323 5 290.4


8 Thingsulthliah MoA & FW Per drop more crop Micro Irrigation at Open field : 2571 2571 5 1818.69 8 Darlawn MoA & FW Per drop more crop Micro Irrigation at Open field : 3319 3319 5 2277.11 8 Tlangnuam MoA & FW Per drop more crop Micro Irrigation at Open field : 4186 4186 5 2849.13 8 Tlangnuam MoRD & DoLR MGNREGS Irrigation 17 9 5 39.50

17.1 Tlangnuam MoRD & DoLR MGNREGS Farm pond 36 0.036 2 54 17.2 Tlangnuam MoRD & DoLR MGNREGS Check Dam 7 2 5 6.40 17.4 Tlangnuam MoRD & DoLR MGNREGS Percolation Tank 2 0.3 5 2.30 17.5 Tlangnuam MoRD & DoLR MGNREGS Other ground water recharge structure 13 13 5 4.08 17.6 Tlangnuam MoRD & DoLR MGNREGS Fishery pond / Cattle pond 13 14 5 8.79 17.6 Tlangnuam MoRD & DoLR MGNREGS Fishery pond / Cattle pond 1 0.0001 5 0.60 19.1 Tlangnuam MoRD & DoLR MGNREGS Water Conservation 9 8 5 2.18 19.5 Tlangnuam MoRD & DoLR MGNREGS Land Development 14 9 5 4.30

8 Aibawk MoRD & DoLR MGNREGS Irrigation 59 8 5 8.70 17.1 Aibawk MoRD & DoLR MGNREGS Farm pond 131 21 5 39.00 17.5 Aibawk MoRD & DoLR MGNREGS Other ground water recharge structure 40 6 5 18.10 17.6 Aibawk MoRD & DoLR MGNREGS Fishery pond / Cattle pond 124 17 5 70.00 19.5 Aibawk MoRD & DoLR MGNREGS Land Development 14 9 5 21.90

8 Phullen MoRD & DoLR MGNREGS Irrigation 2 3 5 16.00 17.1 Phullen MoRD & DoLR MGNREGS Farm pond 45 14 5 13.50 17.6 Phullen MoRD & DoLR MGNREGS Fishery pond / Cattle pond 24 10.5 5 35.60 19.5 Phullen MoRD & DoLR MGNREGS Land Development 1 3.4 5 12.00 17.2 Thingsulthliah MoRD & DoLR MGNREGS Check Dam 2 0.1 5 0.50 17.1 Thingsulthliah MoRD & DoLR MGNREGS Farm pond 89 9 5 26.70 17.6 Thingsulthliah MoRD & DoLR MGNREGS Fishery pond / Cattle pond 20 4 5 10.50 17.6 Thingsulthliah MoRD & DoLR MGNREGS Fishery pond / Cattle pond 18 11 5 20.75 19.5 Thingsulthliah MoRD & DoLR MGNREGS Land Development 582 18 5 57.40

8 Thingsulthliah MoRD & DoLR MGNREGS Irrigation 16 6 5 26.70 17.1 Thingsulthliah MoRD & DoLR MGNREGS Farm pond 63 7 5 18.90 17.4 Thingsulthliah MoRD & DoLR MGNREGS Percolation Tank 11 2 5 6.90 17.6 Thingsulthliah MoRD & DoLR MGNREGS Fishery pond / Cattle pond 149 19 5 110.40


17.6 Thingsulthliah MoRD & DoLR MGNREGS Fishery pond / Cattle pond 25 5 5 11.80 19.5 Thingsulthliah MoRD & DoLR MGNREGS Land Development 23 9 5 22.70 17.2 Darlawn MoRD & DoLR MGNREGS Check Dam 5 2 5 10.50 17.1 Darlawn MoRD & DoLR MGNREGS Farm pond 14 2.5 5 4.20

8 Darlawn MoRD & DoLR MGNREGS Irrigation 6 8 5 28.70 17.1 Darlawn MoRD & DoLR MGNREGS Farm pond 34 4 5 10.20 17.2 Darlawn MoRD & DoLR MGNREGS Check Dam 2 3 5 12.20 17.6 Darlawn MoRD & DoLR MGNREGS Fishery pond / Cattle pond 20 12 5 88.40 19.5 Darlawn MoRD & DoLR MGNREGS Land Development 64 13 5 28.00

17.5 Darlawn MoRD & DoLR MGNREGS Other ground water recharge structure 8 3 5 15.10

Documents

Page i - pmksy.gov.in