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ABO

UT TH

E COU

RSE

Dental Technology is a course w

hich equips the Learner to be:i.

A w

ell trained, knowledgeable D

ental Assistant in D

ental Clinics

and all hospitals.ii.

A D

ental Lab Technician, a Denturist, w

ho fabricates and repairsD

ental appliances.

A D

ental assistant is a person who assists the D

ental Surgeon in clinicalprocedures, does sterilization procedures and operates D

ental X-rays.A

thorough knowledge of anatom

y and sterilization procedure isnecessary for successful execution of his/her role.

A D

ental technician is a person who acts as a bridge betw

een the Dentist

and Patient.He/she converts the expectations of the patient and the

specifications of the Dentist to reality. A

thorough knowledge of the

theory and the practical procedures is essential for fulfilling the role ofa D

ental Technician successfully

For the realization of these objectives, the Dental Technology C

ourse inV

ocational Higher Secondary Education is spanned over a period of 2

years. The

course is

well

planned and

gives am

ple tim

e and

opportunity for the learners to develop the required skill to fulfill theirrespective jobs.

Dental A

ssistant assists the Dental Surgeon, in sterilizing,handling of

instruments and various D

ental materials and m

edicines as required.D

ental Technicians also called Dental Lab Technicians, w

ork inLaboratories fabricating dental prosthetics such as dentures, bridgesand crow

ns.

This two year course of study leads to the Q

ualifications of VH

SE tradeC

ertificate in 'Dental Technology'aw

arded by the department of V

HSE,

Governtm

ent of Kerala. The course of study consists of all essential

elements required in a D

ental Laboratory. Special emphasis is on D

entalanatom

y and morphology, the m

ake-up of the human oral cavity,

development and placem

ent of teeth, dental prosthetics using ofm

etallic and non-metallic m

aterials, dental ceramics, O

rthodontic etcincluding all the elem

ents required for a good practicing Dental

technician.

The course is designed so that the learner:•

Receives the

knowledge

and expertise

needed for

beingsuccessful in his/her role.

•Is fam

iliar with the latest developm

ent in his/her field.

Employm

ent potential:

At the end of the course along w

ith 1 year apprenticeship, learner will

be able to

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•A

ssist Dental surgeon in D

ental clinics, hospitals•

Work in D

ental Laboratories•

Set up a Lab of his own

•W

orks as health educator, Dental equipm

ent's, manufacturing unit

etc.

JOB RO

LES (CAREER PA

TH)

GO

VER

NM

ENT

SECTO

R•

Dental Lab Technician in all D

ental hospitals and Dental colleges

•Lab Technical A

ssistant in VH

SE Schools•

Dental A

ssistants in Governm

ent hospitals

PRIV

ATE SEC

TOR

•D

ental Assistant in Private D

ental Hospitals.

•D

ental Lab Assistant.

•O

ffice Receptionist in all Dental H

ospitals.•

Dental H

ealth Educator.•

Sales and marketing of D

ental Materials.

•Lab Technical A

ssistant.

SELF EMPLO

YMEN

T•

Start a Dental Lab.

•Sales and m

arketing of dental materials.

SUBJECT A

PPROA

CH

The science

of dentistry

has undergone

a vast

technologicaladvancem

ent during the past few decades. The course in D

entalTechnology helps the student to becom

e a competant. D

ental LaboratoryTechnician, D

ental assistant or a Dental receptionist. A

thoroughknow

ledge of theory is imperative to excel in the laboratory procedures

and keeping this in mind, the course is w

ell planned and has a durationof tw

o years. Here the learner is trained to render his duties in a D

entallab w

here he fabricates artificial dentures, crowns, partial dentures,

Orthodontic appliances etc.

He /she can also w

ork in Dental C

linic as Dental A

ssistant and Dental

receptionist by acquiring basic knowledge of different operatory and

non-operatory procedures. He/she should acquire the know

ledge ofBasic science and skills in Laboratory w

orks.

By working in a D

ental lab, the Dental Technician saves the tim

e ofdentist so that the Surgeon can devote his tim

e more in clinics w

ith hispatient. The D

ental surgeon and the dental technician makes a team

thataim

s at patient satisfaction. He/She also helps in m

aintenance and

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usage of equipments, sterilization, handling of instrum

ent, waste

disposal, assisting Dental surgeon in taking D

ental X-rays and furtherprocedures, and Front office m

anagement in D

ental clinics.

Objectives

The main objective of this course is not only to train students in m

akingprosthesis as naturally as possible, but also to m

ake them understand

the importance of rehabilitating the patients w

ith an accurately made

prosthesis within the lim

itations of science and technology. For this thelearner requires im

mense skill through theoretical and practical

knowledge. The m

ain objectives of this course is as follows:

•To fam

iliarize the learner with the latest technologies of m

odernScience of D

entistry.•

To enable the learner's in using new and updated diagnostic

methodologies.

•To m

ake learners able enough to adopt the methods of recovery

and improving health w

ith a service approach.•

To make people aw

are of the important social issues related to

dental health.•

To understand the basic Anatom

y and physiology of head andneck region.

•To becom

e aware of basic Science such as physics and chem

istryapplicable to D

ental Science.•

To have a complete know

ledge of primary and perm

anentdentition and m

orphological features of individual teeth.•

Understanding the properties, characteristics and m

anipulation ofdifferent m

aterials used in dentistry.•

To have a complete know

ledge of fabrication of complete

dentures, removable partial dentures O

rthodontic appliances etc•

To enable the learner to assist a dental surgeon in Dental C

linic

Constructive approach

This approach puts forward the concept that new

knowledge is evolved

when previously acquired know

ledge/ideas are discussed, examined

and practiced.

In dental technology, ideas and concepts are formed by experiences.

This can lead to greater knowledge: for exam

ple, the learner will have

an idea of the time and sequence of eruption of prim

ary and deciduousdentition. This can lead to their know

ledge of estimating the age of the

patient.

Their experience with pain due to dental caries w

ill lead to hisknow

ledge of different parts of tooth and cause of pain.

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Learning Resources

In dental technology learning resources are in different areas.•

Dental Laboratory (A

ll instruments, m

odels and materials)

•D

ental clinic/hospital (All m

aterials and equipment's used in

Dental C

linics)•

Dental cam

ps•

On job training

•Field visit to concerned laboratories

Learning Strategies

The learning strategies in Dental technology are:

1.G

roup discussions2.

Dem

onstrations3.

Practical activity4.

Multi-m

edia presentation5.

Survey6.

Seminar

7.D

ebate8.

Quiz

9.C

lass test

SYLLAB

US

MO

DU

LE I - BASIC CO

NCEPT O

F DEN

TAL TECH

NO

LOG

Y AN

DD

ENTA

L ASSISTA

NCE

UN

IT 1.1 HU

MA

N D

ENTITIO

N1.1.1

Basics of teeth and dentition1.1.2

Basic anatomy of oral cavity

1.1.3Parts of tooth

1.1.4D

ental chronology1.1.5

Anatom

ical landmarks of oral cavity

UN

IT 1.2

MA

TERIALS

USED

IN

D

ENTA

L LA

B A

ND

CLIN

IC(com

position, properties and manipulation)

1.2.1G

ypsum products

1.2.2D

ental waxes

1.2.3Separating m

edias1.2.4

Denture base m

aterials1.2.5

Abrasives and polishing m

aterials

1.2.6Im

pression materials

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1.2.7D

ental cements

1.2.8Teeth m

aterials

UN

IT 1.3 SCIENCE O

F DEN

TAL M

ATERIA

LS

1.3.1A

pplied Mechanics

Importance

of m

echanics in

dentistry like

stress, strain,

permanent

deformation,

elastic lim

it, proportional

limit,

modulus of elasticity, strength, color, force and pow

er offriction.

1.3.2A

pplied Chem

istry

Importance of chem

istry in dentistry like physical and chemical

changes, mixtures and com

pounds, electroplating, tarnish andcorrosion.

1.3.3A

pplied Physics

Importance

of physics

in dentistry

like concept

of heat

transmission,

specific density,

capillarity, spot-w

elders,principles of electroplating and elasticity.

UN

IT 1.4 AN

ATO

MY O

F FACE A

ND

NECK

1.4.1Facial bones and jaw

relation - All facial bone, their position,

Maxilla and M

andible

1.4.2N

erves, veins and arteries of face - Basic arteries, veins andnerves and their branches

1.4.3Tem

peromandibular Joint - Bones &

Liagements associated

1.4.4M

uscles of mastication

1.4.5M

ovements of m

andible/temporom

andibular joint

1.4.6D

eglutition

1.4.7M

uscles of facial expression

UN

IT 1.5 DEN

TAL A

NA

TOM

Y1.5.1

Incisors - maxillary and m

andibular1.5.2

Canines - m

axillary and mandibular

1.5.3Pre-m

olars - maxillary and m

andibular1.5.4

Molars - m

axillary and mandibular

UN

IT 1.6 EQU

IPMEN

T'S USED

IN D

ENTA

L LABO

RATO

RY1.6.1

Equipment's and instrum

ents used in dental laboratoryH

andling of equipment's in D

ental Laboratory - Acryliser,

Dental Lathe, M

odel trimm

er and micro m

otor

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UN

IT 1.7 DEN

TAL A

SSISTAN

CE PART 1

1.7.1Instrum

ents, equipment's and m

aterials used in dental clinics1.7.2

Sterilization and infection control in dental clinic - Basics insterilisation, M

icro organisms found, N

eed, Equipments and

materials, U

se of mask &

gloves

MO

DU

LE 2

DEN

TAL M

ECHA

NICS - 1

FABRICA

TION

OF CO

MPLETE D

ENTU

RES

UN

IT 2.1 INTRO

DU

CTION

TO D

ENTA

L MECH

AN

ICS2.1.1.

Introduction, Objectives and scope of Prosthodontics

Definition,

Classification

of Prosthodontics,

Objectives

ofProsthodontic A

ppliance, Scope of Prosthodontics

UN

IT 2.2 FABRICA

TION

OF CO

MPLETE D

ENTO

RES2.2.1.

Impression Trays

Classification, fabrication and uses of Im

pression trays2.2.2.

Primary im

pression and primary cast. Principles and factors

affecting im

pression m

aking -

Definition

of Prim

aryIm

pression, Pouring of Primary cast.

2.2.3.Secondary Im

pressionSpecial tray fabrication, Border M

oulding, Wash Im

pression,Failures in m

anipulation of impression.

2.2.4.C

asting of secondary impression

Preservation of Impression, Beading and boxing of Im

pression,Preparation of cast.

2.2.5.Tem

porary Denture Base

Fabrication of temporary denture base w

ith shellac and acrylicresin, Extension of tem

porary dentur base, Role of Temporary

Denture Base

2.2.6.O

cclusal Rims

Definition, Role of Tem

porary Denture Base, Fabrication of

Denture Base

2.2.7.Jaw

RelationO

rientation, Vertical and H

orizontal Jaw Relation

2.2.8.A

rticulators and Articulation

Types of Articulators, Procedure of A

rticulation

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2.2.9.O

cclusion and Teeth SettingD

efinition of Occlusion, Fam

iliarisation of terms like overjet,

over bite, key of occlusion, occlusal plane, curve of spee,balanced

occlusion, centric

relation, centric

occlusion,Principles of teeth setting of anterior and posterior teeth

2.2.10.Finishing of W

ax denturesW

axing up,

festooning, shippling,

posterior palatal

seal,im

portance of finishing wax dentures, m

istakes during wax up

2.2.11.FlaskingD

ental Flask, Procedure of flasking, Importance of separating

media, single pour and double pour techniques, m

aterialsused, m

istakes of dental flasking procedures2.2.12.

Dew

axingProcedure

of dew

axing, im

portance/role of

dewaxing,

possible mistakes

2.2.13.PackingProcedure, M

anipulation of Resin, Importance of tem

peratureand separating m

edia possible mistakes

2.2.14.C

uringA

cryliser, procedure of curing, importance of tem

perature,possible m

istakes2.2.15.

Deflasking

Procedure of deflasking, possible mistakes

2.2.16.Trim

ming and polishing

Procedure, materials used, m

istakes during the procedure.

2.3. REMO

VA

BLE PARTIA

L DEN

TURE (RPD

)2.3.1.

Introduction, terminologies, classification

Terminologies used in rem

ovable partial denture, classificationof rem

ovable partial denture and identulous arches2.3.2.

Com

ponents of removable partial dentures

Parts of removable partial dentures, M

axillary and mandibular

major connectors, M

inor connectors, Rests - types and uses,D

irect Retainers, Reciprocal stabilising components, Indirect

Retainers, Denture base types, advantages and disadvantage

2.3.3.Steps in fabrication of rem

ovable partial dentureSteps in fabrication (Basic), Surveyor

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2.4. FIXED PA

RTIAL D

ENTU

RE2.4.1.

Basics of Fixed Partial Dentures

Terminologies, D

ivisions, Types of fixed restorations2.4.2.

Parts of FPD and Types

Parts, classification and Indications of FPD

2.5. REPAIR O

F DEN

TURES

2.5.1.C

auses of Fracture of teeth2.5.2.

Procedure for repairing of completely fractured denture

2.5.3.Procedure for replacing fractured or separated Teeth

2.6. IMM

EDIA

TE AN

D O

VER D

ENTU

RES2.6.1.

Imm

ediate Dentures

Indications and

contra Indications,

Advantages

anddisadvantages, Procedure of fabrication of im

mediate dentures

2.6.2.O

ver Dentures

Indications, Contra indications, A

dvantages, disadvantagesand procedure of fabrication of over dentures.

2.7.D

ENTU

RE RELININ

G A

ND

REBASIN

G2.7.1.

Denture relining

Definition, A

dvantages, Disadvantages, Reasons Procedure of

Denture Relining

2.7.2.D

enture RebasingD

efinition, Advantages, D

isadvantages, Reasons and procedurefor denture rebasing

2.8.N

EWLY LA

UN

CHED

PROD

UCTS

2.8.1.Bio functional Prosthetic systemD

efinition, A

dvantage, D

ifference betw

een BPS

andconventional A

crylic Dentures

2.8.2.Flexible D

enturesD

efinition, Advantages, M

aterials used, Basic procedure

2.9.O

RAL A

ND

MA

XILLO FA

CIAL PRO

STHESIS

2.9.1.Introduction to O

ral and Maxillo facial prosthesis

Definition, O

bjectives, Types

2.10.IN

TROD

UCTIO

N TO

DEN

TAL IM

PLAN

TS2.10.1.

Definition,

Identification of

Parts, A

dvantages and

disadvantages

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LEARN

ING

OU

TCOM

ES OF M

OD

ULE 1 A

ND

2

After the com

pletion of module 1 and 2 the learner w

ill be able to attainthe follow

ing skills.

MO

DU

LE 1

UN

IT 1. HU

MA

N D

ENTITIO

N1.1.1.

Differentiate betw

een types of teeth.1.1.2.

Trim dentures accurately.

1.1.3.Educate the patient on the etiology of pain.

1.1.4.Identify the age of the patient.

1.1.5.C

omm

unicate information on specific teeth accurately and

effectively.1.1.6.

Enhance the retention, stability and support and so the successof dentures.

UN

IT 1.2.

MA

TERIALS

USED

IN

D

ENTA

L LA

BORA

TORY

AN

DCLIN

IC1.2.1.

Manipulate gypsum

products successfully.1.2.2.

Minim

ize distortions and manipulate dental w

axes accurately.1.2.3.

Identify and choose suitable denture base materials.

1.2.4.Identify, choose and apply separating m

edias.1.2.5.

Trim and polish dentures for retention and aesthetics.

1.2.6.C

hoose and manipulate different im

pression materials.

1.2.7.Identify, choose and m

anipulate different dental cements.

1.2.8.C

ompare and select suitable teeth m

aterial.

UN

IT 1.3. THE SCIEN

CE OF D

ENTA

L MA

TERIALS

1.3.1.M

inimize deform

ation of materials and choose the ideal one in

different fabricating and restorative procedures.

1.3.2.Prevent tarnish depending on its physical properties.

1.3.3.H

andle dental materials properly.

UN

IT 1.4. AN

ATO

MY O

F FACE A

ND

NECK

1.4.1.Identify the parts of m

axillary bones.

1.4.2.Identify the relieving areas of dental appliances.

1.4.3.Identify the com

ponents of Temperom

andibular joint.

1.4.4.Identify action of m

asticatory muscles.

1.4.5.Identify the overextended parts of dentures w

hich interfere with

proper functioning of dentures.

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1.4.6.Identify the parts of dentures w

hich interfere with deglutition.

1.4.7.Identify the m

uscles causing facial expressions.

UN

IT 1.5. DEN

TAL A

NA

TOM

Y

1.5.1.Fabricate w

ax pattern for crowns, lam

inates and fixed partialdentures (incisors).

1.5.2.Fabricate w

ax pattern for crown, lam

inates and fixed partialdentures (canines).

1.5.3.Fabricate, w

ax patterns for crowns and fixed partial dentures

(premolars).

1.5.4.Fabricate, w

ax patterns for crowns and fixed partial dentures

(molars).

UN

IT 1.6. EQU

IPMEN

TS USED

IN D

ENTA

L LABO

RATO

RY

1.6.1.Identify and handle the instrum

ents and equipment's in dental

lab.

UN

IT 1.7. DEN

TAL A

SSISSTAN

CE - PART 1

1.7.1.Identify dental instrum

ents and equipment's as w

ell as assistthe dental surgeon in various dental procedures.

MO

DU

LE 2

UN

IT 2.1. BASICS, O

BJECTIVES A

ND

SCOPE O

F PROSTH

OD

ON

TICS

2.1.1.A

nalyze and recomm

end suitable prosthodontic appliances.

UN

IT 2.2. FABRICA

TION

OF CO

MPLETE D

ENTU

RES

2.2.1.Select, fabricate and m

odify the impression trays.

2.2.2.A

ssist a dental surgeon in taking primary im

pression as well as

fabricate a primary cast.

2.2.3.A

ssist a dental surgeon in taking a secondary impression.

2.2.4.Fabricate an accurate secondary cast.

2.2.5.Fabricate a tem

porary denture base in acrylic as well as shellac

base plate accurately.

2.2.6.A

ble to fabricate occlusal rims in proper dim

ensions.

2.2.7.A

ble to assist the dental surgeon in jaw relation procedures.

2.2.8.A

ble to select teeth esthetically and functionally.

2.2.9.A

ble to do articulation procedures accurately.

2.2.10.A

ble to set teeth in balanced occlusion with good functional

and esthetic values.

2.2.11.Perform

waxing up of tem

porary dentures accurately.

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2.2.12.D

o flasking procedure successfully.

2.2.13.D

o dewaxing properly.

2.2.14.D

o packing of acrylic resin accurately.

2.2.15.D

o curing procedures properly.

2.2.16.Perform

deflasking and retrieving of dentures successfully.

2.2.17.D

eliver a smooth and finished denture after trim

ming and

polishing.

UN

IT 2.3 REMO

VA

BLE PARTIA

L DEN

TURE

2.3..1.Predict the basic design of rem

ovable partial dentures.

2.3.2.A

ssist the dental surgeon in designing and preparation ofRem

ovable Partial Dentures.

2.3.3.A

ssist the dental surgeon in fabrication of partial dentures.

UN

IT 2.4 FIXED PA

RTIAL D

ENTU

RES

2.4.1.A

ssist the dental surgeon in educating the patient about thetypes of fixed partial dentures.

2.4.2.Identify the different parts of fixed partial dentures.

UN

IT 2.5 REPAIR O

F DEN

TURES

2.5.1.Identify the causes of broken dentures and also assist the dentalsurgeon in educating the dentist.

2.5.2.Repair broken dentures successfully.

2.5.3.Repair dentures w

ith broken/separated teeth successfully.

UN

IT 2.6 IMM

EDIA

TE AN

D O

VER D

ENTU

RES

2.6.1.A

ssist the dental surgeon and dental technician in fabrication ofim

mediate dentures.

2.6.2.A

ssist the dental surgeon and dental technician in fabrication ofover dentures.

UN

IT 2.7 DEN

TURE RELIN

ING

AN

D D

ENTU

RE REBASIN

G

2.7.1.A

ssist the dental surgeon and dental technician in denturerelining procedures.

2.7.2.A

ssist the dental surgeon and dental technician in denturerebasing procedures.

UN

IT 2.8 INTRO

DU

CTION

TO N

EWLY LA

UN

CHED

PROD

UCTS

2.8.1.Identify Biofunctional Prosthetic System

and also assist thedental surgeon in educating the patient.

2.8.2.The Identify flexible dentures and also assist the D

entalSurgeon in educating the patient.

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UN

IT 2.9 ORA

L AN

D M

AXILLO

FACIA

L PROSTH

ESIS

2.9.1.Identify

the objectives

and advantages

of m

axillofacialprosthesis.

UN

IT 2.10 DEN

TAL IM

PLAN

TS

2.10.1.Identify dental im

plants as well as assist an im

plantologist indental procedures.

Month

Nam

e of unitsT

otal

JuneH

uman dentition

25

June/JulyM

aterials used in dental labs and clinics60

JulyScience of dental m

aterials20

July/August

Anatom

y of face and neck25

Aug./

Sep./Oct.

Dental anatom

y125

October

Equipments used in dental labs

25

Oct./N

ov.D

ental assistance part I60

Novem

berIntroduction to dental m

echanics20

Nov./D

ec./Jan. (for

practicals)Fabrication of com

plete dentures174

Feb./March

Removable partial denture

75

March

Fixed partial dentures10

March

Repair of dentures20

March

Imm

ediate and over dentures15

March

Denture relining and rebasing

15

March

Introduction to newly launched products

3

March

Maxillofacial prosthesis

5

March

Dental Im

pants3

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COU

RSE STRUCTU

RE

The course will consist of 4 m

odules.

Such as:

Module 1

Basics of Dental Technology and

Dental A

ssistance340 periods

Module 2

Dental M

echanics 1 Fabrication of acrylicC

omplete and Rem

ovable Partial Dentures

340 periods

Module 3

Dental M

echanics 2 Fabrication of FixedPartial dentures

340 periods

Module 4

Fabrication of Orthodontic A

ppliances,D

ental Assistance

340 periods

CLASS RO

OM

ACTIV

ITIES•

Discussion

•Practical procedures

•N

otes preparation•

Chart/poster preparation

•D

emonstrations

•Sem

inars•

Exhibitions•

Quiz

•Q

uestionnaire•

Debate

•C

lass test•

Visual presentation

•Report presentation

PRACTICA

L ACTIV

ITIES•

Case studies

•Practical Procedures

•Fabrication of D

entures•

Fabrication of Orthodontic appliances

•Field study

•Survey

•O

JT

ON

THE JO

B TRAIN

ING

“On the Job Training program

me” plays an im

portant and irreplaceablerole in V

ocational Higher Secondary Education. It enables the learner to

experience personally the environment in a real w

ork place - Dental

Laboratory and Dental clinic. H

e/she witness the problem

atic situationsarising in the w

orkplace and their solutions.

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On the Job Training Program

me in D

ental Technology course can beheld in 2 sectors. This program

me can be successfully held at various

private dental hospitals and clinics, Governm

aent dental colleges anddental laboratories etc.

Dental Clinic/G

ovt. or private dental hospitals•

The learner will get a basic know

ledge and smooth functioning of

the front office in a multi-specialty dental hospital.

•The learner w

ill achieve a basic knowledge about hum

an dentitionin connection w

ith their sex and age.•

The learner will get a deep know

ledge in the proper use ofinstrum

ents and equipments.

•The learner w

ill be able to assist in infection control andsterilization procedure in a dental clinic.

•The learner w

ill be in close proximity to the dental chair side

procedures like taking impression of oral cavity, Jaw

relationprocedures, teeth selection procedures etc.

•The learner w

ill be able to closely view the oral cavity and its

associated structures.•

The learner will also be able to w

itness the proper way to deal w

ithpatients and to w

ard off their fears.

Dental Laboratory

•The learner w

ill be able to use Gypsum

products successfully.•

The learner will be able to understand different types of D

entalW

axes and Denture base m

aterials used in a Dental lab.

•The learner w

ill be able to assist in various types of trimm

ing andpolishing w

orks.•

The learner will be able to w

itness a lot of fabrication and repairprocedures.

•The

learner w

ill be

able to

closely w

atch the

fabricationprocedures of dental prosthesis such as bridge, denture, dentalim

plants etc.•

The learner will be able to closely observe the ceram

ic furnace,casting furnace and its w

orking functions.•

The learner will be able to closely observe repair w

ork of acrylicas w

ell as metal prosthesis.

•The learner w

ill be able to attain the various handling skillsrequired in a dental laboratory.

•The learner w

ill be able to observe the proper use of welding and

soldering machines.

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•The learner w

ill be able to see a dental lab environment and the

handling of various problematic situations.

Certification of skills in each Module

Module 1

Certificate in handling of laboratory and clinical

materials

Module 2

Certificate in the Fabrication of A

crylic dentures

Module 3

Certificate in the Fabrication of Fixed Partial D

entures

Module 4

Certificate in the fabrication of O

rthodontic Appliance

and Dental Front O

ffice managem

ent

OV

ERVIEW

OF TH

E MO

DU

LE

“Introduction and Basics of Dental Technology, D

ental assistance part1” allow

s the learner to get a basic idea of Dental Technology, H

uman

Dentition and N

omenclaturebefore proceeding to the m

ore complicated

Laboratory procedure in the next module. It also allow

s the learner toget a basic know

ledge of the instruments, equipm

ents, sterilizationtechniques used in dental clinics w

hich will help him

/her in assistingthe D

ental Surgeon after the course. At the end of the m

odule, he/shew

ill be able to:•

Identify the instruments, equipm

ent’s used in Dental Labs and

Clinics.

•A

ssist in Dental C

linic during infection control and sterilizationprocedures.

•Identification of various types of teeth.

•C

arving the teeth according to Anatom

y.

MO

DU

LE 1

Basics of Dental Technology and D

ental assistance 340 periods

UN

ITN

AM

E OF U

NIT

PERIO

DS

NO

.

1.1H

uman D

entition25

1.2M

aterials used in Dental Lab&

Clinic

60

1.3Science of D

ental Materials

20

1.4A

natomy of Face and neck

25

1.5D

ental Anatom

y125

1.6Equipm

ent’s used in Dental Lab and dental clinic

25

1.7D

ental Assistance Part 1

60

TOTA

L PERIO

DS

34030%

Periods - Theory session and 70%periods - practical activities

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IT NO

. 1.1

UN

IT NA

ME: H

uman D

entition Periods-25

UN

ITN

AM

E OF ELEM

ENTS

PERIO

DS

NO

.

1.1.1Introduction to teeth and oral cavity

3

1.1.2Basic A

natomy of oral cavity

3

1.1.3Parts of tooth

3

1.1.4D

ental Chronology

3

1.1.5D

ental Formula

3

1.1.6A

natomical Landm

arks of Oral cavity

10

30% periods - theory session and 70%

practical periods

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DETAILED ELEMENTS OF UNIT

Ideas/Concepts/Skill Learning Outcomes Suggested Activities Assessment

Introduction to teeth and oral cavitySKILLS• Identification of TeethBasic Anatomy of Oral CavitySKILLS• Identify Anatomical landmarks and

Boarders of mouthParts of toothSKILLS• Identification of parts of toothDental chronologySKILLS• Identify the age of a patient from his/

her castDental FormulaSKILLS• Able to communicate the details of

specific teeth. Zygmondy's palmersystem and FDI system

Anatomical landmarks of oral cavitySKILLS• Able to locate the extension of

Dentures. Clinical significance ofAnatomical land marks.The relievingand sressbearing areas of completeDentures

• The learners will be able to -differentiate between types of teeth

• The learners will be able to -identifythe extension of Dentures-trimdentures accurately

• The learners will be able to identifythe different parts of teeth-educatepatient in pain management

• The learners will be able to-identifyand determine the age of patient

• The learners will be able to-identifyindividual teeth - communicateinformation of specific teeth

• Enhance the success of Dentures

• Collection of Extracted teeth, castsamples, chart preparation, group-discussion and notes

• Collection of cast samples,preparation of chart,Demonstration of anatomical andmarks.

• Construction of models showingparts of tooth, video presentation

• Chart preparation of time eruptionof teeth.

• Making of puzzles, a discussiontooth names in to different toothnumbering systems.

• Video/pictures presentationmarking the AnatomicalLandmarks. Collection of patient'scast edentulous models fromDental clinic

• Participation in Discussion.Collection of materials.

• Chart assessment• Chart preparation

• Quiz Questionnaire based onmodels

• Quiz Questionnaire basedon chart

• Quiz, puzzles, groupdiscussion, report

• Analyze and categorizedifferent edentulous models

• Evaluation of casts markedwith anatomical land marks.

Unit No. 1.1 - Human Dentition

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TS OF U

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IT NO

. 1.2

UN

IT NA

ME: M

aterials used in Dental Lab and Clinic Periods - 60

UN

ITN

AM

E OF ELEM

ENTS

PERIO

DS

NO

.

Gypsum

products12

Dental w

axes10

Denture base m

aterials12

Separating medias

6

Abrasives and polishing A

gents5

Impression m

aterials5

Dental cem

ents5

Teeth Materials

5

30 % periods - theory session and 70%

periods - practical activities

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DETAILED ELEMENTS OF UNIT

Ideas/Concepts/Skill Learning Outcomes Suggested Activities Assessment

Gypsum products• Familiarization, use and manipulation

of Gypsum products.SKILLS• Can manipulate Gypsum products for

various dental procedures.Dental waxes• Different types of waxes used in

dentistry.SKILLS• Manipulation of dental waxes in

various Laboratory procedure.Denture base Materials• Familiarization of different types of

denture base materials. Introductionto newly launched products viz; BPSflexy Dentures.

SKILLS• Ability to do curing or polymerization

procedures, manipulation of denturebase materials.

Separating medias used in dentistry• Introduction to different types of

separating medias. • Application of separating medias.SKILLS• Application of different types of

separating media.• Identification of separating media.• Selection of suitable separating

media.

• The learner will be able to-usegypsum products successfully -identify the working time and settingtime

• The learner will be able to -.usedental waxes properly - identify theconditions that can cause distortions

• The learner will be able to- identifydifferent dentures base materials -make denture bases - select thematerials in various conditions

• The learner can - apply separatingmedias - can select suitableseparating medias - can identifyseparating medias

• Making of cubes, squares of plasterof Paris, making of casts.Identification of different gypsumproducts. Comparison of gypsumproducts

• Making of cubes and squares.Making of wax spacers, teethmodels, classroom discussioncategories dental waxes

• Manipulation of denture base resinscollection of data's from magazines,newspapers, internet and collectionof photograph.

• Preparation of notes, chartsshowing. Advantages anddisadvantages of various denturebase materials making of dentures

• Application of separating medias oncast analyze the conditions whereseparating medias use or not use(Discussion)

• Notes preparation, making ofcharts showing differentgypsum products its usestrength etc.

• Practical evaluation based onpop cubes

• Evaluation of cubes, squares.Discussion report.

• Charts assessment.• Notes.

• Quiz, notes preparation• Discussion reports

Unit No. : 1.2: Materials used in Dental Lab and clinic

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DETAILED ELEMENTS OF UNIT

Ideas/Concepts/Skill Learning Outcomes Suggested Activities Assessment

Abrasives and polishing Agents • Types of Abrasives and polishing

agent classification.SKILLS • Proper handling of abrasive and

polishing agent

• Impression materials, classification,properties, manipulation of differenttypes of impression materials.

SKILLS • Ability to manipulate various

impression materials

Dental Cements • Identification, manipulation of

different types of dental cements.SKILLS • Ability to manipulate dental cements

• Teeth materials Acrylic andporcelain materials comparisonbetween the two type teeth materials.

• Introduction to newly launchedproducts like zirconium, lava, metalfree porcelain

SKILLS • Ability to select the teeth material

• The learner can do trimming andpolishing of dental applianceproperly

The learner will be able to:• Manipulate the material in a proper

way to get an accurate impression -Select the ideal material for eachtype of patients

The learner will be able to:• Identify different types of dental

cements-manipulate dental cements

• The learner will be able to select thetypes of teeth according to individualcases

• Trimming and polishing of dentures,models notes preparation,Identification of use of variousabrasive and polishing agents.

• Chart preparation on various typesof impression materials. Seminarson different types of impressionmaterials Discussion on differencesbetween elastic, rigid, reversibleimpression materials, notes

• Demonstration of dental cementsand their manipulation

• Seminar• Visit to dental clinic

• Collection of different types ofartificial teeth collection ofphotographs and analyze andcategorize the different dentalprosthesis, Data collection frommagazines , Debate , Group activity,poster making

• Practical evaluation notesbased on trimming andpolishing done.

• Discussion reports• Quiz based on chart

preparation• Seminar presentation

• Quiz• Seminar report• Report on clinical visit

• Quiz• Poster preparation• Notes

Unit No. : 1.2: Materials used in Dental Lab and clinic

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SPECIFIC ELEMEN

TS OF U

NIT

UN

IT NO

. 1.3

UN

IT NA

ME: Science of D

ental Materials Periods - 20

UN

ITN

AM

E OF ELEM

ENTS

PERIO

DS

NO

.

1.3.1A

pplied Mechanics

7

1.3.2A

pplied chemistry

6

1.3.3A

pplied physics7

30 % periods - theory session and 70%

periods - practical activities

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DETAILED ELEMENTS OF UNIT

Ideas/Concepts/Skill Learning Outcomes Suggested Activities Assessment

Applied mechanics• Importance of mechanics in

Dentistry, stress, strain, velocity,permanent deformation , Elastic limit,proportional limit, Modulus ofelasticity, strength, color, force,power, friction.

SKILLS• Ability to identify the properties of

materials-manipulation of materials

Applied Chemistry• Importance of applied chemistry in

dentistry. Physical and chemicalchanges. Mixture and compoundelectroplating Tarnish and corrosion

SKILLS• Ability to use the knowledge for

prevention of Tarnish and corrosion-identify materials for dentures Abilityto do electroplating

Applied Physics• Importance of Applied Physics in

Dentistry. Concept of heat,transmission of heat. SpecificDentistry. Capillarity Spot welders.Principle of Electroplating. Elasticity

SKILLS• Ability to manipulate materials

according to properties.

• The learner will be able tomanipulate materials with minimumdeformation, choose materials fordifferent areas of denture, choosematerials most ideal esthetically

• The learner will be able to - chooseideal material depending on use.Prevent tarnish, corrosion anddistortion.

• The learner will be able to handledental materials in Lab correctly toget maximum properties. Ableto handle wire bending dependingon the ductility and malleability oforthodontic stainless steel wires

• Chart preparation on importance ofstress, strain etc. on dentistry.

• Discussion on selection of idealmaterials for different purposes.

Discussion of1. Properties of metals and synthetic

resins2. Prevention of tarnish and corrosion

• Documentation of specific density,thermal heat expansion of variousmaterials. Group discussion withteacher. Interaction on variousconcepts of physics

• Quiz based on chart• Chart evaluation• Discussion report

• Written test, Discussionreport

• Documentation• Presentation• Quiz• Oral test

Unit No. : 1.3: Science of Dental Materials

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TS OF U

NIT

UN

IT NO

. 1.3

UN

IT NA

ME: A

natomy of Face and N

eck Periods - 25

UN

ITN

AM

E OF ELEM

ENTS

PERIO

DS

NO

.

1.4.1Facial bones and jaw

relation4

1.4.2N

erve, vain and arteries of face2

1.4.3Tem

pero-mandibular joints

5

1.4.4M

uscles of Mastication

4

1.4.5M

ovements of m

andible/T.M.J

4

1.4.6D

eglutition4

1.4.7M

uscles of Facial expression2

30 % periods - theory session and 70%

periods - practical activities

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DETAILED ELEMENTS OF UNIT

Ideas/Concepts/Skill Learning Outcomes Suggested Activities Assessment

Facial bones and jaw relation• Develop a basic idea about the facial

bones and jaw relation.SKILLS• Ability identify the parts of maxillary

and mandibular jaws

Nerve, veins and Arteries of faceSKILLS• Develop a basic idea about the nerve

veins and arterial supply of face andoral structures. Ability to identify therelieving areas during the fabricationof dental prosthesis

Temperomandibular Joints• Structure of T M JSKILLS• Ability to identify the T M J problems

that are caused by different dentalappliances

• Ability to identify the structuralcomponents of T.M.J

Muscles of Mastication• Origin, insertion, nerve supply, action.SKILLS• Ability to - identify how masticatory

muscles functions on prosthesis-restore the masticatory functionsthrough dental appliances

• The learners will be able to-identifyteeth bearing portion alveolarprocess - identify the jaw bones andits structure

• The learner will be able to-Able toidentify the cause of pain during theusage of dental appliances.

• Able to identify the relieving areas

• The learner will be able to identifythe various defect of appliances thatcause T M J problems

• Able to identify he components ofT.M.J

• The learner will beAble - to knowhow masticatory muscles work -identify the causes of displacementof dentures-identify the parts ofdenture that can interfere withmastication

• Diagrams of skull,• Labeling of diagrams,• Multi-media presentation and

identification of bones on the face

• Making of labeled diagrams• Diagrammatic representation of

course of veins, arteries and nervesof face on a Thermocol

• Group discussion,

• Recall previous knowledge,• Chart or• Three dimensional model

preparation of T.M .J in Thermocol,• Multi-media presentation

• Group discussion• On muscle function.• Multi-media presentation

• Class test,• Notes preparations

• Notes preparation and• Labeling of Diagrams• Model evaluation

• Quiz• Notes preparation• Questionnaire

• Discussion report• A short note on presentation

Unit No. : 1.4: Anatomy of Face and Neck

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DETAILED ELEMENTS OF UNIT

Ideas/Concepts/Skill Learning Outcomes Suggested Activities Assessment

Movements of mandible/T.M.JSKILLS• Ability to identify the technique of

mastication.• Gain an idea of different movements

of mandible• Effect of muscles functions on

prosthesis

Deglutition• Steps of deglutitionSKILLS• Developing an idea about how

deglutition occurs.• Effect of muscle functions on

prosthesis

Muscles of facial expression• Able to develop the ability of smile

designing, understand estheticfunctions

• The learner will be able to knowhow masticatory muscles functions.

• Understand the causes ofdisplacement of dentures.

• Identify the overextended parts ofdentures that can interfere withT.M.J functions.

• The learner will be able to-understand how deglutition occurs

• Able to identify if Dental appliancesinterfere with deglutition

• Recall previous knowledge

• The learner will be able to-Designprosthetics with, good esthetic andfunctional value-Modifications ofappliances can bedone

• Group discussion with teachers• Interaction on possible practical

application, group discussion, on therelationship between functions andretentions of appliances

• Chart preparations• General discussion• Multi-media presentation

• Recall the previous knowledge• General discussion on different

muscles involved• Album preparation• Collection of data.

• Notes• Class test• Preparation of Diagrams• Discussion report

• Notes• Questionnaire• Chart evaluation

• Posters• Notes• Practical• Application• Album/poster evaluation

Unit No. : 1.4: Anatomy of Face and Neck

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SPECIFIC ELEMEN

TS OF U

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UN

IT NO

. 1.3

UN

IT NA

ME: D

ENTA

L AN

ATO

MY Periods - 125

UN

ITN

AM

E OF ELEM

ENTS

PERIO

DS

NO

.

1.5.1Incisors-M

axillary and mandibular incisors

40

1.5.2C

anines-Maxillary and m

andibular canines20

1.5.3Prem

olars-Maxillary and m

andibularprem

olars25

1.5.4M

olars-Maxillary and M

andibular Molars

40

30 % periods - theory session and 70%

periods - practical activities

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DETAILED ELEMENTS OF UNIT

Ideas/Concepts/Skill Learning Outcomes Suggested Activities Assessment

Incisors• Morphology, differences between

central and lateral incisors,mandibular and maxillary incisors

SKILLS• Able to identify the teeth and its

specific locations, Able to carve theteeth according to Anatomy.

Canines• Morphology differences between

upper and lower canines.SKILLS• Able to identify the teeth and its

specific locations.• Able to carve the teeth according to

Anatomy.Premolars• Morphology differences

between1stand 2nd premolars.SKILLS• Able to identify the teeth and its

specific locations.• Able to carve the teeth according to

AnatomyMolars• Morphology, differences between

dmolarsSKILLS• Able to identify the teeth and its

specific locations, Able to carve theteeth according to Anatomy.

• The learners will be able toconstruct wax pattern for crown andF.P.D

• Smile designing• Teeth selection• Teeth setting

• The learner will be able to constructwax pattern for crown and FixedPartial Dentures,

• Smile designing• Teeth selection• Teeth setting.

• The Learner will be able toconstruct the wax pattern for crownand Fixed Partial Dentures

• Smile designing• Teeth selection• Teeth setting

• The learners will be able toconstruct the wax pattern for crownand Fixed Partial dentures

• Smile designing• Teeth selection• Teeth setting

• Carving of teeth• Setting of teeth• Selection of teeth using shade guide

collection of natural teeth

• Carving of teeth• Setting of teeth• Selection of teeth using shade guide• Collection of natural teeth

• Carving of teeth Setting of teeth• Selection of teeth using shade guide• Collection of natural teeth

• Carving of teeth• Setting of teeth• Selection of teeth• Using shade guide• Collection of natural teeth

• Practical evaluation• Chart showing different

aspects of teeth. Posterpreparation

• Practical-evaluation• Chart showing different

aspects of teeth.• Poster preparation• Of human dentition

• Practical - evaluation• Chart showing• Different aspects of teeth.• Poster preparation• Of human dentition.

• Practical evaluation• Chart showing• Different aspects of teeth• Poster preparation

Unit No. : 1.5: DENTAL ANATOMY

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SPECIFIC ELEMENTS OF UNIT

UNIT NO. 1.3

UNIT NAME: EQUIPMENT USED IN DENTAL LAB

UNIT NAME OF ELEMENTS PERIODSNO.

1.6.1 Equipment's and Instruments used inDental Lab 25

DETAILED ELEMENTS OF UNIT

Ideas/Concepts/Skill Learning Outcomes Suggested Activities Assessment

Equipment's and instruments usedin Dental Lab• Instruments in Dental Lab-

familiarization of• Equipment in Dental Lab, acryliser,

Dental lathe etc.SKILLS• Able to - identify instruments used in

Dental Lab.• Identify the uses of the instruments

used in the Dental Lab

• The Learner will be able to identifythe instruments and equipment'sused in Dental Lab. Use theinstruments and equipment'seffectively

• Identification of instruments.• Visit to Dental Lab• Picture, Album

• Notes• Questionnaire• Quiz• Album• Evaluation

Unit No. : 1.6: Equipment used in Dental lab

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SPECIFIC ELEMEN

TS OF U

NIT

UN

IT NO

. 1.7

UN

IT NA

ME: D

ENTA

L ASSISTA

NCE Part - 1

Periods - 60

UN

ITN

AM

E OF ELEM

ENTS

PERIO

DS

NO

.

1.7.1Instrum

ents, equipment's and m

aterialsused in dental clinics

30

1.7.2Sterilization and infection control inD

ental clinics30

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DETAILED ELEMENTS OF UNIT

Ideas/Concepts/Skill Learning Outcomes Suggested Activities Assessment

• Instruments, materials equipment'sused in Dental clinics

• Identification and familiarize the usesof surgical and non-surgicalinstruments

• Materials used in surgical procedure.Eg: cotton, spirit, local anestheticsolution etc.

• Identification of equipment's such asdental chair, scalar units, sterilizingequipment's-ray machine,compressor

SKILLS• Ability to identify the different

equipment's ,materials, instrumentsused in Dental clinics

• Assist a dental surgeon after shortterm apprenticeship training in govt./private sector

Sterilization and infection control inDental clinics• Basic in sterilization• Micro-organisms frequently found.• Need of sterilization• Use of mask and gloves• Sterilization equipment's• Sterilization materialsSKILLS• Ability to identify• Different microorganisms frequently

found.• Identify use of mask and gloves• Identification of sterilizing

equipment's and materials• Assist a dental surgeon in sterilization• Techniques after apprenticeship• Training in government,/private

sector

• The learner will be able to• Assist the Dental surgeon in the

dental procedures. after apprentice• Identify the instruments

The learner will be able to• Identify sterilizing equipment's and

materials• Able to work as dental assistance

after a short term apprenticeshiptraining

• Identification of equipment's• Visit to dental clinics• Detailed report on procedures and

equipment's witnessed.

• Discussion on sterilizationtechniques

• Notes preparation• Visit to Dental clinic• Pictures of various sterilization

methods collected from magazines.

• Notes• Questionnaire• Quiz• Report on visit to dental clinic

• Questionnaire• Album preparation• Visit-report

Unit No. : 1.7 - DENTAL ASSISTANCE

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LIST OF PRA

CTICAL A

CTIVITIES IN

MO

DU

LE.1

Unit: 1.1

1.Edentulous and D

entulous cast preparations2.

Marking

of A

natomical

landmarks

in upper

and low

erEdentulous class

Unit:1.2

1.M

anipulation of dental plaster and Dental stone.

2.Estim

ation of mixing tim

e, setting time of D

ental stone and plasterof Paris

3.C

onstruction of 1 inch cube and pyramids of D

ental stone andPlaster of Paris, m

odelling wax

4.Spotters

Unit: 1.3

1.Spotters - Identification of Labeled parts

Unit: 1.5

1.Spotters -Identification of teeth (M

axillary and mandibular teeth)

2.C

arving of Maxillary and m

andibular teeth on wax blocks.

Eg: (a) Incisors(b) C

anines(c) prem

olars(d) M

olars

UN

IT:1.61.

Identification of instruments used in D

ental Lab2.

Spotters

UN

IT:1.7Identification of sterilization of sterilization instrum

ents.Identification of Surgical and non-surgical instrum

ents.

List of Tools, Equipment’s and M

aterials

Tools•

Plaster knife•

Plaster spatula•

Wax knife

•W

ax spatula•

Lecron’s carver•

Rubber bowl

•C

hip Blower

•D

iagnostic Instruments

•Extraction Instrum

ents

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•Periodontal Instrum

ents•

Kidney trays

Equipment’s

•M

odel Trimm

er•

Lathe•

Spirit lamp

•Sterilizers

•A

utoclave

Materials

•D

ental Plaster•

Dental stone

•C

otton•

Spirit•

Disinfectants like D

ettol•

Carving w

ax•

Impression M

aterials•

Dental cem

ents•

Denture Base M

aterials•

Separating Medias

LIST OF REFEREN

CE TEXT-MO

DU

LE 1•

Dental m

aterials - Properties and manipulation

•A

natomy of H

ead and neck by Chaurasia

•D

ental Materials - C

linical application for Dental A

ssistant andD

ental Hygienist - 2

nd Edition•

Gray’s A

natomy

•W

heelar’s Dental A

natomy, Physiology, occlusion

•M

anual of Tooth carving by Syed Sadattulla•

Clinical A

spects of Dental m

aterials•

Phillip’s Science of Dental M

aterials•

Dental m

aterials: Pocket guide•

Dental M

aterials at a Glance

•D

elmer’s D

ental material guide

•D

ental M

aterials -

Restorative m

aterials, D

ental resin,

Miscellaneous D

ental Materials and D

ental Gold/alloys

•Text book of M

icrobiology - Ananthanarayanan

•M

edical Laboratory Manual for Tropical countries - M

onics cheesBrough

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Web sites

ww

w.w

ikipedia.com

ww

w.dentalcare.com

ww

w.slideshare.net

ww

w.learnerstv.com

ww

w.w

ebmd.com

ww

w.journals.elsevier.com

ww

w.sciencedirect.com

DETA

ILED A

NA

LYSIS OF U

NIT 1

OV

ERVIEW

The unit introduces the learner to the basic concepts of dentistry it dealsw

ith•

Terminologies in dentistry

•Basic anatom

y of oral cavity•

Parts of tooth•

Dental form

ula•

Anatom

ical landmarks of oral cavity

Page - 86

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DETAILED ELEMENTS OF UNIT

Ideas/Concepts/Skill Learning Outcomes Suggested Activities Assessment

Introduction to teeth and oral cavitySKILLS• Identification of Teeth

Basic Anatomy of Oral CavitySKILLS• Identify Anatomical landmarks and

Boarders of mouth

Parts of toothSKILLS• Identification of parts of tooth

Dental chronologySKILLS• Identify the age of a patient from his/

her cast

Dental FormulaSKILLS• Able to communicate the details of

specific teeth. Zygmondy's palmersystem and FDI system

Anatomical landmarks of oral cavitySKILLS• Able to locate the extension of

Dentures. Clinical significance ofAnatomical land marks .The relievingand stressbearing areas of completeDentures

The Learners will be able to:• Differentiate between types of teeth

The Learners will be able to:• Identify the extension of Dentures-

trim dentures accurately

The Learners will be able to:• Identify the different parts of teeth-

educate patient in pain management

The Learners will be able to:• Identify and determine the age of

patient

The Learners will be able to:• Identify individual teeth.• Ability to communicate information

of specific teeth

• Enhance the success of Dentures

• Collection of Extracted teeth, castsamples, chart preparation, group-discussion and notes

• Collection of cast samples,preparation of chart, Demonstration

• Construction of models showingparts of tooth, video presentation

• Chart preparation

• Making of puzzles, a discussiontooth names in to different toothnumbering systems.

• Video/pictures presentationmarking the AnatomicalLandmarks. Collection of patient'scast edentulous models fromDental clinic

• Participation in DiscussionCollection of materials

• Chart preparation

• Quiz Questionnaire

• Quiz Questionnaire

• Quiz puzzles

• Analyze and categorizedifferent edentulous models

Unit No. : 1.3: Science of Dental Materials

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DETA

ILING

OF A

CTIVITIES

UN

IT 1.1.1 - HU

MA

N D

ENTITIO

N

LO: Learners w

ill be able to:•

Identify the different types of teeth•

Differentiate betw

een types of teeth

The teacher introduces the topic of ‘Hum

an dentition’ by asking thelearners about their opinion on the im

portance of teeth. Here, the learner

can recall his/her previous experiences with dental health.The teacher

facilitates in recalling previous knowledge learnt in low

er classes by asim

ple questionnaire. The teacher familiarizes the classification and

naming of teeth by relating the functions of teeth w

ith their names. The

teacher introduces the learner to•

The history of dentistry, evolution of dentistry as a separatebranch.This can be done via hand outs, discussions etc.

•Im

portance of dentistry in medical field

•The teacher can divide the learners into different groups andassign them

to1)

collect extracted teeth, cast samples from

dental clinics.2)

prepare chart of their own dentition.

3)group discussion on types of teeth.

Each group presents their findings. The interacts with the learners and

facilitates them to consolidate their view

s on human dentition.

Consolidation•

Types of teeth•

Functions of teeth•

Terminologies associated w

ith dentist

UN

IT 1.1.2 - BASIC A

NA

TOM

Y OF O

RAL CA

VITY

LO: The learner w

ill be able to:•

Identify the extensions of a denture.

The teacher starts the concept/topic with a general/group discussion

on “Basic oral anatomy”.The follow

ing discussion points are included•

Borders of oral cavity•

Contents of oral cavity

•D

ivision of oral mucosa

The teacher interacts with learners to m

ake them understand the

objectives of learning basic oral anatomy in dental technology course.

The teacher can also show them

videos, diagrams of oral cavity.

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He/she can divide them

into groups and ask them to docum

ent the oralcavity of their partner.

CON

SOLID

ATIO

N

Study of structure of oral cavity.

UN

IT 1.1.3 - PARTS O

F TOO

TH

L.O: The learner develops the ability to identify the different parts of

teeth.

The teacher explains to the learners the different parts of the tooth. He/

she can use diagrams or the crossection of an extracted tooth for this

purpose. He/she m

entions the layers of dental enamel, dentine, and

pulp and explains the pulp as a living tissue and its importance in tooth

vitality.

The learners can be divided into groups and asked to prepare models

of tooth in thermocol depicting the cross section of teeth.

Caries occurrence on teeth can be explained w

ith the help of animated

video depicting the incidence and progression of caries and sequalaeof dental caries and its treatm

ents. This can help to educate the learnersin dental health and evoke their curiosity about dentistry.

CON

SOLID

ATIO

N•

Parts of teeth•

Enamel

•D

entine•

Pulp•

Periodontium•

Vital tissues of teeth-pulp

•D

ental caries and its sequalae

UN

IT - 1.1.4 DEN

TAL CH

RON

OLO

GY

LO: A

bility to determine the age of patient.

The teacher asks leading questions to assess the knowledge of the

learners regarding the eruption of various teeth. She tries to elicitresponses by asking the learners of their observations on the tim

e andsequence

of eruption

mainly

in children

in their

homes

andneighborhood. She can help them

to pinpoint the time of eruption and

exfoliation of teeth.

CON

SOLID

ATIO

N

The sequence of eruption is indicative of age of patient.

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IT 1.1.5 - DEN

TAL FO

RMU

LA

LO: A

bility to identify specific teeth and comm

unicate information on

the teeth.

A general discussion is initiated to understand the im

portance of dentalform

ula for easy comm

unication and convenience. The teacher shouldbe able to elicit from

learner the difficulty in specifying a tooth.

For eg: The maxillary right first m

olar can be easily written as 16 (FD

I)or 6 (palm

ar).

Make the learners find the need for having a dental form

ula in dentalpractice. List out and give explanations of each tooth num

beringsystem

s and ask the learners to write the tooth num

bers of all tooth inPalm

er Notation and FD

I system.

CON

SOLID

ATIO

N•

Zygmondy Palm

er system•

FDI system

UN

IT 1.1.6 - AN

ATO

MICA

L LAN

DM

ARKS O

F ORA

L CAV

ITY

LO: A

bility to enhance the success of dentures.

The teacher can use the animated or video presentation show

ing•

Different types of failures of com

plete dentures•

Importance of clinical significance of anatom

ical landmarks in

denture construction

Learners can be given edentulous models to m

ark and shade theanatom

ical landmarks.G

roup discussions can be conducted and reportscan be presented. Teacher can show

different patient’s edentulousm

odels and can explain the differences in edentulous anatomy of

particular patients. Collect the history of success and failures of dentures

from dental clinics and share w

ith learners.

CON

SOLID

ATIO

N•

Anatom

ical landmarks of m

axillary and mandibular edentulous

arch•

Clinical significance of the anatom

ical landmarks

REPOSITO

RY OF CE PO

SSIBILITIES

a.PRO

CESS A

SSESSMEN

T

To evaluate the multidim

ensional competencies of the learner w

ithregards to the practicability and nature of the subject, the follow

ing CE

activities can be advised for continuous evaluation-seminar, discussion,

assignment, class test, practical, project, collection etc.

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In order to fulfill the process of continuous evaluation, self-assessment,

peer assessment, and teacher assessm

ent has to be done prudently. Theindicators like participation, conceptual understanding, attainm

entskills, perform

ance/presentation and recording/preparation are to befixed for assessing learning process. For self-assessm

ent, appropriatetools m

ay be adopted.b.

PORTFO

LIO A

SSESSMEN

T

Indicators like conceptual clarity, assimilation of concepts, appropriate

layout design structure, completion, originality, aw

areness of content,skill in com

munication, accuracy and perfection, system

atic andsequential arrangem

ents can be fixed for the assessing portfolios.1)

Report on importance of oral anatom

y in the fabrication of dentalprosthesis.

2)C

ollection of extracted teeth and its identification.3)

Cast sam

ples of different types of dentition.4)

Collection of cast sam

ples of different edentulous patients,analyze, and m

ake a study report.5)

Construction of m

odels showing parts of teeth.

6)C

onversion of tooth names into different tooth num

beringsystem

s.7)

Marking and shading of anatom

ical landmarks in edentulous

casts.8)

Album

preparation of smiling faces of different dentitions.

9)Sem

inar paper and report on different stages of dentition.c.

UN

IT BASED

ASSESM

ENT

Assesm

ent of learners after each unit can be done by the following

methods-open book assessm

ent, class test, oral test, quizzes etc.

T E QU

ESTION

S1)

Differentiate betw

een the dentition of 3 years old and 9 years oldboy.

(Score 3)

LO: 1.1.4

2)61, 22 are tooth num

bers of human dentition. Identify these tw

oteeth.LO

: 1.1.5(Score 2)

3)Identify the teeth from

the dental formula given below

:a) 6 (palm

ar system)

(Score 5)

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: 1.1.5b)

Tooth No: A

(Universal system

)c)

36 (FDI system

)d)

52 (FDI system

)e)

c (Palmer system

)4)

Match the follow

ing.(Score 5)

LO: 1.1.4

a)4

(i)C

usp of Carrabelli

b)6

(ii)2 C

uspsc) 5

(iii)5 C

uspsd) 1

(iv)m

andibular 2nd prem

olare) 6

(v)C

ingulum5)

Identify the age of a patient whose dentition is represented below

.LO

: 1.1.4(Score: 3)

6 E D C

B 1A

B C D

E 66 E D

C B 1

1 B C D

E 66)

Identify the muscles that help in m

astication of food.Write the

origin,insertion and action of the muscles.

LO: 1.4.4

(Score: 4)

LIST OF TO

OLS A

ND

EQU

IPMEN

TS AN

D M

ATERIA

LS

Module I &

II

Tools•

Plaster knife•

Plaster spatula•

Wax knife

•W

ax spatula•

Lecron’sscarver•

Rubber bowl (big and sm

all)

•C

hip blower

Equipments

•M

odel trimm

er•

Lathe•

Spirit lamp

•A

cryliser•

Articulator

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Materials

•D

ental plaster•

Dental stone

•M

odeling wax

•Shellac base plate

•Sticky w

ax•

Separating media

•Spirit

•C

arving wax

EQU

IPMEN

TS TO BE A

CQU

IRED

Module I

1.Instrum

ents used in clinicsA

.D

iagnostic instruments (10 sets)

i.M

outh mirror

ii.Straight probe

iii.C

urved probeiv.

Periodontal probeB.

Extraction Instruments (5 sets)

i.Periostal elevators

ii.Straight elevators

iii.Forceps set

iv.Suture thread and needle

v.A

rtery forcepsvi.

Needle holder

vii.K

idney traysC

.Root canal instrum

ents (5 sets)D

.Im

pression materials of different sizes and types.

E.G

lass slab and cement spatula (5 sets)

2.Equipm

entsi.

Sterilizers3.

Materials

i.Im

pression materials like alginate, im

pressioncom

pound, zinc oxide euginon impression paste.

ii.Surgical m

aterials like cotton, spirit and local anestheticsolution.

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iii.D

ental cements like zinc phosphate, zinc oxide

euginon.iv.

Gutta-percha

v.Restorative m

aterials like amalgam

, glass ionomer and

composite.

4.M

odels of skull, facial bones and skull bone.5.

Temperom

adibular joint model.

Module 2

Dental M

echanic. 1 (Prosthodontics)

UN

ITN

AM

E OF U

NITS

PERIO

DS

NO

.

2.1Introduction to D

ental mechanic

20

2.2Fabrication of com

plete Denture

174

2.3Rem

ovable Partial Denture

75

2.4Fixed Partial D

enture10

2.5Repair of D

entures20

2.6Im

mediate and over D

entures15

2.7D

enture Relining and Rebasing15

2.8Introduction to N

ewly launched

products - Dentres

3

2.9M

axillofacial prosthesis5

2.10Introduction to D

ental implants

3

30 % periods - theory session and 70%

periods - practical activities

OV

ERVIEW

OF M

OD

ULE - 2

Module 2 D

ental Mechanics is the lifeline of D

ental technology Course.

Dental M

echanics include the Techniques of fabrication and repair ofcom

plete dentures,

oral and

maxillofacial

prosthesis, im

plantsintroduction of new

ly launched products such as Bio functionalprosthetics system

(BPS) and flexible removable dentures. It also deals

with appliances that are often needed to replace areas of bone of tissue

and restore oral functions such as swallow

ing, speech and chewing. A

tthe com

pletion of the module the learner w

ill be skilled in.1.

Fabrication and repairs of complete denture

2.Fabrication and repair of Rem

ovable partial Dentures

3.A

ssist in fabrication of imm

ediate and over dentures4.

Assist in relining and rebasing cases

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He/she w

ill also be able to assist the Dental surgeon in educating the

patient on Dental Im

plants.

SPECIFIC ELEMEN

TS OF U

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Module - 2

Unit 2.1 - Introduction, objectives and scope of Prosthodontics

UN

ITN

AM

E OF ELEM

ENTS

PERIO

DS

NO

.

2.1Introduction, objectives and scope ofprosthodontics

20

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DETAILED ELEMENTS OF UNIT

Ideas/Concepts/Skill Learning Outcomes Suggested Activities Assessment

• Definition and classification ofprosthodontics

• Objectives of prosthdontic Appliance• Scope of ProsthodonticsSKILLS• Ability to Understand the

consequence of edentulous state• Able to identify the objectives of

prosthodontic application

The learners will be able to• Suggest restorative appliances

according to need and usage

• Charts of Eduntulous and partiallyedentulous casts.

• Video• Collection of photographs /

diagrams of different dentalprosthesis

• Notes preparation• Album preparation• Notes

Unit No 2.1 - Introduction to Dental Mechanics

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Unit 2.2 - Fabrication of com

plete denture

UN

ITN

AM

E OF ELEM

ENTS

PERIO

DS

NO

.

2.2.1Im

pression Trays10

2.2.2.Prim

ary impression and prim

ary cast15

2.2.3Secondary im

pression5

2.2.4C

asting of secondary impression

7

2.2.5Tem

porary Denture base

10

2.2.6O

cculusal Rims

10

2.2.7Jaw

relation5

2.2.8Selection of teeth

5

2.2.9A

rticulators and Articulation

10

2.2.10O

cclusion and Teeth setting60

2.2.11Finishing of w

ax dentures4

2.2.12Flasking

5

2.2.13D

ewaxing

5

2.2.14Packing

8

2.2.15C

uring5

2.2.16D

eflasking5

2.2.17Trim

ming and polishing

5

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DETAILED ELEMENTS OF UNIT

Ideas/Concepts/Skill Learning Outcomes Suggested Activities Assessment

Impression Trays• Classification, fabrication and uses of

impression Trays.SKILLS• Ability to select import trays• Fabricate impression Trays to

improve retention• Recognize the role of impression trays

in the success of DenturesPrimary impression and primary cast• Principles and factors effecting

impression making• Definition of primary impression• Primary impression materials -

manipulation techniquesPreparation of primary castSKILLS• Ability to Manipulate impression• Material adequately• Fabricate primary cast• Understand the importance of proper

impressionSecondary impression• Special tray

Fabrication• Border molding• Wash impression• Failures in manipulation of impressionSKILLSAbility to• Prepare accurate special tray with

proper extensions.

The learners will be able to• Select impression trays for specific

patients.• Fabricate special trays and other

trays according to specification• Improve the quality of impression by

modifying the trays if needed

The learners will be able to• Mix/manipulate impression

materials accurately.• Fabricate primary cast.• Assist a dentist in making a primary

impression

The learner will be able to• Fabricate special tray accurately• Manipulate wash impression

material• Identify the working time, mixing

time of various impression material• Manipulate impression material

Successfully• Assist the dentist in taking a

secondary impression• Identify the conditions of distortion

of impression• Select suitable impression material.

• Practical Activity like fabrication ofspecial trays.

• Charts/models showing differenttypes of Trays.

• Recall he previous material ofDenture base materials.

• Compare and contrast differentimpression trays

• Role play dealing with manipulationof impression material

• Loading of impression materials.• Fabrication of primary cast

accuracy.

• General discussion in Laboratoryand clinical procedures

• Video, pictures, presentation• Discussion on clinical and

laboratory procedures• Practical activity

• Practical evaluation• Chart/model evaluation• Questionnaire

• Evaluation of correcttechnique demonstrated

• Practical evaluation• Model evaluation

• Report presentation• Recollecting previous

knowledge• Report presentation• Practical evaluation

Unit No. : 2.2: Fabrication of Complete denture

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DETAILED ELEMENTS OF UNIT

Ideas/Concepts/Skill Learning Outcomes Suggested Activities Assessment

Casting of impression• Preservation of impression• Beading and boxing of impression• Preparation of castSKILLS• Ability to do Beading, boxing• Fabricate on accurate master cast• Understand the importance of

accurate master cast in Denturesuccess

Temporary Denture Base• Fabrication of temporary denture

Base with shellac and acrylic resin• Extension of temporary denture base

in denture successSKILLS• Ability to Manipulation of shellac base

plate and self cure acrylic resin• Construct temporary Denture base

accurately with proper extensions.• Fabricate complete denture with

proper retensionOcclusal Rims• Definition of occlusal Rims• Preparation of Occlusal rimsSKILLS• Ability to prepare occlusal rims to

proper extensions.Jaw relation• Vertical, orientation, Horizontal jaw

relationSKILLS• Develop the skill to assist dental

Surgeon

• The learner will be able to doBeading and boxing of impression.

• Fabricate accurate secondary cast• Recognize the chance of distortion• Assist dentist in clinical procedures.

The learners will be able to• Fabricate accurate denture base

with proper extensions.• Fabricate accurate complete

denture

The learners will be able to• Prepare occlusal rims in any type of

arch forms.

The learner will be able to• Assist Dental Surgeon in Jaw

relation procedure

• Practical Activities• Beading and Boxing• Secondary cast preparation

• Practical activity• Construction of temporary denture

base on secondary cast• Visit to dental lab and collection of

datas.

• Practical activity• Collection of edentulous models

from clinics and preparation ofocclusal rims

• Preparation of occlusal rims onmodel cast

• Visit to Dental Clinics• Visualize video program, internet

• Practical evaluation

• Practical evaluation• Data presentation

• Practical evaluation• Notes preparation

• Notes• Report on clinic visit

Unit No. : 1.3: Science of Dental Materials

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DETAILED ELEMENTS OF UNIT

Ideas/Concepts/Skill Learning Outcomes Suggested Activities Assessment

• Selection of teeth• Principles to be considered where

selection of teethSKILLS• Ability to recognize ideal teeth based

on patients features.• Understand the importance of teeth

selection and dental aestheticsArticulators and Articulation• Familiarization with types of

articulator• Types of articulators• Procedure of articulationOcclusion and teeth setting• Definition of occlusion• Familiarization of terms like over jet,

Over bite, key of occlusion, occlusalplane, curve of spee-balancedocclusion, centric relation

• Centric occlusion• Principles of teeth setting of anterior

and posterior teethSKILLS• Ability to recognize the balanced

occlusion• Set teeth with key of occlusion over

jet, overbite• Recognize the importance of setting

of teeth according to principles forsuccess of dentures.

• Evaluate the occlusion of a completedentures

• Analyze and correct defect in settingof teeth

The learner will be able to• Select teeth according to patients

face, color, size and shape• Fabricate dentures aesthetically• Assist dentist in teeth selection

The learner will be able to• Select ideal articulator• Do articulation procedure

accurately

The learner will be able to• Set teeth in occlused rims in centric

relation.• Fabricate dentures with good

functional and aesthetics values andin balanced occlusion

• Correct defects in complete inrelation to occlusion and aesthetics

• Visit to dental clinic to witnessprocedure

• Collection of photos of includingdifferent size, shape and color offace and importance of teeth.

• Chart preparation showing idealteeth - size, shape and color for eachtype of face .

• Practical activity• Visit to manufacture and trading

centers.• Visit to dental lab

• Discussion with teachers on thedifference of setting of teeth inpatients with different s withdifferent occlusion.

• Photo collection of different typesof occlusion

• Visit to dental lab• Setting of teeth in balanced

occlusion

• Report on visit• Chart/Album evaluation• Notes

• Practical evaluation• Note• Activity log

• Discussion reports• Report on visit• Album preparation• Practical evaluation

Unit No. : 1.3: Science of Dental Materials

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DETAILED ELEMENTS OF UNIT

Ideas/Concepts/Skill Learning Outcomes Suggested Activities Assessment

Finishing of wax denture• Familiarization with procedure of

waxing up festooning, stippling andestablishment of posterior palatal seal

• Importance of finishing of denture inthe success of complete denture

• Mistakes during waxing upSKILLS

Ability to• Wax up dentures to get proper

thickness• Do festooning and stippling to get

proper anatomical contour of gingivaland aesthetics establish posteriorpalate seal for good retention ofdentures

• Fabricate complete denture withproper functional and aesthetic value.

Flasking• Familiarization with dental flask.• Procedure of flasking• Importance of separating media• Single pour and double pour

techniques• Materials used• Mistakes of Dental flasking

proceduresSKILLS• Ability to Do a successful• Flasking procedure with wax dentures• Apply separating media correctly

during different stages of flasking• Choose between single and double

pour techniques.• Understand the importance of

flaskingprocedure in fabricating asuccessful dentures

• Fabricate a successful denture withminimum mistakes in flaskingprocedure.

The learners will be able to:• Perform waxing up accurately.• Fabricate dentures with good

functional aesthetic values andretention

• Fabricate self-cleansing hygienicdentures.

The learners will be able to:• Assist dental technician in dental lab• Do flasking procedure accurately.• Fabricating dentures with accurate

function and aesthetics• Minimize flasking defects• Correct defects of flasking if

needed.

• Practical activity• Collection of photograph of denture

with and without festooning andstippling

• Discussion with teacher'sparticipation on difference betweendentures with festooning andwithout festooning.

• Festooning and steppling to be doneon wax dentures

• Practical Activity• Visit to dental lab to witness

procedure• Collection of picture samples of

different types of flask• Video of flasking procedures to be

viewed from internet.www.youtube.com

• General discussion on importanceof flasking procedure in successfuldenture and possible mistakesassociated with procedure.

• Photo album and chartpreparation

• Discussion report• Practical evaluation

• Practical evaluation• Individual report on visit• Fabrication of pictures or

Album• Consolidated report on the

procedure.

Unit No. : 1.3: Science of Dental Materials

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DETAILED ELEMENTS OF UNIT

Ideas/Concepts/Skill Learning Outcomes Suggested Activities Assessment

Dewaxing• Familiarization with procedure of

dewaxing• Importance of dewaxing• Correct procedure for application of

separating media.• Possible mistakes during dewaxing• Importance of temperatureSKILLS• Ability to do dewaxing procedures

accuratelyPacking• Familiarization with procedure• Manipulation of Resin• Importance of temperature and

separating media• Possible mistakesSKILLS• Ability to do packing procedure

accurately• Minimize mistakes associated with

packing• Proper separating media• Fabricate a successful denture after

following proper packing proceduresCuring• Familiarization with acriyliser• Procedure of curing• Importance of temperature• Possible mistakes in curing

proceduresSKILLS• Ability to Do curing procedures after

dewaxing accurately• Set temperature for optimum curing• Minimize mistakes during curing• Understand the importance of

accurate curing procedure in thesuccess of denture

• Fabricate a successful denture.

The learners will be able to:• Do dewaxing procedure s

accurately• Assist the dental technician in dental

lab• Evaluate the mistakes and takes

steps to prevent them.

The learner will be able to• Assist dental technician in dental

labs.• Do packing procedures accurately• Minimize packing defects.• Fabricate denture• Analyze defects of denture and

correct mistakes.

The learners will be able to• Assist dental technician in dental lab• Do curing procedure accurately• Fabricate denture with accurate

function and aesthetics• Identify reasons for curing defects

and ways to prevent them.

• Practical activity• Visit to Dental lab• Discussion on application on types

of separating media and importanceof temperature, possible mistakeswith teacher guidance

• Practical activity• Discussion on possible mistakes

and prevention with teacherparticipation

• Visit to Dental lab• Documentation on procedure

• Practical activity• Visit to Dental lab• Documentation on procedureDiscussion of

(1) Proper curing procedure(2) Possible mistakes(3) Ways of prevention

• Video of curing procedure to beviewed from

• www.youtube.com

• Practical evaluation• Report on visit to dental lab• Notes• Activity log• Quiz

• Practical evaluation• Report• Quiz• Notes

• Practical evaluation• Report on visiting• Notes verification• Discussion report• Class test, recollection on

previous materials.• Report on procedure

Unit No. : 1.3: Science of Dental Materials

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DETAILED ELEMENTS OF UNIT

Ideas/Concepts/Skill Learning Outcomes Suggested Activities Assessment

Deflasking• Familiarization with deflasking with

procedures• Possible mistakes during deflaskingSKILLS• Ability to Do deflaskingprocedures

accurately• Identify mistakes during deflasking• Understand importance of deflasking

in denture fabrication• Fabrication of a successful denture

Trimming and polishing• Procedure of trimming and polishing• Materials used• Mistakes during trimming and

polishingSKILLS• Ability to Perform trimming and

polishing accurately• Fabricate dentures accurately with

proper extensions.

The learner will be able to• Assist dental technician during

deflasking procedure accurately• Evaluate the mistakes and takes

steps to prevent them• Fabricate denture with accurate

function and aesthetics

The learners will be able to• Assist dental technician during

trimming and polishing• Perform trimming and polishing by

conserving the extension of dentureto get maximum retention

• Identify mistakes and rectify them.• Fabricate complete dentures with

accurate functional and aestheticsvalues

• Practical activity• Visit dental lab• Video of deflasking procedure• Documentation of procedure steps.

• Practical Activity• Visit to dental Lab• Video of procedure• Documentation of steps of curing• General discussion on mistakes and

prevention

• Practical evaluation• Notes evaluation• Questionnaire• Report on visit to Dental lab

• Practical evaluation• Report• Notes evaluation• Quiz• Discussion reports

Unit No. : 1.3: Science of Dental Materials

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SPECIFIC ELEMEN

TS OF U

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Unit 2.3 - Rem

ovable Partial Denture (RPD

)

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2.3.1.Introduction, Term

inologyand classification10

2.3.2.C

omponents of rem

ovable partial denture25

2.3.3.Steps in fabrication of rem

ovablepartial denture

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DETAILED ELEMENTS OF UNIT

Ideas/Concepts/Skill Learning Outcomes Suggested Activities Assessment

Introduction terminology andclassification• Familiarization with terminologies• Classification of removable partial

dentures• Classification of edentulous archesSKILLS• Ability to identify parts of RPD and

structures associated with removablepartial dentures

• Classify RPD based on support,retention and treatment modality

• Identify the different types of partialdentures used in different types ofedentulous arches

• Differentiate between fixed partialdentures and removable partialdentures

Components of removable partialdentures• Familiarization of different parts of

RPD and its role.• Maxillary and mandibular major

connectors their designs,classification and use.

• Minor connectors.• Rest - different types and uses.• Direct retainers and reciprocal

stabilizing components-intra coronalretainers, extra coronal retainers,types, principles and requirements ofclasps.

• Indirect retainers denture bases types,advantages and disadvantages.

The learners will be able to• Differentiate between removable

partial dentures and fixed partialdentures

• Recognize different structuresassociated with RPD.

• Predict a basic design of RPD for aparticular patient

• Assist dental technician in designingRPD

The learners will be able to• Identify components of RPD• Suggest and fabricate parts of RPD

according to situational needs• Choose ideal material for RPD• Assist in designing RPD.

• Fabrication of models of differentclasses of edentulous arch.

• Chart preparation of importantterminologies associated with RPD.

• Discussion on objectives andindications contraindications ofRPD

• Collection of patient picture ofdifferent classes of edentulousarch.

• Visit to dental labs• Identification and discussion of

parts of RPD on models.• Chart preparation or

picture collection of components ofRPD, Different types of RPD

• Video presentation of componentsof RPD viewed fromwww.youtbe.com

• General Discussion on parts, role ofparts of RPD

• Preparation of models ofcomponents of RPD

• Evaluation of models• Questionnaire• Report presentation• Picture album evaluation

• Report Presentation• Questionnaire• Album/Chart preparation• Class test• Report on video• Discussion reports

Unit No. : 1.3: Science of Dental Materials

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DETAILED ELEMENTS OF UNIT

Ideas/Concepts/Skill Learning Outcomes Suggested Activities Assessment

SKILLS• Ability to Identity parts of RPD.• To design, rests, claps according to

need.• Understand the various roles of

various components of RPD.• Choose between metallic and acrylic

denture bases.• Suggest areas of placement of rest,

claps etc.

Steps in Fabrication of removablepartial denture• Familiarize with the steps in

construction of RPD• Examination of oral cavity• Surgical Treatment if any.• Diagnostic impression and diagnostic

cast• Surveyor, parts of surveyor,

Surveying of master cast.• Designing of RPD, Survey lines• Mouth preparation• Final preparation• Survey of Master cast• Alteration, duplication and blackout• Wax pattern, casting and finishing• Try in of frame work• Recording of Jew relation• Teeth selection• Finishing and evaluationSKILLS• Ability to Make diagnostic casts• Survey diagnostic casts• Survey diagnostic• Casts• Design RPD• Assist in mouth preparation• Survey master cast• Perform steps for fabrication of

RPD

The learners will be able to• Assist dental technician in steps of

RDP FABRICATION• Assist Dentist in clinical steps of

RPD fabrication.• Analyze and survey the master cast

and design RPD• Fabricate an RPD according to

specifications of patient and dentistwith minimum, failures

• Advice the dentist on the best designof RPD for it to have optimumfunctions.

• Practical activity• Visit to Dental lab• Video foot age of surveyor, parts of

surveyor, surveying of master cast• Charts preparation• Showing steps of RPD fabrication• Open discussion on Surveying of •

cast• Models of surveyor done in

thermocol.

• Practical evaluation• Visit report• Chart evaluation• Quiz• Questionnaire• Oral class test• Model evaluation

Unit No. : 1.3: Science of Dental Materials

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Unit 2.4 - Fixed partial D

entures

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2.4.1Basics of fixed dentures

4

2.4.2Parts of fixed partial dentures andtypes of FPD

6

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DETAILED ELEMENTS OF UNIT

Ideas/Concepts/Skill Learning Outcomes Suggested Activities Assessment

Introduction to FPD• Familiarization with terminologies• Divisions of Prosthodontics• Types of fixed restorationSKILLS• Ability to understand the different

types of prosthesis fabricated indifferent divisions of prosthodonticsrecognize different types of coronalrestorations.

• Fabricate different types of coronalrestorations.

Parts of FPD and types• Familiarise with parts of FPD• Familiarise classification of FPD's• Indication of FPD'SSKILLS• Ability to Understand the different

parts of FPD.• Understand the functions of the

different parts of FPD• Evaluate and decide different kinds of

FPD's according to indications andcontra indications.

The learners will be able to• Understand the types of restoration

needed• Assist the Dental technician in

crown preparation• To fabricate different types of

coronal restorations.• Assist the Dentist in Dental clinics• Educate the patients on the crown

restorations needed

The learners will be able to• Educate the patients the types of

FPD's• Depending on the case• Assist the Dental surgeon• Assist in Dental Lab

• Visit to Dental clinic and dental lab• Chart preparation of different types

of restorations or picture album• Models of different types of

restoration fabricated.• Documentation or notes

• Survey on "which is better RDF/FPD

• Diagrams/pictures collection ofdifferent types of FPD's

• Preparation of working models oftypical three unit FPD

• Report on visit• Chart presentation• Model evaluation• Questinnaire

• Survey report• Picture, album evaluation• Questionnaire• Practical evaluation

Unit No. 2.4: Fixed partial Dentures

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Unit 2.5 - Repair of D

entures

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2.5.1C

auses of fracture of teeth5

2.5.2Procedure of repairing com

pletelyfractured denture

15

2.5.3Procedure for replacing fracturedor separated teeth.

5

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DETAILED ELEMENTS OF UNIT

Ideas/Concepts/Skill Learning Outcomes Suggested Activities Assessment

Causes of fracture of teeth• Constructional causes• Causes in the mouth• Causes out of mouth• Causes of tooth separationSKILLS• Ability to understand the causes of

fracture• Rectify the cause

Procedure for repairing completelyfractured Denture• Familiarization of step by step

procedure of denture repairSKILLS• Ability to• Repair a broken Denture• Prevent further fracture of Denture• Understand the importance of each

step in denture repair

• Procedure for replacing fractured/separated teeth.

• Procedure for anterior teeth• Procedure for posterior teethSKILLS

Ability to• Replace the separated teeth.• To prevent further separation,

breakage of teeth

The learners will be able to• Understand the cause of fractures• Educate the patients on ways of

prevention

The learners will be able to• Repair a broken denture• Educate the patients to prevent

further fracture

The learner will be able to• Repair a denture with broken/

separated teeth.• Assist the dentist/in educating the

patients to minimize fracture

• Chart• Survey of causes of fracture• Group discussion with teachers co-

operation on different types ofcauses of fracture

• Collection of pictures depictingdifferent causes of fracture

• Practical Activity• Broken denture are issued and

learners are asked to go through thesteps of denture repair

• Visit to Dental Lab.

• Practical Activity• Learners are issued with dentures

with broken/separated teeth.• Visit a dental Lab

• Chart analysation• Survey report• Discussion report• Questionnaire

• Practical evaluation• Visit report

• Practical evaluation• Visit report• Notes evaluation

Unit 2.5: Repair of Dentures

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Unit 2.6 - Im

mediate and over dentures

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2.6.1Im

mediate D

entures8

2.6.2O

ver Denture

7

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DETAILED ELEMENTS OF UNIT

Ideas/Concepts/Skill Learning Outcomes Suggested Activities Assessment

Immediate dentures• Indications and contra indications• Advantages, disadvantages• ProcedureSKILLS• Ability to analyze patient case and

advise patients.• Fabricate immediate dentures for

patients.

Over dentures• Indication and contra indications• Advantages and disadvantages• ProcedureSKILLS

Ability to• Advice the patient on advantages and

disadvantages of over dentures• Fabrication of over denture

The learner will be able to• Assist the Dental in educating the

patient on the feasibility, advantagesand disadvantages of immediatedentures.

• Fabricate the immediate denture forpatient case

The learner will be able to• Assist the dental surgeon in

educating the patient on thefeasibility, advantages anddisadvantages of over dentures

• Fabricate over dentures for patientcase

• Visit to Dental clinic & dental lab.• Video showing• Chair side and Lab procedure

• Visit to dental clinic and Dental lab• Video showing• Chair side and lab procedure

• Report on visit• Questionnaire• Quiz• Class test

• Report on visit• Questionnaire• Quiz• Class test

Unit No. 2.6: Immediate and Over Dentures

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Unit 2.7 - D

ental Relining and Rebasing

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2.7.1D

enture Relining5

2.7.2D

enture Rebasing10

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DETAILED ELEMENTS OF UNIT

Ideas/Concepts/Skill Learning Outcomes Suggested Activities Assessment

Denture Relining• Definition• Advantage and disadvantages• Reasons• ProcedureSKILLS

Ability to• Understand the steps of relining• Assist the dental Surgeon in chair

side procedure• Fabrication of denture in lab

Denture Rebasing• Definition• Advantages and disadvantages• Reasons• ProcedureSKILLS

Ability to• Understand the steps of rebasing• Assist the dental surgeon• Educate the patient on rebasing and

relining procedure• Aesthetically change the denture

base area.

The learners will be able to• Educate the patients on relining

procedures.• Assist the dental surgeon in chair

side techniques• Tightening of dentures in dental lab.

The learners will be able to• Assist the Dentist in helping the

patients to choose between Relining,Rebasing.

• Assist the dental Surgeon in chairside produce

• Rebasing the Denture in DentalLab.

• Visit the Dental Clinic and DentalLab

• Video showing Procedures

Discussion on• "Which is advantages relining or

Rebasing".• Survey on

"Rebasing, Relining orRefabrication of dentures"

• Video showing procedure ofrebasing

• Visit report• Notes evaluation• Questionnaire• Video report evaluation

• Discussion Report• Survey report• Class test• Video report evaluation

Unit No 2.7: Denture Relining and Rebasing

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Unit 2.8 - Introduction to N

ewly launched products - D

entures

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2.8.1BPS (Bio functional prosthetic system

)4

2.8.2Flexible D

entures3

Page - 115

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DETAILED ELEMENTS OF UNIT

Ideas/Concepts/Skill Learning Outcomes Suggested Activities Assessment

Introduction to Bio functionalProsthetic System (BPS)• Definition of BPS• Advantage of BPS• Differences between BPS and

conventional acrylic denturesSKILLS• Ability to have an awareness about

BPS• The scope of BPS• The differences between BPS and

conventional acrylic dentures.

Introduction to flexible dentures(RPD)• What is flexible dentures• Advantages of flexible dentures• Materials usedSKILLS

Able to identify• A flexible Denture• The advantages of flexile dentures

over conventional acrylic and metallicRemovable partial dentures

Learners will be able to• An idea about BPS• Its scope• Its advantage• Differences between BPS and

acrylic dentures.

The learners can identify• Flexible dentures• The advantages of flexible dentures

• Video presentation• Visit to Dental clinic and dental labs.• Survey• Collect the experiences of denture

wearing patients• Seminar

• Video presentation• Visit to dental clinics and Dental lab• Seminar• Collection of photographs.

• Notes• Preparation• Survey evaluation• Seminar report

• Notes• Seminar Report• Album preparation

Unit No. 2.8: Introduction to Newly launched products - Dentures

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SPECIFIC ELEMENTS OF UNIT

Unit 2.9 - Oral and Maxillofacial prosthesis

UNIT NAME OF ELEMENTS PERIODSNO.

2.9.1 Introduction to Oral and maxillofacialprosthesis 5

DETAILED ELEMENTS OF UNIT

Ideas/Concepts/Skill Learning Outcomes Suggested Activities Assessment

• Introduction to oral and maxillofacialprosthesis

• What is an oral and maxillofacialprosthesis

• Its objectives• TypesSKILLS• Ability to understand the objectives of

oral and maxillofacial prosthesis.• Ability to assist in Lab produce after

attaining apprenticeship training

The learner will be able to • Understand the objectives of oral

and maxillofacial prosthesis.• Assist in lab procedure after

attaining apprenticeship training

• Visit to Dental lab• Internet• Video presentation• Seminar• Group discussion

• Note• Seminar report• Presentation• Discussion report

Unit No 2.9: Oral and Maxillofacial prosthesis

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SPECIFIC ELEMENTS OF UNIT

Unit 2.10 - Introduction to Dental implants

UNIT NAME OF ELEMENTS PERIODSNO.

2.10.1 Introduction to Dental implants 3

DETAILED ELEMENTS OF UNIT

Ideas/Concepts/Skill Learning Outcomes Suggested Activities Assessment

Dental Implants • Introduction, definition of Dental

implants • Identification of its parts • Disadvantages and advantages of

dental implantsSKILLS • Ability to define a dental implants • Ability to assist an implantologist

after apprenticeship in the field

The learner will be able to • Able to identify dental implants • Able to assist an implantologist • Able to assist in lab procedure • After attaining apprenticeship • Training

• Visit to Dental Lab• Internal• Video presentation• Seminar• Group discussion

• Notes• Seminar report• Discussion report

Unit No 2.10: Oral and Maxillofacial prosthesis

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List of Practical Activity

UN

IT 2.2•

Construction of special Tray

•C

onstruction of temporary D

enture Base•

Fabrication of occlusal rims

•A

rticulation•

Setting of teeth - 3 setups to be done to key of occlusion•

Waxing up and festooning

•Flasking of w

ax Dentures

•D

ewaxing

•Packing of acrylic dentures

•D

ivesting, Trimm

ing and polishing of Dentures

UN

IT 2.3•

Construct of clasps

•C

onstruction of different types of major connectors

•D

esigning of RPD

UN

IT 2.4•

Spotters - Identification of parts of FPD

UN

IT 2.5•

Repair of broken Dentures

•Repair of dentures w

ith missing teeth

UN

IT 2.8•

Spotters - Identification of newly launched m

aterials

UN

IT 2.10•

Spotters - Identification of parts of Dental im

plants

List of tools, Equipments and m

aterialsTools•

Plaster knife•

Plaster spatula•

Wax knife

•W

ax spatula•

Lecron’s carver•

Rubber bowl

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Equipments

•M

odel Trimm

er•

Lathe•

Spirit Lamp

•D

ental flask with clam

p•

Surveyor•

Articulator

•A

cryliserM

aterials•

Dental stone

•D

ental plaster•

Modeling w

ax•

Shellac Base plate•

Acrylic Resin

•Pum

ice powder

•Spirit

•C

old mold seal

LIST OF REFEREN

CE TEXT - MO

DU

LE - 2•

Clinical text on com

plete denture prosthodontics by - Nithin

Kum

ar Agarw

al, RuchirTripathi•

Dental Lab procedures vol.1, vol.2, vol.3. - K

enneth D Rudd and

others•

Essentials of complete denture prosthodontics - Sheldon W

inkler•

Me K

raken’s removable ,partial D

enture prosthodontic – Alan B

Carr, D

avid T Brown

•Fundam

entals of fixed prosthodontics - Shilling burg, HerbertT,

David A

•Boucher’s Prosthodontics treatm

ent for edentulous patients -G

eorge A C

arb

Web sites

ww

w.w

ikipedia.com

ww

w.dentalcare.com

ww

w.slideshare.net

ww

w.learnerstv.com

ww

w.w

ebmd.com

ww

w.journals.elsevier.com

ww

w.sciencedirect.com

Page - 120

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MO

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ENTA

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IC - 2

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4.1Equipm

ents &units

30

4.2Introduction to orthodontics

20

4.3Fixed orthodontics appliances

25

4.4Rem

ovable orthodontic appliances65

4.5Space m

aintananers35

4.6M

yo functional appliances35

4.7H

abit breaking appliances35

4.8Retainers

25

4.9A

ppliances fabrication35

4.10D

ental assistant - Part. II35

Total periods340

30% periods - theory session and 70%

periods - practical activitiesincluded (O

JT)

MO

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MO

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ME: FA

BRICATIO

N O

F ORTH

OD

ON

TIC APPLIA

NCES

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3.1D

ental materials and equipm

ents45

3.2C

ast duplication and die preparation43

3.3W

ax pattern45

3.4Pontics

45

3.5Investing

45

3.6Burn out

40

3.7C

asting42

3.8D

evesting and finishing35

Total periods340

30% periods - theory session and 70%

periods - practical activitiesincluded (O

JT)