EARLY CIVILIZATIONS

THE FERTILE CRESCENTpages 34-39

CIVILIZATIONS

civilizations: groups of __________ who have a complex and organized __________ within a culture

civilizations have their own _____________, food supply, social _____________, government, religion, and technology.

WHERE CIVILIZATION BEGAN

land between _____________ and __________________ Rivers

because it was between two rivers , the land was very fertile (it had rich ______________)

fertile soil was good for ________________ “______________________” = land

between two rivers

CLIMATE AND RIVERS

summers: hot and _______ _______ for farming

winters: unpredictable rainfall caused rivers to ___________

they needed a method to control the rainfall ________________ systems helped manage

when and how much __________ got to their crops

THE PEOPLE OF MESOPOTAMIA

problem solvers problem: lack of a reliable

_____________source: made _______________ difficult

solution: _______________ systems problem: lack of trees/stones made

________________ difficult solution: used reeds to build huts and sun

dried mud ______________ to build homes, temples and palaces

THE PEOPLE OF MESOPOTAMIA

EQ: What was one problem solved by the people of Mesopotamia?

farmers most people wanted to work on a farm made better farming ___________ ____________ their goods on the _________ extra food = _____________ = rise of

civilization

GROWTH OF CITY-STATES AND TRADE city-states

a city that is an _________________ unit, complete with its own form of government

surplus of food led to division of _____________ (artisans, potters) would be paid with __________

traders traded for goods that Mesopotamians ______ means of transportation: large wooden ________ contact with others spread their ____________

MESOPOTAMIApages 40-46

SUMER AND AKKAD

two ______-__________ of Mesopotamia different languages- ____________ and

________________ Uruk

city-state of ________________ used _____________ as source of water mudbrick wall surrounded Uruk for ___________ ___________-temple made of stacked

rectangular platforms, wanted to link them to ____________

RELIGION AND GOVERNMENT

_________________- worship of many gods divine ______________- power of the king was

given by the gods believed that the happiness of their gods

determined their outcomes on Earth- burned incense, provided food and _____________

had a class system headed by the _________

R: Sumerian A: gods F: prayer T: how is life on Earth, am I thanking you or asking you a

favor?

WRITING

cuneiform wedge-shaped ___________ ______________ made by pressing reeds into

a wet clay tablet writing system was developed to keep

track of business activities - ___________ of goods

medical texts, law codes, ____________ Epic of Gilgamesh

THE RISE AND FALL OF THE AKKADIAN EMPIRE

Sargon the _______ Akkadian ruler formed the worlds first ____________- which

stretched from “sunrise to sunset” appointed his daughter as high priestess set up the first ___________- rule passed

down through the ____________

SUMER’S FINAL DAYS

Ziggurat of Ur- one of the largest ziggurats ever built

contributions: cuneiform and the __________

BABYLONIA AND ASSYRIApages 48-53

THE RISE OF HAMMURABI

Hammurabi king of

___________________ clever leader sent officials throughout

his large empire to carry out his __________ and to collect __________

tax money used for construction projects and ______________

BABYLONIAN CIVILIZATION

capital of Babylon- center of ___________ and ____________

advancements in math, literature and ________ Code of Hammurabi

consisted of 282 strict _________ for his empire “an eye for an _______, tooth for a __________” one of the most complete law codes of ancient

times first ____________ code of law protected the __________ class however, punishments were based on _______

status

BABYLONIAN CIVILIZATION

R: Mr. R A: 6th grade class F: code of laws T: one good law for

our class

THE ASSYRIANS

group of people who lived in northern ______________

war-faring people (unlike the ____________)

innovation: wheeled battering _________

THE ASSYRIANS

Ashurbanipal King during the most _____________ time personally led his troops to battle educated man- read/write Sumerian and

Akkadian Library at Nineveh

collected _____________, Sumerian and Akkadian writings

literature, _________, mathematics and astronomy

BABYLONIA GROWS

Babylon, under ______________________II, grew to a powerful nation

Nebuchadnezzar II (Lil’ Neezy) _________ of Babylon who took over much

of the Assyrian empire finished _____________ built the _______________ Gardens built walls to protect the great ____________

BABYLONIA GROWS

advancements in math- place values and astronomy- eclipses

wealthy __________ city after Nebuchadnezzar died, conquered

by ____________, end of the Babylonian Empire

HEBREWS, PHOENICIANS, AND LYDIANS

pages 54-59

THE HEBREWS

Abraham- founder of ______________ Hebrews forced into __________ in Egypt __________ led the exodus of Egypt to freedom Ten Commandments

Hebrew ______ code guidelines for moral ______________ provided guidance for the ___________ of God unlike Code of ______________- strict laws with

harsh punishments as opposed to brief guidelines with no social distinctions

THE HEBREW BIBLE: TORAH

Torah: “to ________” first _____ books of the __________ it is against Jewish law to touch the

____________, so therefore there are scrolls and a pointer

contains ________ codes and historical events and stories

ISRAEL AND JUDAH

Deborah Hebrew ________- used in times of trouble predicted that women would win war

against the _____________ women had ______ power Deborah was right, woman (Jael) won the

war for the ____________

ISRAEL AND JUDAH

The Kingdom of Israel _________ tribes founded by King

___________ Solomon- David’s son built temple to

house ___________ death of _______________ broke up into two

parts- Israel (N) and Judah (S)

JUDAISM TODAY

still read the _________ gather in ________________ festival of ____________- honors escape

of Hebrews from Egypt

PHOENICIANS AND LYDIANS

Phoenicians positive relations with ____________ used the ___________________ Sea for trade trade promoted exchange of goods and ideas contribution: modern __________, fewer and

simpler ___________ which stood for consonants

Lydians contribution: first to make ______________,

made trading easier