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2009. MArch. Columbia University 05 critic: Bjarke Ingels studio title: vernacular 2.0 site: Las Vegas, Nevada program: hotel-casino resort, solar updraft tower, golf course, country club housing
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Desert Strip05
2009. MArch. Columbia University
critic: Bjarke Ingels
studio title: vernacular 2.0
site: Las Vegas, Nevada
program: hotel-casino resort, solar updraft
tower, golf course, country club housing
quick project description: In a search for vernacular systems, this project adapts the
most efficient technology at harnessing solar energy in the desert to the context of Las
Vegas. The idea is to make responsibility spectacular. While this building is so efficient
that it even manages to spare enough grey water to maintain a golf course turf, and
generate enough energy for 2000 households and 2000 hotel rooms, it costs the same
to build as any other newly built casino resort on the strip and makes an aesthetically
convincing argument to the common developer of this architype.
35.0
6.58.5
10.68.4
14.0
= mph
$
$$
$$ 12.915.9
12.317.8
19.7
$ = cents per kWh
7,0504,833
3,9562,340
3,455
= Wh/m2/year
Required Enegy to Heat 1 sq ft (Btu)
50 - 55
45 - 5040 - 4535 - 4030 - 35
1040 Wh/m2/year
195m
Collector
ChimneyReceiver
900m
m005
Las Vegas, Nevada, USAproposed
Solar Radiation: 7050 Wh/m2/year
Chimney height: 450m (1500’)
Chimney diameter: 30m (100’)
Collector diameter: 500m (1600’)
Turbines: 16 at 6.25 MW each
Total Max Output: 100 MW
Cost: $250 million 450m
2000 Wh/m2/year 7050 Wh/m2/year
Solar Radiation: 1040 Wh/m2/year
Chimney height: 195m
Chimney diameter: 10m
Collector diameter: 240m
Turbines: 1
Total Max Output: 50 kW
Manzanares, Spain1982-1989
240m
Mildura, Victoria, Australiaunbuilt
Solar Radiation: 2000 Wh/m2/year
Chimney height: 900m
Chimney diameter: 160m
Collector diameter: 5000m
Turbines: 32 at 6.25 MW each
Total Max Output: 200 MW
Cost: $500 million
m0005
Receiver
Receiver
Receiver
Receiver
Receiver
1040 Wh/m2/year
195m
Collector
ChimneyReceiver
900m
m005
Las Vegas, Nevada, USAproposed
Solar Radiation: 7050 Wh/m2/year
Chimney height: 450m (1500’)
Chimney diameter: 30m (100’)
Collector diameter: 500m (1600’)
Turbines: 16 at 6.25 MW each
Total Max Output: 100 MW
Cost: $250 million 450m
2000 Wh/m2/year 7050 Wh/m2/year
Solar Radiation: 1040 Wh/m2/year
Chimney height: 195m
Chimney diameter: 10m
Collector diameter: 240m
Turbines: 1
Total Max Output: 50 kW
Manzanares, Spain1982-1989
240m
Mildura, Victoria, Australiaunbuilt
Solar Radiation: 2000 Wh/m2/year
Chimney height: 900m
Chimney diameter: 160m
Collector diameter: 5000m
Turbines: 32 at 6.25 MW each
Total Max Output: 200 MW
Cost: $500 million
m0005
Receiver
Receiver
Receiver
Receiver
Receiver
1040 Wh/m2/year
195m
Collector
ChimneyReceiver
900m
m005
Las Vegas, Nevada, USAproposed
Solar Radiation: 7050 Wh/m2/year
Chimney height: 450m (1500’)
Chimney diameter: 30m (100’)
Collector diameter: 500m (1600’)
Turbines: 16 at 6.25 MW each
Total Max Output: 100 MW
Cost: $250 million 450m
2000 Wh/m2/year 7050 Wh/m2/year
Solar Radiation: 1040 Wh/m2/year
Chimney height: 195m
Chimney diameter: 10m
Collector diameter: 240m
Turbines: 1
Total Max Output: 50 kW
Manzanares, Spain1982-1989
240m
Mildura, Victoria, Australiaunbuilt
Solar Radiation: 2000 Wh/m2/year
Chimney height: 900m
Chimney diameter: 160m
Collector diameter: 5000m
Turbines: 32 at 6.25 MW each
Total Max Output: 200 MW
Cost: $500 million
m0005
Receiver
Receiver
Receiver
Receiver
Receiver1040 Wh/m2/year
195m
Collector
ChimneyReceiver
900m
m005
Las Vegas, Nevada, USAproposed
Solar Radiation: 7050 Wh/m2/year
Chimney height: 450m (1500’)
Chimney diameter: 30m (100’)
Collector diameter: 500m (1600’)
Turbines: 16 at 6.25 MW each
Total Max Output: 100 MW
Cost: $250 million 450m
2000 Wh/m2/year 7050 Wh/m2/year
Solar Radiation: 1040 Wh/m2/year
Chimney height: 195m
Chimney diameter: 10m
Collector diameter: 240m
Turbines: 1
Total Max Output: 50 kW
Manzanares, Spain1982-1989
240m
Mildura, Victoria, Australiaunbuilt
Solar Radiation: 2000 Wh/m2/year
Chimney height: 900m
Chimney diameter: 160m
Collector diameter: 5000m
Turbines: 32 at 6.25 MW each
Total Max Output: 200 MW
Cost: $500 million
m0005
Receiver
Receiver
Receiver
Receiver
Receiver
desert strip
solar technology comparison
updraft tower comparison
lessons from precedenceFor such primitive technology, the solar updraft tower does not have a long history. With the exception of the built prototype in Manzannares, Spain, and a couple of projects on paper in the Arizona and Australia, not a lot has been done with this great idea. And yet, it is proven to be more efficient than the typical reflector-receiver system, and much cheaper to maintain over time. Short of the large upfront cost, there is little to no material or orientation maintenance, and it does not depend on any other limited resource, such as water.
27
6AM
9AM
12PM
3PM
6PM
desert strip
final design: spectacular responsibilityThis tower takes the first design’s North facing cactus shape to a more floorplan-effie-cient format and the third design’s geocooling idea to a reinterpretation of golf course elements. Hazards, the ponds, are replaced with educational pavilions where the terminals that bring air into the geocooling system are located.
34 35
6AM
9AM
12PM
3PM
6PM
desert strip
coordinated structureAll elevators are concentrated on the North where the heat collector is cut off. Hot air is collected along the outer wall of all rooms and terminates at the top each rib where it funnels into the chimney using its suction force. A 360 observation deck sits in the middle of the chimney and splits it in two. At the base of the chimney, the turbines are small parallel propellers arranged radially. Along the length of the chimney, the turbines are large and vertical to exploit the strong drafts.
propeller turbines
vertical turbines
1
2
3
4
5
6
1112
13
15
17
spa
shows
condos
condos
condos
condos
shows
shows
retail
bars
bars
retailretail
entrance
pools
pools
w. harmon ave.
las vegas blvd.
las vegas fwy 15
coordinating systemsThe golf course takes players on a journey in and out of the main casino floor. Country club condos line the “petals” of the plan. Rest stops are found inside the “hazards,” which are no longer ponds but educational centers and entry points for fresh air into the geocooling system. Entrance to the casino floor is in the North, but elevators can only be accessed on the seconf floor, using a main stairway to the side. Three hot zones (marked in pink) allow access into the atmosphere of the collector, programmed with spas and pools. A short street connects The Strip with the existing bridge over the freeway, but a long one meanders throughout the golf course.
desert strip
selling the ideaEvery casino-resort on The Strip has a spectacle to draw people in. This complex will make its energy-efficient features the ones that also make it different and exciting for people to explore.
main entrance showcases the building with all hotel rooms facing it and with the geocooling ducts at the entry country club apartments
hot air access to chimney and tansition from solarphilic to solarphobic parts of building
smoke worms climb up the ceiling
spectacle exposes geocooling system
turbine sets visible from interior
slits allow smoke and hot air into chimney
pipes connected to smoke machines
