PAHs, Coal Tar Pavement Sealants and Stream Health Presentation

7/27/2019 PAHs, Coal Tar Pavement Sealants and Stream Health Presentation

1/29

Presented

to

City

Council

November

13,

2012


2/29

atare

s

Grou ofchemicalsthatoccurnaturall incrudeoil coal

and

tar,

and

are

produced

by

the

burning

of

fossil

fuels

andbiomass(wood,etc.)

Widelydistributedintheenvironment

Severa aretoxictoaquatic i e

Naphthalene Anthracene Benzo[a]pyrenePyrene Chrysene


3/29


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Seehandoutsforfullsummar ofthestateofthescience

t er

tu es

Environmentalim acts:

PAHsincreasingoverthepast40yearsinurbanlake

sedimentcores,

and

analysis

of

sources

indicates

coal

tar

sealantistheprimarycause.(VanMeteretal.,2010)

con am na ono

s ream

e

se men

as

eenshowntodegrademacroinvertebrate communities.(Beasley

andKneale,2004;Neffetal.,2005;Scogginsetal.,2007).


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t er

tu es

Humanhealth

impacts

ApartmentswithcoaltarsealedlotshadPAHconcentrationsin ouse ustt atwere25timeshigher,onaverage,thanapartmentswithparkinglots

, ,(Mahler,etal.,2010)

Ourlocalstudyfocusedontheimpactstoaquaticlife,nothumanhealth


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BaselineStudy

of

PAH

Sources

and

Sediments,

Springfield,

Missouri

RobertT.Pavlowsky,Ph.D.Professor De artment of Geo ra h Geolo and Plannin

Director,Ozarks

Environmental

and

Water

Resources

Institute

MissouriStateUniversity


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Questions

to

Address

ArePAHsfoundinurbanstreamandpond

se imentsatconcentrations ig enoug to

raiseenvironmental

concerns

in

Springfield?

Ifso towhatde reeiscoaltarsealcoatfrom

parkinglot

applications

the

source

of

PAH

contamination?


9/29

Sediment

Sam lin

50in

urban

and

suburban

areas

8inChristianandStoneCounties ruralcontrol

HighestconcentrationsofPAHs

Habitatfor

aquatic

life


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StreamBiomonitoring

Basedonwhatorganismsarepresent,youcangetanideaofwhatthestreamwaterqualityislike.

Howdo

macroinvertebrates indicate

stream

quality?

Theyareaffectedbytheconditionsofthestream,includingpollution.

Theyarefairlysedentary,andthereforecannotescapeollution

events.

Specificspeciesaremoreorlesstolerantofpollution.

Presenceorabsenceof certainspeciesindicatesgoodor

.


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ParkingLotSampling

Sealedlots

Mixedsealed/unsealedlots

AsphaltLots

unsealed


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Sealed

Lots

=

Coal

tar

LotsReasonsforthisassumption:

SurveybytheCityindicated thatalmostallapplicatorsforlargeparkinglotsusecoaltarbasedsealants: Assumption:80to>95%ofsealedlotsarecoaltarcoated.

PAHconcentrationsinsedimentsfrombelowandedgesofsealedlotsarehigh.

Theresultsofthisstudyareintherangeofcoaltarlotsedimentresultspublishedinotherstudies.


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PAHsinCoaltarSealantsvs.AsphaltSealants

Coaltarbasedsealcoat roductscontainabout1 000

times

more

PAHs

than

sealcoat

products

with

an

asphaltbase.(USGSFactSheet20113010reportingresultsfroma2005stud in Austin TX

Stormrunoff from

coal

tar

sealed

parking

lots

released

100timesmorePAH16 thanasphaltsealedlots.(USEPA,2011)

Suspendedparticulatesinrunoff fromcoaltarsealedparkinglotsinAustin,Texascontainedonaverage6t mes more 16 t anasp a tsea e ots.(Mahleretal.,2005&USGSFactSheet20053147)


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BasinSediment ParkingLotSediment

Stream Bed De osits Stream Bar De osits


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ControlsforOtherSourcesofPAHs

Sealertype:CompareWesternUSsedimentswithwides readas haltsealantusewithEasternUS

sediments

with

heavy

coal

tar

sealant

use.

LowerPAHsinwesternstreamsandlakes.(VanMeteret., , ,

Land

Use:

Compare rural

stream

sediments

to

.

VerylowPAHSfoundinChristian/StoneCountiesstreamsandpondscomparedtoSpringfield/GreeneCounty

Trafficand

Roof

Runoff:

Compare

sealed

lot

sedimentstounsealedlots. Sea e ots avemuc ig erPAHs


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PAHtrendsindicatea

JonesSpringsource.

1) Low,belowdetection

levelsinsuburban

areasaboveJones

SpringBranch.

2) Highestlevelsnear

o .

3) Downstream

decreasein

PAH

concentrationdueto

dilution,mixing,and

sedimentation.

4) JonesSpring

is

akarst

systemwhichcollects

runofffromurban

areas.


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PAH Concentrations

in

SedimentsSealedLotSedimentPAHs:148timesconcretelots&>5,500timesruralsamples

SamplingLocation No.of PAH16

Sam les eomeanu k ConcreteLot Rural

RelativeConcentration , ,

Sealedlots 4 1,538,736 148 5,657

Mixedlots 4 782 840 76 2 878

Asphaltlots 6 37,182 4 137

Concretelots 4 10,368 1 38

Verysmallstreams 5 111,849 411

Smallstreams 2 107,021 393

Smallponds 8 3,965 15

Mediumstreams 8 8,189 30

Largestreams 6 3,089 11

Ruralstreams

&

ponds 8 272 1


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PAHToxicitytoSedimentdwellingOrganisms

SedimentQualityGuidelinesbyMacDonaldetal.(2000)

24

Stream

and

Ponds

Sediment

Samples

Nontoxic ToxicBorderline

3samples 11samples

12% 46%42%

10samples


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GallowayCreek18.2

km2

382lots

2.

7%ofdrainagearea

Sealedlotarea

0.9km2


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Sealed parkinglotareaisrelatedtohigherPAHLevels


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ScenarioTesting: PAHlevelswithoutsealant

10000000

1000000

kg

BeforeAfter

ar ng ots

reducedby

>96%

With

Sealant

Without

100000

16ug/

Toxic

1000

PA NontoxicStreamand

pond

100

1 10 100

8090%

TotalLotAreaPercent


23/29

EffectofcoaltarsealantinGallowaywatershed

Nontoxic Borderline Toxic

WithSealant

Streams&Ponds 7samples 3samplesWithoutSealant

Streams&Ponds 7samples 3samples

Note:UseofasphaltbasedsealantsisexpectedtoproducesimilarresultstotheWithout

Sealantscenario,

but

increase

in

PAH

concentrations

by

Documents

PAHs, Coal Tar Pavement Sealants and Stream Health Presentation