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Paint Technical Training
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PAINT TECHNICAL TRAINING
CORROSION CELL
ANODE (CORRODING AREA)
CURRENT-CARRYING ELECTROLYTE(SEAWATER, SOIL, ETC.)
CATHODE (NONCORRODING AREA)
IONIC PATH
CATHODE
REACTION
ELECTRON
PATH
ANODE
REACTION
Corrosion cell will stop if any reaction or path is stopped
schematic of a corrosion cell
NEW PIPE OLD PIPE
ANODE CATHODE
-OTHER CELLS
TANK DRAINAGE
POOR POOR GOOD
PAINT BEHAVIOUR OVER SURFACE IRREGULARITIES
IRREGULARITY PROBLEM CORRECTION
PROJECTIONS
SHARP CORNERS & EDGES
INSIDE CORNERS
PITS CREVICES
CRACKED ORSPONGY COATING
INSUFFICIENT THICKNESS
CRACKEDOR SPONGY
ENTRAPPED AIR
GRIND TO 1/4 IN.MINIMUM RADIUS
FILLET WELD & GRINDTO 1/2 IN. MINIMUM
RADIUS
GRIND FLUSH
FILL WITH WELD METAL& GRIND FLUSH
INSUFFICIENT THICKNESS
GALVANIC SYSTEM OF CATHODIC PROTECTION
GALVANIC ANODES
METAL RECEIVING PROTECTION
CURRENT-CARRYING ELECTROLYTE
IMPRESSED CURRENT SYSTEM OF CATHODIC PROTECTION
REMOTE ANODE GROUND BED
CURRENT-CARRYING ELECTROLYTE
METAL RECEIVING PROTECTION
(-) (+)RECTIFIER
PAINT IS A BARRIER FROM
Sun
Oxygen
Salt
Water
PINPOINT RUSTING
RUSTING WILL OCCUR HERE
STEELSTEEL
COATING
INHIBITION BY ZINC PRIMER INHIBITIVE COATING CONCEPT
Break in coating to steel surface
Moisture allows zinc to ionize
Cathodically protecting steel
Tight adhesion preventscoating undercut
Moisture absorbtion into film(moisture previous coating)
Ionization of inhibitor
Reaction with steel surface
Passive layer
ZN ++
STEELSTEEL
2nd coat
1st coat
Inhibitive primerInorganic zincpermanent primer
1st organictopcoat
2nd organictopcoat
THREE COMPONENTS OF PAINT
SOLVENTRESIN
PIGMENT
FILM
SOLIDS
SOLVENT
RESIN
PIGMENT
VEHICLE
FUNCTION OF PIGMENT
Provide opacity
Provide colour
Improve weather resistance
Increase paint adhesion
Decrease moisture permeability
Control gloss
WET PAINT
VEHICLE PIGMENT
SOLVENT RESINPRIMARY
PIGMENT
SECONDARY
PIGMENT
RELATIONSHIP OF PAINT RESIN/PIGMENT
RATIO TO GLOSS
* Amount of solvent may vary greatly
HIGH-GLOSS SEMI-GLOSS FLAT
WET
PAINT
CURED
PAINT
CROSS-
SECTION
OF CURED
PAINTHIGHRESIN/PIGMENT
MODERATERESIN/PIGMENT
LOWRESIN/PIGMENT
SOLVENT* SOLVENT* SOLVENT*
PIGMENT PIGMENT PIGMENT
PIGMENTPIGMENT
PIGMENT
RESINRESINRESIN
RESINRESIN RESIN
A PAINT FILM MUST BE:
Easy to apply
Continuous and uniform
Tightly adhering
Impermeable
Weather resistant
SU
BS
TR
AT
E
THREE METHODS OF PAINT CURING
Air oxidation
Solvent or water evaporation
Chemical reaction of components
AIR OXIDATION OF PAINTS
LIQUIDDRYING OIL
OXYGENSOLID FILM OF
DRYING OIL
PROPERTIES OF AIR DRYING COATINGS
Generic (chemical) type Properties
Oleoresinous
Alkyd
Silicone alkyd
Phenolic
Good wetting; generally soft and slow dryingcannot be used in immersed zone
Good wetting; may be hard or soft; cannot beused in immersed zone
Improved durability and gloss; cannot be usedin immersed zone
Can be used in immersion service
CURING OF LACQUERS AND WATER EMULSIONS
SOLID RESININ SOLVENTOR WATER
SOLID RESINUNCHANGEDCHEMICALLY
SOLVENT FUMESOR WATER VAPOR
EV
AP
OR
ATI
ON
PROPERTIES OF COATINGS THAT CURE BY SOLVENTOR WATER EVAPORATION
Generic (chemical) type Properties
SOLVENT BASED COATINGS
Vinyl (polyvinyl chloride)
Chlorinated rubber
Coal tar and asphaltic
Polyvinyl butyral
WATER BASED COATINGSAcrylic
Polyvinyl acetate
Good water, limited solvent resistance;easily touched-up or topcoated
Good water, limited solvent resistance;durable easily touched-up or topcoated
Soft; black; of limited use, frequently onmechanically cleaned surfaces
Used exclusively in pretreatment (wash)primers for drying oil and vinyl coatings
Used in atmospheric area only; poor wetting
Same as acrylic
CURING OF PAINTS BY CHEMICAL REACTION
LIQUID
RESIN A
LIQUID
RESIN B
LIQUID
RESIN A-B
PROPERTIES OF CHEMICAL REACTING COATINGS
General (chemical) type
Epoxy
Coal tar epoxy
Urethane
Polyester
Inorganic zinc
Properties
Good water and chemical resistance; chalkfreely; difficult to topcoat
Excellent water resistance; black only;difficult to topcoat
Good water and solvent resistance, aliphaticurethanes weather well in sunlight; difficultto topcoat
Frequently used with glass fibres to givetough, water resistant coating or glassflakes to impart abrasion resistance
Good abrasion resistance; used inpre-construction primers; topcoated for usein immersed zone
COATING PROPERTIES RELATED TO CHEMISTRY
Mechanism and time of curing
Performance in different environments
Performance on different substrates
Compatibility with other coatings
Ease of top coating and repair
Flexibility and toughness
Application properties(wetting, build, pot life etc.)
THE TOTAL QUALITY OF A COATING SYSTEM
IS ONLY FOR 50% DEPENDING ON THE PAINT
ITSELF.
75% OF PAINT FAILURES ARE CAUSED BY
IMPROPER SURFACE PREPARATION.
SURFACE PREPARATION REQUIREMENTS
Proper degree of cleanliness
Proper profile height (texture)
Proper construction
REPAIRS/MODIFICATIONS REQUIRED BEFORESURFACE CLEANING
Steel
Wood
Concrete/Masonry
Plastic
welding, cutting, grinding of weldsand edges, filling crevices
replacement, cutting, nailing
patching, filling cracks and pores
cutting, bonding
RULE OF THUMB
The profile height of steel should be between
1/2 and 2 1/2 mills and never more than
one-half the primer dry film thickness
Rz PROFILE VALUE
Z 1 Z 2 Z 3 Z 4 Z 5
COMMON METHODS OF CLEANING SURFACES
Hand and power tools
Flame
Solvent
Steam
Abrasive blast
FOR PAINTING
Water blast
FLAME CLEANING
300º F, loosens mill scale, old paint
Follow with wire brushing or scraping
Warms and dries surface
Slow: 15 - 35 linear feet per minute
Wear goggles, gloves, helmet
Remove all sources of flammable gases
SOLVENT WASHING
Removes oil, grease, dust
Use clean rags
Turn and replace often
Replace solvent for final rinse
Wear goggles and gloves
BLASTING HAS LIMITATIONS
Removal oil/grease
Removal thermoplastic materials
Dust problems
Chemical waste
CLEANING METHOD CONTAMINANT
Solvent cleaningSteam
Waterblasting
Hand or power tools
Flame cleaning followedby wirebrushing
Abrasive blasting
Grease / Salt / DirtOil / Weldmarks
Marine growth / Loose paint
Loose mill scale / Weld flux /Loose rust / Weld splatter /Loose paint
RustLoose mill scale /some tight millscale
All visible rust / Tight paintTight mill scale / Foreign matter
RECOMMENDED CLEANING METHODS FOR
Wood
Plastic
Concrete/Masonry
Steel
VARIOUS SUBSTRATES *
Aluminium/Tin/Copper/Brass/Galvanized steel
sanding after scraping loose paint
sanding after scraping loose paint
careful waterblasting
abrasive blasting generally preferred overmechanical cleaning
mechanical cleaning or brush off blast;pretreatment (wash) prime
* Solvent wash to remove oil or grease
CRITERIA FOR COATING SELECTION
Desired coating properties
Nature and condition of substrate
Basic function of coating
Limitations of time, space, equipment, etc
Significant environmental factors
STEEL PAINTING COSTS
10 - 15%40 - 55% 35 - 45%
PAINTMATERIAL
PAINTAPPLICATION
SURFACEPREPARATION
COATINGS COMMONLY USED ON WOOD
Substrate Paint Comments
Interior wood
Exterior wood
Oil
Alkyd
Latex
(vinyl or acrylic)
Oil
Alkyd
Silicone Alkyd
Latex
(vinyl or acrylic)
Slow drying and relatively soft
May be hard or soft
Can be applied over oil, alkyd orlatex primer
Good wetting; slow drying; soft
Good wetting; other properties may
vary
Good wetting and gloss
Poor wetting; easily applied andcleaned up
COATINGS COMMONLY USED ON MASONRY AND CONCRETE SURFACES
Interior masonry,plaster, andwall board
Exterior concrete,and masonry
Acrylic latex
Vinyl latexChlorinated rubber
Acrylic latex
Vinyl latexChlorinated rubber,Vinyl, Epoxy
Easily applied; must removeall loose chalkSame as acrylic latexGood for waterproofing
Fill coats will reduce waterpenetration
Same as acrylic latexGood for waterproofing, forconcrete in corrosiveconditions
COATINGS COMMONLY USED ON IRON AND STEEL SURFACESSubstrate Paint CommentsInterior ironand steel
Exterior ironand steel
AlkydVinyl
Epoxy
Urethane
AlkydSilicone Alkyd
Inorganic zinc
VinylEpoxyUrethane
Not for immersed surfacesGood water, poor solvent resistance
Good durability and chemicalresistanceGood durability and chemicalresistance
For mild and marine environmentsSame as Alkyd, better glossretention
Topcoated with epoxy forseawater immersion, tankcoatings
Good durability, easily touched up
Good durability, chalks in sunlightAliphatic type has good weathering
ALKYD
Disadvantages
Poor chemical and solvent
resistance
Poor water resistance
Poor resistance toalkalinity
Advantages
One-package coating
Good exterior durability
Moderate cost
Good flexibility
Excellent adhesion to most
surfaces, including poorly
prepared surfaces
Easy to apply
Good gloss retention
LATEX (Acrylic or Vinyl)
Advantages Disadvantages
Moderate cost
Good flexibility
Limited durability outside
Poor chemical and solvent
Poor immersion resistance
Easy to apply, topcoat, repair
Environmental acceptabilityCuring temperatures must beabove 50º F
resistance
BITUMINOUS
Advantages Disadvantages
Low cost
Good moisture barrier
Good film build
Poor weathering properties
Black color only
Poor solvent resistanceGood corrosion protection
VINYL (Acrylic)
Advantages Disadvantages
Rapid drying and recoating
Excellent durability
Excellent durability
Very good gloss retention
Applicable at low temperatures
Poor solvent resistance
Low film build per coat
CHLORINATED RUBBER
Disadvantages
Poor solvent resistance
Poor heat resistance
Poor gloss retention(158º F)
Advantages
Rapid drying and recoating
Fair chemical resistance
Good water resistance
Good durability
Applicable at low temperatures
Easy to repair
EPOXY
Advantages
Excellent chemical andsolvent resistanceGood water resistance
Very good exterior durabilityHard, slick filmExcellent adhesion
Excellent abrasion resistanceGood caustic resistance
Disadvantages
Two-package coating - limited
Curing temperatures must be
Poor gloss retentionFilm chalks on ageing
Roughening up required for repair
above 50º F
potlife
COAL TAR EPOXY
Advantages Disadvantages
ChalkingTopcoating may present problems(tar bleeding)
Excellent resistance tofresh and salt waterGood film buildExcellent resistance toaliphatic petroleum products
POLYURETHANE
Disadvantages
Gloss drop with high humidity
Two component - limited pot lifeHigh costPersonal protection required
during drying
Advantages
Excellent gloss retention
Can be applied at lowtemperatures
Excellent durability in
Recoatable
exterior exposure
ORGANIC ZINC
Advantages
Excellent corrosion protection
Provides "galvanic" protection
Easier to topcoat than inorganiczinc (less porous)One or two-package depending upon organic resin
Disadvantages
High costSpray application only
Constant stirring necessaryduring applicationNot suitable for acidic orcaustic service
Zinc salts to be removed
INORGANIC ZINC
Advantages
Excellent corrosion protection
Provides "galvanic" protectionproperties
Excellent solvent resistance
Provides "permanent" primercapability when used in conjunctionwith proper topcoats and/ormaintenace practices
Excellent exterior durabilityExcellent heat resistance
Disadvantages
High costSpray application only; skilledapplicators required
Drying influenced byhumidity - depending on type
Not suitable for acidic orcaustic service
Requires careful selection oftiecoats and topcoats
Constant stirring necessary
FACTORS AFFECTING SELECTION OFMETHOD OF COATING APPLICATION
Characteristic Brush Roller Spray
SpeedEase of applicationSimplicity of equipmentSafetyMaterial conservationPortabilityVersatilityInitial economicsLong range economicsHiding powerUniformity
fairfairexcellentexcellentexcellentexcellentgoodexcellentfairgoodpoor
goodgoodexcellentexcellentgoodgoodfairexcellentfairfairfair
excellentpoorpoorpoorpoor/good*poorexcellentpoorexcellentpoor/good*good
* varies with equipment and operator
METHOD
Brush
Roller
Air Spray
Airless Spray
(square feet applied per 8 hour day)
2
4
8
-
-
-
1.000
4.000
8.000
12.000
sq. ft.
sq. ft.
sq. ft.
sq. ft.
THREE FACTORS AFFECT PAINT VISCOSITY
Solvent / solids ratio
Paint temperature
Paint mixing
TEMPERATURE ( º F)
VIS
CO
SIT
Y (
SE
CO
ND
S)
80
50
30
20
0
50º 70º 95º 125º
TEMPERATURE VS. VISCOSITY
MIXING AND THINNING PROCEDURE
One-package paintsTwo-package paints
: type and amount of thinner to be used, if anyratio of catalyst to base paint,induction time, and pot life
:
Overlap strokes by 50% for uniform film build
PROPER OVERLAPPING TECHNIQUE
Divide a long surface area into sections 18" - 36" wide
PROPER STROKING TECHNIQUE.......SECTIONING A LARGE SURFACE
18" - 36" 18" - 36" 18" - 36"
4" overlap 4" overlap
PAINT INSPECTION DUTIES
Inspection of materials
Inspection of surface preparation
Inspection of paint application
Final inspection for acceptance
PROPER STORAGE OF PAINT
NO YES
Flames
Sparks
Temperature control
Stock rotation
On palletsDirect sun
Ventilation
STEELOil or grease contamination
Poor adhesion creates areas where
moisture vapour can condense or thevapour pressure in the void may be
greater than exterior water pressure
causing blisters and eventual coating
disruption
BUBBLE OF TROUBLEPAINT BLISTER FORMED BY SOLVENT ENTRAPPED BETWEEN COATS
PRIMER COAT
VAPOR FROM SOLVENT TRYING TO ESCAPE
TOP COATSECOND COAT
STEEL WALL
SURFACE PREPARATION SPECIFICATIONS
SSPC-Guide to Vis 1
SSPC-Guide to Vis 2
Pictorial surface preparationStandards for painting steel surfaces
Standard method of evaluating degree ofrusting on painted steel surfaces
SSPC-SP
SSPC-SP
SSPC-SP
SSPC-SP
SSPC-SP
SSPC-SP
SSPC-SP
SSPC-SP
1
2
3
5
6
7
8
10
Solvent cleaning
Hand tool cleaning
Power tool cleaning
White metal blast cleaning
Commercial blast cleaning
Brush-off blast cleaning
Pickling
Near-white blast cleaning
APPEARANCE OF THE COMPLETED SURFACE
The surface shall be roughened to a degreesuitable for the specified paint system
The completed surface shall be cleaned to agrey-white metallic colour. The appearance of
the surface may be affected by the particularblasting abrasive usedUniformity of colour may be affected by the grade,original surface condition, and configuration of thematerial being cleaned, as well as by discolourationsfrom mill or fabrication marks, and the shadowing fromblast cleaning patterns
SSPC-Vis 1 or other visual standards of surfacepreparation agreed upon by the contracting partiesmay be used to further define the surface
SURFACE PREPARATION SPECIFICATIONS FORABRASIVE BLAST CLEANED STEEL
Surface NACESpec.
SSPC-SISSSPC-spec.
VisualstandardSSPC-Vis 1
Description
White metal
Near white
Commercial
Brush-off
1
2
3
4
SSPC-SP 5
SSPC-SP 10
SSPC-SP 6
SSPC-SP 7
CSa3
CSa2½
CSa2
CSa1
Grey-white colour100% free of oil,grease, dirt, rust,mill scale and paint
Only very lightshadows, streaks ordiscolouration.(At least 95% free)
At least two-thirdsfree of visibleresidues
Only tight mill scaleand tightly adheringrust after blasting
FOUR RUST GRADES OF UNPAINTED STEEL
Adherent mill scale
Rusting mill scale
Rusted
Pitted and rusted
0 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.100.10 0.30 0.50 0.70 0.90
TOTAL COST IN DOLLARS PER SQUARE FOOT
WHITEBLAST
HANDTOOL
POWERTOOL
COMMERCIALBLAST
NEAR WHITEBLAST
OTHER STEEL STRUCTURES PAINTING COUNCIL
SURFACE PREPARATION SPECIFICATIONS
Solvent cleaning SSPC-SP1
SSPC Spec.no. Intended use
Removal of oil, grease, and othersoluble materials prior to removalof mill scale, rust, and coating byother methods
Pickling SSPC-SP8 Preparing metal surfaces for coating byremoval of mill scale and rust bychemical reaction, electrolysis or both
Flame cleaningof new steel
SSPC-SP4 Preparing unpainted steel withoxy-acetylene flame followed by wirebrush removal of loosened mill scale andrust
Hand toolcleaning
SSPC-SP2 Removal of loose mill scale, rust andcoating by hand sanding, scraping,chipping or other impact tools
specification
STEEL SURFACE PREPARATION REQUIREMENTSFOR COMMONLY USED COATINGS
Coating type
Drying oilAlkydOleoresinous PhenolicCoal tarAsphaltic
VinylChlorinated rubberEpoxyCoal tar epoxy
UrethaneOrganic zinc
Inorganic zinc
Minimum surface preparation
Hand or power tool cleaning (SSPC-SP2 or 3)Commercial blast (SSPC-SP6)Commercial blast (SSPC-SP6)Commercial blast (SSPC-SP6)
Near white or commercial blast (SSPC-SP10 or 6)
Near white or commercial blast (SSPC-SP10 or 6)Near white or commercial blast (SSPC-SP10 or 6)Near white or commercial blast (SSPC-SP10 or 6)
Near white or commercial blast (SSPC-SP10 or 6)Near white or commercial blast (SSPC-SP10 or 6)Near white or commercial blast (SSPC-SP10 or 6)White or near white (SSPC-SP5 or 10)
COMPRESSOR HP
RATING
COMPRESSOR CAPACITY CFM
(electric drive)
15
2025
304050
60
75
100
50
7090
up toup to
up to
up to
up to
up to
-
--
70
90105
130170210
260
320
420
NOZZLE PRESSURE CLEANING RATE
100
90
80
70
60
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
100
82
78
60
50
%
%
%
%
%
(Standard for comparison)
approx.
approx.
PRESSURE LOSS IN AIRHOSE DUE TO FRICTION
* Pressure drops for other lenghts in direct proportion to change in length
HOSE SIZE,COUPLEDEND
LINEPRESSUREPSI
CFM FREE AIR PASSING THROUGH 50 FT. LENGTHS
LOSS OF PRESSURE PSI*
3/4"
1 inch
1-1/4"
6080
100110
6080
100110
6080
100110
8.86.65.9
3.32.01.51.3
1.00.60.40.4
120
8.65.84.43.9
2.01.41.00.9
0.60.40.30.3
100
5.23.62.72.4
1.20.80.60.6
0.30.20.20.2
80
2.81.91.41.3
0.60.50.40.3
0.20.1--
60
1.20.80.60.5
----
----
40
11.19.9
7.23.52.42.1
1.00.70.6
150
RULE OF THUMB
Bigger and shorter are the key to blast hose
efficiency.
If a choice must be made between having a short
air hose or a short blast hose, choose
the short blast hose.
RIGHT…… EXTERNALLY-FITTED QUICK COUPLING
WRONG…… INTERNALLY-FITTED COUPLING
RULE OF THUMB
A loss of pressure at the nozzle of only 10 PSI
means a 15% loss in production
RULE OF THUMB
Choose the smallest grain size which can remove
the contaminant on that particular surface.
Bigger is not better here.
RULE OF THUMB
It only takes one spray painter to keep up
with four blasters
AIR SPRAY FEATURES
Finest atomization & finish
Versatile
Easy to use
POWER SOURCE
Electric
Gas
Air
AIRLESS SPRAY FEATURES
Reduced overspray & bounce-back
Increased production
Material savings
Labor savings
Energy savings
Improved coverage
TYPICAL AIRLESS TIP SELECTION
Paint type Orifice size Pressure
Acrylic, modified
Chlorinated rubber
Epoxy polyamide
Vinyl, copolymer
Epoxy, amine
Phenolic, modified
Antifouling
Inorganic zinc
Organic zinc
Coal tar epoxy
.013
.013
.015
.015
.017
.019
.021
.023
.026
.031
"
-
-
-
-
-
tip
.017
.021
.025
.029
.031
2200
2200
2000
2000
2200
2200
2000
2400
900
900
psi
-
-18001800
EXTERNAL IONIZATION
CHARGED PROBE
ELECTROSTATIC SPRAY FEATURES
Increased transfer efficiency
Fewer passes
Wrap around edges & irregular surfaces
Lower material usage
Fewer rejects
Reduced labor(greater productivity)
SAFETY HAZARDS IN PAINTING OPERATIONS
High places
High pressures
Flammable materials
Toxic materials
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS IN SURFACE PREPARATION
Acids
Alkalis
Steam
Particulate matter in blasting dusts
Lead and other toxicants from old paint inblasting dust
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS IN PAINT APPLICATIONS
Flammable solvents
Toxic pigments (lead, chromium, etc.)
Toxic or allergic resins (urethane, epoxy, etc.)
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE CONCENTRATIONS OF SOLVENT VAPORS (MAC)
* For 8 hours exposure; PPM by volume in air
Type ofsolvent
Threshold limitvalue (TLV)*
Type ofsolvent
Threshold limitvalue (TLV)*
AcetoneAlcohols
ButylEthylIsopropylMethyl (Wood)
Benzene (Benzol)Carbon TetrachlorideCellosolve
Butyl CellosolveCellosolve acetateMethyl cellosolveMethyl cellosolve acetate
CyclohexaneCyclohexanone
CyclohexeneEnamel thinnerEthylene dichloride
Methylene ketone (MEK)Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK)Mineral spiritsNaphta, coal tarNaphta, V.M & p.PerchloroethyleneToluene (Toluol)TrichloroethyleneTurpentineXylene (Xylol)
1000
1001000
4007002510
20050
1002525
30050
400200
50500700100500200500100200100100200
Methylene chloride
RESPIRATORS
During:
Sandblasting
Abrasive blast cleaning
Flame cleaning
Solvent cleaning
Protection from:
Dust
Rust, dirt, scale particles
Toxic fumes from paintsor solvents
FLASHPOINT AND EXPLOSIVE LIMITS OF PAINT SOLVENTSAverageflash pointdegrees F
Explosive limits% by volume in air
Lower UpperType of solvent
AcetoneAlcohol, butylAlcohol, ethylAlcohol, isopropylBenzene (benzol)Carbon TetrachlorideCellosolveCellosolve, acetateCellosolve, methylCyclohexaneCyclohexanoneCyclohexeneEthylene dichlorideMethylethyl ketone (MEK)Methyl isobutyl ketone (MEK)Mineral spiritsNaphtha, V.M. & P.Toluene (toluol)TrichloroethyleneTurpentineXylene (xylol)
115606712
none135130120
32129
22703575
105-11040-60
45none
95-10080
2.81.53.32.51.5
(non-flammable)2.61.7- -1.31.1- -6.21.81.20.70.81.4
(non-flammable)0.81.0
12.811.219.012.0
8.0
16.0
- -- -8.0
- -- -
15.911.0
9.06.06.06.7
none5.3
4-
GROUNDING
Spray gun
Object being painted
TARGET FOR SAFETY PROGRAM
Complete safety training
Use of safety equipment
Available emergency services
Constant worker vigilance
THE SUBSEQUENT CHEMICAL REACTION CAN TAKE PLACE IN
THE FOLLOWING WAYS:
B
B
B
B
B
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
with the aid of oxygen from the atmosphere
with the aid of heat
with the aid of a hardener
with the aid of a catalyst
with the aid of moisture from the atmosphere
Wet coatof paint
Beginningdrying(+ solventvapour)
Dry coatof paint(with newlyformed macro-molecule)
Chemicallydryingbinder agent+ solvent
PHYSICALLY DRYING PAINT(schematic illustration)
WET COAT OF PAINT DRY COAT OF PAINT(+ SOLVENT VAPOUR)
SOLVENT PAINT+ =BINDING AGENT
SOLVENTS / THINNERS
Generic type
Aliphatic
Aromatic
Alcohols
Ketones
Esters
Ethers
PetrolWhite spirit
XyleneTolueneNaphta's
Methyl-Ethyl-Propyl-Butyl-
Acetone, MEK, MIBKMethyl-, Ethyl-Propyl-, Butyl-
Glycolethers
)))
)) Bitumen
Bit and tar
TYPE OF PAINTS
Epoxies
Polyurethanes
Chlorrubbers
Vinyls
Alkyds
ACID ALCOHOL ALCID ALKYD+
BINDER FUNCTIONS
AdhesionGloss
ViscosityProtection
weatherwaterchemicals
Mechanical properties:strengthflexibilityhardness
Filmforming
Thermoplastics
Elastomers
Thermosetting plastics
Small molecules, little bindingPoor film forming capacity
Linear macromolecules. Good bindinggood elasticity. Hard at roomtemperature, plastic on heating
Large moleculeshigh viscosity
Small moleculeslow viscosity
Linear macromolecules with a singlecross-linkage. Good binding, gooddeformability. Rubbery at roomtemperature, on heating sometimesplastic, mostly unchanged
Net-shaped macromolecules with manycross-linkages. Good binding, great
room temperature, unchanged on heatingrobustness, not deformable. Hard at
