~o. 1808

PAINTSFOR

PROJECTILESREGULATIONS

PRESCRI8EDBY THE ORDNANCEDEPARTMENT.U. S. ARMY

(ONE PLATE)

0

R~V~SEDHI~VJSEIJREVISEDREVISED

0

DECEMBER 14, 1~903NOVEMBER 18, 1904MARCH 20, 1914MARCH 30, 1917

wA1$G~ro1~GOV1~I~NM13NTNUNTING OPFICI~

~X7

No. 18438

PAINTSFOR

PROJECTILESREGULATIONS

PRESCRIBEDBY THE ORDNANCEDEPARTMENT,U. S.ARMY

(ONEPLATE)

REVISED DECEMBER 14, 1903REVISED NOVEMBER 18, 1904REVISEDMARCH 20, 1914REVISED MARCH 30, 1917a

WASHINGTONGOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

1917

WAR DR~ART1~IENT,OFFIcE OF TIlE GRIEF or ORDNANCE,

Washington,March 80, 1917.This Manualis publishedfor theinformation andgovernmentof theRegularArmy

and NationalGuardof the~Jnited States.By orderof the Secretaryof War:

WILLIAM CROZIER,

BrigadierGeneral, Chiefof Ordnance.80393—17 (3)

INDEX.

Article. Para-graph.

234.5

6

Page.

ObjectCleansingsurfacesbeforepaintingSurfacesnotpaintedPaintsfor interiorcavitiesPaintsfor exteriorof mobileartillery projectiles

ProjectilesOld-typoprojectilesPaintingold-typeprojectilesPaintingcommonsteelshellI’ainting high-explosiveshrapnelPaintingcommonshrapnell’aintingtarget-practiceprojectilesl’ainting L7-pousidersmokeshellPaintingantiaircraftprojectilesPaintingilluminating projectilesPaintingspecialprojectiles

Paintsforexteriorof seacoast-artilleryprojectilesProjectilesPaintingarmor-piercingforged-steelshellPaintingdeck-piercingforged-steelshellPaintingarmor-piercingforged-steelshotPaintingcommonsteelshellPaintingarmor-piercingcast-steelshotandshellPaintingA. P.orD. P.projectileswithout fusesPaintingtorpedoforged-steelshellPaintingtorpedocast-steelshellPaintingcast-ironshellPaintingshrapnelPaintingeast-IronandsteelshotsandloadedPaintingsteelshotandshell for targetpractice

Application andcompositionofpaintsApplicationto interior cavitiesApplication to exteriorsurfacesCompositionof Paints

2—5(—9

10—1314-29

1017—1819—202t—2223—25

20272829

30—4430313233

34—303738-394041424344

45—4945—4047—48

49

S55

0-7

7777

888888999999

10—121010

10—12

(4)

(~cLa.1~8y-~\;~~~_.__----~ ~‘./

PAINTS FOR PROJECTILES.

ARTICLE 1.—OBJECT.

1. Projectilesarepainted to protectthe metal from corrosion andto form a meansof identifying the different stylesof projectiles.

ARTICLE 2.—CLEANSING SURFACES BEFORE PAINTING.

2. Before applying the paint all metallic surfacesmust be thor—oughlycleansedby someappropriateaiid efflcieiit method andmustbe free from oil, grease,soap,rust, etc. 11l the caseof rust, treat-ment with emeryor otherabrasiveis usuallynecessary.

3. When the metal is bright and clean,as in the easeof newlyfinishedl)rojectilcs, thesurfacescanusuallybe cleaned sat isfactorily

by tile useof beiizineor somesunilar oil andgreasesolvent.4. Boiling in lye or sodawater is a usefulmethod of cleaning in

some cases,but when such alkalies are used the surfacesmust bethoroughlyrinsed iii freshwater and dried beforepaimitilig.

5. Keroseneoil is the ~iost suitable cleaniiig ii~aterialfor removing

pailit, rust, etc., from l)rOjectiles at 1mosts.

ARTICLE 3.—SURFACES NOT PAINTED.

6. ‘rile interior of salld—lOade(lprojectilesneednot he painted.7. The rotating band,fuze cover, and basecover of all projectiles

will not be painted.8. The rearof rotatingbandandbaseof projectilesfor fixed ammu-

nition will be left bright and coated with shishing oil to preventrusting.

9. Neverpaint or lute threadsof baseplugsaI1d fuze—liole plugsor fuzes with aiiythnig but cosmoline or vaseline. The use of anypaint makesit almostimpossibleto get the plugsor fuzesout again.

ARTICLE 4.—PAINTS FOR INTERIOR CAVITIES.

10. Most l)loJeCtileshave an interior cavity contamingexplosive,smokecompound,balls and niatrix, or sand.

11. Whenthis interior cavity containsoxpTosive,smokecompound,or balls1111(1matrix, give tile cavity acoatingof nonacidimaint, lacquer,or suchnoncorrosiveandchemicallyinert coatingasmaybe specifiedandapl)rovedby the Chief of Ordnance.

(i5)

6

12. Someof thesecoatingsare as follows:Wiswall antiacidpaint.Ceballine.Black asphaltumvarnish.Bakelite lacquer.Rosin,etc.

13. Under no circumstanceswill ordinary lead or zinc paint beusedfor coatingthe interiors of projectiles.

ARTICLE 5.—PAINTS FOR EXTERIOR OF MOBILE ARTILLERYPROJECTILES.

14. The projectilesfor Mobile Artillery are as follows:(a) Common steel shell,(b) High-explosiveshrapnel,(c) Commonshrapnel,(d) Target-practiceprojectiles,(e) Antiaircraft projectiles,(f) Illuminating projectiles,and(g) Specialprojectiles.

15. Some older Mobile Artillery projectiles, now obsolescent,areas follows:

Cast-steelshell,Cast—iroisshell, loaded with black powder,Commonshrapnel,headcharged,Commonshrapnel,basecharged,old type, andCanister.

16. If any event should necessitatethe painting of these older

projectilesthe presentmethod,as prescribedin pamphletNo. 1868,revisedMarch 20, 1914,will 1)0 contmued.

(a) COMMON STEEL SHELL.

17. Paint theexterior of the shell from the rotating band forwardto the point, including the bourrelet,with redpaint. If the shell isover 6-inch caliber, paint a black band about 2 incIseswide aroundthe cylindrical part of the shell so that one-halfof the band will lieon ea’ehi side of the centerof gravity.

18. Paint with redpaint from the rearof the rotating bandto thebasecover grooveof all shell for separateloading ammunition.

(b) HIGH-EXPLOSIVE SHRAPNEL.

19. Paint the exterior of the shrapnelfrom the rotating handfo~rwardto the waterproofcover, includiiig the boum-relot,with redpaint. If the shrapnelis over 6-inch caliber, paint a black bandabout 2 incises wide around the cylindrical part of the shrapnelsothat one—halfof the 1)1111(1 will lie on each side of the centerof gravity.

20. Paint with redpaint from the real’ of the rotatingbandto andincluding the baseof all shrapnelfor separateloading ammunition.

7

(C) COMMON SHRAPNEL.21. Paint the exterior of the shrapnel from the rotating band

forward to tho waterproofcover, including the bourrelet,with blackpaint. If the shrapnelis over 6-inch caliber,painta red bandabout2 inches wide around the cylindrical part of the shrapnelso thatone-halfof the bandwill lie on each side of the centerof gravity.

22. Paint with black paint from the rear of the rotatingband toand including the baseof all shrapnelfor separateloading ammuni-tion. -

(d) TARGET-PRACTICE PROJECTILES.

23. Target-practiceprojectilesconsistof sand-loadedcast-ironshellandsmokeshell. -

24. Paint the exterior of sand-loadedcast-ironshell from the ro-tating bandforwardto the point, including the bourrelet,with greenpaint. If theshell is over6-inchcaliber,paintablack band about2incheswide aroundthe cylindrical part of the shell, so that one-halfof the bandwill lie on eachsideof the centerof gravity.

25. Paintwith greenpaint from the rearof rotating band to thebasecover grooveof all sand-loadedcast-ironshell for separateload-ing ammunition.

26. The 1.7-poundersmokeshellusedin subcalibergunsfor mobileartillery guns andhowitzers will be paintedfrom the rotatingbandforward to the point, including the bourrelet, with green paint.From the rotating bandforward paint a black bandthree-quartersof an inch wide aroundthe cylindrical part of theshell.

(e) ANTI-AIRCRAFT PROJECTILES.

27. Paint exterior of projectile from rotating band to point or tofuzecover if point fuzed, including the bourrelet,with blue paint.

(f) ILLUMINATING PROJECTILES.

28. Paint exterior of projectile from rotating band to point or tofuze cover if fuzed,including the bourrelet, with white paint.

(g) SPECIAL PROJECTILES.

29. Paintexteriorof projectilewith black paint. Paint a redbandapproximately1 caliber wide around the cylindrical part of thepro-jectile. On this red bandstencilwith black letterssuch inscriptionor symbolsas may be necessaryfor identification.

ARTICLE 6.—PAINTS FOR EXTERIOR OF SEACOAST ARTILLERYPROJECTILES.

30. The modernSeacoastArtillery serviceprojectilesconsistof:(a) Armor-piercing forged-steelshell (A. P.shell).(5) Deck-piercingforged-steelshell (D. P.shiell).(c) Armor-piercing forged-steelshot (A. P.shot).(d) Commonsteelshell (C. S.shell).

8

‘rise older SeacoastArtillery projectilesconsistof:(e) Armor-piercingcast-steelshotandshell (A. P.shotand

shell).(f) Torpedoforged-steelshell (torpedoshell).(g) Torpedocast-steelshell (torpedoshell).(It) Cast-ironshot andshell.(i) Shrapnel.

The target-practiceSeacoastArtillery projectilesconsistof:(j) Castiron andsteelshot, solid, andcastiron andsteel

sheU,sandloaded.(a) ARMOR-PIERCING FORGED- STEEL SHELL.

31. The exterior having first beenpaintedblack, a bandof blue-gray pailit, one-half caliber wide, will be painted around the cylin-drical portion of the projectile so that ono-imalf thehandwill lie oneither side of the centerof gravity. This color indicates that timeprojectile is made of forged steel. The position of this band isselectedso as to assistin properly adjustnigshot tongs on the pro-jectile in han(lhing. Theattachedpointsor capsarealsoto beptsitmtedblue gray where the longpointed capshavei)een assembled. Whereonly the blunt soft—nosedcap is I)reselmt, this cap aIi(l two—thirds ofthe ogival part of the projectile is to h)e painte(i blue gray. Thisblue-gray tip indicates that the projectile is of armor-piercingtype.After loading,the baseof the shell is to be patnte(l deepyellow ins-ear of the rotating band to in(hcato that the bursting charge ishigh exI)losive (explosive ‘D’’). -

(h) I)ECIC-PIERCING FORGEJ)- STEEL ShELL.

32. ‘I’hie sameas for armor-piercingforged-steelshell.

(c) ARMOR-PIERCING FORGED- STEEL ShOT.

33. The sameas for armor-piercingforged-steelshell, except thattheblue-graytip will hecarriedbackto the front edgeof thebourrelot.

(U) COMMON STEEL SIIELJ~.

34. Theseshellare for 1—pounderporn—porn, 6—pounder,3—inch (15—

poun(ler),and4—inch fixed alflmunitioml, and4.7—inchand 6—inch Arm—strong separate-loadingammunition. The 1 -pounderporn-pornsteelshell in servicearecisargodwith blackpowder. ‘rimoy will bepaintedl15 prescribedfor cast-ironshell of the samecaliber, exceptthat theti1

) will bepaintedbluegray oiio—half of the waybackto thie bourrelet.35. The 6—pounder, 15—pounder,and 4—inch will be Paiilted black

from the front of the rotating baud to point, andthe basein rearofthe rotatingbandwill be left bright alit1 coatedwith a slushingoil topreventrusting. A blue—graytip will be paintedon tue ogiveeXtell(l—bmg one-half way back to the bourrelot. A band of deepyellow 1caliber wide will be painted around the cylindrical portioli of the

projectile to indicate a highs—explosive burstingcharge, so that one—

9

half the baml will lie on either side of time centerof gravity of theprojectile. Where such are charged with 1)lack powder a hand ofrod (vermilion) paint will replacethe yellow hand.

36. The common steelshell for Armstronggulls will he paintedasprescribedfor cast-steeltorpedoshell, exceptthat the 4.72-inch shellwill haveno centerof gravity band.

(e) ARMOR-PIERCING CAST-STEEL ShOT AND ShELL(A. I’. SHELL). -

37. The same as for armor-piercing forged-steelshot and shell,exceptthat the color of the paint for time tip andbandwill be warmgray insteadof bluegray.

38. To iimdicato the absenceof a fuze from an A. P. or D. P. pro-jectile filled with high explosive, add on top of the yellow paint attherear endof the projectilea longitudinal blackstripe about1 inchwide on each quadrantof the base, the stripe to commenceimme-diately in rear of time rotating band and extend to thìo basecovergroove. If the basecover happensto be in place the stripes mayextendentirelyacrossit.

(1) TORPEDO FORGED-STEEL ShELL (TORPEDO ShELL).

39. The sameas for armor-piercingforged-steelshell, exceptthatno blue-gray tip will be paintedon the ogivo, asno material pene-tration of armoris expectedof thies~projectiles.

(g) TORPEDO CAST-STEEL ShELL (TORPEDO ShELL).

40. The sameas forged-steeltorpedoshell, except that time centerof gravity band will be warm gray and that if loadedwith blackpowderthe portion in rearof time rotating band will be painted red(vermilion) instead of yellow. If issued for use as target practiceprojectilesthiey will bepaintedasprescribedfor cast-ironprojectiles.

(ii) CAST-IRON ShELL.

41. A numberof thieseloadedwith black powderare assembledin6-pounderand15-pounderammunition. Thesewill bepaintedasprc~scribed for common steel shell of the samecalibers charged withblack powder, except thiat the gray tip will be omitted. Cast-ironshellpowderchargedfor the 1-pounderporn-pomgun will be paintedred from therotating bandto the point. Any separate-loadingcast-iron shell loadedwith black powderwill be I)ainted as prescribedfortargetpracticeprojectiles,except that the basewill 1)0 paintedred.

(1) ShRAPNEL.

42. ‘rise only shrapnelin service are of 01(1 design for 4.72-inchArmstronggunsmtxmtl 5-inch guns. ‘Thesewill bepaintedas prescribedfor the older modelsof mobile artillery shrapnel. Separateloadingseacoastshrapnel which may 1)0 manufacturedin future will bepainted as prescribed for forged-steel armor-piercing projectiles,

10

except that there will be no distinctive color used on time point.- Yellow paint in rearof the rotatingbandwill indicatehigh explosiveshrapnel anti red paint common shrapnel. Thi~fuze should notbe painted. The use of shrapnelin fixed ammunition is not con-temnplated. If issued, the paintingshouldbe as prescribedfor com-mon steel shell, except that no distinctive color will be usedon the

point, and thefuze will not be painted.

(.J) CAST IRON ANI) STEEL ShOT, ANI) CAST IRON AN])STEEL SHELL SAND LOADE]).

43. For fixed anirnunition, the entire projectile in front of time ro-tating bandwill bepaintedblack andthe exteriorin rearof thìerotat-ing bandwill be left bright andcoatedwith a slushingoil to preventri~sting. For separateloading, the entire exterior of the projectilehot-h in front andin rearof therotating band,will be paintedblack,except that a band of olive green, one-half caliber wide, will bepaintedaround time cylindrical portionsof the projectile so that one-half of the band will lie on eitherside of the centerof gravity of timeprojectile. One additionalbandof olive-greenpaint of equalwidthwill be I)ftiflted betweenthe rear of the center of gravity bandandthe front of the rotating band. Time object of thesebands is toclearly distinguishsuch projectilesby sight from serviceprojectiles.No colored tip will he used. The interior of sand-loadedshellneednot be painted. -

44. Steelprojectileswhich are assignedfor target-practicepurposes’will be painted the sameas cast-iron shell except that the rear ofthe rotatingbandwill be paintedbluegray.

ARTICLE 7.—APPLICATION AND COMPOSITION OF PAINTS.

45. Apply the coating on the interior cavitiesby such a methodas will insure a thoroughheavy coating distributedon every partof the cavity exceptthe fuze--seatthreads. The fuze hole must beleft open instil the coating is hardened.

46. When the projectile is of such type as to haveashoulderatthe rear of the cavity, greatcare mustbe takento insure that thisshoulderis thoroughlycoatedwith paint.

47. Give time exteriorsurfacesone coatof paint, apply by abrushandrub out evenly to give a thin, hard coating.

48. The paint should be thoroughlystirredbefore using, andkeptcoveredwhen not in use. Paintsbecomingthick by long standingshould be thinned withs spirits of turpentine. All paints will bepreparedfor issue to the service at the FrankfordArsenal in cansholding 1 gallon. -

49. The paints herein prescribed are preparedfor one coat onmetallicsurfacesandwill be of the following colorsand comnposition:

BLACK. Due gallon.

L~mpblack.dry -prei,id.. I~,~3s(’43(1oil, raw allon.-

alum, -

Japandrt~r. galton_-

‘iip~I vainlh ,imllon — —

BLEIB. Ohm- gallon.

i’,ussi’um blue, lii iii - pourol - - IlVhilu lead, In oil pounds.- 1I lIilev~wlmil lug, dry. pounds- — IIliw linseiiil oil. gallon. -

- 3Japandrier, gallon-

Copal varnishNo. I alimmu. -

(3IIEEN. On. gallon.

Mediuni chronicgreen,In oil pounds.- IiIi ildor’s whiting, lr polisimIs- - 43Vhilo luau, iii oil pumilnuls.- 4Itasv ll,m~m’~uioil utlumum- - 3‘l’msomunc a Ion, -

3 iupuifl drier ullon- -

(‘Ojmil sarmilsh No. I ii hun.-

JIG lIT DLI V I-h 0KB B \. line gum Ibun.

Frenchyelluuw uuctsu’r, iii ill1

umuind-, —

Lemon, (lu? umuhu’ yellow, iun oil Imnices- — 15I’ hruunnu green,in u~l uuuiuuuass- -

I .unupbliek, in oil i)uI?1C4S.— 3lincwod uuil, row culliun - -

‘l’eaeoue ullumnu - -

~°l°~° drimur ,olluuo - —

I‘opal varnish ulluuui - -

IIIUK OKAY. Die i(PI1II1L

\Vlilo leomi, In mull huntS, - 7\~luitiumg,liv puiuirnls_- 51 ,iitnu lihllh(’l~ - iii oil mu,us’us - - 3I mi—oil mmii, rOy ,illoii - —

all’>,,. -

.lip,s uln-ier slluun - -

~ ‘P’l \‘an-lii~li illon - —

II AlIlt GRAV. (Inc gallon.

White lead, in, miii jiuiniuli, - iiWhit lnmg, dry I~)uInId~,-

I” rend, yellow ocher, in oil Iusunirl - -

t,onnplulaek,In oil unhh,ce -

I ,ennoncii numb yellow, iii oil ounim’’., II ,insu’ed oil, rise il limo - -

Tex~ne allon. -

Japandrier silo,, - -

(‘opal vii~,misli allon - —

IIBEP ~KILOlS’. One ga lion.

Fren~’ln~-cllow ocimlir, in oil pounds- - 7l’nugltsh Venuelion, roil, iii oil uuunn,ces.— 3

J,ennoin chrome yelluucu , iii il Iuo,mnid.~- 4~Linseod oil, raw gallon - -

gallon- -

JOparmulriu’r galtuni. -

I opiil varnish u,Ilon -

VEI&MiiI4)N. One gallon.iIm~upfastvern,Ilion, in, oil pounnmis. - 2Red lead, dry - pound - 7WhilIng, dry Pounds,- 43Id nicestoil, raw galloin -

ispandrIer galIon- -

Will I’ll. One gallon.

\VIuito lead, hi oil Icunmds- -

(i ildor’s whit lnmg, (try pruinuuis. 4Itow II unsei’il oil alloii - -

‘l’muxeno nlloin. -

Japandrier gallon- -

(‘opmmI vatuisli No, 1 allot, - -

\V AR I)IcFAETMEN’r,OFrime, (IF TUE (‘hilite (mc OInluNANm’E.

II ~ustiiuiqtuuni,3m ‘rh (0, 1017.

Revised I)m’cehnmIcr 14, 1903: N usumber II, 19114: Maceli20, 1(114; March 30, 1917,F’uuhiM No. 1109.Ed. March 30 Ii 2,49(1.

PLATE NO.1.

DI5~/NCT/VE CoLofrs FOR PAINTING MOBILEARTILLERY P~QdEcTILES,

CO3IMO/’/ STEEL SHELL ~-ffm.~AND UNDER.FIXED UNFIXED. ANTI -AIRCRAFT PROsJECTILES

FIXED. Lif/FIKED,

COMMON STEEL SMELL OVER ~ -It?.IL LUM/NAT/fiG

ut:

PA/Hr

SPECIAL PRO~JECT/L&5

L _STENCIL SYMBOL OR LEGEt/D—~

TARGET PRAC77CE PRO~JECT/LE3~-/1/ AND UNDER

TARGET PRACTICE PIfOIJEC77LES OVER 6-/t/~

GifEEM.

IBLACnI I ~swir~.BLUE. ]M)T PAINTED

H/OIl LX? .5/IRAPt/EL 6-/N AND UNDER

PROa/(CTILES, WHITE

Il/C/I LX? SHRAPNEL OVER 6-/ti.

COMMON SHRAPI’/EL 6-/ti AND UNDER,

COMMON SHRAPNEL OVER 6-/N. 17 PDR 3410/rE 31/ELL.

3~-23-102.