Thank you for taking interest in Pak. Studies Resource Book. This

material is not exhaustive and is only intended for thorough SSC Boards Exams

preparation.

You are always welcome to consult the respective Subject

Teacher for comprehensive and in-depth knowledge to quench your thirst for

Quest for Excellence –The motto of our Alma Mater.

May Allah Almighty bless you in all future endeavours.

ZAJ - V.Principal-FFC Model School-GM, SDK, RYK, PK.

1

FFC MODEL SCHOOL--Faculty of Social Sciences--Session: 2019-20--Class : 9th

www.fms.edu.pk

Name of the Scholar: ……………………… Subject: Pak. Studies-Chapter no. 1

Textbook-MCQs

1 Urdu Hindi controversy started in

(a) 1861 (b) 1863 (c) 1865 (d) 1867

2 The first pillar of Islam is

(a) Touheed & Prophethood (b) Namaaz (c) Keeping Fast (d) Zakaat

3 When was the fight of freedom ( War of Independence ) fought

(a) 1855 (b) 1857 (c) 1859 (d) 1861

4 Who has the Supreme authority in Islam

(a) Allah Almighty (b) Parliament (c) President (d) People

5 Who gave the Presidential Address meeting of Lahore Resolution (23rd

March 1940)

(a) Quaid-e-Azam (b) A.K.Fazl-ul-Haq (c) Moulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar (d) Liaqat Ali Khan

6 Who gave the idea of a separate state for the Muslims in 1930

(a) Sir Syed Ahmad (b) Ch. Rehmat Ali (c) Sir Aga Khan (d) Allama Iqbal

7 In which century Pakistan came into being

(a) Eighteenth (b) Nineteenth (c) Twentieth (d) Twenty first

8 The State Bank of Pakistan was inaugurated on

(a) 1st July 1948 (b) 5

th May 1948 (c) 14

th August 1949 (d) 1

st October 1949

9 The Ideology of Pakistan is based on

(a) Collective system (b) Programme (c) Progressivism (d) Islamic Ideology

10 The word Pakistan was coined by

(a) Allama Iqbal (b) Sir Aga Khan (c) Ch. Rehmat Ali (d) Sir Syed Ahmad

11 When did Allama Iqbal addressed at Allahabad

(a) 1929 (b) 1930 (c) 1933 (d) 1940

12 The third pillar of Islam is

(a) Namaaz (b) Zakaat (c) Keeping Fast (d) Hajj

Chp. I – Miscellaneous Board MCQs

1 The second pillar of Islam is

(a) Touheed (b) Namaz (c) Prophet hood (d) Hajj

2 The fourth pillar of Islam is

(a) Namaz (b) Fast (c) Hajj (d) Zakat

3 The fifth pillar of Islam is

(a) Fast (b) Hajj (c) Touheed (d) Namaz

4 Lahore Resolution was presented on

(a) 23rd

March 1940 (b) 23rd

March 1942 (c) 23rd

June 1940 (d) 23rd

June 1944

5 Where did Sir Syed Ahmad Khan used the term “Two Nation” for the first time

(a) Bengal (b) Madras (c) Bombay (d) Banaras

6 Quaid-e-Azam addressed officers of the Government of Pakistan on

(a) 11th

October 1947 (b) 11th

August 1948 (c) 11th

October 1948 (d) 11th

March 1948

7 Who asked the Muslims to break the idols of colour and creed

(a) Quaid-e-Azam (b) Allama Iqbal (c) Sir Syed (d) Ch. Rehmat Ali

8 The Basis of the ideology of Pakistan is

(a) Islamic Brotherhood (b) Urdu-Hindi controversy (c) Pan Islamism (d) Religion of Islam

9 Quaid-e-Azam was a staunch supporter of

(a) Khalifat Movement (b) Two Nation Theory (c) Hijrat Movement (d) Quit India Movement

10 Sir Syed was the first to use the term “Ideology of Pakistan” ( Two nation Theory ) in the year

(a) 1867 (b) 1967 (c) 1947 (d) 1933

2

Textbook: Q. no 2.

Column “A” Column “B” Correct Answers

Inauguration of State Bank of Pakistan 1867 1948

Establishment of Pakistan The religion of Islam Twentieth century

The Basis of Ideology of Pakistan 1940 The religion of Islam

Urdu Hindi Controversy 1948 1867

Lahore Resolution Twentieth century 1940

Q.3 Fill in the blanks. (As given in the Text Book)

• The foundation of the Ideology of Pakistan is Islam.

• Ideology is the set of political and cultural principles on which the basis of a nation or civilization are laid.

• If a nation ignores its ideology it endangers its existence.

• Ideology of Pakistan is the name of creating Society based on the principles of Quran and Sunnah.

• Ideology of Pakistan is the name of establishment, of a state where the welfare of the people is considered.

• Islamic State and society is based upon consultation.

• Sense to provide security to the minorities was also included in the background of the demand for Pakistan.

• Sir Syed Ahmad Khan was the first person who used the term "Ideology of Pakistan" in the year 1867.

• Allama Muhammad Iqbal gave the idea of a separate state to or the Muslims in his address at Allahabad (1930).

• Quaid-e-Azam was a staunch supporter of the Two Nation Theory.

3

11 Pamphlet ‘Now or Never’ was published in

(a) 1930 (b) 1931 (c) 1932 (d) 1933

12 Running between Mount Safa and Marwa is part of

(a) Fasting (b) Hajj (c) Tauheed (d) Namaz

13 Islam is complete code of

(a) Law (b) Life (c) Country (d) Society

14 Urdu-Hindi controversy started from

(a) Delhi (b) Luckhnow (c) Banaras (d) Lahore

15 According to textbook of Pakistan Studies , the source of ideology are

(a) 5 (b) 7 (c) 9 (d) 11

16 Pamphlet ‘Now or Never ‘was written by

(a) Sir Syed Ahmad Khan (b) Allama Iqbal (c) Sir Aga Khan (d) Chaudhary Rehmat Ali

17 Pamphlet ‘Now or Never’ was distributed to the participants of which Round Table Conference

(a) First (b) Second (c) Third (d) Fourth

18 The battle of Palasi was fought in the year

(a) 1557 (b) 1657 (c) 1757 (d) 1857

19 The word ‘Pakistan’ was coined by

(a) Allama Iqbal (b) Sir Aga Khan (c) Chaudhary Rehmat Ali (d) Sir Syed Ahmad Khan

FFC MODEL SCHOOL--Faculty of Social Sciences--Session: 2019-20--Class : 9th

www.fms.edu.pk

Name of the Scholar: ……………………… Subject: Pak. Studies-Chapter no. 1

Textbook - Short Answers

Give short answers of the following questions.

1 What is meant by "Touheed"?

Tauheed means Oneness of God and that Allah is the creator and sovereign of this universe. He has no

rival and nothing is beyond his knowledge. He controls everything.

2 Write the translation of:

The translation of the Ayat means ‘Allah hath power over all things.’

3 What do you mean by faith in Prophethood?

Faith in Prophethood means to believe that Allah sent 124,000 messengers for the guidance of

mankind. It is compulsory for a Muslim to have a staunch belief in Prophethood without having any

kind of doubt. Hazrat Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم is the last Prophet of Allah.

4 What is meant by ideology of Pakistan?

Ideology of Pakistan means Ideology of Islam which is the foundation of our country. It was the

consciousness of the Muslims in the historical perspective of the South Asian sub continent that

they were a separate nation on the basis of Islam.

5 Write the statement of Quaid-e-Azam made at the inauguration of State Bank of Pakistan.

On 1st July, 1948, Mr. Jinnah inaugurated the State Bank of Pakistan. On this occasion he said:

“The economic system of the West has created almost insoluble problems for humanity. It has

failed to do justice between man and man. We must present to the world an economic system

based on true Islamic concept of equality of manhood and social justice.”

6 What did Hazrat Allama Iqbal stated about the foundation of Muslim Millat?

Allama Iqbal has presented a key concept of Muslim nation (Millat) in his poetry which is based

on Islam. He says in two of his couplets;

Don’t presume that your nation is like the nation of the west.

The people who believe in the Prophet Hazrat Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلمhave distinctive formation of the

nation.

The western community depends upon territorial and racial basis.

Whereas your (Islamic) community is strengthened by the force of the religion.

7 What is the saying of the Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلمabout brotherhood?

The statement of famous Hadis about brotherhood by

Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم :

“Each Muslim is a brother to every other Muslim. He should not commit breach of trust.”

He taught to refrain from maliciousness, malignance and enviousness. Therefore the Muslims should live

united. They should help each other.

8 Write the statement of Quaid-e-Azam about Nationalism.

Quaid-e-Azam said, “What we want is not to talk about Bengali, Punjabi, Sindhi, Balochi,

Pathan and so on. We are nothing but Pakistani. Now it is our duty to act like Pakistani”.

4

9 What is meant by ‘Two Nation Theory’ in the historical perspective of sub-continent?

In the historical perspective of sub-continent, Two Nation Theory means that there are two

major nations namely Muslims and Hindus settled there. These two nations were entirely

different from each other in their religion, way of living and collective thinking.

10 Write the statement of Mr. Jinnah about the rights of minorities in Pakistan.

Quaid-e-Azam said, “Minorities will be given a complete sense of security and that they would

enjoy equal rights. This is the fundamental teachings of Islam.”

11 Write the statement of famous Allahabad Address of 1930 given by Hazrat Allama Iqbal.

In his famous Allahabad Address of 1930, Iqbal said, “The formation of a consolidated North-

west Indian Muslim state appears to me to be the final destiny of the Muslims living in North-

West India. The life of Islam as cultural force in this living country very largely depends on its

centralization in a specified territory. I, therefore, demand the formation of a consolidated

Muslim State is in the best interest of India and Islam.”

12 What is meant by ‘Ideology’?

(1)The Urdu word for Ideology is ‘Nazaria’. Ideology means such a plan or programme as is

based upon philosophy and application to solve political, social and cultural issues and problems.

(2) According to the World Encyclopedia, “Ideology is a set of political and cultural principles

on which a nation or a civilization is based.”

13 In which year Chaudhary Rehmat Ali coined the word “Pakistan”?

Or

How and where Chaudhary Rehmat Ali proposed the name ‘Pakistan’?

Chaudhary Rehmat Ali coined the word “Pakistan” in January 1933 in a pamphlet named “Now

or Never” published from Cambridge, England.

According to his scheme of division of India the name of one of the separate state for Indian

Muslims was proposed as ‘Pakistan’.

Miscellaneous Board Questions-Chapter no.1

14 What is the importance of Namaz in Islam? or Write briefly about’Namaz”.

The second pillar of Islam is Namaz. It is obligatory for the Muslims to offer prayers at the

fixed hours. To be steadfast in prayers means steadfast in religion every day. Namaz is the

system of submission to Allah Almighty to be maintained by Islamic society.

15 Write the statement of Mr. Jinnah while addressing the students in March 1944.

While addressing the students in March 1944, Quaid-e-Azam said, “Islam is our guide and it is

complete code of life”.

16 Who was the first person to use the term “Two Nation Theory”?

Or

When and why Sir Syed used the term “Two Nation Theory”?

Or

Where and when the incident of ‘Urdu-Hindi Controversy’ took place?

Sir Syed Ahmad Khan was the first person to use the term ‘Two Nation Theory’ in 1867 at

Banaras in the wake of ‘Urdu-Hindi Controversy’.

17 Write the statement of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan about ‘nation’ in two lines.

Sir Syed Ahmad Khan declared the Muslims a separate nation. He convinced the British

government that there are two big nations settled in the sub-continent, one of them is Muslims

and the other is Hindus.

The Muslims are a separate nation in all respect because their civilization, culture, language,

customs and philosophy of life. India was partitioned because of Two Nation Theory.

5

18 Write a brief note on ‘Hajj’ with reference to Pakistan Studies Textbook.

Or

What do you know about ‘Hajj’?

Hajj is fifth pillar of Islam. It is an obligation only for those who are able to afford it financially.

The call of Hajj

(Here I am ! at your service, O Lord) presents the unique model of unity and brotherhood.

19 What do you understand by ‘Common Religion”?

Religion is not only the set of ‘worships’ but it has a profound impact on the whole of social life.

Every religion maintains social relationships in the light of specific ideas. For example, the

Europeans, the Japanese, the Hindus and the Muslims want to lead their lives according to their

respective religions.

20 Write the statement of Quaid about the development of democracy.

Or

Write the statement of Mr. Jinnah at Sibbi Darbar on 14th

February 1948

While addressing at Sibbi Darbar on 14th

February 1948, Quaid said, “ Let us lay the foundation

of our democracy on the basis of the truly Islamic principles. Our Almighty has taught us that

our decisions in the affairs of the state shall be guided by discussions and consultations”.

21 Recall the statement of Hazrat Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم at the Last Sermon (Khutaba-e-Hajja-Tul-Wida).

Or

Write the statement of Hazrat Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم about equality and justice.

Hazrat Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم explained the importance of equality and justice on the Last Sermon in

the following words:

“O people, all of you have one God and all mankind is the offspring of Adam. An Arab has no

superiority over a non-Arab nor a non-Arab has any superiority over an Arab; also a white has

no superiority over black nor a black has any superiority over white”.

22 Define ideology according to ‘World Encyclopaedia’.

According to the definition given in the World Encyclopaedia: “Ideology is the set of political

and cultural principles on which a nation or civilization is based”.

23 Write the statement of Mr. Jinnah at Karachi in 1943.

Or

Recall the statement of Quaid-e-Azam at the Session of All India Muslim League held at Karachi in

1943.

In the Session of All India Muslim League at Karachi in 1943, Mr. Jinnah said:

“What relationship knits the Muslims into one whole, which is the formidable rock on the which

the Muslim edifice has been erected, which is the sheet anchor providing basis to the Muslim

Millat, the relationship, the sheet anchor and the rock is Holy Quran.

24 Write any two points of Hazrat Allama Iqbal with reference to the ideology of Pakistan.

(1) In his famous presidential address at Allahabad in1930,he demanded a separate state for

Muslims. He said, “The formation of a consolidated North-west Indian Muslim state appears to

me to be the final destiny of the Muslims living in North-West India. The life of Islam as cultural

force in this living country very largely depends on its centralization in a specified territory. I,

therefore, demand the formation of a consolidated Muslim State is in the best interest of India

and Islam.”

(2) At another place, Allama Iqbal said, “India is the continent of human groups belonging to

different races, speaking different languages and professing different religions.

6

25 Write the economic importance of Zakaat.

The fourth pillar of Islam is Zakaat. It is a monetary prayer. It is the mean of strengthening the

economic system of Islam.

The system of Zakaat keeps the wealth in circulation instead of accumulating in few hands. Thus

it reaches to the poor class of the society.

26 Write two lines about ‘Eemaan’.

(1) Belief in Oneness of God and Finality of Prophethood is the first basic belief of Islam.

(2) Belief in Life here-after, Angels and the four Holy Books is also the basic beliefs of Islam.

The above mentioned set of beliefs is called “Eemaan”.

27 What do you understand by the teaching of Fraternity in Islam? Write two lines.

(1) Fraternity teaches us to develop brotherly relations with one another so that neither rights of

anyone grabbed nor the weak is oppressed by anyone.

(2) The Holy Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said, Each Muslim is a brother to every other Muslim. He should not

commit breach of trust. The Muslims should remain united and should help each other.

28 Write about thr rights and duties of a citizen.

In an Islamic state, rights and duties go hand in hand. The right of one person becomes the duty

of the other. Rights and duties are correlative. When a person does his duties, he deserves to

enjoy rights. Mutual balance between rights and duties makes a successful Islamic state.

29 Write the definition of Ideology according to George Brass.

According to George Brass, “Any plan or programme of common life based upon thinking and

philosophy is called ideology”.

30 How Sir Syed has depicted the miserable condition of Muslims after the War of Independence 1857?

Sir Syed has depicted the miserable condition of Muslims after the War of Independence in the

following words: “No calamity has descended from heaven that had not searched the house of

the Muslims before it came down to the earth”.

31 Who are eligible to pay Zakaat? Also write the annual rate of Zakaat in Islam.

Zakaat is only obligatory for ‘Sahib-e-Nisab’. ( A person who is able to pay )

The Nisab of Zakaat for the gold is 7.5 Tolas and for silver is 52 Tolas at the rate of 2.5 % per

annum.

32 What is significance of ideology in the life of nations? State briefly.

(1) Man has been sent to this world with some purpose. Purposeless life never gets success. The

existence of nations is reflected through their ideas.

(2) Ideas create awareness of purpose among nations. These ideas lead the nations to success.

(3) If a nation ignores its ideology, it endangers its exixtance.

33 Write the four basic pillars of Islam.

(1) Belief in Oneness of God and Finality of the Prophethood.

(2) Namaz. (Salat)

(3) Fast.

(4) Zakaat.

(5) Hajj.

7

FFC MODEL SCHOOL – Faculty of Social Sciences- PAKISTAN STUDIES www.fms.edu.pk

2019-20

Name of the Scholar: ………………… Class : ……………… Class: 9th

/ Lesson No. 1

Textbook-Q-5 THE ISLAMIC VALUES AND THE IDEOLOGY OF PAKISTAN

The ideology of Pakistan is based on ideology of Islam. The Islamic doctrines are based on certain

factors related to a set of beliefs, prayers and social characteristics.

1. Tauheed (Oneness of God): Tauheed is the basic belief of the Islamic society. Tauheed means oneness of

God and the belief that he has no rival. It is quoted in Surah Al-Nissan, “There is no God except Allah”

He controls everything.

means ‘Allah hath power over all things.’

2. Prophet hood: In Islam Prophet hood means belief in all Prophets from Hazrat Adam (A.S) to Hazrat

Muhammad (SAW). According to our belief Hazrat Muhammad (SAW) is the righteous Prophet and we

have to obey his teachings.

3. Prayers:-i. Namaz: Namaz is on the top of the list in Islamic prayers. On the Day of Judgment the first

question will be asked about the performance of Namaz. The Holy Quran has cited the

importance of Namaz at 700 places. The regularity of Namaz is good for time management in

our daily life. Namaz gives us spiritual satisfaction.

ii. Fasting: The biggest benefit of fasting is to attain purity.

iii. Zakat: The scheme of Zakat is a good example for uplifting the financial status of the poor

and needy. The system of Zakat keeps the money in circulation and does not allow

accumulation of wealth.

iv. Hajj: Hajj is the fifth pillar of Islam. Hajj is compulsory for every person who has the means.

The pilgrimage to Khana Kaaba and the Mosque in Madina gives us spiritual satisfaction. The

great mass of Hajj is a good example of unity, brotherhood and elimination of caste, creed

and colour.

v. Jihad: Jihad is an Islamic terminology which means to sacrifice one’s life, wealth, time and

energies for the cause of Islam.

Other Characteristics of Islamic Society Fraternity: Fraternity means brotherhood. The best example of Islamic brotherhood was witnessed in the

year 622 A.D. That was the time when Holy Prophet Hazrat Muahmmad migrated from Makkah to Madinah

with his companions. At that time the residents of Madinah showed extreme sacrifice with their new Islamic

brothers.

Equality: Islamic religion is the standard bearer of equality in the world. The Holy Prophet Hazrat

Muhammad (SAW) advised the Muslims to treat every member of the society on equality basis. Islam is

deadly against the discrimination on the basis of caste, creed, colour, class or designation. The declaration of

Holy Prophet (SAW) on Hajat-ul-Wida states that, “All human beings are the offspring of Hazrat

Adam(AS). No Arab has any precedence over a non-Arab and vice versa. Similarly, the white have no

precedence over the black and vice versa”.

Justice: A strong and impartial judiciary is very important for any country. As the saying goes, “Justice

delayed is justice denied” which means that speedy justice is the right of every citizen. It is the

responsibility of the state to make arrangement for honest and impartial judiciary.

The Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (SAW) once said, “The destiny of a nation deviating from justice is

doom and destruction”. Once a woman belonging to an influential family Banu Makhzoom committed a

theft. The Holy Prophet (SAW) ordered to amputate her hands, when the plea for leniency was made, he

said that if his daughter Fatima had committed the crime, he would have awarded the same punishment.

Promotion of Democracy: Islamic state is a democratic state. Consultation is the basis of Islamic state and

society. The system of government is run for the welfare of the common people. All are equal in the eyes of

the law.

Rights and Duties of Citizens: The basic fundamental rights of the citizens are guaranteed in an Islamic

state. Rights and duties of citizens are actually correlative and balanced in Islamic state.

The rights of non Muslim minorities are also safeguarded in an Islamic state giving maximum

protection to life and property. 8

Class: 9th

/ Lesson No. 1

Textbook-Q-6 The Ideology of Pakistan & Quaid-e-Azam M.A. Jinnah

The public addresses and sayings of the Quaid on different events and occasions reflect his staunch believe

in the Two nation Theory and Ideology of Pakistan.

Defining the Muslim State –Pakistan.

On one occasion Quaid Said, “The territories having Muslim majority

i.e. Punjab, Bengal, Asam. Sindh, North-West Frontier Province and Balochistan should be put together to

form Pakistan where people mat lead their lives in accordance with the principles of their religion,

civilization,traditions, ethics and economics.”

A System Based on Holy Quran

Mr. Jinnah wanted to establish the system of Pakistan on the basis of Holy

Quran. In one of the session of All India Muslim League at Karachi in 1943, he said, “What relationship

knits the Muslims into one whole, which is the formidable rock on which the Muslim edifice has been

erected, which is the sheet anchor providing basis to the Muslim Millat, the relationship, the sheet anchor

and the rock is Holy Quran.”

Islam-A Complete Code of Life

In an address to the students in March 1944, Mr. Jinnah said, “Islam is our

guide and it the complete code of life.”

Motive of Demanding Pakistan

Mr. Jinnah explained the ideology of Pakistan at Aligarh in the

following words: “What was the motive of demand for Pakistan and what was the reason of separate state

for the Muslims? Why was the need to divide to divide India felt? Its reason is neither narrow-mindedness of

the Hindus nor tactics of the British. It is the fundamental demand of Islam.”

Address to the Government Officers of Pakistan

In one of the address to the officers of Government of

Pakistan at Karachi on October 11th

1947, Quaid said, “"The establishment of Pakistan for which we have been

striving for the last ten years is, by grace of God, an established fact today, but the creation of a State of our own was a

means to an end and not the end in itself. The idea was that we should have a state in which we could live and breathe

as free men and which we could develop according to our own lights and culture and where principles-of Islamic

social justice could find fairplay."

Pakistan- An Islamic Laboratory

On one occasion Quaid said, "We do not demand Pakistan simply to have a piece of

land but we want a laboratory where we could experiment on Islamic principles."

Quaid’s Ideas on Nationalism

Addressing to the people of Dhaka on March 21st 1948, Mr. Jinnah Said, "What we want is not to

talk about Bengali, Punjabi, Sindhi, Balochi, Pathan and so on. We are nothing but Pakistani, Now it is our duty to act like

Pakistani.”

Rights of Minorities

Quaid pronounced that, “Minorities would be given a complete sense of

security and that they would enjoy equal rights. This is the fundamental teaching of Islam.”

Promotion of Islamic Democracy

At the occasion of Sibbi Darbar on February 14th

1948, Quaid said, “Let us lay the

foundation of our democracy on the basis of the true Islamic principles.”

Economic System of Islam

At the inauguration of State Bank of Pakistan on July 1st 1948, he said, "The

economic system of the West has created almost insoluble problems for humanity. It has failed to do justice between man

and man. We must present to the world an economic system based on true Islamic concept of equality of manhood and

social justice."

9

Class: 9th

/ Lesson No. 1

Textbook-Q-7 Hazrat Allama Iqbal & Ideology of Pakistan

The poetry and sayings of the Hazrat Allama Iqbal on different events and occasions reflect his staunch

believe in the Two Nation Theory. Allama Iqbal was one of the first person who gave the concept of a

separate state for the Muslims in sub continent.

Allahabad Address-1930

In his famous Allahabad Presidential address, Allama said, "The formation of a consolidated

North-West Indian Muslim state appears to me to be the final destiny of the Muslims, at least of North-West

India. The life of Islam as cultural force in this living country very largely depends on its centralization in a

specified territory. I, therefore, demand the formation of a consolidated Muslim State in the best interests of

India and Islam."

Declaring India as Continent

Allama Iqbal turned down the idea of India as a country of one nation. He

asserted India as continent of different nations. Allama Sahib clearly said, "India is a continent of human groups

belonging to different races, speaking different languages, and professing different religions. It was the prime duty of all

civilized nations to show utmost regard and reverence for the religions principles, cultural and social values of other

nations."

The Concept of Muslim Millat

According to Allama Iqbal Muslims are a Millat (A nation) due to Islam and

their power depends on Islam. In his poetry, he presented the key concept of Muslim Millat.

Translation: Don’t presume that your nation is like the nation of the West,

The people who believe in the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم have distinctive formation of the nation.

The Western community depends upon territorial and racial basis,

Whereas your community is strengthened by the force of the religion.

Advice to the Muslims

Iqbal advised the Muslims to adopt every aspect of the religion and get rid of the

geographical limitations of the mankind.

Translation:

Break the idols of colour and creed and absorb yourself into one nation,So that Turani, Irani, and Afghani

regional status of Muslims may lose their existence.

The Concept of a Unified Ummah.

Allama Sahib considered that all Muslims living in any part of the

world form on Ummah or Millat (A Nation). The following couplet gives the same message of unity.

Translation: The Muslims should unite to protect the Harm, (The Holy Kaaba)

From the shores of river Nile to the land of Kashghar.

The following is the corrected verse of Allama Iqbal, the one given in the Textbook is incorrect.

Reference:

Important Note

10

Class: 9th

/ Lesson No. 1

Textbook-Q-8 TWO NATION THEORY

The Origin of Two Nation Theory

The concept of Two Nation Theory is associated with sub-continent. This theory

holds that there were two distinct nations living in sub-continent namely Hindus and Muslims in the

historical perspective. Hindus and Muslims are so different that in spite of living together for about one

thousand years, they could not intermingle to create a common culture and society.

International Law and Two Nation Theory

India was never a single unified state so its inhabitants can

never be called a single nation. Jinnah stated, “India is a sub-continent where several nations reside and

Hindus and Muslims are two important nations”.

Muslims were a separate nation by all canons of International Law so no single nation can lay claim over

whole of India.

The Evolution of Two Nation Theory

From Mr. John Bright to M. A. Jinnah

John Bright. In mid nineteenth century in 1858, an English thinker John Bright presented the theory

of a separate state for Muslims of sub-continent.

Jamal-Uddin Afghani. Then in 1879 Mr Afghani, a great Muslim scholar presented his idea of a

separate state for Muslims of India.

Maulana Abdul Haleem Sharar. In 1890 Maulana Abdul Haleem Sharar wrote about two nation

theory in his books.

Khairi Brothers. Abdul Jabbar Khairi & Abdul Sattar Khairi demanded a Muslim homeland in

1917.

Ali Brothers. Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar & Maulana Shaukat Ali spread ideas of freedom in

their newspapers “Hamdard” and

Opinion of Ch. Rehmat Ali

In 1933, Ch Rehmat Ali published his famous booklet “Now or Never” from

Cambridge, England. According to his opinion sub-continent could be divided into four parts with separate

states for Muslims. Chaudhri Sahib named one of the state as “Pakistan”, and hence the word was coined

which later became the name of Muslim state.

Sir Syed Ahmed Khan & Two Nation Theory

Syed Sahib was on of the foremost Muslim leader who used the

word “nation” for Muslims of sub-continent after the Urdu Hindi Controversy in Banaras in 1867. He spent

his life for the cause of reforming Muslims of India.

Ideas of Hazrat Allama Iqbal

Great Muslim thinker Allama Iqbal was the leading advocate of Two Nation

Theory. He explained the theory and formally made a demand for separate sovereign Muslim State in his

historic Allahabad Address of 1930. He said, “I would like to see the Punjab, North-West Frontier Province,

Sind and Baluchistan amalgamated into a single state. Self-government within the British Empire or without

the British Empire, the formation of a consolidated North-West Indian Muslim State appears to me to be the

final destiny of the Muslims, at least of North-West India.”

He also used his poetry to show his sentiments and political ideas.

Statesmanship of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah

The political wisdom and statesmanship of Jinnah translated the Two Nation Theory into a reality.

According to his opinion foundation of Two Nation Theory was laid on the day first Hindu became a

Muslim in sub-continent. Mr Jinnah explained the theory in detail in his Presidential Address of March 23,

1940 at Lahore. According to his opinion Hindus and Muslims are two diverse nations. In most events of

history, the hero of one nation is the villain of the other nation. These extreme distinct nations could not live

in a single state so Muslims of India needed a separate state.

Two Nation Theory and Fall of Dhaka (East Pakistan)

Some people question the validity of Two Nation Theory after the Fall of East Pakistan., but they are

quite mistaken because theory and concepts have place in minds and hearts. Political boundaries of states

may change with times. God forbid if East Pakistan would have joined India then Two Nation Theory would

have been nullified but it did not happened so Two Nation Theory is very much valid today.

11

Class: 9th

/ Lesson No. 1

Textbook-Q-9-a The Economic Condition of Muslims before Partition

Background of the British Wrath

After the War of Independence 1857, the Muslims were oppressed very badly.

Although the Hindus supported the Muslims in this war, but the Muslims were the targets of the wrath of the

British. So the Muslim suffered serious economic and political consequences.

Ban on the Government Jobs for Muslims

The British dismissed all the Muslims from government jobs especially from Army and

shut the doors of employment to the Muslims even if they have required qualification. Muslims were only offered

menial jobs like “ink-fillers” or “peons” etc.

Confiscation of Muslim’s Farm Lands

The Muslims were deprived of their agricultural properties. Their properties and farms were allotted

to the Non-Muslims. The Muslims became tenant instead of land owners. According to an estimate 20,000 jagirs

(Farm Estates) were confiscated by the British.

Remarks of Sir Syed on Muslim Conditions

Sir Syed Ahmad Khan has depicted this miserable condition of the Muslims in the following

words: "No calamity has descended from heaven that had not searched the house of the Muslims before it

came down to the earth."

British Support for Hindu Traders

The business of the Muslims was ruined. In order to get the support of the Hindus, the British

gave them special business privileges. The Hindus established monopoly in local trade and Muslim

traders suffered heavy losses..

Collapse of Indian Cottage Industry

As the result of industrial revolution in Britain, better and cheaper products were

manufactured which were imported into India. The Indian cottage industry collapsed because it could not

compete with the modern British industry.

Ban on Indian Exports

The export of the Indian goods to Europe were banned due to which millions of people suffered

unemployment including a large number of the Muslims.

Closure of Muslim Educational Institutions

Most of the Muslim educational institutions were run on the grants received from revenue of

farm lands. The confiscation of farm lands by the British made the schools to close down due to shortage of

funds. This resulted in the shortage of educated Muslim manpower.

12

Class : 9th

Lesson No. 1

Textbook-Q-9-b THE ORIGIN OF IDEOLOGY & ITS SIGNIFICANCE

Meanings of the Ideology

According to Oxford Dictionary (Eighth Edition) ideology is “A set of ideas and beliefs on which a

political or economic system is based”.

Another definition given in The Chambers Twentieth Century Dictionary is "The sciences of ideas and

way of thinking".

Pakistan and Islam

Pakistan is an ideological state. It is based on a specific philosophy of life. Its basis is the religion of Islam.

This religion has been in practice for centuries. This is the basis that caused the movement of Pakistan.

MEANINGS OF THE IDEOLOGY OF PAKISTAN

The ideology of Pakistan means ideology of Islam. No doubt, the Islamic ideology is the foundation of the

ideology of Pakistan.

Ideology of Pakistan

The ideology of Pakistan was the consciousness of the Muslims in the historical perspective of the

South Asian sub-continent that they were a separate nation on the basis of the Islamic ideology.

DEFINITION OF THE IDEOLOGY OF PAKISTAN

If we keep the definition of the ideology in view, we can easily understand the meanings of the ideology of

Pakistan.

1. The ideology of Pakistan is the name of creating a society based on the principles of Quran, and Sunnah.

2. The ideology of Pakistan is the name of practicing the principles of Islam. It is also the name of a thinking to

get the laboratory to test these principles.

3. The ideology of Pakistan is the name of steps that were taken for the security or political, social, cultural and

economic values of the Muslims.

4. The ideology of Pakistan is the name of practical efforts for establishing the rule of Islam and strengthening

the unity among the Muslims, without losing the national (Milli) identity.

5. The ideology of Pakistan is the name of a welfare state where the welfare of the people is considered.

SIGNIFICANCE OF IDEOLOGY

Ideology means such a procedure under which people and nation live their physical lives. So we can say

ideology play significance role in our life. Some important points are given below:

1. Existence of nations

Man has been sent to this world with some purpose. Purposeless life never gets success. The existence of

nations is reflected through their ideas. Ideas create consciousness of purpose among nations. These ideas

lead the nations towards success.

2. Foundation of Motivation

Ideas provide the foundation to any political, economic, social or cultural movement.

3. Axis of Life

Ideas are the axis around which life revolves. It is the second name of motivating force.

4. Source of Discipline

. Ideas provide discipline to various aspects of human life.

5. Knowledge of Rights and Duties

Ideas determine the national duties and rights. 6. Source of life

Idea is just like something which is invisible but the, nations look live and dynamic because of it.

7. Source of Identity

If a nation ignores its ideas, it endangers its existence and some new idea tries to merge this nation and

changes its identity.

13

FFC MODEL SCHOOL--Faculty of Social Science--Session : 2019-20

Class : 9th

Subject : Pak. Studies

MCQs Text Book-Chapter. 2

1 Who presented the Pakistan Resolution

(a) A.K.Fazl-ul-Haq (b) Allama Iqbal (c) Muhammad Ali Jauhar (d) Sir Aga Khan

2 When did Sindh Muslim League passed a resolution in the favour of partition

(a) 1908 (b) 1918 (c) 1928 (d) 1938

3 A British Government mission came to India in 1942 under the headship of

(a) Sir Pathic Lawrence (b) A.V. Alexander (c) Sir Stafford Cripps (d) Lord Wavell

4 When did quaid-e-Azam presented his famous Fourteen Points

(a) 1909 (b) 1919 (c) 1929 (d) 1939

5 Who presided the session of elected Muslim League Legislatures at Delhi on 19th

April 1946

(a) Liaqat Ali Khan (b) Sardar Abdur Rab Nishtar (c) Allama Iqbal (d) Quaid-e-Azam

6 Lucknow Pact signed between Muslim League and Congress

(a) 1916 (b) 1926 (c) 1936 (d) 1946

7 The number of Muslim League ministers included in the Interim Government of 1946

(a) Two (b) Three (c) Four (d) Five

8 When was The Indian Independence Act approved

(a) 14th

August 1947 (b) 18th

July 1947 (c) 24th

October 1948 (d) 3rd

June 1948

9 In which Annual Session of Muslim League was the Pakistan Resolution passed

(a) 1940 (b) 1929 (c) 1949 (d) 1946

10 The year of Delhi-Muslim Proposals is

(a) 1926 (b) 1927 (c) 1932 (d) 1929

11 The World War II broke out in

(a) 1914 (b) 1919 (c) 1936 (1939) (d) 1945

12 When was the Battle of Palasi fought?

(a) 1557 (b) 1657 (c) 1757 (d) 1857

13 Quaid-e-Azam joined Muslim League in

(a) 1914 (1913) (b) 1915 (c) 1916 (d) 1919

14 How many Princely States were there in sub-continent at the time of partition

(a) 605 (b) 615 (c) 625 (d) 635

Miscellaneous Board MCQs-Chapter-2

15 The famous “Fourteen Points” were presented by

(a) Quaid-e-Azam (b) Nehru (c) Bhashani (d) Gandhi

16 Sultan Fateh Ali Tippu was the ruler of

(a) Qalat (b) Hyderabad (c) Bahawalpur (d) Mysore

17 Sent as a viceroy of India at the time of independence

(a) Lord Rippon (b) Lord Wavell (c) Lord Mountbatten (d) Sir Stafford Cripps

18 Jinnah-Gandhi Talks started in

(a) 1944 (b) 1945 (c) 1946 (d) 1947

19 Simla Conference was conducted in

(a) 1942 (b) 1943 (c) 1944 (d) 1945

20 The Raja of Calicut was a

(a) Hindu (b) Muslim (c) Buddhist (d) Christian

21 “Civil Disobedience” and “Quit India” movements were started by

(a) Sir Pathic Lawrence (b) Muhammad Ali Jauhar (c) Quaid-e-Azam (d) Mahatama Gandhi

22 Lahore Resolution was termed “Resolution or Pakistan of Jinnah” by the

(a) Indian Hindu press (b) British press (c) Congress (d) MuslimLeague

14

23 “Amrita Bazar Patrika” is the name of a

(a) Newspaper (b) Bazar (c) Street / Lane (d) Book

24 Radcliff was a British

(a) Advocate (b) Professor (c) Doctor (d) Diplomat

25 Cripps Mission came to India in

(a) 1939 (b) 1940 (c) 1941 (d) 1942

26 Quaid-e-Azam was born on 25th

December 1876 in

(a) Lahore (b) Bombay (c) Karachi (d) Delhi

27 Nehru Report was presented in

(a) 1926 (b) 1927 (c) 1928 (d) 1929

28 Who said, “British India is a sub-continent. It is not a country”.

(a) Sir Syed Ahmad Khan (b)

29 Mahatama Gandhi wrote a letter to Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah in

(a) March 1947 (b) July 1942 (c) May 1949 (d) July 1944

30 Who presided the 27th

Annual Session of Muslim League

(a) Sir Syed Ahmad Khan (b) Ch. Rehmat Ali (c) Allama Iqbal (d) Quaid-e-Azam

31 Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms were presented in

(a) 1918 (b) 1919 (c) 1920 (d) 1921

32 Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah passed his Matriculation Examination in the year

(a) 1891 (b) 1892 (c) 1893 (d) 1894

15

Class: 9th

- Chapter No. 2

Textbook Exercise

Match Column "A" with the Column "B".

Column “A” Column “B” Correct Answer

Simla Conference 1942 1945

Rowlett Act 1946 1919

Cripps Mission 1944 1942

Cabinet Mission Plan 1919 1946

Jinnah-Gandhi Talks 1945 1944

Q. no. 3. Fill in the blanks.

Gandhi launched the "Civil Disobedience Movement" and "Quit India Movement".

The Muslims got 428 seats in the Provincial Assembly Elections in 1946.

Cabinet Mission Plan consisted of 3 British Ministers.

When India was partitioned, Lord Mountbatten was the Viceroy of India.

The Lahore Resolution was presented by A.K.Fazl-ul-Haque.

Jinnah-Gandhi Talks began in the year 1944.

The Cabinet Mission proposed to make India a Union.

The Muslim League declared the day of 16th August, 1946 as Right Action Day.

The Head of Boundary Commission for the partition of India was Sir Cyril Radcliff.

The Indian Independence Act was approved on 18th July 1947.

Q.2.

16

FFC MODEL SCHOOL--Faculty of Social Science--Session : 2019-20

Subject : Pak. Studies Class : 9th

Textbook Questions-Chapter no. 2

1 Which resolution was presented by the Chief Minister Bengal, Mr. Hussain Shaheed Suharwardi in the

Convention of Assembly Members in1946?

Chief Minister Bengal, Mr. Hussain Shaheed Suharwardi stated, “The zones comprising Bengal

and Assam in the North-East and the Punjab, North-West Frontier Province, Sindh and

Balochitan in North-West of India; namely Pakistan zones, where the Muslims are in a

dominant majority, be constituted into a sovereign independent state and that that an

unequivocal undertaking be given to implement the establishment of Pakistan without delay.”

2 Narrate three proposals of Cripps Mission.

The British Government sent a Mission to the sub-continent in 1942 headed by

Sir Stafford Cripps. The Mission presented some proposals to settle the political deadlock but it

failed. Cripps Mission offered the following proposals:

1. After the war (WW-II), the sub-continent will be under the Crown but the British

Government would avoid interfering in the internal as well as external affairs.

2. Defence, Foreign Affairs, Communication etc. will be handed over to the Indians.

3. The members of the Provincial Legislative Assemblies will elect a Central Assembly for

framing the Constitution. After the Constitution is made, it will be sent to all the provinces for

confirmation. The provinces which would not approve the Constitution would have the authority

to establish their independent status.

4. Appropriate steps will be taken for the security of the minorities.

3 Write any two points of the Presidential Address of Quaid-e-Azam presented at Lahore on 23rd

March

1940.

Quaid-e-Azam presided over the All India Muslim league session at Lahore in 1940. In his

famous address the Quaid identified the direction for the struggle of the Muslims. The main

points of his address are:

1. The Muslims are a separate nation because their customs, traditions, civilization, culture and

above all religion is different from Hindus. In spite of the fact that they have been living together

for centuries, both have their distinct identification. If the sub-continent gets freedom in the

form of United India, the rights of the Muslims will not be protected.

2. The demand of the Muslims for a separate country is not unhistorical. Ireland got freedom

from England; Spain and Portugal became separate states; Czechoslovakia got a separate

identification as a result of the partition. The problem of India is not of an inter-communal

character but manifestly of an international one, and it must be treated as such.

3. British India is a sub-continent. It is not a country or homeland of a nation. Many nations are

living here and their interests are separate from one another.

4 What was the reply of Quaid-e-Azam in Jinnah-Gandhi Talks of 1944?

Quaid-e-Azam declared that the style adopted by Gandhi is nothing but cheating and hypocrisy

and cunningness. He emphasized that the British must settle the issue of Pakistan before the

freedom of India because Congress and Hindus could not be relied upon.

5 Many important personalities presented the opinion to partition the India. Write the names of any five

such personalities.

(1) Syed Jamal-ud-Din Afgani (2) Abdul Haleem Sharar (3) Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar

(4) Chaudhry Rehmat Ali (5) Allama Iqbal

(6)Abdu Jabbar Khairi & Abdul Sattar Khairi (Khairi Brothers)

(7) Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah. 17

6 How the Provincial Groups were formed in the Cabinet Mission Plan?

According to the Cabinet Mission Plan of 1946, India were to form three groups;

Group A: Hindu majority provinces of Madras, Bombay (Now Mumbai), UP, CP, Bihar

and Orissa.

Group B: Muslim majority provinces of Punjab, North-West Frontier Province (Now KPK),

Balochistan and Sindh.

Group C: Bengal and Assam.

7 Write any three points of the Wavell Plan.

British Viceroy Lord Wavell announced a plan about the political future of India in a conference

called by him in 1945. Following were the main points of the Wavell Plan:

1. The Constitution of the future will be made with the will of all the political forces.

2. The Viceroy’s Executive Council will be reconstituted. Representatives of all the political

forces will be selected for it. Six Hindus and Five Muslim representatives will be included in the

Executive Council.

3. Governor General will preside over the Executive Council. All the members of the Executive

Council will belong to the sub-continent except the Commander-in-Chief.

4. After reconstituting the Executive Council in the Centre, Executive Councils will be

reconstructed in all the Provinces.

8 Describe the manifestoes of the Muslim League and the Congress in the General Elections of 1945-46.

All the political parties of India launched a vigorous election campaign because the political

future of the sub-continent was to be decided in the light of elections mandate. Following were

the manifestoes of the two major parties Congress and the Muslim League.

1. Manifesto of the Indian National Congress.

(a) South Asia to be liberated from British as a single unit.

(b) No scheme of the partition will be accepted to the Congress.

(c) Congress is the representative of all the communities of India.

2. Manifesto of the All India Muslim League.

(a) Liberation of India from British Rule.

(b) Partition of India and creation of Pakistan.

(c) Muslim League is the only representative of all the Indian Muslims.

9 Write the text of the Pakistan Resolution.

A resolution named ‘Lahore Resolution’ was presented by Tiger of Bengal A.K.Fazl-ul-Haq and

passed in the 27th

annual session of Muslim League at Lahore in 1940. Later on it became

famous as ‘Pakistan Resolution’. Following is the text of the Resolution:

“No constitutional plan would workable or acceptable to the Muslims unless geographical

contiguous units are demarcated into regions which should be so constituted with such

territorial readjustments as may be necessary. The areas in which the Muslims are numerically

in majority as in the North-Western and Eastern zones of India should be grouped to constitute

independent states in which the constituent units shall be autonomous and sovereign.” It further

reads, “Arrangements thus should be made for the security of the Muslims where they were in a

minority”.

10 Write the names of five ministers of the Muslim League included in the Interim Government of 1946.

The five ministers of Muslim League nominated in the Interim Government of 1946 were;

(1) Liaqat Ali Khan (2) Abdur Rab Nishter (3) Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar

(4) Raja Ghazanfar Ali Khan (5) Jogendra Nath Mandal (Achoot Leader)

18

11 Write the names of the members of Cabinet Mission Plan.

The members of Cabinet Mission Plan 1946 wer;

(1) Sir Stafford Cripps (2) A.V. Alexander (3) Sir Pethic Lawrence

12 Narrate the stand point of Quaid-e-Azam on Rowlatt Act 1919.

Sir Sydney Rowlatt got an Act passed in 1919 which became famous after his name as ‘Rowlatt

Act’. According to this Act, the administration was given unlimited powers and civil rights of the

people were crushed upon.

Mr. Jinnah raised his voice against it and called it a ‘Black Law’. He wrote to the Viceroy Lord

Chelmsford, “In my opinion, the government that passes such a law in the times of peace forfeits

the its claim to be called a civilized government”.

13 How did the India occupied Kashmir?

The anti-Muslim Hindu Dogra Raja Hari Singh of Kashmir accede the territory with India in

1947 against the wishes of 80% Muslim population. As a result Indian armed forces entered

Kashmir through Gurdaspur and occupied it.

14 Describe the holding of all Parties Conference under the 3rd

June Plan 1947.

Lord Mountbatten convened an All Parties Conference in June 1947.

The conference was attended by Quaid-e-Azam, Liaqat Ali Khan, Sardar Abdur Rab Nishter,

Jawahar Lal Nehru, Sardar Patel, Acharia Kriplalani and Baldev Singh.

The second session of the Conference was held on 3rd

June 1947 in which all the leaders

approved the ‘3rd

June Plan’. Despite the fact that promises made with the Muslims had been

breached, Mr. Jinnah accepted the Plan unwillingly. The representatives of major parties made

the speeches on a radio broadcast. Quaid-e-Azam ended his speech with the slogan of ‘Pakistan

Zindabad’.

15 How did the Quaid-e-Azam got the title of ‘Ambassador of Peace’?

Under the Lucknow Pact 1916, Quaid-e-Azam politically united both the nations viz. Hindus and

Muslims. He got the right of separate electorates for the Muslims acknowledged and was so

given the title of ‘Ambassador of Peace’ (Ambassador of Hindu-Muslim Unity) from the great

Indian lady politician Sarojini Naidu.

Misc. Board Questions. Chapter no.2

16 Introduce Sultan Tipu in two sentences.

1. Sultan Tipu was son of Hyder Ali , the ruler of Mysore.

2. Sultan Tipu was martyred in the Battle of Mysore in 1799 by military alliance of the British,

Nizam of Hyderabad Deccan and Marhattas.

3. The real name of Sultan Tipu was Fateh Ali Khan.

17 Briefly describe the proceeding of Pakistan Resolution 1940.

The 27th

Annual Session of All India Muslim League was held at Lahore in Minto Park

(Now Iqbal Park) on 23rd

March 1940.

Quaid-e-Azam presided the Session.

Lahore Resolution was presented by Tiger of Bengal Mr. A.K. Fazl-ul-Haque which was passed

unanimously.

Maulana Zafar Ali Khan, Ch. Khaleeq-uz-Zaman, Qazi Muhammad Issa, Sir Abdullah Haroon,

And Sardar Abdur-Rab Nishtar were present at the Session.

18 After the failure of Freedom War 1857, what were the Muslim leaders thinking?

After the failure of Freedom War in 1857 (The War of Independence), the Muslim leaders were

constantly thinking how they could provide the Muslims with peaceful, secured and honoured

environment in the sub-continent. 19

19 When was the Indian Independence Act approved?

The Indian Independence Act was approved by the British Government on 18th

July 1947.

20 Write three lines about Rowlatt Act. Or Describe Rowlatt Act in three lines.

1. Sir Sidney Rowlatt got an Act passed in 1919 which was named after him as “Rowlatt Act”.

2. According to this Act, the administration was given unlimited power and the civil rights were

trodden upon. That’s why the Act was called a “Black Law”.

3. Quaid-e-Azam strongly raised his voice against this Act and wrote to Viceroy Chelmsford that

the government that passes such a law in times of peace forfeits its claim to be called a civilized

government.

21 What was desired by Mr. Gandhi in his letter to Mr. Jinnah?

Mr. Gandhi wrote a letter to Mr. Jinnah in July 1944. He wrote, “My heart was asking me to write

you a letter. I can meet you when you wish. Don’t think me the enemy of Islam or Muslims. I am

only the friend and servant of you but the whole world. Don’t disappoint me”.

22 Write any two points of C. R. Formula.

The C. R. Formula was presented by a leader of Congress Mr. Chakarvarti Raj Gopal Acharia in

1944. The two main points of C. R. Formula are;

1. The formula is the basis of an agreement between Congress and Muslim League. Gandhi and

Quaid-e-Azam will agree to it and they will try to approve it from their respective parties.

2. At the end of Second World War, a commission will be appointed to demarcate the districts

having a Muslim population in absolute majority and in those areas plebiscite would be conducted

on the basis of adult franchise including Non-Muslims for voting to join any two states.

3. The transfer of population, if any, would absolutely on a voluntary basis.

23 How many local Princely States were in sub-continent? Write the names of any two.

1. Jammu & Kashmir 2. Bahawalpur 3. Swat

4. Hyderabad Deccan 5. Kapurthala

24 Why proposals of Cripps Mission were rejected by the Indian National Congress?

The Cripps Mission was sent to India by British Government in 1942. Gandhi and Congress

rejected the proposals due to two important reasons:

1. The Congress disapproved the authority given to the provinces to reject the Constitution.

2. The Congress was not convinced to accept any ambiguous or unambiguous proposal regarding

the partition.

25 What do you understand by ‘Colonialism’?

The system of government developed by the European nations after they had established their

authority over Asia and many other countries of Africa is called ‘Colonialism’.

26 When Pakistan came into being ?

With the grace of Allah Almighty and the sincere efforts of Quaid-e-Azam, the dream of Hazrat

Allama Iqbal came into being on 14th

August 1947.

27 When was the Indian Independence Act approved?

The British Government approved the Indian Independence Act to partition the sub-continent on

18th

July 1947.

28 What was the reaction of Indian National Congress on Cabinet Mission Plan ?

The Congress liked the Cabinet Mission Plan very much. Common members of the Congress

celebrated in streets and bazaars. Nehru said that The Plan has buried the Pakistan of Jinnah.

20

29 Write the two main purposes of Cabinet Mission Plan 1946.

The Cabinet Mission Plan of 1946 has two basic purposes:

1. The first purpose was to determine the Constitutional status of India and the form of

Government.

2. The second purpose was to bridge the gap between Muslims and the Hindus, and to try to

convince the Muslims to live in United India.

As a matter of fact the General Elections of 1945-46 proved that it was quite impossible.

30 What was the reaction of Muslim League on Cabinet Mission Plan 1946?

The members of the Muslim League were frustrated because there was no mention of the Pakistan

in the Plan and the demand of Muslim League was rejected.

The Quaid-e-Azam also regretted that Muslim demand for sovereign state was rejected which was

the only solution of Indian constitutional problems.

31 Write the names of two non-Muslim judges included in Punjab Boundary Commission.

1. Justice Mehr Chand Mahajin 2. Justice Teja Singh

32 What tactics were used by Hindu religious parties to damage the identity of Muslims of Sub-continent?

Write any two.

1. The Hindu religious parties tried to damage the identity of the Muslims by trying to replace

Hindi with Urdu language.

2. The Hindu parties also tried to impose ‘Ram Raj’ and to merge Hindu customs and culture

with Islam.

33 Write the names of any two election candidates of General Elections of 1945-46.

1. Liaqat Ali Khan 2. Sardar Abdur Rab Nishtar

34 Why Congress wanted to include Maulana Abul Kalam Azad in the Viceroy’s Defence Council?

Congress wanted to include Maulana Abul Kalam Azad in the Viceroy’s Defence Council to claim

one Muslim seat.

35 Write the date and location of Simla Conference.

Simla Conference was held at Simla in 1945.

36 Who was the last Viceroy of India and when did he reached India?

The last Viceroy of India was Lord Mountbatten who reached India in March 1947.

37 Which political party came into power in Britain in 1945 and who was elected as new Prime Minister?

Labour Party came into power in 1945 and Lord Atlee was elected as new Prime Minister of

Britain.

38 How ‘Lahore Resolution’ became famous as ‘Pakistan Resolution’ ?

The official name of 23rd

March‘Resolution’1940 given by Muslim League was ‘Lahore Resolution’

but the Hindu Press ridiculously began to write it as ‘Pakistan Resolution’ which later became

famous as Pakistan Resolution.

39 What were the proposals of Mr. Gandhi in Jinnah-Gandhi Talks of 1944?

After having dialogue and correspondence with Quaid-e-Azam, Mr. Gandhi presented the

following proposals:

1. Gandhi said that he is against Two Nation Theory, yet if Muslim League wanted to implement

Lahore Resolution, the issue should be delayed.

2. First, the freedom should be achieved by collective efforts. Then, Congress and Muslim League

may mutually settle the issue of Pakistan at later stage.21

40 Which two Movements were launched by Mr. Gandhi after the failure of Cripps Mission?

Mr. Gandhi launched two political Movements after the failure of Cripps Mission viz:

1. Quit India Movement 2. Civil Disobedience Movement

41 Which two personalities persuaded Quaid-e-Azam to join Muslim League?

Quaid-e-Azam joined Muslim League in 1913 on the persuasion of

1. Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar 2. Syed Wazir Hassan

22

FFC MODEL SCHOOL – Faculty of Social Sciences—PAK. STUDIES - 2019-20 / Class 9th

/ Lesson No.2

www.fms.edu.pk

Textbook-Q-5 Main Points of 3rd

June Plan-1947

Appointment of Lord Mountbatten & All Parties Conference.

The British Government replaced Lord Wavell by

new Viceroy Lord Mountbatten in March 1947. The British Prime Minister Lord Attlee announced that the

British rule in the Subcontinent will come to an end by June, 1948. Lord Mountbatten called the All Parties Conference

in June 1947. On 3rd June at the second session of the All Parties Conference, all the leaders of major political parties gave

the approval of the Plan. The Plan was actually the plan of partition of India.

3rd June 1947 Plan The Government made the decision to partition the Sub-continent. Acknowledging the

principle stand of the establishment of two states, the Government settled the details and developed the programme

regarding the future of various provinces and states.

Main points of the 3rd

June Plan

1. The Punjab and Bengal Province

The Provincial Legislative Assemblies of Punjab and Bengal were to meet in two groups, i.e., Muslim majority

districts and non-Muslim majority districts. The members of the two parts of each Legislative Assembly sitting

separately will be empowered to vote whether or not the Province should be partitioned. If any of the two decided in

favour of the division of the province, then the Governor General would appoint a boundary commission to demarcate

the Province.

2. The North West Frontier Province (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa)

A referendum would be held in the North-West Frontier Province to ascertain whether they wished to join

Pakistan or India. The political issues of the Tribal Areas would be settled by the Government that is formed

after the referendum. The Governor-General would conduct referendum himself and for this purpose, he would

have the co-operation of the Provincial Government.

3. Sindh

Sindh Assembly would decide the future state of the province through the majority of vote. It would be decided

whether the province wished to join Pakistan or India. The European Members of Sindh Assembly would not have the

right to vote.

4. Balochistan

Balochistan had not been given the status of province till then by the British. According to Plan, the opinion of the

Quetta Municipality and Shahi Jirga would be sought. The official members would not be included in voting.

5. District Sylhet

District of Sylhet in Assam had Muslim majority population. According to the Plan, it was decided to hold

referendum in Sylhet. The referendum would be conducted after the partition of Bengal into two parts. If the

majority of the people decides to join the East Bengal, they would form a part of Pakistan.

6. Non-Muslim Majority Provinces

The whole of Assam excluding Sylhet would become a part of India. Likewise Bihar, Orissa, U.P, C.P, Bombay

(Mumbai) and Madras would be included in India.

7. Princely States

There were 635 Princely states in the Sub-continent as were ruled by Nawabs or Rajas. Some important states

include Jammu & Kashmir, Kapurthala, Bikaner, Hyderabad Deccan, Sawat, Dir, Patiala, Bahawalpur and Junagadh.

These states were given the option to decide their future and join the country of their choice fulfilling the required

conditions.

23

Class: 9th

/ Lesson No. 2

Text Book-Q-6 Pakistan Resolution-1940 www.fms.edu.pk

The Muslims wanted to secure themselves against the domination of Hinduism. The Hindu parties were

making demand for Ram Raj. It was a must to get rid of the dominance of the Hindus and it was possible

only if the Sub-continent was divided.

Annual Session of Muslim League

The 27th Annual Session of All India Muslim League was held at Lahore in the historical Iqbal Park

(Formerly Minto Park) on 23rd of March 1940.

Presided by.

The session was presided by the Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Presented by.

The Resolution was presented by Tiger of Bengal Mr. A. K. Fazl-ul-Haque.

Prominent Supporters of the Lahore Resolution

Leaders of the all provinces supported the Lahore Resolution .e.g.

Punjab: Zafar Ali Khan

Balochistan: Qazi Muhammad Issa

Sindh: Sir Abdullah Haroon

U.P Chaudhary Khaleeq-uz-Zaman

Mumbai I.I Chundrigar

Bengal: A.K. Fazl-ul-Haque

Great Muslim politicians like Chaudhary Khaleeq-uz-Zaman, Sardar Abdur Rab Nishtar and Moulana Abdul

Haamid Badayooni were present in this session.

Background of the Resolution

There were many factors which led the Muslims to pass the Resolution.

1. Communal Riots. The British rulers were unable to stop the blood bath of the Muslims and thousands of

Muslims died in the communal riots instigated by the Hindus.

2. Status of Muslim in Hindus society. The Muslims were given less status in the society. Hindus were not

agreed to give the Muslims equal social status.

3. Muslim Language and culture. In the second half of the nineteenth century and during the beginning of

the twentieth century, the Hindus continued their attempts to wipe out the language, culture and the

civilization of the Muslims. It seemed clear that if India got freedom as a single country, the culture,

civilization and the language of the Muslims would always be in danger.

4. Establishment of Islamic System. The Muslims wanted to establish a state in the name of Islam where

they could lead their individual as well as collective lives freely in accordance with the principles laid by

Islam..

5. Proposal of Muslims Leaders. In different periods, different Muslim leader promoted Two Nation

theory, so Muslims passed this resolution to advance their noble cause.

6. Allama Muhammad Iqbal. Allama Muhammad Iqbal, while presiding over the annual session of All

India Muslim League at Allahabad in 1930 presented the clear plan in a forceful and argumentative manner.

7. Chaudhary Rehmat Ali. Chaudhary Rehmat Ali prepared a pamphlet "Now or Never" and distributed it

among the participants of third Round Table Conference being held in London.

8. First Resolution in Sindh Assembly. Sindh Muslim League passed a resolution in the favour of

partition in 1938.

9. Quaid-e-Azam. While presiding over the All India Muslim League session at Lahore in 1940, Quaid-e-

Azam identified the direction for the struggle of the Muslims.

Reaction of the Hindus, British and Muslims

Reaction of Hindu Leaders

The Hindu leaders began to express their views against the Resolution.

Gandhi

Gandhi bitterly criticized the resolution and called it severe moral sin

Raj Gopal Acharia

Acharia said "The step of Mr. Jinnah is like that two brothers have a fight on some cow and they cut it and

divide it". 24

Hindu Press

All India Muslim League named this Resolution as "Lahore Resolution" but thhe Hindu Press

ridiculously began to write it as "Pakistan Resolution.

The Hindu Newspapers "The Hindustan Times", "Moden Review" and "Amrita Bazar Patrika" wrote

editorials against the plan of partition.

Reaction of British Press.

The British press did not pay much attention. The British Press called this "Resolution of Pakistan of

Jinnah." Only one British scientific journal The Nature posted small news of the Resolution.

Reaction of All India Muslim League.

Hindus were of the view that the proposal for the partition will be rejected But the Muslims of the Sub-

continent had decided their future. As a result of great struggle, they succeeded in getting Pakistan after

seven years only in 1947.

25

Class: 9th

/ Lesson No. 2www.fms.edu.pk

Textbook Q. no. 7 Elections of 1945-46

Announcement of Elections by Viceroy Lord Wavell

Viceroy Lord Wavell announced the holding of elections for central and provincial

assemblies in winter of 1945-46.

Background of the Elections.

Quaid-e-Azam rejected the Wavell Plan of 1945 because it was a trap for Muslims to withdraw the demand

of Pakistan. After the failure of Simla Conference, it was necessary to estimate the position of political

parties in the eyes of the people and which party can run the future of the Sub-continent.

The future of the Sub-continent was to be decided in the light of the people's mandate in the elections.

Manifestoes of Political parties

All the political parties of India announced to contest the elections.

Congress.

Congress gave the following points as its manifesto:

1. South-Asia will be liberated as a single unit.

2. No scheme of partition will be acceptable to them.

3. Congress claimed itself to be the representative of all the communities

Muslim League.

Muslim League gave the following points as its manifesto:

1. Liberation of India from British Rule

2. Partition of India and creation of Pakistan.

3. Muslim League is the only representative of all the Indian Muslims.

Election Campaign.

All the political parties launched a vigorous election campaign.

Congress.

Congress wanted to frustrate the Muslim League at any cost. Its leaders toured the length and breadth of

India. Congress made Elections Alliances with Jamiat-ul-Ulema-e-Hind, Unionist Party, Majlis-e-Ahrar,

Akali Party (Sikhs) and other Muslim parties and took every possible step to create obstacles in the way of

the Muslim League.

Muslim League .

Elections were life and death issue for the Muslims. The leaders of the Muslim League toured the

countrywide. Quaid-e-Azam in made stormy tours make the Muslims aware of the need of the hour. Muslim

League began to gain popularity rapidly. Many a Muslim leaders disaffiliated themselves from their political

grounds and joined Muslim League.

The atmosphere echoed with the slogans "Ban Kay rahay ga Pakistan "Lay kay rahain gay Pakistan" and

"Pakistan ka Matlab kia, La Ilaaha Illallah".

Result of the Elections

Following were the results of election

The Central Legislature: Elections were held in December, 1945. 30 Seats were allocated to the Muslims.

The Muslim League won all the 30 seats.

The Provincial Legislature: Elections were held in 1946. In all Provincial Legislatures, altogether 492

seats were reserved for Muslims. Muslim League captured 428 seats.

Conclusion

Muslim League came out victorious. The claim of the Quaid proved and the absolute majority of the

Muslims supported demand for Pakistan.

26

FFC MODEL SCHOOL – Faculty of Social Sciences- PAK. STUDIES / Class: 9th

/ Lesson No. 2

Textbook-Q-8 THE ROLE OF MR. JINNAH IN MAKING OF PAKISTAN

A Brief Life Sketch of the Quaid.

Muhammad Ali Jinnah was born on 25th

December 1876 in Karachi. He got his formal

education from Sindh Madarassat-ul-Islam High School Karachi, Then he went to London and joined

Lincoln’s Inn College to study law. He settled in Bombay to practice law in 1896.

Beginning of the Political Career.

He began to take part in politics. He participated in the sessions of Anjuman-e-Isalm Bombay

and Indian National Congress. In 1906, he participated in the session of the Congress held at Bombay as a

Muslim representative.

Joining of Muslim League

On the persuasion of Moulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar and Syed Wazir Hasan, he joined All-

India Muslim League in 1913.

Struggle against the British Colonialism

His intellectual and political struggle revolved around fighting for the civil and political rights of

the Muslims and eradicated of the British colonialism.

Services as First governor General of Pakistan

After Pakistan came into being, He was appointed the first Governor General of Pakistan.

Death of The Father of the Nation.

He died on in 11th September, 1948 in Karachi.

Political Services Rendered by Mr. Jinnah

1. Quaid-e-Azam as Ambassador of Peace ( Ambassador of Hindu-Muslim Unity)

Under Lucknow Pact, Quaid-e-Azam united both of the nations viz. the Hindus and the Muslims in

1916. He got the right of separate electorates for the Muslims acknowledged and got the title of

“Ambassador of Peace” and “Ambassador of Hindu-Muslim Unity” from great Indian lady politician

Sarojini Naidu.

2. Demand for Constitutional Reforms

He along with Hindu leader, Gokhale demanded new constitutional reforms in 1913. Again in 1919,

his efforts for the Montague Chelmsford Reforms are of great significance.

3. Protest against the Rowlatt Act

In 1919, Sir Sydney Rowlatt got an act passed. It was named as The Rowlatt Act. It was a black law.

The administration was given unlimited powers and the civil rights were denied. Quaid-e-Azam raised

his voice against it.

He wrote to the Viceroy Lord Chelmsford, "In my opinion, the government that passes or sanctions

such a law in times of peace forfeits its claim to be called a civilized Government."

4. Delhi proposals

In Delhi-Muslim proposals in 1927, Quaid-e-Azam withdrew the right of separate electorate and gave an

indication to cooperate with the Congress but it could not be fulfilled.

5. Fourteen Points

He rejected Nehru Report in 1928 and presented his Fourteen Points in 1929 which determined the

political goal of the Muslims.

6. Round Table Conferences

He participated in the Round Table Conferences (Of 1930-31) and maintained the national identity of the

Muslims.

7. Re-Organization of Muslim League

He injected a new life into the dead body of Muslim League in 1935-36 and guided the freedom

movement.

27

8. Day of Deliverance

In 1937 Congress formed ministries in 7 out of 11 provinces and tried to inflict injuries to the Muslims

socially and politically.

When Congress resigned in 1939, Mr. Jinnah call to observe the day as a "Day of Deliverance" on

22nd

December 1939 and as a mark of thanksgiving for the Muslims.

9. Quaid-e-Azam as Leader of Muslim league

In October 1937, Quaid-e-Azam was unanimously accepted as a leader in the Muslim League Session at

Lucknow. After it, Quaid-e- toured the length and breadth of the country on emergency basis.

10. Quaid-e-Azam and Two-Nation theory

In his address at Minto Park (Now Iqbal Park), in the session of Muslim League, he explained the Two-

Nation theory that became the basis of Pakistan.

11. Presidential Address at Lahore-1940

The famous annual session of 23rd

March 1940 in Lahore presided by Mr. Jinnah where he

explained the concept of Two Nation Theory in his presidential address.

12. Reconciliation Efforts by the Quaid

From 1940 to 1945, on one side he made many efforts for reconciliation between the Government and

political parties, and on the other side, between the Muslim League and the Congress, among them,

Cripps Mission, Jinnah Gandhi Talks and Simla Conference are worth mentioning.

13. Election of 1945-46

The All India Muslim League won the decisive elections of 1945-46 across all

over India under the great leadership of Mr. Jinnah.

14. The Creation of Pakistan

With the grace of Allah Almighty and the sincere efforts of Quaid-e-

Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the dream of Hazrat Allama Iqbal was materialized on 14th August

1947 in the form of Pakistan.

28

Class: 9th

/ Lesson No. 2

Textbook-Q-9 British Colonialism in India The Policy of Colonialism

According to the Oxford English Dictionary Colonialism means, “The policy or practice of acquiring full

or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically.

Motive for Colonialism Colonialism is basically a system of government developed by the Europeans to establish their

authority mainly over Asian and African nations. The European nations considered these countries a market for

the consumption of their products and did not pay any' attention towards the development of these countries. As a

result, the condition of common man was worsened.

Arrival of Vasco-da-Gama Vasco da Gama was a Portuguese navigator who rounded the Cape of Good Hope, arrived on the

East African coast in 1498; there from with the help of an Arab sailor he reached Calicut, a sea-port of South

Subcontinent. The Hindu Raja of Calicut received the Portuguese sailors with traditional hospitality and gave them

many privileges for trade.

European Colonialism in Sub-continent Gradually, the Portuguese began to settle here. Other nations of the Europe especially the Dutch,

the Spanish, the French and the British also started to settle in other continents. The period of slavery of the

Muslims living in Africa and Asia began from here onward.

Portuguese Colonialism in India After the arrival of Vasco da Gama in the Sub-continent, the European traders began to arrive. As

there was no unity among local rulers in the 16th century and their military force was also much weak, they could

not face the machinations of the Portuguese. The Portuguese occupied Goa and the coastal areas around it.

They fortified themselves and made much money by unfair means.

Arrival of French Followed by the Portuguese, many other nations of Europe started trade with Sub continent. Among

them, the French and the English are worth-mentioning. Like the English, the French began to settle on the

coastal areas of Pondichari (India). They, along with trade, began to establish their authority in the Sub-

continent. They fortified themselves and occupied various areas. Moreover the French could not succeed.

Foundation of British Colonialism in India

The British East India Company got formal permission from Mughal Emperor Jehangir and Shah

Jehan to trade in the Sub-continent. East India Company established an outpost at Surat (India). After this,

they established more outposts on the coast of Chennai.

Expansion of British Colonial rule During eighteenth and nineteenth century, the British availed of the disunion and weaknesses of

the local rulers and occupied most of the areas of the Subcontinent insidiously and collusively.

Battle of Palasi A rapid expansion in the colonial rule of the English was seen after the Palasi War 1757. When they

defeated the ruler of Bengal, Nawab Siraj-ud-Doula by the support of Mir Jafar.

Battle of Buxar In 1764, Mughal ruler Shah Alam Saani and Mir Qasim were defeated in the Battle of Buxar, and

Bengal and Oadh were occupied by the British.

Resistance of Haider Ali Hyder Ali, the ruler of Mysore, a powerful Muslim state, resisted against the increasing force of the

British rule but was not very successful.

Martyrdom of Sultan Fateh Ali Khan Tipu After the death of Hyder Ali, his son Sultan Fateh Ali Khan Tipu continued Jihad against the

British. The British formed an alliance with the Nizam of Hyderabad and Marhattas in 1799, and martyred Sultan

Tipu in the Battle of Mysore. With the death of Sultan Tipu, not only Mysore was occupied by the British, but

their authority began to expand to other areas also.

British Rule in Sindh, Punjab and NWFP.

By the mid of nineteenth century, the British had reached to the west of the Sub-continent. British

occupied Sindh in 1843, Punjab in 1849 followed by capture of North-West Frontier Province.

End of British Colonial Rule in India-1947. The inhabitants of Sub-continent tried to restore their freedom but

they had to face failure because of poor planning, lack of organization and limited resources. The rule of East India

Company finally came to an end in 1858 and the Sub-continent was given under the direct control of the British Crown. The

colonial rule of the British Government continued till 14th August 1947.

29

Class: 9th

/ Lesson No. 2

Textbook Q-10 Cabinet Mission Plan-1946 Background of the Plan.

Labour party came into power in Britain in 1945. Noticing the increasing political restlessness in India,

the British Prime Minister Lord Attlee sent a Cabinet Mission to India in March 1946.

Members of the Cabinet Mission

The Commission consisted of three British Cabinet Ministers.

1. Sir Stafford Cripps 2. Mr. A.V. Alexander 3. Lord Pethic Lawrence

Objectives of the Cabinet Mission This mission had two basic Objectives:

The first Objective: was to determine the Constitutional Status of India and the form of the Government.

The second Objective: was to bridge the gap between the Muslims and the Hindus and try to convince the Muslims to live

in the United India. But the General Elections proved that it was quite impossible.

Talk with Political leaders

The members of the Cabinet Mission held talks with different political leaders in the Sub-continent.

They exchanged their views with Governors and Chief Ministers. They found the views of Governor General too.

Determination of the Muslim League

Muslim League declared that the only solution to the issues was the partition of the Sub-continent and to creation of Pakistan.

Salient Features of the Cabinet Mission Plan-1946

1. Status of Sub-continent as a Union.

According to the Plan sub-continent should be a Union of many Provinces and

several states. The Union should deal with the subjects of (1) Defence (2) Foreign Affairs and (3) Communication.

The Union should have the powers to raise the finances.

2. Formation of Provincial Groups

The provinces of India were to form three groups:

Group A: Hindu majority provinces of Madras, Bombay (Mumbai), U.P, C.P, Bihar and Orissa.

Group B: Muslim majority Provinces like Punjab, North West Frontier Province (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa), Balochistan and

Sindh.

Group C: Bengal and Assam

Nature and Functions of Groups: It should be a Union of new nature forming Central organization,

Provincial Organization and Group Organization.

3. Elections of the Central Legislature

The members of the Provincial Assemblies will elect the Central Legislature. The Central Legislature will frame

the constitution for the whole of the country. After the Central Constitution is framed, all the three provincial groups

will prepare their own constitutions

4. Interim Government

An Interim Government would be set up immediately. This government will run the system till the constitution is

framed. All the ministers in the Interim Government will be local.

5. Separation from Union

If one or two provinces from the three groups of provinces decide to separate from the Union, they could do so but

after ten years. This point granted the right to the Muslim majority areas of group B and Group C to make Pakistan after ten years.

6. Veto Power

According to the plan if any political party dislikes the proposals of the Mission, it can veto it.

However that party could not join the Interim Government.

Final Conclusion & Comments on Proposals of Cabinet Mission.

The members of the Mission thought that as the demand of the Muslim League is not addressed in the Plan, the

League will reject the proposals. On the contrary, Mr. Jinnah initially accepted the proposals to form the Interim setup as

there was a chance of formation of Pakistan after 10 years as per clause no.5.

As a matter of fact the last clause of the ‘Veto power’ was added to appease the leaders of the Congress. Congress

accepted half of the Plan by rejecting the option given to the Groups to separate from the Union after 10 years.

The British Government deviated from its own principles and did not invited Muslim League to form the Interim

Government.

Quaid-e-Azam felt deeply grieved on the British decision and declared to observe Direct Action Day on August 16, 1946.

30

FFC MODEL SCHOOL – Faculty of Social Sciences- PAK. STUDIES / Class 9th

/ Lesson No.2

Q. Reaction of the Political parties to the Cabinet Mission Plan

1. Indian National Congress

As an immediate reaction, the politicians of Congress liked the cabinet Mission

Plan. Common members of Congress celebrated in streets and bazaars. Nehru said that Plan had buried the

Pakistan of Jinnah.

2. Muslim League

The members of Muslim League were frustrated. Quaid-e-Azam said, "I regret that the

Mission should have rejected the Muslim demand for the establishment of a complete sovereign state of

Pakistan, which we still hold is the only solution of the constitutional problem of India."

3. Final Decision of Quaid-e-Azam

Muslim League authorized Quaid-e-Azam to make final decision.

Quaid-e-Azam initially accepted the Cabinet Mission Plan.

4.Reaction of Quaid-e-Azam’s Decision

This made the Congress nervous. Now the workers of Muslim League

seemed to be happy while the workers of congress looked disappointed.

5. Statement of Quaid-e-Azam

Quaid-e-Azam gave the statement that if Plan is implemented, the Muslim

majority provinces, after 10 years, would have a chance to form a separate independent state. After long

deliberations, Congress announced to accept half of the Plan.

6. Quaid-e-Azam’s Demand for Implementation of the Plan

Quaid-e-Azam asked the Viceroy and member of the Mission to implement

the Plan as a whole because one of the a major party i.e., Muslim League had accepted it.

7. Government’s Decision

The Government backed out of its promise and did not agree to form the Interim Government

without Congress. The Government was frightened of the Congress, so the British deviated from principles.

8. Direct Action Day

Quaid-e-Azam felt deeply grieved at this breach of promise and he announced direct

action. Muslim League declared 16th August, 1946 to be observed as Direct Action Day.

The question on this topic is not given in the Textbook Exercise (From Misc. Board Questions)

31

FFC MODEL SCHOOL – Faculty of Social Sciences- PAK. STUDIES / Class 9th

/ Lesson No.2

Q. Comparison of Cripps Mission Plan and Cabinet Mission Plan

Proposals of the Cripps Mission Plan Proposals of the Cabinet Mission Plan

1. After the war, the Subcontinent will be under the

Crown but the British Government would avoid

interfering in internal as well as external affairs.

1. The Sub-continent should be a Union consisting of

many provinces and several states. A federation should be

formed. The Union should deal with the subjects of

Defence, foreign affairs and communications. The Union

should have the powers necessary to raise the finances

required for the above subjects. All subjects other than

the union subjects shall vest in the Provinces.

2. Defence Foreign Affairs, Communication etc. will be

handed over to the Indians.

2. The provinces of India were to form three groups:

Group A: Hindu majority provinces of Madras, Bombay

(Mumbai), U.P, C.P, Bihar and Orissa

Group B: Muslim majority Provinces like Punjab,

North West Frontier Province (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa),

and Sindh. Group C: Bengal and Assam.

It should be a Union of new nature forming

Central organization, Provincial Organization and Group

Organization.

3. The members of the Provincial Legislative

Assemblies will elect a Central Assembly for

Framing the constitution. After the Constitution is

framed it will be sent to all the provinces for

confirmation. The provinces which would not approve

the constitution would have the authority to establish

their independent status.

3. The members of the Provincial Assemblies will electthe Central Legislature. The Central Legislature will frame the constitution for the whole of the country. After the Central Constitution is framed, all the three provincial groups will prepare their own constitutions.

4. Appropriate steps will be taken for the security of the

minorities.

4. An Interim Government would be set up immediately.

This government will run the system till the constitution

is framed. The Interim Government will consist of the

representatives of major parties. All the ministers in the

Interim Government will be local

5. If one or two provinces from the three groups of

provinces decide to separate from the Union, they could

do so but after ten years.

6. The right to join the Interim Government will begiven to only that political party which accepts theproposals as a whole.

The question on this topic is not given in the Textbook Exercise (From Misc. Board Questions)

32

Comparative Analysis of the Two Plans

1. Cripps Mission was sent to India at the peak of World War II in 1942 whereas Cabinet Mission arrived

in India much after the end of World War II in 1946.

2. Cripps Mission was sent to India with only one member whereas Cabinet Mission arrived in India with

three Cabinet Ministers as its member.

3. Both the Missions had an outline of the future states. In Cripps Mission the provinces would not approve

the Constitutional authority to gain independent status while in Cabinet Mission a clear concept of

partition was present in the form of Groups A, B and C.

4. According to Cripps Mission the sub-continent was to be under the British Crown but Cabinet Mission

proposed the status of a Union for the sub-continent.

5. Mahatma Gandhi launched ‘Civil Disobedience’ and ‘Quit India’ movements after rejecting the Mission

whereas Quaid-e-Azam appealed the Muslims to observe Right Action Day after the Cabinet Mission.

6. Cripps Mission declared itself responsible for the failure of the Plan while Cabinet Mission blamed

political parties for the failure of the Plan.

33