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Pakistani DiasporasCulture, Conflict, and

Change

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Pakistani Diasporas Culture, Conflict,

and Change

edited by

VIRINDER S. KALRA

Oxford in Pakistan Readings inSociology and Social Anthropology

GENERAL EDITORALI KHAN

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Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DPOxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford.It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship,and education by publishing worldwide inOxford New YorkAuckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong KarachiKuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City NairobiNew Delhi Shanghai Taipei Torontowith offices inArgentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France GreeceGuatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal SingaporeSouth Korea Switzerland Turkey Ukraine VietnamOxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Pressin the UK and in certain other countries© Oxford University Press 2007The moral rights of the author have been assertedFirst published 2007All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated,stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press.Enquiries concerning reproduction should be sent toOxford University Press at the address below.This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by wayof trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold, hired out or otherwise circulatedwithout the publisher’s prior consent in any form of binding or coverother than that in which it is published and without a similar conditionincluding this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser.ISBN 978-0-19-547625-5

Typeset in Adobe Garamond ProPrinted in Pakistan by________________, Karachi.Published byAmeena Saiyid, Oxford University PressNo. 38, Sector 15, Korangi Industrial Area, PO Box 8214Karachi-74900, Pakistan.

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Foreword ixAcknowledgements xi

1. Introduction 1

PART ONE: LABOUR NARRATIVES 17

Working for Themby Basir Sultan Kasmi 19

2. The Political Economy of Migration: Pakistan, Britain, and the Middle East 21 by Roger Ballard 3. Controlling Diaspora: Illegality, 9/11, and Pakistani Labor Migration 51 by Junaid Rana 4. The Myth of Arrival: Pakistanis in Italy by Ali Nobil 75 5. ‘God don’t kill the traveller, grant their desire that their last breath be at home’: An Analysis of Pakhtun Migrants’ Tales 99 by Francis Watkins

PART TWO: GENDERED ACCOUNTS 119

Honey 121by Shamshad Khan

6. Kinship Obligations, Gender and the Life Course: Re-Writing Migration from Pakistan to Britain 125 by Kaveri Harris and Alison Shaw

Contents

7. Risk and Ritual: The Protection of British Pakistani Women in Transnational Marriage 154 by Katharine Charsley 8. ‘These girls want to get married as well’: Normality, Double Deviance and Reintegration amongst British Pakistani Women 181 by Marta Bolognani 9. Religion, Gender and Identity Construction amongst Pakistanis in Australia 201 by Nadeem Malik

PART THREE: TRANSFORMING RITUALS 223 Finding One’s Place 225by Basir Sultan Kasmi

10. Chains of Migrants: Culture, Value and the Housing Market by Pnina Werbner 227 11. Migration: Ritual Attrition or Increased Flexibility? A Case Study of Pakistani Funerals in Norway 253 by Cora Alexa Doving 12. Contesting Muslim Pilgrimage: British-Pakistani Identities, Sacred Journeys to Makkah and Madinah, and the Global Postmodernism 278 by Sean McLoughlin

PART FOUR: SHIFTING IDENTITIES 317

Meglomaniac 319by Shamshad Khan

13. Multiculturalism, Religion and Identity 321 by Munira Mirza 14. Multiculturalism, Islamaphobia and the City 335 by Tahir Abbas

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15. A Socio-economic and Cultural Perspective on Pakistanis in the Netherlands 352 by Waqas Butt 16. Pakistanis in the United States: From Integration to Alienation? 373 by Aminah Mohammad Arif

Notes on Contributors 396Bibliography 399Index 426

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