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PAKISTAN’S DISASTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
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PAKISTAN’S DISASTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
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• Pakistan’s Disaster Management System and handling of recent major disasters -
By Brig Kamran Zia, Member Operations NDMA
• Disaster Risk Reduction & Way Forward -
By Mr Idrees Mahsud, Director DRR, NDMA
• Case Study – Nullah Lai -
Mr Ahmed Kamal, Member DRR, NDMA
Sequence
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Disaster Context
IndiaIran
Afghanistan
China
Disputed Territory
Area - 790,000 sq Km
180 million people
Topographical and climatic contrasts
Variety of hazards
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Avalanche Land Slides
Floods – All types Earthquake
Hazards in Pakistan
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Forest / Urban Fires
Industrial / Transport Accidents
Tsunamis / Cyclones
Hazards in PakistanDrought
Epidemics
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Oil Spills
GLOF
Hazards in Pakistan
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Disaster Management
System in Pakistan
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Earthquake - 2005 Proved a Wake up Call
•HUMAN LOSS - 73,338
•INJURED - 1,28,309
•FAMILIES AFFECTED - 500,000
•HOUSES - 7,87,583
•EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTES - 1,1456
•HEALTH INSTITUTES - 782
•ROADS - 1,1963 KMs10
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• 2000 - Launch of United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR)
• 2005-2015 - Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA)• 2005 - Earthquake - Federal Relief Commission
(FRC) and ERRA
• 2006 - NDM Ordinance
• 2007 – Raising of NDMA
• 2010 – NDM Act
• 2012 / 2013 – DRR Policy and NDMP
Evolution of DM System
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• Limited policy level focus on disasters• Absence of sustainable institutional
arrangements to address complete spectrum of disasters
• Disaster management was viewed in complete isolation from the mainstream development
• Limited awareness and capacity among communities
• Funding issues for risk reduction, preparedness and response
Past Perspective & Realization
Past Perspective & Realization
Absence of hazard and risk assessment for informed planning
Absence of hazard resilient Infrastructure (particularly schools and housing)
Development insensitive to Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)
Lack of specialized search and rescue capacity (USAR)
Therefore a comprehensive & proactive
Disaster Management System was established through an Act of Parliament
Federal Level Provincial Level
PDMAs
NDRF
NDMC
DDMAs
NDMA
PDMCs
Stake Holders
NIDM
Corps ofVolunteers
Climate ChangeDivision
Disaster Management Structure
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Stakeholders – DM Structure
Armed Forces
PHF
Media
NHN Provinces
IFIs
Federal Ministers
UN / IOsDonors
NDMA
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NDMC Composition
Prime Minister - Chairperson
Leaders of Opposition in the Senate and National
Assembly
Ministers (Defence, Health, Foreign Affairs, Social
Welfare & Special Education, Communications,
Finance and Interior)
Governor Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (for FATA)
Provincial Chief Ministers including Gilgit-Baltistan16
NDMC Composition
Prime Minister AJ&K
Chairman JCSC
Civil Society Representatives
Co-opted Members- appointed by the Prime Minister
Chairman NDMA - Secretary
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Policy Formulation, Coordination, Implementation
and Monitoring of the whole Spectrum of Disaster
Management
NDMA’s Functions
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Disaster SpectrumDisaster
Rescue
Relief
Recovery
Rehabilitation
ReconstructionRisk Assessment
Prevention/Mitigation
Awareness and CapacityBuilding
Preparedness
Early Warning
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Major Disasters
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– Since its inception in 2007, Pakistan’s Disaster Management System has matured by handling a variety of disasters:-
• Cyclones: Yemyin-2007 & Phat-2010
• Earthquakes: Ziarat-2008, Dalbandeen-2010,
Maskhel and Awaran 2013
• Landslides / GLOF: Attabad-2010, Gyari 2012,
Chitral 2013
• Floods: 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013
We learnt valuable lessons during the process
Recent Disasters
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Floods
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• Inconsistent monsoon behavior – (Intensity,
Spatial & Temporal spread)
• Rising number of extreme climate events
• Increasing frequency of heavy downpours in
short time interval
• Marked shift in monsoon rainfall zone from NE to
NW
Climate Change Impacts
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Rainfall Shift
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Major Flood Events
Year Lost Lives(No)
Houses Damaged
Crop Area Damaged(Acres)
Flooded Areas
(Sq Kms)
Direct Loss (US $ Million)
2010 1,985 1,608,185 5,171,026 160,000 10,056
2011 516 999,388 2,177,072 27,581 3,730
2012 571 636,438 1,172,045 4,746 2,640
2013 234 76,450 1,457,209.25 7949 -
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• Monsoon induced flash floods affected
parts of country mainly Khyber
Pukhtunkhwa, FATA and Parts of
Balochistan
• All major rivers experienced flooding
• Urban Flooding in Karachi and Punjab
• Contingency plans were in place to
meet the disaster situation
Floods 2013
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• On 24 Sep’13, an earthquake of 7.7 magnitude, with depth of 10 km and epicenter 120 km SW of Khuzdar
• 11 after shocks of varying intensity
• On 28 Sep’13, second major earthquake of 7.2 magnitude, depth 47 km and epicenter 150 km SW of Khuzdar
EARTHQUAKE AWARAN - BALOCHISTAN
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• Area - 29,510 Sq Km
• Area affected - Tehsil Awaran, Mashkhai,
Hoshab
• Deaths - 376
• Injured - 824
• Population affected - 200,000
Impact
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Early Recovery
• Early Recovery Plan has been put in place
• Food Security, Shelter, Health, Water/ Sanitation,
Education, Livelihood, Agriculture/Irrigation,
Governance and Community / Services
Restoration catered for
• Provisioning of Food Items for a period of three
months for the affected population
• Issue of winterization kits55
Early Recovery
• Temp shelters for damaged facilities of Health,
Education, Governance
• Compensation Schedule for dead and injured
• The Provincial Government, with the support
of Federal Govt, is catering for livelihood and
Community / Services Restoration
• Plan for comprehensive rehab / reconstruction
- 30,000 two room units56
• Data gathering and information management – For planning and response
• Planning & Implementation capacity of DRM institutions
• Resource availability for DRR and preparedness• Weak implementation by provinces/regions /city
govts
• Camp management / Distribution of relief goods• Disregard for regulations / inadequacies of legal
framework
Gray Areas
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• Lack of capacity to handle : – Major Industrial Disasters– Major Urban Disasters– Large scale Pandemic / Epidemic
• Absence of dedicated Disaster Response Force and culture of Volunteerism
• Lack of community based awareness programmes
• Media sensitization
Gray Areas
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Choking of Waterways – Gujranwala Div
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Re-opening of Water ways along GT Road Kamoki
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RIVER INDUS
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The importance of shifting focus from Response to Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)
Lesson Learnt
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THANK YOU
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Shifting focus on DRR and
the Future Course
By M. Idrees Mahsud
Director (DRR), NDMA
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Formulated DRM Needs Report through
consultative process
Formulated National Disaster Risk Reduction
Policy 2012
Formulated National Disaster Management Plan
2012
DRR Initiatives
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National DRR PolicyGuiding Principles
1. Multi-Hazard Approach
2. Promoting Vulnerability and Risk Assessments as the Basis of DRR
3. Strengthening Community Participation and Capacity in DRR
4. Strengthening the resilience of vulnerable groups
5. Subsidiarity/ Strict and clearly defined division of roles
6. Promoting Inter-Organizational Partnerships
7. Accountability and Transparency 3 of 14
National DRR PolicyKey Objectives
1. Integrated national capacity to identify & monitor risks
2. Local level risk reduction capacity
3. Promoting resilient development planning
4. Resilience of key infrastructure and lifelines
5. Multi-hazard early warning capacity
6. National disaster preparedness and response capacity
7. DRR is systematically integrated into recovery and reconstruction
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Policy Interventions
A. Risk Knowledge
(i) Risk Atlas or Index at national level
(ii) Local/ District level Risk Assessments
(iii) Damage and Loss Data-base; and
(iv) Climate Change focused Research
5 of 14
…Policy InterventionsB. Prevention and Mitigation
(i) Local level DRR in high-risk
areas/communities
(ii) Promoting “Risk Conscious” & Resilient
Development
(iii) Resilient Key-Infrastructure and Life-Lines
(iv) Promoting Risk Awareness and Knowledge
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…Policy Interventions
C. Preparedness
(i) Multi-hazard EWS
(ii) Integrated national preparedness capacity
(iii) Disaster Risk Financing Mechanisms
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National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP) – 2012-22
• Addresses complete spectrum of disasters through
DRR Policies, Strategies, Measures and Actions of all
stake holders
• NDMP identifies key issues and envisages ten disaster
management priority areas to be implemented over next
ten years
• 118 interventions, 41 Strategies
• Estimated cost $1041 M
The Future Course
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NDMP Priority Areas (Aligned with HFA)
• Establish Institutional and Legal System for disaster management
• Prepare Disaster Management Plans at various levels
• Undertake National Hazard and Vulnerability Assessment
• Establish Multi-hazard Early Warning and Evacuation Systems
• Promotion of Training, Education and Awareness for DRM
• Awareness program on Disaster Risk Reduction at local level
• Infrastructure Development for disaster risk reduction
• Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction into Development
• Establish National Emergency Response System
• Capacity development for Post Disaster Recovery
The Future Course
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Main Volume • 10-year master plan for DM, based on historical &
scientific data collection and analysis, Macro-zonation, Hazard profiles of vulnerable districts
• DM measures defined for all hazards (Geological, meteorological, industrial, biological)
Human Resource Dev Plan (Volume-I)• Systematic development of HR capacity of the
DM System through strong institutional base for promoting DRM training, education, awareness & research – For govt and community
The Future Course
NDMP ( Salients - Component-wise)
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Multi Hazard Early Warning Sytem Plan (Volume-II)
• To reduce societal vulnerabilities to and risks involved with multiple disasters – including floods, GLOFs, landslides, droughts, tsunami, cyclones, epidemics.
• Strengthen weather forecasting , EWS and evacuation systems
Community Based DRM (Volume-III)• Formulation of strategies for local DRM activities
• Preparation of community-based DRM plans
The Future Course
NDMP ( Salients - Component-wise)
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Cost Implication
Component
Estimated Cost (Ten Yrs)
US$ (million) PKR (million)
Main Volume: NDMP 774.1 6,843.04
Volume-I HRD 64.3 568.41
Volume-II EWS 188.5 1,666.34
Volume-III CBDRM 14.00 123.73
Total Cost 1,040.90 9,201.52
Cost Implications and Interventions - NDMP
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Integrated Flood Management Plan – IV (Part of NDMP)
Structural measures Creation of water regulation mechanisms - spurs, dykes Rehabilitation, strengthening and improvement of existing flood protection infrastructure
Non structural Up-gradation and expansion of Flood Forecasting and Early Warning Systems / enhancement of Radar coverage Capacity building of flood management related organizations
Total Cost $ 600 M ($60 M per anum)
The Future Course
NDMP ( Salients - Component-wise)
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Capacity constraints of DM institutions (weak DDMAs)
Non availability of micro level risk assessments
Retrofitting of existing infrastructure for DRR
Impact of climate change phenomenon
Deficient weather forecasting capabilities
Inadequate early warning dissemination system Strengthening of national institute of disaster
management for research and training
Training and awareness of communities on DRM
Resource constraints
Issues and Challenges
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Thank You
StrategyApp. Cost
(Mn $)
Time Frame
Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021/2022
Intervention-1: Establish the Institutional and Legal System for Disaster Management
1. Establish and function disaster management organizations at national, provincial and district levels.
2.0
2. Formulate disaster management operation plans for relevant organizations. 0.2
3. Implement periodic meetings among the disaster management organizations to monitor the situations.
0.1
4. Implement drills and training of disaster management activities in the organizations to improve their capacities.
-
NDMP (Main Volume)
1 of 7
StrategyApp. Cost
(Mn $)
Time Frame
Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021/2022
Intervention-2: Prepare Disaster Management Plans at Various Levels
1.Formulate and update disaster management plans at national, provincial, district and community or TMA levels
1.0
2.Develop hazard specific contingency plans1.0
3.Develop sectoral disaster risk management operation in federal ministries, departments and authorities
1.0
NDMP (Main Volume)
2 of 7
StrategyApp. Cost
(Mn $)
Time Frame
Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 32012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021/2022
4.3 Intervention-3: Establish national hazard and vulnerability assessment
1.Conduct detailed multi–hazard vulnerability and risk analysis/assessments at national level
14.0
2.Conduct detailed multi–hazard vulnerability and risk analysis/assessments at local level
5.0
3.Conduct research and studies on impact of climate change on glaciers and ice cap
5.0
NDMP (Main Volume)
3 of 7
StrategyApp. Cost
(MN $)
Time Frame
Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021/2022
Intervention-7: Infrastructure Development for Disaster Risk Reduction
1. Develop schools, hospitals and other important public facilities safe against disasters
100.0
2. Protect important coastal facilities against disasters taking into account climate change
21.0
3. Enforce the building code in construction of buildings
10.0
4. Implement appropriate structural measures in flood prone areas taking into account comprehensive and integrated flood management plans
565.6
5. Enhance disaster risk management capacity in Urban areas.
11.0
NDMP (Main Volume)
4 of 7
StrategyApp. Cost
(Mn $)
Time Frame
Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021/2022
Intervention-8: Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction into Development
1. Establish disaster risk reduction policies in National Development Plan and National Poverty Reduction Strategy
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2. Set up sectoral guidelines on mainstreaming disaster risk reduction 1.0
3. Establish criteria to assess development projects from a risk reduction perspective 0.2
4. Improve technical capacity of federal and provincial governments to integrate risk reduction into development plans and programs
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NDMP (Main Volume)
5 of 7
StrategyApp. Cost
(Mn $)
Time Frame
Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 32012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021/2022
Intervention-9: Establish National Emergency Response System
1.Establish and strengthen warehouse or stockpiling system for storing food, medicine, relief supplies and rescue equipments at strategic locations
10.0
2.Enhance emergency response capacities, such as emergency operation centers, Civil Defence and urban search and rescue teams in major cities.
10.0
3.Establish a robust communication system and efficient transport and logistics mechanism to be used during emergency situations.
6.0
4.Develop and implement emergency response plans in relevant ministries and departments at federal, provincial and district levels
5.0
5.Establish National Disaster Management Fund to enable the federal government to organize emergency response effectively.
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NDMP (Main Volume)
6 of 7
StrategyApp. Cost
(Mn $)
Time Frame
Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021/2022
Intervention-10: Capacity Development for Post Disaster Recovery
1. Prepare guidelines for post disaster recovery programs and activities 1.0
2. Develop capacity of stakeholders in post disaster recovery 3.0
3. Develop system and methodology for recovery needs assessment 1.0
TOTAL COST (NDMP) = US$ 774.1 million
NDMP (Main Volume)
7 of 7
StrategyApp. Cost
(Mn $)
Time Frame
Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021/2022
Intervention-5: Promotion of training, education and awareness in relation to disaster management1. Develop NIDM (National Institute of Disaster Management) to promote human resource development in the field of disaster management.
20.7
2. Enhance the capacity of government agencies in charge of disaster management. 12.9
3. Promote mainstreaming DRR through capacity enhancement of governmental officers.
2.6
4. Develop the capacity of communities to cope with disasters. 26.2
5. Raise people's awareness of disaster management. 1.9
TOTAL COST (HRDP) = US $64.3 million
HRD Plan (Volume-I)
1 of 1
StrategyApp. Cost(Mn $)
Time Frame
Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021/2022
Intervention-4: Establish Multi-hazard Early Warning and Evacuation Systems
1.Strengthen forecasting and early warning systems 168.5
2.Prepare hazard maps at local scale in targeted locations 5.7
3.Strengthen early warning dissemination systems 3.1
4.Develop capacity of early warning and evacuation systems 11.2
TOTAL COST (MHEWSP) = US $188.5 million
MHEWS (Volume-II)
1 of 1
StrategyApp. Cost
(Mn $)
Time Frame
Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021/2022
Intervention-6: Strengthen awareness program on disaster risk reduction at local level1. Enhance knowledge on disasters management in the general public 1.0
2. Establish safe evacuation places in the case of disaster situation 10.0
3. Implement and disseminate CBDRM activities 1.0
4. Disseminate self help and mutual help efforts in disaster management 1.0
5. Establish disaster mitigation measures incorporated with existing development plan
1.0
TOTAL COST (CBDRM) = US $14 million
Instructor’s Guidelines on CBDRM (Volume-III)
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