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Palm Oil: A Preferred Healthy Dietary Choice
Kalyana Sundram, PhD Deputy Chief Executive Officer & Director, Science & Environment
Malaysian Palm Oil Council (MPOC)
Palm Kernel Oil (Oleochemical Applications & minor food applications)
Kernel
Mesocarp
Palm Oil Food & Non Food Application
The Diet-Heart Hypothesis
Ancel Keys
– Atherosclerosis is not part of the aging process
– Blood cholesterol levels predict heart disease
– Diet high in saturated fat content is a major risk factor for Coronary Heart Disease (CHD).
Soaring cardiac-mortality rates of the 1960s
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Africa Americas E Medit Europe SE Asia W Pacific
160%
Worldwide Prevalence of Diabetes Expected to Increase World Health Organization, 2000 vs 2030
World Health Organization. www.who.org
Dia
bete
s P
revale
nce
(in
million
s)
102%
180% 44%
155%
99%
Diabetes prevalence
~171 million in 2000
~366 million in 2030
2000
2030
Dietary fat composition: by fatty acids
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Fatty Acids, %
16:0
AAD 34%en 15:12:7 P/S 0.4
Coco PKO MilkF CoaBut Tallow Pstear Palm pOle Lard Chick Olive hiOsun Canola Soyb Corn Saff
18:0
C18:1
18:2
18:3
t18:1
10:0 6:0+ 8:0
12:0
14:0
16:1
saturated fats unsaturated fats
Increase HDL2-C significantly when replaced by palm oil.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
mm
ol/l
SerumTC
VLDL IDL LDL
InitialPalm OilControl
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
mm
ol/l
HDL1 HDL2 HDL3
InitialPalm OilControl
Sundram K, Hornstra G, et al. (1992). Replacement of dietary fat with palm oil: effect on human serum lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins.
Br J Nutr. 68(3):677-92.
0
1
2
3
4
5
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n (
mm
ol/
L)
TC LDL-C HDL-C L/H
Effect of Dietary Palmitate and LM on Serum Lipids &
Lipoproteins
12:0+14:0 16:0
Sundram et al. AJCN 1994
Palm Olein and MUFA-rich Oils exert similar effects on the ratio of Total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol (TC/HDL-C) in human subjects
Ascherio A et al. N Engl J Med 1999;340:1994-1998
Results of Randomized Studies of the Effects of a Diet High in Trans Fatty Acids (Circles) or Saturated Fatty Acids (Squares) on the Ratio of LDL Cholesterol to HDL Cholesterol
cis18:1 32%en 10:17:5 P/S 0.5
16:0 32%en 14:14:4 P/S 0.3
12:0+14:0 33%en 17:10:6 P/S 0.4
trans 18:1 31%en
7:11/7:6 P/S 0.8
0255075
100125150175200225
cis18:1 32%en 10:17:5 P/S 0.5
16:0 32%en 14:14:4 P/S 0.3
12:0+14:0 33%en 17:10:6 P/S 0.4
trans 18:1 31%en
7:11/7:6 P/S 0.8
Pla
sma
cho
lest
ero
l(m
g/d
l)
COMPARISON BETWEEN cis 18:1, 16:0, 12:0+14:0, AND trans 18:1 IN NORMOLIPEMIC HUMANS
186
49
189 201*
VLDL
LDL
HDL
123
49
Sundram et al. J.Nutr.127:514s,1997
>2.6 >2.6 >3.7*
124
46
204*
139*
149*
41*
> 3.1*
FIG 6
Moderator Dennis Bier, M.D.
Professor of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine Participants
Margo A. Denke, M.D. Clinical Professor of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio
Joseph Judd, Ph. D. Former Research Leader, Diet and Human Performance Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition
Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service Richard O’Brien
Industry Consultant, Author, “Fats and Oils Formulating and Processing for Applications” Fran Seligson, Ph. D.
Independent consultant and Associate Professor in the Nutrition Department at Penn State Howard Weintraub, M.D.
Co-Clinical Director, Lipid Treatment and Research Center, New York University Medical Center, Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine
HUMAN LIPOPROTEIN RESPONSE TO SHIFTS BETWEEN SFAs, MUFAs, and PUFAs
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200 177
100
48
173 176
VLDL
LDL
56* HDL
95 94
48
Sundram et al. J.Nutr.Biochem. 6:179,1995
>2.1 >2.0 >1.7*
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Pe
rce
nt
en
erg
y
DIETARY FATTY ACIDS SERUM CHOLESTEROL
POL 31%EN 13:14:4 P/S 0.3
CAN 31%EN 6:17:8 P/S 1.3
AHA 30%EN 10:13:8 P/S 0.8
POL CAN AHA
18:3
18:2
18:1
18:0
16:0
SMART BALANCE FAMILY OF FOODS
Based on the Patents (Sundram et al. )
and the Brand name SMART BALANCE, a US public listed company has
paid US$465 million to acquire this business.
Palm oil thus ticks even in the most sophisticated
markets!
Saturated Fatty Acids - Revisited
17
RRs for coronary outcomes in prospective cohort studies of circulating saturated fatty acid composition
Chowdhury et al., Ann Intern Med. 2014;160:398-406. doi: 10.7326/M13-1788
Carotene and Vitamin E Composition
Carotene (1000 ppm)
* 30% alpha carotene
* 60% beta carotene
* 1% lycopene
* 9% others
Vitamin E (500 ppm)
* 70% tocotrienols
* 30% tocopherols
• Red palm oil rich in pro-vitamin A carotene used successfully to overcome night blindness • Carotenes are potent antioxidants. Palm carotenes should protect against oxidative damage in diabetics as well!
O
HO
CH3
R2 CH3
CH3CH3CH3
R1
1 1'4' 8' 12'
34
6
8
R1 R2
a-Tocopherol CH3 CH3 g-Tocopherol H CH3 b-Tocopherol CH3 H d-Tocopherol H H
O
HO
CH3
R2 CH3
CH3CH3CH3
R1
1 1'4' 8' 12'
34
6
8
R1 R2
a-Tocotrienol CH3 CH3 g-Tocotrienol H CH3 b-Tocotrienol CH3 H d-Tocotreinol H H
Vitamin E
Tocotrienols & Tocopherols
En
do
thel
ial C
ells
A
dh
esio
n
Mo
lecu
les
LDL Particles
Oxidized LDL
Sm
oo
th M
usc
le C
ells
Monocytes
Oxidized LDL
Uptake by
Macrophage
Foam Cells
Bloodstream Artery Wall
g-Tocotrienol
g-Tocotrienol
g-Tocotrienol
g-Tocotrienol
g-Tocotrienol and
Atherosclerosis
Saturated Fats & Palm Oil Current Evidence Revisited
The assumption that saturated fat at ANY level of intake is deleterious is no longer supported by scientific evidence
Variations in human genetics, lifestage and lifestyles lead to variations in responses to diet, including saturated fat
Specific saturated fats at appropriate intakes for overall good health and nutrition is the future of diet and health
It is time to put the saturated-fat heart disease hypothesis to bed and seek real scientific evidence
for heart disease risk!
Palm Oil will benefit from this movement
Low Fat, High Carbohydrate Diets contribute to obesity
burden and are not the healthy alternative
MALAYSIAN PALM OIL COUNCIL
www.mpoc.org.my
THANK YOU
