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21/06/2017
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PAM Northern Chapter Seminar17 June 2017
1CONFIDENTIAL Lee Ho Aik [email protected] or [email protected] 012 3224557 or 016 2061994
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Reasons for energy saving
UBBL Clause 38A
Fire safety of Insulation
material
Fire compartment
CONFIDENTIAL Lee Ho Aik [email protected] or [email protected] 012 3224557 or 016 2061994
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1REASON for ENERGY SAVING
CONFIDENTIAL Lee Ho Aik [email protected] or [email protected] 012 3224557 or 016 2061994
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We spend up to 90% of our time indoorsLiving, working, learning and playing
PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL HOURS OF THE DAY
WOMENMEN
64%
2%
16%
3%
1%6% 8%
71%1%
11%
4%
1%
5%7%
Home
Weekend house
Working place or school
Other people's home
Restaurant, café or pub,
Travelling
Other unspecifieslocation
Source: 2004 European commission , Eurostat survey , How Europeans spend their time in everyday life of women and men*-aged 20-74
CONFIDENTIAL Lee Ho Aik [email protected] or [email protected] 012 3224557 or 016 2061994
Source : st.gobain
21/06/2017
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Thermal ComfortSource : www.laeven.net
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UBBL
Source : malaymailonline
Source buildingonpurpose.org
Cost Saving
Reduce Carbon Footprint
Source : climate generation
CONFIDENTIAL Lee Ho Aik [email protected] or [email protected] 012 3224557 or 016 2061994
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2UBBL CLAUSE
38 A
CONFIDENTIAL Lee Ho Aik [email protected] or [email protected] 012 3224557 or 016 2061994
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� UBBL Clause 38A 1.New or renovated non-residential buildings with air-conditioned space exceeding 4,000 m2S shall be :
� a. designed to meet the requirements of MS 1525 with regards to Overall Thermal transfer Value (OTTV) and Roof Thermal Transfer value (RTTV)
� b. provided with an energy Management system
UBBL CLAUSE 38A
� UBBL Clause 38A 2The roof for all buildings (residential and non residential) shall not have a thermal transmittance (U Value) greater than :
� a. 0.4 W/m2K for light weight roof ( under 50 kg/m2)
� b. 0.6 W/m2K for heavy weight roof ( over 50 kg/m2)
CONFIDENTIAL Lee Ho Aik [email protected] or [email protected] 012 3224557 or 016 2061994
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MS 1525 : RTTV
� Roof Thermal Transfer Value (RTTV)The design parameter that indicates the solar thermal load transmitted through the roof where the roof is provided with skylight.
5.5.1 Maximum thermal transmittance U Value of roof
Roof Weight Group Maximum U Value W/m2KLight (< 50 kg/m2) 0.40Heavy (> 50 kg/m2) 0.60
5.5.3 If the roof area is shaded from direct solar radiation by ventilated external shading device e.g. double ventilated roof, the roof U value may be increased by 50%.
5.5.4 If reflective treatments are used on external roof surface where solar reflectivity is ≥ 0.7 and the treated surface is free from algae growth, the U value may be increased by 50%.
5.6.2 For roof with skylights, the maximum recommended RTTV is 25 W/m2 in addition to the requirement of 5.5.1
Only applies for air-conditioned building
CONFIDENTIAL Lee Ho Aik [email protected] or [email protected] 012 3224557 or 016 2061994
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MS 1525 : RTTV
� Roof Thermal Transfer Value (RTTV)The design parameter that indicates the solar thermal load transmitted through the roof where the roof is provided with skylight.
5.5.1 Maximum thermal transmittance U Value of roof
Roof Weight Group Maximum U Value W/m2KLight (< 50 kg/m2) 0.40Heavy (> 50 kg/m2) 0.60
5.5.3 If the roof area is shaded from direct solar radiation by ventilated external shading device e.g. double ventilated roof, the roof U value may be increased by 50%.
5.5.4 If reflective treatments are used on external roof surface where solar reflectivity is ≥ 0.7 and the treated surface is free from algae growth, the U value may be increased by 50%.
5.6.2 For roof with skylights, the maximum recommended RTTV is 25 W/m2 in addition to the requirement of 5.5.1
Only applies for air-conditioned building
CONFIDENTIAL Lee Ho Aik [email protected] or [email protected] 012 3224557 or 016 2061994
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HEAT LOSS or HEAT GAIN
� HEAT LOSS� Cold Climate� Highlands
Source : smart home vision
� HEAT GAIN� Tropical / Hot Climate� Lowlands
Source : smart home vision
CONFIDENTIAL Lee Ho Aik [email protected] or [email protected] 012 3224557 or 016 2061994
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RTTV & U VALUE
� Roof Assembly/Build-up� Type of materials of roof assembly/build up� Thickness� Air Space� Water absorption of materials� Fire safety of materials
CRITERIA
CONFIDENTIAL Lee Ho Aik [email protected] or [email protected] 012 3224557 or 016 2061994
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ROOF ASSEMBLY / BUILD-UP
ROOFBUILD-UP
Surface deck material : type & thickness
Bottom deck material : type & thickness
Inner Core
Insulation material : type & thickness
Air space (if applicable)
Foil material (if any) : type & thickness
Vapour control layer (if any) : type & thickness
Other materials (if any) : type & thickness
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� Thermal Conductivity, K value λThermal conductivity is the amount of energy (heat flow) that passes a material with thickness of 1 m, size of 1 m2 and temperature difference on both sides of the material of 10Cλ K value measured in W/mK
� Thermal Transmittance, U valueThermal transmittance is the rate of transfer of heat (in watt) through 1 m2 of material or structure divided by the difference in temperature across the material or structureU value = 1 / R – measured in W/m2K
� Thermal Resistance, R valueThermal resistance is the measurement of temperature difference, at steady state, between 2 defined surfaces of a material or structure through a unit area, in which the material resist heat flow.R value = t / λ (t / K) - measured in m2K/W where t is thickness
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY (K value)THERMAL RESISTANCE (R value)THERMAL TRANSMITTANCE (U value)
CONFIDENTIAL Lee Ho Aik [email protected] or [email protected] 012 3224557 or 016 2061994
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� Thermal Conductivity (K value), W/mKK value (λ)Lower the better
� Thermal Transmittance (U value), W/m2KU value = 1 ÷ Thermal Resistance (1 / R value)Lower the better
� Thermal Resistance (R value), m2K/WR value = thickness ÷ thermal conductivity (t / K value)Higher the better
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY (K value)THERMAL RESISTANCE (R value)THERMAL TRANSMITTANCE (U value)
CONFIDENTIAL Lee Ho Aik [email protected] or [email protected] 012 3224557 or 016 2061994
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� Change in product > change in R value & U Value
PIR Foam 50 mm, K value is 0.022 W/mKR value = 0.05 ÷ 0.022 = 2.273 m2K/WU Value = 1 ÷ 2.273 = 0.44 W/m2K Mineral wool 50 mm, K value is 0.034 W/mK
R value = 0.05 ÷ 0.034 = 1.470 m2K/WU Value = 1 ÷ 1.470 = 0.68 W/m2K
� Compression changes the thicknessChange in thickness > change in R value & U Value
Mineral wool K value is 0.034 W/mK for 50 mm (0.05 m)R value = 0.05 ÷ 0.034 = 1.47 m2K/WU Value = 1 ÷ 1.47 = 0.68 W/m2K Compression > Thickness 50 mm > 20 mm
R value = 0.02 ÷ 0.034 = 0.588 m2K/WU Value = 1 ÷ 0.588 = 1.70 W/m2K
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY (K value)THERMAL RESISTANCE (R value)THERMAL TRANSMITTANCE (U value)
CONFIDENTIAL Lee Ho Aik [email protected] or [email protected] 012 3224557 or 016 2061994
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� Moisture or leakage caused insulation materials to be saturated with water> Change in thermal conductivity> Change in R value & U Value
Leakage – water K value is 0.60 W/mK
R value = 0.05 ÷ 0.60 = 0.083 m2K/WU Value = 1 ÷ 0.083 = 12.05 W/m2K
Mineral wool K value is 0.036 W/mKThickness 50 mm (0.05 m)R value = 0.05 ÷ 0.034 = 1.47 m2K/WU Value = 1 ÷ 1.47 = 0.68 W/m2K
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY (K value)THERMAL RESISTANCE (R value)THERMAL TRANSMITTANCE (U value)
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EFFECT of WATER ABSORPTION
Degeneration of roof framing
High water absorption insulation material
• Corrode the steel framing
– rust can breed tetanus & inhalation of rust particles can cause
lung injury.
• Cause timber frame to decay
– promote growth of fungi and mold.
Growth of fungi and mould
• High water absorption insulation material would promote growth of fungi and mold
CONFIDENTIAL Lee Ho Aik [email protected] or [email protected] 012 3224557 or 016 2061994
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5. Thermal Resistance5.2 Surface Resistance
1. Surface resistances apply to surfaces in contact with air.
2. Surfaces in contact with another material has no surface resistance
Surface Resistance Direction of Heat Flow
m2K/W Upwards Horizontal Downwards
RSE 0.04 0.04 0.04
RSI 0.10 0.10 0.17
ISO 6946
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5. Thermal Resistance
5.3 Thermal Resistance of Air Layers
Values apply to air layer which :
• Bounded by 2 faces that are effectively parallel and perpendicular to the direction of heat flow and that have
emissivity not less than 0.8.
• Has thickness (in the direction of heat flow) of less than 0.1 times of each one of the other 2 dimensions and not
greater than 0.3 m
• Has no air interchange with the internal environment.
Thickness of air layerThermal Resistance m2K/W
Direction of Heat Flow
mm Upwards Horizontal Downwards
0
5
7
10
15
25
50
100
300
0.00
0.11
0.13
0.15
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.00
0.11
0.13
0.15
0.17
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.00
0.11
0.13
0.15
0.17
0.19
0.21
0.22
0.23
ISO 6946
CONFIDENTIAL Lee Ho Aik [email protected] or [email protected] 012 3224557 or 016 2061994
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5. Thermal Resistance5.4 Thermal Resistance of Unheated Spaces
Roof spaces – for a roof structure consisting of a flat, uninsulated ceiling and pitch roof, the roof space
may be regarded as if it were a thermally homogeneous layer with a thermal resistance as given in the
following table.
Characteristic of RoofRU
m2K/W
Tiled roof with no felt, boards or similar 0.06
Sheeted roof or tiled roof with felt or boards or similar under the
tiles0.2
As above but with aluminium cladding or other low emissivity
surface at underside of roof0.3
Roof lined with boards and felt 0.3
NOTE : The values in this table include thermal resistance of ventilated space and of the
(pitched) rood construction. They exclude the external surface resistance RSE.
ISO 6946
CONFIDENTIAL Lee Ho Aik [email protected] or [email protected] 012 3224557 or 016 2061994
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BRE 443
3.10. Reflective Foil Products
3.10.1 Bubble sheet with aluminium foil facingThe thermal resistance (R value) of bubble sheet with foil facings consists of the resistance of the bubble sheet
and the resistance of air spaces on either one side of it or both sides where the resistance of air space(s) takes
account of the emissivity of the surfaces.
3.10.2 Multi-foil insulationMulti-foil insulation comprises products that consists of several layers of foil separated by other materials.
They are intended for applications with an air space on either side and the overall thermal performance includes
the effect of low emissivity surfaces facing these air spaces
4.8. Airspace Resistance
4.8.2 Unventilated airspaces, low emissivity surface
Low emissivity surface (e.g. aluminium foil) has no effect on the U value if not adjacent to an air space in the
construction.
CONFIDENTIAL Lee Ho Aik [email protected] or [email protected] 012 3224557 or 016 2061994
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BRE 443
For tiled faced products, with the foil adjacent to an unventilated airspace of
width at least 25 mm, the thermal resistance of the airspace may be taken as :
Low emissivity surface, heat flow horizontal (wall) 0.44 m2K/W
Low emissivity surface, heat flow upwards (roof) 0.34 m2K/W
Low emissivity surface, heat flow downwards (floor) 0.50 m2K/W
4.8. Airspace Resistance
4.8.2 Unventilated airspaces, low emissivity surface
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Unhindered air space
Aluminium foil Reflective facing down
HEAT
Unhindered air space
Aluminium foil
Reflective facing UP
HEAT
Minimise Heat Gain
Increase Heat Gain
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Unhindered space
Aluminium foileffective
Aluminium foilNOT effective
Metal Roof
Aluminium foilNOT effective
ROCKWOOL Insulation
Metal Roof
BRE 443 4.8.2 Unventilated airspaces, low emissivity surface
Low emissivity surface (e.g. aluminium foil) has no effect on the U value if not adjacent to an air space in the construction.
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Aluminium foil
50 mm air space
50 mm air space
HEAT
Thermocouple
Aluminium foil
HEAT
Thermocouple
A test report indicated that configuration/build up of
50 mm air gap + aluminium foil + 50 mm air gap
would achieve a R value of 2.294 m2K/W.
Different build up would NOT achieve this R value.
CONFIDENTIAL Lee Ho Aik [email protected] or [email protected] 012 3224557 or 016 2061994
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Aluminium foil
Metal Roof
100 mm air spaceAluminium foil
Metal Roof
50 mm air space
50 mm air space
A test report build up to achieve a
R value of 2.294 m2K/W.
Different build up would NOT achieve
R value of 2.294 m2K/W
CONFIDENTIAL Lee Ho Aik [email protected] or [email protected] 012 3224557 or 016 2061994
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Bubble foil
HEAT
Thermocouple
Bubble foil
40 mm air space
50 mm air space
HEAT
Thermocouple
50 mm air space
Bubble foil
A test report indicated that configuration/build up of 40 mm air gap +
bubble foil + 50 mm air gap + bubble foil + 50 mm air gap would
achieve a R value of 3.659 m2K/W.
Different build up would NOT achieve this R value.
CONFIDENTIAL Lee Ho Aik [email protected] or [email protected] 012 3224557 or 016 2061994
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Bubble foil
Metal Roof
Bubble foil
Metal Roof
BRE 443
3.10.2 Multi-foil insulationMulti-foil insulation comprises products that consists of several layers of foil separated by other
materials.
They are intended for applications with an air space on either side and the overall thermal performance
includes the effect of low emissivity surfaces facing these air spaces
A test report build up to achieve a
R value of 3.659 m2K/W.
Different build up would NOT achieve
R value of 3.659 m2K/W
Bubble foil
Metal Roof
Bubble foil
40 mm air space
50 mm air space
50 mm air space
CONFIDENTIAL Lee Ho Aik [email protected] or [email protected] 012 3224557 or 016 2061994
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THERMAL BRIDGING
Thermal Bridging is an area of an object or structure which has a significantly higher heat transfer than the surrounding materials resulting in an overall reduction in thermal insulation of the object or structure.
DISCONTINUE / GAPS
PENETRATION
CONFIDENTIAL Lee Ho Aik [email protected] or [email protected] 012 3224557 or 016 2061994
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DECOUPLED ASSEMBLY TO MINIMISE THERMAL BRIDGING
Thermal Bridging has an effect of up to 20% of the R value and U value of metal deck roofing
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CALCULATION OF ROOF U VALUE
ROOFBUILD-UP
Surface Deck
Bottom Deck
Inner Core
RSE External Surface Resistance
RSI Internal Surface Resistance
R6 value of insulation material
R4 value of air space (if applicable)
R1 value of surface deck material
R7 value of bottom deck material
R2 value of foil material (if applicable)
R3 value of vapour control layer (if applicable)
R5 value of other material (if applicable)
1UTOTAL =
RSE + R1 + R2 + R3 + RQ + RSI
CONFIDENTIAL Lee Ho Aik [email protected] or [email protected] 012 3224557 or 016 2061994
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UBBL Clause 38A 2 - 0.60 W/m2K
RC FLAT ROOF – THERMAL PERFORMANCE U VALUE
NOT
INSULATEDINSULATED
K valueW/mK
R valuem2K/W
R valuem2K/W
External Surface Resistance RSE 0.040 0.040
Screed 25 mm 1.15 0.022 0.022
Weather proofing layer 0.23 0.022 0.022
PIR Foam 30 mm 0.022 1.364
Vapour control layer (bitumen) 5 mm 0.23 0.022 0.022
Reinforced Concrete 1% steel 150 mm 2.3 0.065 0.065
Internal Surface Resistance RSI 0.170 0.170
TOTAL 0.341 1.705
U value W/m2K 2.93 0.59
CONFIDENTIAL Lee Ho Aik [email protected] or [email protected] 012 3224557 or 016 2061994
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RC FLAT ROOF – THERMAL PERFORMANCE U VALUE
NOT
INSULATEDINSULATED
K valueW/mK
R valuem2K/W
R valuem2K/W
External Surface Resistance RSE 0.040 0.040
Screed 25 mm 1.15 0.022 0.022
Fibre Cement board 9.0 mm 0.30 0.030
ROCKWOOL 160 kg/m3 50 mm 0.034 1.470
Vapour control layer (bitumen) 0.23 0.022 0.022
Reinforced Concrete 1% steel 150 mm 2.3 0.065 0.065
Internal Surface Resistance RSI 0.170 0.170
TOTAL 0.319 1.789
U value W/m2K 3.13 0.55
UBBL Clause 38A 2 - 0.60 W/m2K
CONFIDENTIAL Lee Ho Aik [email protected] or [email protected] 012 3224557 or 016 2061994
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RC FLAT ROOF – THERMAL PERFORMANCE U VALUE
NOT
INSULATEDINSULATED
K valueW/mK
R valuem2K/W
R valuem2K/W
External Surface Resistance RSE 0.040 0.040
Screed 25 mm 1.15 0.022 0.022
PIR Foam 30 mm 0.022 1.364
Vapour control layer (bitumen) 5 mm 0.23 0.022 0.022
Reinforced Concrete 1% steel 125 mm 2.3 0.054 0.054
Lysaght Bondek 1.0 mm 45 0.000 0.000
Internal Surface Resistance RSI 0.170 0.170
TOTAL 0.308 1.672
U value W/m2K 3.25 0.60
UBBL Clause 38A 2 - 0.60 W/m2K
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FLAT ROOF – THERMAL PERFORMANCE U VALUE
NOT
INSULATEDINSULATED
K valueW/mK
R valuem2K/W
R valuem2K/W
External Surface Resistance RSE 0.040 0.040
TPO Membrane 1.52 mm 0.029 0.052
Fibre Cement board 9.0 mm 0.30 0.03
ROCKWOOL 160 kg/m3 100 mm 0.034 2.941
Bluescope Lysaght 0.52 m TCT 45 0.000 0.000
Internal Surface Resistance RSI 0.170 0.170
TOTAL 0.210 3.151
U value W/m2K 4.76 0.32
UBBL Clause 38A 2 - 0.40 W/m2K
CONFIDENTIAL Lee Ho Aik [email protected] or [email protected] 012 3224557 or 016 2061994
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RC FLAT ROOF – THERMAL PERFORMANCE U VALUE
NOT
INSULATEDINSULATED
K valueW/mK
R valuem2K/W
R valuem2K/W
External Surface Resistance RSE 0.040 0.040
Screed 25 mm 1.15 0.022 0.022
Weather Proofing Layer 0.23 0.022 0.022
Reinforced Concrete 1% steel 150 mm 2.3 0.065 0.065
ROCKWOOL 60kg/m3 50 mm 0.034 1.471
Internal Surface Resistance RSI 0.170 0.170
TOTAL 0.319 1.790
U value W/m2K 3.13 0.56
UBBL Clause 38A 2 - 0.60 W/m2K
CONFIDENTIAL Lee Ho Aik [email protected] or [email protected] 012 3224557 or 016 2061994
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NOT
INSULATEDINSULATED
THERMAL
BRIDGE
K valueW/mK
R valuem2K/W
R valuem2K/W
External Surface Resistance RSE 0.04 0.04
Lysaght Standing Seam 0.8 mm TCT 45.3 0.00 0.00
ROCKWOOL 40kg/m3 75 mm
Rafter 1200 mm centres0.036 n.a 2.083
Internal Surface Resistance RSI 0.17 0.17
TOTAL 0.210 2.293 2.02
U value W/m2K 4.76 0.44 0.50
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SINGLE SKIN METAL DECK - THERMAL PERFORMANCE U VALUE
UBBL Clause 38A 2 - 0.40 W/m2K
CONFIDENTIAL Lee Ho Aik [email protected] or [email protected] 012 3224557 or 016 2061994
NOT
INSULATEDINSULATED
K valueW/mK
R valuem2K/W
R valuem2K/W
External Surface Resistance RSE 0.04 0.04
Lysaght Standing Seam 0.6 mm TCT 45.3 0.00 0.00
ROCKWOOL 40kg/m3 100 mm
Rafter 1200 mm centres0.036 n.a 2.778
Internal Surface Resistance RSI 0.17 0.17
TOTAL 0.210 2.99
U value W/m2K 4.76 0.33
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SINGLE SKIN METAL DECK - THERMAL PERFORMANCE U VALUE
THERMAL
BRIDGE
R valuem2K/W
2.62
0.38
UBBL Clause 38A 2 - 0.40 W/m2K
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3FIRE SAFETY OF INSULATION MATEIALS
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Insipient/Ignition – combustion begins
Growth – flaming combustion of an item, spread of fire
Flashover – condition in compartment changes to combustion/ignition of all exposed surface
Fully developed – all items/materials in compartment are alighted, maximum heat release
Decay – gradual decrease of fire due to decrease in fuel
Source : FirePoint Joseph M Ellington
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Test Standards
BS 476Fire test on building materials and structures
Part 4Non-combustibility test for materials preheated to 750OC
In UBBL – often mentioned about non-combustible materials
For homogeneous materials
E.g. fibre cement board, PU/PIR foam, glasswool, stonewool
REACTION TO FIRE
CONFIDENTIAL Lee Ho Aik [email protected] or [email protected] 012 3224557 or 016 2061994
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Test Standards
BS 476
Fire test on building materials and structures
Part 6
Method of test for fire propagation for products
Part 7
Method of test to determine the classification of surface spread of flame.
Current Situation - Class “O”
For non-homogeneous materials
E.g. plasterboard, aluminium foil, bubble foil
Can be easily achieved
E.g. add in metal layer, fire retardant coating, etc
REACTION TO FIRE
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REACTION TO FIRETest standards
EN 13501 Part 1Fire classification of construction products and building elements.
Classification using test data from reaction to fire tests.
EN ISO 1182Non-combustibility test preheated to 750OC
EN ISO 1716Determination of the burning behaviour using a radiant heat source (gross heat of combustion –
calorific value)
EN ISO 11925 part 2Ignitability of building products subjected to direct impingement of flame
Part 2 single flame source test edge flame attack 30s exposure no flame spread >150 mm
vertically from point of application of test flame within 60s from time of application
EN 13823Building products excluding floorings exposed to the thermal attack by a single burning item.
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TEST STANDARDS
Difference betweenBS 476 Part 4 v EN 13501 Part 1
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EN 13501-1 Classification & Calorific Potential (Fuel Load)
TYPECalorific potential
kJ/kg
En 13501-1
Classification
Petrol 42,000 F
Aluminium/Bubble Foil (LDPE backing) 40,3001 E-F
Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) 40,1802 E-F
Extruded Polystyrene (XPS) 40,1802 E-F
Polyisocyanurate (PIR) Foam 24,0001 C-D
Polyurethane (PU) Foam 23,0402 D-E
Glasswool <1,000 A1-A2
ROCKWOOL <1,000 A1
1 2005 study – US Department of Transportation & Federal Aviation Administration2 2014 study – Heat Flux Effect of common thermal insulation materials
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Asphyxiant Gases
Make you suffocate
Causes incapacitation
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon Dioxide
Hydrogen Cyanide
Irritant Gases
Irritate eyes, nose and throat
Hydrogen Chloride
Nitrogen Oxides
Formalydehyde
Phenol, etc
Why Should we be concern about smoke?Type of Gases
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FIRE TOXICITY
2011 study – Centre For Fire and Hazard Science : University of Central Lanchasire
CONFIDENTIAL Lee Ho Aik [email protected] or [email protected] 012 3224557 or 016 2061994
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75% of all fire deaths are caused by smoke inhalationSource: Hall, Jr. John R. NFPA Fire Analysis & Research, Quincy, MA. “Burns, Toxic Gases,
and other Hazards”.
Approximately 57% of people killed in fires are not in the room of the
fire’s originSource: NFPA Fire Protection Handbook, 18th Ed. Table 1-1P. Pg. 1-15.
Visibility - 47% of survivors caught in a fire could not see more than 3.5mSource: NFPA Fire Protection Handbook, 18th Ed. Table 8-1P. Pg. 8-17
Smoke travels 36m-146m per minute under fire conditionsSource: Estimate based upon ceiling jet velocity calculations for typical ceiling heights and
heat release rates.
Why Should we be concern about smoke?
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4FIRE COMPARTMENT
CONFIDENTIAL Lee Ho Aik [email protected] or [email protected] 012 3224557 or 016 2061994
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PART DESCRIPTION
VII BY LAWS 133 – 224 : Fire Requirement
VIII By Laws 225 – 253 A : Fire Detection, Fire Alarm and Fire Extinguishment
UBBL PART VII - VIII
BY LAWS DESCRIPTION
133 Interpretation
134 Designation of purpose Group
136 Provision of compartment walls & compartment floors
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UBBL PART VII - FIRE REQUIREMENT
FIFTH SCHEDULE designation of purpose group & dimension of buildings & compartments By laws 134 & 136
PURPOSE GROUP BUILDING HEIGHT FLOOR AREA m2 CUBIC CAPACITY m3
Part I – Buildings other than single storey buildings
I Small Residential N/A N/A N/A
II Institutional Any height 2,000 No limit
III Other residential Not exceeding 28 m 3,000 8,500
Exceeding 28 m 2,000 5,500
IV Office N/A N/A N/A
V SHOP Any height 2,000 7,000
VI FACTORY Not exceeding 28 m No limit 28,000
Exceeding 28 m 2,000 5,500
VII Place of Assembly N/A N/A N/A
VIII Storage & General Not exceeding 28 m No limit 21,000
Exceeding 28 m 1,000 No limit
Part II – Single storey buildings
II Institutional Any height 3,000 No limit
III Other residential Any height 3,000 No limit
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NINTH SCHEDULE minimum periods of fire resistance for elements of structure By laws 142(3), 147, 158(1), 162, 213, 216(2)
PURPOSE GROUP BUILDING HEIGHT FLOOR AREA m2 CUBIC CAPACITY m3 GRD/UPPER STOREY BASEMENT
Part I – Buildings other than single storey buildings
I Small Residential N/A N/A N/A up to 1 hr up to 1-½ hr
II Institutional Any height 2,000 No limit up to 1-½ hrs up to 2 hrs
III Other residential Not exceeding 28 m 3,000 8,500 1 hr 1-½ hrs
Exceeding 28 m 2,000 5,500 1-½ hrs 2 hrs
IV Office N/A N/A N/A up to 2 hrs up to 4 hrs
V SHOP Any height 2,000 7,000 up to 2 hrs up to 4 hrs
VI FACTORY Not exceeding 28 m No limit 28,000 up to 1 hr up to 4 hrs
Exceeding 28 m 2,000 5,500 up to 2 hrs up to 4 hrs
VII Place of Assembly N/A N/A N/A up to 4 hrs up to 4 hrs
VIII Storage & General Not exceeding 28 m No limit 21,000 up to 4 hrs * up to 4 hrs
Exceeding 28 m 1,000 No limit up to 4 hrs * up to 4 hrs
Part II – Single storey buildings
II Institutional Any height 3,000 No limit ½ hr
III Other residential Any height 3,000 No limit ½ hr
UBBL PART VII - FIRE REQUIREMENT
CONFIDENTIAL Lee Ho Aik [email protected] or [email protected] 012 3224557 or 016 2061994
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BY LAWS DESCRIPTION
86Party wall (deleted in updated UBBL)
(1)200 mm total thickness of solid masonry or in situ concrete
(3) Party walls to be at least 230 mm above surface of roof or at right angles to such upper surface
136 Provision of compartment walls & compartment floors
137Compartmentation by heightFloors in building exceeding 30 m in height to be constructed as compartment floor
138 Other walls & floors to be constructed as compartment wall or compartment floor
139 Separation of fire risk areas
141 Separating walls
142External walls(1) If any external wall that is carried across the end of separating wall, such external wall & separating wall
shall be bonded together or the junction of such walls shall be FIRE-STOPPED.
147 Construction of separating walls
UBBL PART VII - FIRE REQUIREMENT
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BY LAWS DESCRIPTION
148
Special requirements as to compartment walls & compartment floors(1) Where there is opening : usage of fire doors and fire damper
(2) Where compartment wall or compartment floor forms a junction with any structure (compartment wall,
external wall, separating wall or protected shaft), such structures shall be bonded together at the junction
or the junction shall be FIRE-STOPPED.
149Horizontal and vertical barriers at the external walls.750 mm beyond the exterior wall in the plane of the floor or by vertical panels not less than 900 mm in height
150 Protected shaft
157 Protected shaft consisting of staircase
161 Fire-stopping
162 Fire doors in compartment walls and separating walls
163 Fire doors including frames to comply to MS 1073
252 AAtriums in buildings(d) Fully protected by automatic sprinkler system.
(f) & (g) Smoke control of smoke exhaust system.
UBBL PART VII - FIRE REQUIREMENT
CONFIDENTIAL Lee Ho Aik [email protected] or [email protected] 012 3224557 or 016 2061994
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COMPARTMENT WALL & COMPARTMENT FLOOR
By Laws136 – Provision of compartment walls and compartment floors based on Fifth Schedule.137 – Compartmentation by height (30 m).138 - Other walls and floors to be constructed as compartment walls or compartment floors.148 – Special requirements as to compartment walls and compartment floors
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SEPARATING WALL & COMPARTMENT WALL
SEPARATING WALL
SEPARATING WALL
SEPARATING WALLSeparation of units/buildings.By Laws139 – Separation of fire risk
FRP determined by AHJ based on fire hazard.
141 – Separating wall.147 – Construction of
separating walls
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SEPARATING WALL & COMPARTMENT WALL
SEPARATING WALL
SEPARATING WALL
FIRE COMPARTMENT
FIRE COMPARTMENT
FIRE COMPARTMENT
SEPARATING WALLSeparation of units/buildings.By Laws139 – Separation of fire risk
FRP determined by AHJ based on fire hazard.
141 – Separating wall.147 – Construction of
separating walls
CONFIDENTIAL Lee Ho Aik [email protected] or [email protected] 012 3224557 or 016 2061994
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PARTY WALL / SEPARATING WALL
225 mm
Roof
Party wall / Separating wall
225 mm
Roof
Party wall / Separating wall
By Laws86 (3) – Party wall 230 mm (deleted).141 (3) – Separating wall 225 mm
CONFIDENTIAL Lee Ho Aik [email protected] or [email protected] 012 3224557 or 016 2061994
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EXTERNAL WALL
750 mm
750 mm
900 mm
900 mm
900 mm
Fire Stop
Fire Stop
By Laws142 & 148 – Fire stop149 – Horizontal and vertical barriers at the external walls.
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FIRE RESISTANCE / FIRE RATED SYSTEM DOCUMENTATION
SUBMISSIONBomba CertificateFire Resistance System Certificate : Indicating 60, 120 or 240 minutes
(for Integrity and/or Insulation)NOT Class “O” CertificateEach Bomba Certificate & Fire test report is for 1 system, 1 type of application
COMPLETIONBorang Bomba C1, C2 & C3Only for Fire resistance / Fire Rated Systemtogether with a valid Bomba Fire Resistance System Certificate
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DESCRIPTION ROCKWOOL Glasswool
FIRE SAFETY
EN 13501 Part 1
Melting Point
Class A1
> 1,000OC
Class A1-A2
±650OC
EN 1609 WATER ABSORPTION RATE
a. High water absorption affects thermal resistance.
b. High water absorption would cause frame degenaration &
health effect
c. High water absorption can would promote growth of
fungi/mould
0.12 kg/m3 Excessive
SAGGING
Lower density will be easier to sag. Min 40 kg/m3
16 kg/m3
(for roofing)
32 kg/m3
THICKNESS
Thickness affect thermal resistance performance
Lesser
compression
Higher
compression
LOWER FREQUENCY INSULATION BETTER lesser
SUMMARY
CONFIDENTIAL Lee Ho Aik [email protected] or [email protected] 012 3224557 or 016 2061994