PanamaPanamaBy: Ryan C., Claire H., and Kathryn R.By: Ryan C., Claire H., and Kathryn R.

Advanced History IIAdvanced History IIMiss WeberMiss Weber

MapMap

How did the U.S. get involved?How did the U.S. get involved? Columbia had control of PanamaColumbia had control of Panama The New Panama Canal Company, a French business held the rights to the canal projectThe New Panama Canal Company, a French business held the rights to the canal project

Ferdinand de Lesseps, a French engineer who built the Suez Canal was in charge of Ferdinand de Lesseps, a French engineer who built the Suez Canal was in charge of the projectthe project

President Theodore Roosevelt agreed to pay $40 million to the French business for the President Theodore Roosevelt agreed to pay $40 million to the French business for the rights to the projectrights to the project

He offered Columbia $10 million for a 50 mile strip of land across PanamaHe offered Columbia $10 million for a 50 mile strip of land across Panama Columbia refusedColumbia refused

Roosevelt is quoted as saying, “I was prepared to . . . At once occupy the Isthmus Roosevelt is quoted as saying, “I was prepared to . . . At once occupy the Isthmus anyhow, and proceed to dig the canal. But I deemed it likely that there would be a anyhow, and proceed to dig the canal. But I deemed it likely that there would be a revolution in Panama soon.”revolution in Panama soon.”

Panama did revoltPanama did revolt The U.S. sided with Panama The U.S. sided with Panama Panama wonPanama won

The U.S. paid Panama $10 million for 10 miles of canal zoneThe U.S. paid Panama $10 million for 10 miles of canal zone Agreed to pay$250,000 each yearAgreed to pay$250,000 each year In 1933 it was increased to $430,000 a yearIn 1933 it was increased to $430,000 a year In 1955 it was increased again to $1,930,000 a yearIn 1955 it was increased again to $1,930,000 a year

The canal opened in 1914The canal opened in 1914

U.S. Motives and JustificationsU.S. Motives and Justifications MotivesMotives

The Panama Canal would be a new and faster trade routeThe Panama Canal would be a new and faster trade route The U.S. could make a profit from trading and other countries using The U.S. could make a profit from trading and other countries using

the canalthe canal JustificationsJustifications

The U.S. said they were helping Panama free itself from ColumbiaThe U.S. said they were helping Panama free itself from Columbia The Canal would also help PanamaThe Canal would also help Panama

• Increase in tradeIncrease in trade• Help the economyHelp the economy

What was the reaction of the local What was the reaction of the local population?population?

The Columbians were not happy because they no longer had The Columbians were not happy because they no longer had control of Panamacontrol of Panama

The people were happy to be free from ColumbiaThe people were happy to be free from Columbia They celebrated their victoryThey celebrated their victory

Panamanians were fine with the Americans having control of part of Panamanians were fine with the Americans having control of part of the canal at firstthe canal at first

After a while the people wanted the U.S. out of PanamaAfter a while the people wanted the U.S. out of Panama

The Final ResultThe Final Result September 7, 1977 – General Omar Torrijos Herrera and President September 7, 1977 – General Omar Torrijos Herrera and President

Jimmy Carter signed multiple treatiesJimmy Carter signed multiple treaties Gradually gave Panama control of the canalGradually gave Panama control of the canal Guaranteed the neutrality of the canalGuaranteed the neutrality of the canal

Panama elected a new president 1984, Nicolas Ardito BarlettaPanama elected a new president 1984, Nicolas Ardito Barletta There was a major conflict involving Barletta, a former CIA operative There was a major conflict involving Barletta, a former CIA operative

General Manuel Noriega, and a few other peopleGeneral Manuel Noriega, and a few other people In December 1989 war was declared between the U.S. and PanamaIn December 1989 war was declared between the U.S. and Panama

The war ended in 1990 when Noriega surrenderedThe war ended in 1990 when Noriega surrendered In 1999 the U.S. formally gave Panama control of the canalIn 1999 the U.S. formally gave Panama control of the canal During this time Columbians have been making regular attacks on During this time Columbians have been making regular attacks on

Panamanian landPanamanian land In 2006 Panama approved a plan to expand the canal, which will In 2006 Panama approved a plan to expand the canal, which will

double its capacitydouble its capacity It will most likely be completed in 2014 - 2015It will most likely be completed in 2014 - 2015

U.S. is a Mafia Don!U.S. is a Mafia Don! The U.S. was really interested in money and trade not the PanamaniansThe U.S. was really interested in money and trade not the Panamanians Roosevelt was sure the people of Panama were going to revoltRoosevelt was sure the people of Panama were going to revolt When they did revolt Roosevelt troops over on the U.S.S. Nashville to When they did revolt Roosevelt troops over on the U.S.S. Nashville to

“maintain order”“maintain order” These troops prevented the Columbian forces from suppressing the These troops prevented the Columbian forces from suppressing the

Panamanian rebellionPanamanian rebellion When the rebellion was over Roosevelt recognized that Panama was an When the rebellion was over Roosevelt recognized that Panama was an

independent nationindependent nation After helping the Panamanians win independence from Columbia the U.S. After helping the Panamanians win independence from Columbia the U.S.

stayed in Panamastayed in Panama They finished building the canalThey finished building the canal

• Still stayed in PanamaStill stayed in Panama A few years later the Panamanians wanted to have control A few years later the Panamanians wanted to have control

• Not the U.S.Not the U.S. The U.S. replaced Columbia’s presence in PanamaThe U.S. replaced Columbia’s presence in Panama

Were U.S. actions beneficial?Were U.S. actions beneficial? ColumbiaColumbia

NoNo• Helped Panama gain independenceHelped Panama gain independence

PanamaPanama YesYes

• The U.S. helped Panama earn its freedomThe U.S. helped Panama earn its freedom• America was responsible for the completion of the Panama CanalAmerica was responsible for the completion of the Panama Canal

Panama’s economy is mostly dependent on the Panama CanalPanama’s economy is mostly dependent on the Panama Canal• The U.S. eventually gave Panamanians complete control over The U.S. eventually gave Panamanians complete control over

Panama and the Panama CanalPanama and the Panama Canal

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