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PANAMA CANAL THIRD SET OF LOCKS PROJECT
Structural Design Pablo Arecco Civil Engineer
Buenos Aires, Argentina
PIANC Setting the course
Panama Canal Location
EXISTING LOCKS 4,400 TEU’s
NEW LOCKS 12,600 TEU’s
April 2006 – High season 111 Vessels waiting Waiting time: 10 days
June 2004 119 Vessels waiting Waiting time: 7 days Cause: Maintenance activities
Third Set of Locks render - Pacific Locks Complex
Three Lock Chambers and four Lock Heads in each site (Atlantic and Pacific)
Atlantic Locks complex
Upper Chamber
Middle Chamber
Lower Chamber
Lock Head 4
Stability analysis
TENDER DESIGN ANALYSIS
Rock Backfill
Concrete
2D simplified Finite Element Model
Lock Head 3D FE model
LOCK CHAMBER CONCRETE STRUCTURE
Lock Wall 3D FE model
Lock Wall 2D FE model
Issues to solve for Finite Element (FE)
modeling
Static and dynamic non-linear analysis
Appropriate boundary conditions
Soil-Structure interaction
Complex loading conditions
Several loads combinations
Lock Wall Typical Monolith
Final concrete volumes: Lock walls ≈ 2.100.000 m3
Lock heads ≈ 1.200.000 m3
HOW TO DEVELOP THE FINAL DESIGN FEM?
FINAL DESIGN FINITE ELEMENT MODELLING
GEOMETRY
• Evaluation and Idealization
• Mesh definition • Material properties and
material models to be applied
• Interactions should be defined
STATIC LOADS
• Dead Loads • Water pressures
• Water in chamber and conduits
• Groundwater and uplift • Backfill pressures • Live and crane loads • Bollards loads and vessel
impact
SEISMIC ANALYSIS
• Time history analysis • Two seismic levels • Seven seismic motion for
each level • Deconvolution of
earthquake records • Abosorbing Boundary
Conditions (ABC)
FINAL DESIGN LOCK WALL FEM
Typical monolith 2D model
Lock wall 3D model
Rock Foundation
(Gatún Rock)
Rolling gates (Steel)
Backfill (Gatún Rockfill)
Lock Walls (Concrete)
Lock Walls (Concrete) Lock Head
Large Recess (Concrete)
Lock Head Small Recess (Concrete)
Lock Head Slab
(Concrete)
FINAL DESIGN LOCK HEAD FEM
FINAL DESIGN LOCK HEAD FEM
Model implementation Interactions
Model implementation Loads assignment
Model implementation Loads assignment
FINAL DESIGN LOCK HEAD FEM
• Seismic behavior evaluation. • Foundation bearing verification. • Wall displacements time-history. • Critical stress time-history.
FINAL DESGIN FEM RESULTS
Units: MPa
CONCRETE DESIGN CRITICAL SECTIONS
USACE EM 1110-2-2104 ACI 318
FEM Stresses
Critical Sections
Internal Forces
CONCRETE STRENGTH DESIGN
Static Load Condition Flexure-Axial design
Level I Earthquake Flexure-Axial design
CONCRETE DEMAND CAPACITY RATIOS
• DCR limit = 1.0 • 3 excursions allowed • Elastic domain
Level I 475 years
• DCR limit =1.5 • 3 excursions allowed • Limited non linear
behavior
Level II 950 years
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
Chamber Floor Slab
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
Chamber Floor Slab
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
Crossunder slab and walls
Chamber Conduit
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
Lock Wall Monoliths – First Lift
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
Lock Wall Monolith toe
THANK YOU!
THIS IS THE EFFORT OF HUGE TEAM
PIANC Setting the course
