PANEL 1Economics and Performance of Fast Neutron

SystemsVladimir KagramanyanInstitute for Physics and Power EngineeringObninsk, Russia

FR09, Kyoto, December 2009

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Fast Reactor System Competitiveness Fast Reactor System Competitiveness

Global and country specific arguments: 1. What are the reasons?2. What to do? 3. Technological background.

Russian perspectives.

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What are the reasons for FR systems? What are the reasons for FR systems?

Long term global and national perspectives. - NP based on FR system provides opportunities for sustainable energy supply with:

Efficient use of natural nuclear resourcesEffective SNF and nuclear waste managementNon-proliferation

Medium term (2030) country specific reasons for FR system development:Increase NP capacityAddress LWR SNF accumulation challenge

Russian perspectives:Long term – By 2050 we need about 100 GWe of NP.

Sustainability of NP can be achieved only on basis of FR systemMedium term - By 2030 it is planned to increase NP capacity from present 23

GW(e) up to 50-60 GW(e). Challenges: Accumulation of VVER and RBMK SNF; Export of VVER with SNF take back policy.

FR system can help in :Providing partially required increase in NP capacityDemonstrating effective way of LWR SNF managementDemonstrating opportunities for institutional solutions of Pu non-proliferation

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What to do? What to do?

Long term perspective:1. Develop, demonstrate and commercialize all elements of FR system, including:

NPP with FR (sodium; lead-bismuth; lead)FR SNF reprocessing (aqueous; dry) FR fuel fabrication (MOX; nitride; metal)Effective MA management

2. Introduce technological barriers and institutional measures to assure non-proliferationMedium term perspective: Russia1. Develop and demonstrate at industrial level key elements of FR system:

NPP with FR – some 10 GWe BN type reactors LWR and FR SNF reprocessing - RT-2 reprocessing plant advanced aqueous tech.FR fuel fabrication – MOX fabrication plant for BN reactorsLWR MA management – Np recycling in BN; Minimization of Am accumulation

2. Demonstrate institutional measures of non-proliferation assurance International center for LWR SNF management

3. Develop and demonstrate innovative reactor and fuel cycle technologies

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Russian Background and Challenges for Medium Term FR System Development (1). Russian Background and Challenges for Medium Term FR System Development (1).

NPP with BNSafe and economical operation of BN-600 , with specific capital cost about 40% higher than that of VVER-1000Allocated specific capital cost for BN-800 construction is only 20% higher than that of VVER-1000Estimated capital cost of FOAK commercial BN-1200 to be build before 2020 is about the same as that of VVER-1200

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Russian Experience in Development and Implementation of BN for NPPRussian Experience in Development and Implementation of BN for NPP

Planned for 2020-From 2006BN-1200--2002 - 2005BN-1800--1980'sBN-1600

Planned for 2014Under construction1975 - 19832002 - 2004

BN-800

1980 - in operation1972 - 19801963 - 1972BN-6001973 -19981965 - 19731960 - 1965BN-350OperationConstructionDevelopmentReactor

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Russian Background and Challenges for Medium Term FR System Development (2). Russian Background and Challenges for Medium Term FR System Development (2).

BN MOX fabricationMOX fabrication technologies are demonstrated at experimental level.

Challenge: Develop an industrial level MOX fuel fabrication plant for BN reactors

SNF reprocessing plantRT-1 plant (aqueous technology) is reprocessing SNF from VVER-440 and BN-600

Challenge:Upgrade aqueous technology for use in RT-2 plant to meet environmental requirements and to effectively reprocess SNF from VVER-1000, RBMK and BN-1200

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КИУМ

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56,51

71,76 72,75 72,48 73,46 74,1176,6 75,89

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83,5380,29 78,19

70,31

76,3272,97

47,93

76,4373,23

79,8977,35 75,74

80,0477,75 78,6 77,78 77,49

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10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

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100

1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

BN-600 Load Factor (1982-2008)BN-600 Load Factor (1982-2008)

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View of the BN- 800 Construction Site (BNPP, 10.2009)View of the BN- 800 Construction Site (BNPP, 10.2009)

vessel bottomvessel bottom

Vessel Assembling at the Special Facility (BNPP)

Vessel bottomStrongback

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BN-1200 Reactor UnitBN-1200 Reactor Unit

1 IHX2 Main vessel3 Safety vessel4 Strongback5 Core diagrid6 Core debris tray7 Core8 Pressure pipeline9 MCP10 Rotating plugs11 CRDM12 FA reloading mechanism

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Our motto:Our motto:Steady progress in practical Steady progress in practical

implementation implementation is is

the pledge of success the pledge of success Thank youThank you