Paper 2 Final Raw Source & Ms

8/17/2019 Paper 2 Final Raw Source & Ms

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2/20

-uestion no

5 Fig. /.1 shows a piece of recording tape passing under the recording head of a tape

recorder. An alternating current is passed through the coil. *he tape is coated with a

magnetic material that becomes magnetised.

Fig. 5.1

(a) (i) !plain wh" the tape becomes magneti0ed...................................................................................................................................

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..................................................................................................................................(ii) Fig. /.1 shows that sections of the tape are magnetised in opposite directions.!plain wh" the" become magnetised in opposite directions.

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..................................................................................................................................(iii) *he tape is moved faster past the recording head. State how this changes the

pattern on the tape.

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(b) (i) !plain wh" the coating on the tape must be of a permanent magnetic material.

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..................................................................................................................................(ii) State the name of a permanent magnetic material...................................................................................................................................

#$%


3/20

-uestion no

8 (a) A wire carr"ing a current in a magnetic field e!periences a force due to the current. 2nFig. &.1, insert the words current, field and force in the bo!es to show the relative directions

of the current, the magnetic field and the force.

Fig. 8.1

#1%(b) Fig. &.$ shows a current3carr"ing coil ABCD in a magnetic field.

Fig. 8.2

ach side of the coil is 4.' cm in length. *he force on AB is $' ) and the force on CD is $' ).(i) Calculate the total moment caused b" these forces.

moment 5 .......................................................... #$%(ii) *he moment is increased b" using a stronger magnetic field.

State two other wa"s to increase the moment.1. .......................................................................................................................................

$. .......................................................................................................................................

#$%


4/20

-uestion no

& 6a Some atoms are radioactive. !plain what is meant b" radioactive.

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6b Some hospital equipment is sterilised using gamma3ra"s. State two properties of gamma3ra"s that ma8e them suitable for this use.

1. ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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6c !plain wh" radioactive sources should onl" be handled at a distance from the bod".

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-uestion no

11 6a A radioactive isotope emits onl" 93particles.6i :n the space below, draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus "ou would use to

prove that no ;3particles or


5/20

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#=%

6b Fig. 11.1 shows a stream of 93particles about to enter the space between the poles of aver" strong magnet.

Fig. 11.1

Describe the path of the 93particles in the space between the magnetic poles.

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-uestion no

> Some pond water becomes contaminated b" the release of radioactive waste.*he radioactivit" of a sample of the contaminated water is tested ever" wee8 for / wee8s.*he results are shown in the table below.

6a ?lot these values on Fig. >.1. #%


6/20

Fig. >.16b Draw the best curve through "our points.

#1%6c @se "our graph to find the half3life of the radioactive material in the sample. Show clearl"

on the graph how "ou obtained "our answer.half3life of radioactive material 5 wee8s

#$%

6d :f the sample of contaminated water used in the test had been smaller, state how this

would have affected, if at all,6i the activit" readings, .................................................................................................

6ii the value of the half3life. ............................................................................................

#$%

-uestion no

1' 6a 2ne coil of a transformer is connected to a to" train set. *he other coil is connected to a

$4' a.c. mains suppl", as shown in Fig. 1'.1.


7/20

Fig. 1'.1

6i ow can "ou tell from Fig. 1'.1 that the transformer is a step3down transformer

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#1%

6ii Calculate the voltage at which the to" train operates.

to" train operates at #%

6iii 1. *he voltage of the mains suppl" is reduced. +hat happens to the voltagesupplied to the train set *ic8 one bo!.

$. An attempt is made to use the train set in a countr" where the mains suppl" is

11' . Suggest one difference that might be noticed in the wa" the to" train

operates............................................................................................................................

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#$%

6b Fig. 1'.$ shows an electromagnetic rela" being used to operate an electric motor.

Fig. 1'.$

Below are sentences that describe stages of the process b" which the circuit wor8s.

A *he armature pivots and the contacts close.B *he core of the rela" is magnetised.C *he switch is closed and the current flows through the coil.DA current flows through the motor, ma8ing it wor8.E *he core attracts the top part of the armature.

?ut the sentences so that the stages are in the correct order. ?ut the appropriate letters

in the bo!es below. 2ne bo! has been filled in as an e!ample.


8/20

#%

-uestion no

11 6a 93particles can be scattered b" thin gold foils. Fig. 11.1 shows part of the paths of three 93particles.

Complete the paths of the three 93particles.#%

Fig. 11.1

6b +hat does the scattering of 93particles show about atomic structure

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#$%

6c State the nucleon number 6mass number of an 93particle.

nucleon number 5 #1%


9/20

-uestion no

1' 6a Fig. 1'.1 is the deca" curve for a radioactive isotope that emits onl" ;3particles.

Fig. 1'.1

@se the graph to find the value of the half3life of the isotope.

:ndicate, on the graph, how "ou arrived at "our value.

half3life . #$%6b A student determines the percentage of ;3particles absorbed b" a thic8 aluminium

sheet. e uses a source that is emitting onl" ;3particles and that has a long half3life.

6i :n the space below, draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus required, set up to

ma8e the determination.#$%

6ii Eist the readings that the student needs to ta8e....................................................................................................................................

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#%-uestion no

11 Fig. 11.1 shows a fle!ible wire hanging between two magnetic poles. *he fle!ible wire isconnected to a 1$ d.c. suppl" that is switched off.


10/20

Fig. 11.1

6a !plain wh" the wire moves when the suppl" is switched on...........................................................................................................................................

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6b State the direction of the deflection of the wire...........................................................................................................................................

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6c +hen the wire first moves, energ" is changed from one form to another. State these twoforms of energ".from ........................................................... to ............................................................ #1%

6d Fig. 11.$ shows the fle!ible wire made into a rigid rectangular coil and mounted on an

a!le.

Fig. 11.$

6i Add to the diagram an arrangement that will allow current to be fed into the coilwhilst allowing the coil to turn continuousl". Eabel the parts "ou have added.

#1%

6ii Briefl" e!plain how "our arrangement wor8s.

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-uestion no


11/20

1$ :n a countr" where the mains electricit" suppl" is $4' , the transformer in Fig. 1$.1 is used

to enable a = lamp to be lit.

Fig. 1$.16a Calculate the number of turns needed on the secondar" coil if the lamp is to be lit at

normal brightness.

number of turns 5 ........................ #%

6b +ithout further calculation, state the number of secondar" turns needed to light, atnormal brightness,

6i two identical = lamps in parallel i.e.

number of turns 5 ....................

6ii two identical = lamps in series i.e.

number of turns 5 ....................

#$%

-uestion no

& Fig. &.1 shows the outline of an a.c. generator. *he pea8 output voltage of the generator is=.' and the output has a frequenc" of 1'0.


12/20

Fig. &.16a Fig. &.$ shows the a!es of a voltage3time graph for the generator output.

Fig. &.$

2n Fig. &.$,

6i mar8 suitable voltage values on the voltage a!is,6ii draw a graph of the generator output.

#%

6b *he generator shown in Fig. &.1 wor8s b" electromagnetic induction.

!plain how this effect produces the output voltage...........................................................................................................................................

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6c State the energ" changes that occur in the generator when it is producing output.

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#$%-uestion no


13/20


14/20

Fig. 11.1

(ii) !plain wh" readings ta8en in an actual e!periment ma" not follow a smooth line...........................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

#1%(iii) Determine the count rate due to this isotope ' hours before the start of the e!periment.

count rate 5 .......................................................... #1%(i) :n the space below, draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to measure the count

rate of the radioactive isotope.

#$%

-uestion no


15/20

1' A doctor uses a radioactive isotope, iodine311, to find the volume of blood in a patients bod".

:nformation about iodine311 is given in Fig. 1'.1.

Fig. 1'.1

6a 6i Describe the structure of an atom of iodine311.6ii *he radioactive deca" equation below shows an iodine311 nucleus deca"ing into a

!enon nucleus 6Ge. Cop" the equation and insert the proton number and the nucleon

number of the !enon nucleus.

#/%6b Describe the differences between beta3particles and gamma3ra"s.

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6c *he doctor uses a sample of iodine311 that initiall" produces a count rate of 144 ''' per

second.*he whole sample is inHected into the patients arm. )ine small samples of blood, each of

volume $.' cm, are ta8en from the other arm at $ minute intervals.

Fig. 1'.$ shows the count rates from the nine samples.

Fig. 1'.$

6i State two reasons wh" different count rates are obtained from the nine samples.

6ii Calculate the average value of the count rates from the last four samples.*his is the average count rate from a volume of $.' cm of blood.

6iii @sing "our answer to 6ii, determine the volume of blood in the patients bod", whichhas a total count rate of 144 ''' per second.

6iv Sample number > is 8ept.*he count rate is measured again after 1= da"s.

stimate the value obtained, given that the half3life of iodine311 is &.' da"s.

#=%6d Describe one precaution that the doctor must ta8e when handling this radioactive source.

#1%

-uestion no


16/20


17/20

1$ As a researcher, "ou are assigned to investigate the characteristics of radioactive

substances with different half3lives to be used for the treatment of cancer.

Diagram 1$.1 shows radioactive ra"s directed towards the cancer cells in a patients

brain.

Diagram 1$.16a +hat is meant b" halfIlife

# 1 mar8 %

6b S8etch a graph of activit" against time to illustrate the deca" rate of a radioactive

substance. @se "our graph to e!plain how the half3life is determined.

#4 mar8s %*able 1$.1 shows the properties of four radioactive substances, J, K , E and L

*able 1$.16c 6i Based on *able 1$.1 above, e!plain the suitable properties of the

radioactive substance for use to 8ill cancer cells in a patient.

6ii Determine which radioactive substance is the most suitable for the treatmentof cancer cells in a patient and give "our reasons.

#1' mar8s%

6d Diagram 1$ .$ shows a radioactive deca" series for Mn3$$$ nucleus to ?b3

$1'.


18/20

Diagram 1$.$

6i Describe what happens to a nucleus when it undergoes a radioactive deca".

6ii +rite an equation to represent the radioactive deca" series of Mn3$$$ to ?b3$1' in Diagram 1$.$

6iii State the number of alpha particles and beta particles produced in the deca".# / mar8s%

-uestion no


19/20

!o"ical #ico final

1$(c) CarbonI14 is used to find the age of obHects. A 1' g sample of carbon is ta8en from a "oung

plant. Fig3& shows how the number of counts in one minute from the sample decreases

with time.

Fig-8

The number of counts per hour from an identical sample of carbon taken from an old

piece

of wood is 380.


20/20

(i) Use Fig-8 to determine the age of this piece of wood. Explain how ou obtained

our

answer.

(ii) Explain wh it is important to take background radiation into account in this

measurement.

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Paper 2 Final Raw Source & Ms