Paper I: Environmental Geo-science

1

CENTRAL UNIVERSITY OF RAJASTHAN

Department of Environment Science

Syllabus

for

M. Sc. Environment Science

Effective from academic session 2011-2013

Central University of Rajasthan

City Road, Madanganj-Kishangarh-305802

Ajmer District

2

Syllabus- M. Sc. Environmental Science

Preamble

Since the publication of Rachel Carson’s landmark book ‘Silent Spring’ in 1960, there has been

much publicized threats of extinction of life on earth, and environment which meant little as a

political and social issue earlier, became a burning issue. But the real impetus for bringing about a

well-developed framework came only after the UN Conference on the Human Environment held

in Stockholm in 1972. India was one of the participatory states in this conference. Under the

influence of this declaration, the National Council for Environmental Policy and Planning was set

up in 1972 which subsequently evolved into the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) in

1985. Further, constitutional sanction was given to environmental concerns through the 42nd

Amendment, which incorporated them into the Directive Principles of State Policy and

Fundamental Rights and Duties. A policy framework has also been developed to complement the

legislative provisions.

With the realization that the man is an integral part of natural ecosystems and the natural

resources were rapidly declining, the public became conscious about environmental pollution,

resource degradation, population explosion and industrialization. Subsequently, issues pertaining

to food, human settlement, water, desertification, depletion of natural resources, fossil fuel,

biodiversity came to sharp focus among common people, scientists, educationists and

governments. The linkage between man and environment emerged stronger with programs such

as Man and Biosphere (MAB) of UNESCO and United Nations Environment Program (UNEP)

launched in 1972.

The journey from Stockholm to Cancun encompasses in-depth exercise, discussions and

agreements on burning issues like emission of GHGs, Ozone depletion, climate change,

biodiversity and environment and trade. The scarcity of potable water and energy are emerging

issues need immediate attention. As an emerging economy, India is in its peak of infrastructural

development and needs environmental experts, trained personnel for monitoring of pollution and

assessing the environmental impacts of developmental projects of industries, mining, housing,

urbanization etc. Therefore, looking to the present scenario and futuristic needs, the Central

University of Rajasthan has designed a post-graduate degree program in Environmental Science

with a curriculum covering wide array of environmental aspects. An emphasis has been given to

the emerging areas of environment such as Environmental analyses climate change and

Environmental Impact Assessment. A major part of Rajasthan is arid and semi arid. Therefore,

the curriculum is unique in the sense that an emphasis has been given to Desert Environment –

Adaptations, Desertification and Arid land resource management.

Objectives

M.Sc. Environmental Science is an interdisciplinary program with an emphasis on environmental

analyses, pollution control, climate change, impact assessment and desert environment The main

objectives of the course are:

to impart knowledge of environmental problems of regional and global scale;

to train the students for scientific analyses of environmental components for critical

understanding, efficient environmental decision-making and management.

to prepare them for global competence for career options in education, research,

industries, consultancy, environmental journalism etc.

To train the students for Environmental Impact Assessment and for management systems

3

To understand the impacts of climate change to develop mitigation strategies

to prepare students for designing, conducting independent research in the area of their

interest.

to sensitize students towards developing the earth as a green planet for a clean habitat for

all living forms.

Duration

4 Semesters (2 Years)

Eligibility

The candidate should be a graduate having Bachelor’s degree in any discipline of

Science/Engineering /Agricultural sciences with a minimum of 55 % marks (50% for SC/ST) in

aggregate or an equivalent grade at graduate level from a recognized Indian or foreign University.

Admission

Through Central Universities Common Entrance Test (CUCET) to be conducted on the All-India

basis.

Programme Structure and Courses offered:

N

o

Sub.

Code

Title of the course Type

of

Cour

se

Cre

dits

Contact

hours/week

ESE

(hour)

Weightage (%)

CIE 50% ESE

50%

MSE M.Sc. Environmental Science C/E/

S

L I. L P T P ST

30

IA

20

SEMESTER -I

1 MSE 101 Ecology and Ecosystems C 3 2 1 45 15+15 20 50

2 MSE 102 Environmental Geology and

Atmospheric Science

C 3 2 1 45 15+15 20 50

3 MSE 103 Environmental Chemistry C 3 2 1 45 15+15 20 50

4 MSE 104 Natural Resources,

Biodiversity and Conservation

C 3 2 1 45 15+15 20 50

5 MSE 105 Practical C 6 6 90 100

6 MSE 106 Energy and Environment E 2 1 1 30

7 MSE 107 Environmental Issues: Regional

and Global

OR

Environmental Economics

E 2 1 1 30

8 MSE 108 Socially Supportive S 2 1 1 30

SEMESTER -II

1 MSE 201 Environmental Pollution C 3 2 1 45 15+15 20 50

2 MSE 202 Environmental Policies,

Legislation and Ethics

C 3 2 1 45 15+15 20 50

3 MSE 203 Instrumentation for

Environmental Monitoring and

Analysis

C 3 2 1 45 15+15 20 50

4

4 MSE 204 Pollution Control Technology 3 2 1 45 15+15 20 50


6 MSE 206 Remote Sensing and GIS for

Environmental Science

OR

Environmental Disasters and

Management

E 4 2 - 2 30

7 MSE 207 Socially supportive S 2 1 1 30

SEMESTER -III

1 MSE 301 Occupational Health, Safety

and Waste Management

C 3 2 1 45 15+15 20 50

2 MSE 302 Statistics, Environmental

Modeling and Research

Methodology

C 3 2 1 45 15+15 20 50

3 MSE 303 Environmental Biotechnology C 3 2 1 45 15+15 20 50

4 MSE 304 Climate Change and Clean

Technology

C 3 2 1 45 15+15 20 50


6 MSE 306 Socially Supportive

Compulsory

S 6 - - 90

7 MSE 307

SEMESTER -IV

1 MSE 401 Environmental Impact

Assessment

C 3 2 1 45 15+15 20 50

2 MSE 402 Environmental Clearance and

Environmental Audit

C 3 2 1 45 15+15 20 50

3 MSE 403 Arid Environment and

Adaptations

C 3 2 1 45 15+15 20 50

4 MSE 404 Management of Arid Lands and

Desertification

C 3 2 1 45 15+15 20 50

5 MSE 405 Project Work C 6 6 90 100

6 MSE 406 Socially Supportive S 6 - - 90

Note: The assessment of the student will be as laid down in the relevant Ordinances on

Examination and Evaluation:

(a) For passing a semester, the assessment of a student shall be based on:

(i) Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) of 50% marks in each course, and

(ii) End Semester Examination (ESE) of 50% of marks in each course.

The CIE will consist of – (i) Sessional Tests (ST) ((ii) Internal Assessment (IA) (20%).

The IA shall comprise of Home Assignments (HA)/attention in the Class/attendance/Viva-

voce/Group Discussions/Tutorials/Case Studies etc.

(b) L: Lectures, I.L. : Integrated Learning involving Tutorials, Group Discussions,

Assignments, Field work; P : Practicals, Lab work, Project.

(c) Core (C), Elective (E), Supportive and Socially Oriented (S)

(d Syllabus of each course may be presented in the following format

5

Central University of Rajasthan

M. Sc. Environmental Science

Course Structure 2011-12

Credits (I –IV Semester) Core courses 80 (Core 48+ Core Practical/Project 24+ Elective 8)

Other Courses 16 (Supportive 4+ Socially Supportive 12 )

Semester Course

Number.

Title of Course Type of

Course

Credits

I Semester MSE 101 Ecology and Ecosystems Core 3

MSE 102 Environmental Geology and Atmospheric

Science

Core 3

MSE 103 Environmental Chemistry Core 3

MSE 104 Natural Resources, Biodiversity and

Conservation

Core 3

MSE 105 Practical Core 6

MSE 106 Energy and Environment Elective 2

MSE 107 Environmental Issues: Regional and Global

OR

Environmental Economics

Elective 2

MSE 108 Socially Supportive Supportiv

e

2

II Semester MSE 201 Environmental Pollution Core 3

MSE 202 Environmental Policies, Legislation and

Ethics

Core 3

MSE 203 Instrumentation for Environmental

Monitoring and Analysis

Core 3

MSE 204 Pollution Control Technology Core 3


MSE 206 Remote Sensing and GIS for Environmental

Science

OR

Environmental Disasters and Management

Elective 4

MSE 207 Socially supportive Supportiv

e

2

III Semester MSE 301 Occupational Health, Safety and Waste

Management

Core 3

MSE 302 Statistics, Environmental Modeling and

Research Methodology

Core 3

MSE 303 Environmental Biotechnology Core 3

MSE 304 Climate Change and Clean Technology Core 3


MSE 306 Socially Supportive Compulsory Socially S 6

IV Semester MSE 401 Environmental Impact Assessment C 3

MSE 402 Environmental Clearance and

Environmental Audit

C 3

MSE 403 Arid Environment and Adaptations C 3

MSE 404 Management of Arid Lands and

Desertification

C 3

MSE 405 Project Work C 6

MSE 406 Socially Supportive S 6

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SEMESTER -I

MSE 101: Ecology and Ecosystems

UNIT -I

Ecology and Ecological factors: Ecology as an interdisciplinary subject, Biosphere, origin of life

and speciation. Structure and Composition of atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and

biosphere. Climatic and soil factors, Laws of limiting factors – Liebig’s law of minimum,

Shelford’s law of tolerance. Abiotic and Biotic factors and interactions- Co-evolution,

Neutralism, symbiosis, commensalism, mutualism, antagonism, antibiosis, parasitism, predation;

competition- inter and intra specific.

UNIT -II

Population and Community: Levels of Organization, population characteristics, population

regulation– biotic potential and environmental resistances (r and k selections); Factors of

population regulation – density dependent and density independent; and carrying capacity;

genecology, Ecads, Ecotypes, Ecospecies, Niche, Keystone species, invasive species. Genetic

model for range extensions. Community – analytical and synthetic characters; Ecotone, Edge

effect.

UNIT -III

Ecosystem - concept, structure, function and types- abiotic and biotic components, food chain,

food web; Ecological pyramids Ecological energetics - The Energy flow in Biosphere and in

Ecosystems. Laws of thermodynamics, h and y shaped models, ecological efficiency,

biogeochemical cycles- pools and fluxes, cycling of nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus, sulphur,

calcium. Primary and secondary productivity.

UNIT -IV

Integrated Principles and Ecosystem Diversity: Ecosystem stability and homeostasis,

McArthur hypothesis, stability indices, biodemographic and biogeochemical regulation,

Development and evolution (succession) in an ecosystem, tabular and microcosm models of

stability; Characteristics of Terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem (lotic, lentic, eusturine, wetlands,

mangrove, grassland, forest, desert, mountain). Biomes- classification, characteristics and

distribution.

Reference Books

Begon, M., Townsend, C. R., and Harper, J. L.. Ecology from Individuals to

Ecosystems. Wiley-Blackwell, USA. 2005.

Botkin, Daniel B. and Keller, Edward A. Environmental Science: Earth as a Living

Planet. 6th ed. John Wiley & Sons, USA, 2007.

Chapman, J. L. and Reiss, M. J. Ecology: Principles and Applications. Cambridge

University Press, UK., 1998.

Cunningham, W. P. and Cunningham, M. A. Principles of Environment Science.

Enquiry and Applications. 2nd ed. Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, India, 2004.

Kemp, M. J. Environmental Science. The McGraw-Hill Companies. 1997.

Nebel, B. J. and Wright, R. T. Environmental Science. Prentice Hall.1981.

Odum, E.P. Fundamentals of Ecology. W.B. Saunders, USA. Indian Reprint 1996,

Natraj Publishers, Dehradun, India, 1991.

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Odum, E.P. Ecology: A Bridge between Science and Society. Sinauer Associates,

Inc.,USA, 1997.

Rieley, J. O. and Page, S. E. Ecology of plant communities. Longman scientific

and technical co published with John Wiley and Sons .1990.

Siever R. Energy and Environment. W.H. Freeman and Company. 1974.

MSE 102: Environmental Geology and Atmospheric Science

UNIT-I

Environmental Geo-science: Fundamental concepts, Primary differentiation and

formation of core, mantle, crust, magma generation, eruptions and volcanoes.

Formation and classification of rocks: plate tectonics – sea floor spreading, mountain formation,

rock deformation and evolution of continents. Weathering and soil formation, soil profile, soil

classification, soils of India. Global water balance, icesheets and fluctuations of sea levels.

UNIT-II

Environmental Geochemistry: Concept of major, minor and trace elements. Mobility of

elements , geochemical cycles. Geoindicators. Resources and reserves, Mineral resources and

reserves. Oceans as new areas for exploration of mineral resources. Mineral resources of

Rajasthan.

UNIT-III

Atmosphere: Different layers and their characteristics ; meteorological aspects- inversions,

mixing height, wind-rose, electromagnetic radiations, solar radiation and terrestrial radiation,

heat budget, Temperature measurements and controls, Environmental lapse rate, humidity,

mixing ratio, dry and wet adiabatic lapse rate, clouds-types and their characteristics and

atmospheric stability. Atmospheric transport, diffusion and dispersion.

UNIT-IV

Weather and Climate: Elements of Weather and Climate, classification, energy balance in

atmosphere, greenhouse effect, Atmospheric general circulation, Precipitation and types of

storms, Indian monsoon, El Nino , La Nina effect, and western disturbances, Geostrophic wind

and gradient wind, cyclones, Atmospheric moisture: Forms of cloud condensation; Precipitation,

Thunderstorms, floods and droughts.Climate variability and climate change. Introduction to

Weather forecasting models.

Reference Books

Bennett, M. R. and Doyle, P. Environmental geology: - Geology and the Human Environment.

John Wiley and Sons.1997.

Botkin, Daniel B. and Keller, Edward A.. Environmental Science: Earth as a Living

Planet. 6th ed. John Wiley & Sons, USA. 2007.

Bouwer, H. Groundwater Hydrology. McGraw-Hill, New York. 1978.

Butz, S.D.. Science of Earth Systems. 2nd ed. Thomson Delmar Learning, USA 2004

Eby, N.. Principles of Environmental Geochemistry. Brooks Cole, USA. 2003

Joseph, G. Fundamentals of Remote Sensing. Universities Press (India) Pvt. Ltd.

2007.

Keller, E.A.. Environmental Geology. 8th ed. Prentice Hall of India 1999.

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Keller, E.A.. Introduction to Environmental Geology. 4th ed. Prentice Hall of India

2007.

Kemp, M.J. Environmental Science. The McGraw-Hill Companies. 1997.

Raven, Peter H., Berg, Linda R. and Hassenzahl, David M.. Environment. 6th ed.

John Wiley & Sons., USA. 2008.

Schwartz, F.W. and H. Zhang. Fundamentals of Ground Water. John Wiley &

Sons, USA. 2003.

MSE 103: Environmental Chemistry

UNIT-I

Fundamentals of Environmental Chemistry: Elements and organics and radionuclides in

nature, Stochiometry, Gibbs’ energy; chemical potential; chemical equilibria, chemical kinetics,

oxidation-reduction potentials (ORP). Solubility of gases in water, carbonate system, Henry’s law

Reactions. Absorption, adsorption-isotherms, Vanderwal forces, ion bonding.

UNIT-II

Atmospheric chemistry: Major and Trace gases in the atmosphere; Natural and man made

sources. Chemistry of air pollutants- Thermo-chemical and photochemical reactions in the

atmosphere.; Tropospheric oxidation- reduction processes, smog formation; stratospheric and

surface ozone. Role of hydrocarbons, oxides of sulphur and nitrogen, halogens in the

atmosphere; Chemical speciation. Particles, ions, and radicals in the atmosphere. Chemical

processes for formation of inorganic and organic aerosols. Acid rain.

UNIT-III

Chemistry of Aquatic Environment: Chemistry of water and chemical reactions in aquatic

environment; concept of oxygen demand -DO, BOD, COD; TDS, pH, conductivity. Colloids.

Salinity. Chemical speciations in aquatic environment;

UNIT-IV

Soil Chemistry: Physico-chemical characteristics of Soil, soil clays, organic carbon, soil humus

and mineralization, cation exchange capacity, soil water solution, Nitrogen pathways, C/N ratio,

soil acidity, soil salinity.

Reference Books

Baird, C. and Cann, M. Environmental Chemistry. W.H. Freeman and Company 2008.

Banerji, S. K. Environmental Chemistry. 2nd ed. Prentice-Hall, New Delhi, India.

1999.

De, A. K. Environmental Chemistry. 4th ed. New Age International (P) Ltd., New

Delhi, India. 2000.

Harrison, R. M. and de Mora, S. J. Introductory Chemistry for the Environment

Science. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, New Delhi. 1996.

Kothandaaman, H. and Swaminathan, G. Principles of Environmental Chemistry. B.I.

Publications, Chennai, India. 1997.

Manahan, S. E. Fundamentals of Environmental Chemistry. 2nd ed. CRC Press, Inc.,

USA. 2001.

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Neill, P. O. Environmental Chemistry. Chapmann & Hall.1985.

Plunkett, E. R. Industrial Toxicology. 3rd ed. Edward Arnold (Australia) Pty. Ltd.,

Australia. 1987.

Richards, I. S.Principles and Practice of Toxicology in Public Health. Jones and

Bartlett Publishers, London. 2008.

Sawyer, C.N. and McCarty, P.L. G.F. Parkin (Eds). Chemistry for Environmental Science and

Engineering,Tata-McGraw-Hill Edition, 2003.

MSE 104: Natural Resources, Biodiversity and Conservation

UNIT-I

Forest Resources: Forest ecosystem goods and services, forest types, succession, forest

resources of India, forestry programmes – social forestry, farm forestry, urban forestry,

community forestry. Forest fragmentation. Plantations.

UNIT-II

Biodiversity: Definition, Types of diversity and significance, criteria and measurement of

biodiversity, factors affecting biodiversity, IUCN Criteria of endangerment, Red Data Books.

Endemics and Epibiotics. Megabiodiversity nations, Hotspots of biodiversity, biodiversity

conservation strategies: in-situ conservation through participatory conservation, Protected Area

network, biosphere reserves, National Parks, sanctuaries, sacred groves; ex-situ conservation,

gene pools, germplasm banks.. Wildlife of India, Preservation of Breeding Stock; Artificial

stocking and Habitat Improvement, Game Farming. Valuation of Biodiversity, Bioprospecting.

Biopiracy. REDD.

UNIT-III

Agrobiodiversity: Vavilovian centres, Secondary centres of origin and spread, farmers varieties

and land races, Wild relatives of cultivated plants. Registration of plant varieties. Long term and

medium term conservation of germplasm. Field Gene banks, Role of National Bureaus in

conservation of domestic and agrobiodiversity, livestock, microbes, insects, fishes.

UNIT-IV

Biodiversity Conservation Efforts: Convention on Biological Diversity, Rio Summit +5,

Biosafety protocols, World Heritage sites, National Biodiversity strategy and Action Plan for

different biogeographic regions,

Reference Books



Enger, E.D. and Smith, B. F. Environmental Science: A Study of Interrelationships.

11th ed. McGraw Hill Inc., USA. 2006.

Frankel, O.H., Brown A.H.D. and Burdon, J.J. Conservation of Plant Biodiversity.

Cambridge University Press, UK. 1995.

Gadgil, Madhav and Rao, P.R.S. Nurturing Biodiversity: An Indian Agenda. Centre

for Environment Education, Ahmadabad, India. 1999.

Heywood, V.H. and Watson, R. T. Global biodiversity Assessment. UNEP-Cambridge, 1995.

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Hunter, Malcolm L., Jr., and Gibbs, James P. Fundamentals of Conservation Biology.

3rd ed. Wiley-Blackwell. 2006.

Jeffries, M. Biodiversity and Conservation. 2nd ed. Routledge, UK. 1997.

Reports And Statistics on Dynamic Ground Water Resources of India, Govt. Of India,

Ministry of Water Resources.

MSE 105 : Practical -Semester –I

Ecology

1. Determination of minimum size of quadrat for community study.

2. Determination of density, frequency, abundance and dominance of plant species using

quadrat method.

3. Calculation of the Importance Value Index (IVI) of species.

4. Preparation of Raunkiers frequency classes of a community/vegetation

5. Calculation of index of diversity, richness, evenness and dominance of species.

6. Calculation of similarity index between two adjoining communities.

Ecosystem and eco-physiology

7. To prepare pyramid of number, biomass and energy in at least one type of ecosystem

8. Measurement of productivity by harvest method/chlorophyll method.

9. Determination of Relative Turgidity, Moisture content, Water Saturation Deficit of living

tissues.

Environmental Geology

10. Estimation of primary production and respiration of phytoplankton population.

11. Study of hand specimens of rock samples.

12. Determination of soil texture

Atmospheric Science

13. Familiarization with meteorological instruments and their uses.

14. Presentation and interpretation of wind data – wind direction and speed and wind rose for

24 hr, month and season.

15. Experiments based on the use of Noise Level meter –dBA & dBC scales and weather

equipments

16. Calculation of Paterson Weck Indices for climate study.

17. Calculation of water balance indices- heat Index, Potential Evapotranspiration, Climate

formula

18. Preparation of hydro-therm charts on an area.

Environmental Chemistry

19. To understand the basic and operational specifics of analytical instruments as listed in

the syllabi. (Demonstration and not Hands on Experience).

20. Preparation of standard solution in lab –from Anaytical Grade Chemicals and solutions

available

21. Air analysis : oxides, Nitrogen oxides,m Carbon monoxide, Fluorides.

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22. Water analysis: Temperature at different depths of water bodies, Transparency by Sechi

Disc, pH, E.C., Turbidity by Turbidity meter, Total Suspended Solids, Total Dissolved

Solids, Dissolved Oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand,

Maximum Probable Number (of Bacteria), E. coli

23. Estimation of Fe2+ , Fe3+ and Ni2+.

24. Determination of Cu (II), Fe- Fe2+ , Fe3+ and Ni2 Hg [Flameless], C+3

and Pb by

Spectrophotometric Method.

25. Soil analysis: tivity, Moisture Content, Ignition Loss, Humus content, Water Holding

Capacity, Total Nitrogen, Total Phosphorus, Sulphur, Ex. Potassium, Ex. Calcium, Ex.

Magnesium, Ex. Sodium, Trace Metals (Cu, Pb. As).

26. Plant and Animal tissues – Heavy metals (Cu, Hg, Pb, As, Mn, Fe.). Pesticide residues in

samples of milk, fruits like grapes, vegetables like tomato, Leafy vegetables like Salad.

Biodiversity

27. Determination of phytoplankton diversity of a water body by Nygaard

28. Determination of population density of insects, birds, reptiles, mammals.

29. Study of some diebacks in forests and impact on ground flora

30. To observe the impact of invasive species on soil and ground vegetation (soil chemical

structure and species composition characteristics)

31. Preparation of a list of herbicides / pesticides / insecticides commonly used in the area.

MSE 106: Energy and Environment

UNIT-I

Non-renewable Sources of Energy: Fossil fuels-classification, composition, physico-chemical

characteristic and energy content of coal, petroleum and natural gas. Gross-calorific value and

Net-calorific value. Mining and uses of coal, oil and natural gas. Environmental impact of

extraction, processing and smelting of minerals, recycling and recovery of resources

UNIT-I

Renewable Sources of Energy: Solar energy- Sun as a source of energy; solar radiation and its

spectral characteristics, Harnessing of solar energy, Solar collectors, solar heaters, dryers,

photovoltaic, solar ponds: Wind energy- harnessing of wind energy, wind mill; Generation of

hydropower, tidal energy, ocean thermal energy conversion; Geothermal energy, Magneto-

hydrodynamic power; Bio-energy- energy from biomass and biogas, anaerobic digestion

UNIT-III

Nuclear energy: Fission and fusion, Nuclear fuels – mining and processing of Uranium,

concentration, Nuclear reators, Radioactive Waste Disposal -Concentration and Containment at

Storage Site including at deep underground facilities , Delay for Decay of short lived radio

nuclides, Dilution & Dispersion of residual waste; Bioaccumulation, Atmospheric, aquatic (Fresh

& Marine, underground) and ground releases, critical radio nuclides and organ, Impact on health.

UNIT-IV

Environmental implications: Environmental implications of energy use; energy use pattern in

India and the world, Renewable energy potential in India, emissions of CO2 in developed and

developing countries including India, Radioactive forcing and global warming, Impact of large

scale exploitation of solar, wind, hydro and other renewable energy sources.

Reference Books

Andrew R.W., Jackson & Julie M. Jackson, Environmental Science – The Natural Environment

and Human Impact, Addison Wesley Longman Limited, 1996.

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Carless, Jennifer, Renewable Energy : A Concise Guide to Green Alternative, Walker, New York,

1993

Ebbing, D.D., General Chemistry, (International 4th Edition) MA : Houghton Mifflin, Boston,

1993.

Eisenbud, M.. , Environmental Radioactivity, Academic Press, Orlando, USA,1987.

Flowler, John M., Energy and the Environment, 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill, New York, 1984.

Santra, S.C. Environmental Science, 2nd Edition, New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd, Kolkata,

India, 2005.

United Nations Scientific Committee on Effects of Atomic Radiation Report 2000, New York,

USA, 2000.

Weast R.C., Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, CRC Press, 1994.

MSE107 : Environmental Issues: Regional and Global

UNIT-I

Population: Population explosion, Malthusian theory, Population distribution, population un-

sustainability, population growth, population pyramids, pattern of India population, scale of

urbanization, migration trends- rural and urban, Population displacement due to developmental

projects. International initiatives on population related issues.

UNIT-II

Environment and human health: Hazardous chemicals, pesticides and their impact,

polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), Lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, asbestos, dioxins.

Environment and development, poverty and environmental degradation, water requirement,

Community participation in water conservation, Water harvesting, role of NGOs in

environmental protection. Social consequences of development and environmental changes,

UNIT-III

Global Issues :Acid rain and its effects on ecosystems (flora, fauna and human beings). Ozone

layer depletion, causes and consequences of Ozone depletion, CFCs, Montreal Protocol.

Climate change, global warming- causes and impact of global warming, International initiatives

to control global warming, Kyoto Protocol.

UNIT- IV

Natural Resources: Depletion and regeneration of natural resources, Renewable and non-

renewable resources, Biotic Resources- Forests, agriculture, fisheries, livestock, biodiversity and

its conservation, Abiotic Resources- Surface and ground water, Energy, non-energy mineral

resources, land resources, soil erosion, ecosystem services. Sustainable development

Reference Books:




Enquiry and Applications. 2nd ed. Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi. 2004.

Rajagopalan, R. Environmental Studies: From crisis to cure, Oxford University Press,

New Delhi, 2008.

13



Singh, J.S., Singh, S.P. and Gupta, S.R. Ecology, Environment and Resource

Conservation. Anamaya Publishers, New Delhi, India. 2006.

UNEP. Global Environment Outlook 3. Geneva: UNEP, Global Resource Information

Division. 2003.

World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED): Our Common Future,

Oxford University Press, London. 1987.

MSE 107: Environmental Economics

UNIT-I

Economy and the Environment: World environmental history and economic development,

valuation of natural resources, Inter-linkages between the economy and the environment.

Economics of Natural Resource Exploitation – Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources –

Methods of valuation of Environmental Costs and Benefits. Entropy- Principle and law of

entropy. Material flow in economy.

UNIT-II

Environmental Policy: Design of Environmental Policy. Economic Instruments for

Environmental Protection: Command & Control versus Incentives and Subsidies. Effectiveness of

these instruments. Indian scenario and comparisons with China and developed countries.

UNIT-III

Sustainable Development: Concept and objectives. Strategic Planning for Sustainable

Development, Natural resource based economic and social development. Climate Change and

India: Vulnerability of regions and populations – Adaptation options.

UNIT-IV

Green Economy: New model for development, Green economy and green economy initiatives,

Role of UNEP. Brundtland Commission. ecological economics Economic Growth and the

Environment: Environmental Kuznets’ curve, Foreign Direct Investment and the Environmental

quality.

Reference Books

Allen V. Kneese and James L. Sweeney, eds. Handbook of Natural Resource and

Energy Economics, Chapters 2,12,14,17, North Holland,1985

Bohm, P. and Russell, C., `Comparative Analysis of Alternative Policy Instruments’,

Chap. 10 in Handbook of Natural Resource and Energy Economics, Vol.I Ed. A.V.

Field, B.C., Environmental Economics: An Introduction, McGraw Hill, 1994

Fisher, A.C., Environment and Resource Economics, Selected readings, New

Horizon in Environmental Economics, Ed. W.E. Oates, 1995.

Hanley, Nick, Jason F. Shogren & Ben White: Environmental Economics in Theory and

Practice, New Delhi: Macmillan –India, 1997.

James, D.E., Economic Approaches to Environmental Problems: Techniques and

Results of Empirical Analysis, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., 1978.

Kolstad Charles., Environmental Economics,New Delhi: Oxford University Press,2010

14

Mehta, S., S. Mundle and U. Sankar, `Incentives and Regulation for Pollution Control’,

Sage, 1997..

Oates, W.E., Economics of the Environment, 1992.

Sankar, U. (ed.) Environmental Economics, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2001.

SEMESTER -II

MSE 201: Environmental Pollution

UNIT-I Air Pollution: Sources, Species of pollutants, classification – criteria and specific pollutants.

Residence time and fate of air pollutants. Effects of air pollution on plants, human health,

materials and ecosystems.Synergistic effects of air pollutants. Sampling and analysis of air

pollutants, SOx, NOx-NOy, CO, formaldehyde, ozone, methane and non-methane hydrocarbons.

Suspended particulate matter- coarse and fine fractions [TSPM- PM10 -PM2.5] size distributions.

Chemical composition; Trace metals - Source identification and apportionment –Markers and

signatures. Air pollutant dispersion and modeling. Plume behaviour. Bioaerosols. Air quality and

emission standards.

UNIT-II

Water Pollution: Sources, species and water quality parameters. Organic and inorganic

pollutants, sewage, leachates, eutrophication, heavy metals. Transport of pollutants in aquatic

ecosystems. Bioaccumulation, Biomagnification. Bioindicators. Characteristics of domestic,

industrial and agricultural wastes, their effects on receiving water bodies (surface, ground, and

marine); sampling and analysis, thermal pollution- sources and impact on aquatic ecosystems and

productivity. CPCB discharge standards - general and MINAS.

UNIT-III Soil Pollution: Sources of Soil pollution - industrial effluents, fertilizers, pesticides, heavy

metals, waste disposal. Detrimental effects of soil pollutants on flora, fauna and ground water.

Sampling devices, methods and analysis.

UNIT-IV Noise Pollution: Sources, sound pressure level, decibels, intensity, duration, pitch, noise-spectra-

octave bands, noise-monitoring-sound level meter, frequency weighting net-works, equivalent

continuous noise level and other noise indices. Effects of noise pollution on human and animals.

Permissible standards.

Reference Books





Enquiry and Applications. 2nd ed. Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi. 2004.

Davis, M.L. and Cornwell, D.A. Introduction to Environmental Engineering. WCB/McGraw-

Hill Publications, ISBN-0-07-115234-2. 1998.

De, A.K., Environmental Chemistry. New Age International (P) Ltd. Publishers,

15

New Delhi. 2000.



Hammer, M.J. & Hammer, M.J. Jr., Water & Waste Water Technology. Prentice

Hall. 2000.

Kemp, M. J. Environmental Science. The McGraw-Hill Companies 1997.

Liptak. Environmental engineering. Vol.1,2,3.

McEldowney, S. Pollution: Ecology and Biotreatment. Longman Grup.1995.

Moore, J. W. The changing Environment. Springer-Verlag. 1986.

Raven, Peter H., Berg, Linda R. and Hassenzahl, David M. Environment. 6th ed.

John Wiley & Sons., USA. 2008.

Sanai, V.S. Fundamentals of Soil. Kalayani Publishers, New Delhi. 1990.

Schmoor, J. L. Environmental Modelling. A Wiley-Interscience Publication. John Wiley and

Sons. Inc. 1996.

Sharma, B.K. Environmental Chemistry, Goel Publishing House, Meerut. 2000.

Warren Viessman Jr. and Mark J. Hammer, Water Supply and Pollution Control, Pearson

Education [Singapore] Pvt Ltd., Delhi, 2005, ISBN 81-297-1154-0

Zizac. Water Pollution.

MSE -202: Environmental Policies, Legislations and Ethics

UNIT-I

Environmental Policy: National Environmental Policy, National Policy on EIA and Regulatory

framework, State Environmental issues and policy framework. Constitutional Provisions (Article

48A, 51A). Role of Ministry of Environment & Forests, Central and State Pollution Control

Boards.

UNIT-II

Acts, Rules and Regulations: Acts, rules and amendments thereof - Wildlife (Protection) Act

1972, Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974; Forest Conservation Act 1980,

Environment (Protection) Act 1986, Environmental Protection Act & Environmental rules 1986.

Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981; Bio-Medical Waste (Management &

Handling) Rules, 1998; EIA rules, Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling Rules, 1989);

Transboundary Movement Rules, 2008. Plastics manufacture, Sale and Usage Rules, 1999.

Coastal Regulation Zones (CRZ) Rules 1991. Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991. Rules,

Regulations and Guidelines given for Municipal Solid Waste [MSW]; Electronic Waste [EW];

Industrial Location Policy.

UNIT-III

Environmental Treaties and Conventions: Evolution and development of International

Environmental laws with reference to Stockholm Conference on Human Environment, 1972,

Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, 1971, Montreal Protocol, 1987, Basel Convention (1989,

1992), Earth Summit at Rio de Janeiro, 1992, UNEP, GEF, UNFCC and IPCC, Kyoto Protocol,

16

1997; Earth Summit at Johannesburg, 2002. UN Summit on Millennium Development Goals

2000, Copenhagen Summit 2009.

UNIT-IV

Environmental Ethics and Landmark Judgments: Value education, individual, community,

corporate social responsibility. Movements related to Environment – Sacred groves, Bishnoi

tradition, Chipko movement, Tehri dam, Sardar Sarovar, Narmada dam, Almatti dam, Silent

Valley. Role of NGOs. Sustainable Development: Definition and concepts. Supreme Court

directive on introduction of subject of environmental studies at different levels, introduction of

CNG in public transport. Compensatory Afforestation. Environmentally Significant Days.

Reference Books

Constitution of India [Referred articles from Part-III, Part-IV and Part-IV-A].

CPCB, 2010, [Revised], Pollution Control Acts, Rules and Notifications Issued

there under.

Declaration of: The Stockholm Conference, Rio, Rio+5 and Rio+10.

Jaswal, P.S. and Jaswal, N. Environmental Law. Pioneer Publications, Delhi. 2003.

Leelakrishnan, P. Environmental Law in India. LexisNexis Butterworths Wadhwa,

Nagpur. 2005.

Shastri, S.C. Environmental law in India. Eastern Book Co, Lucknow. 2008.

The Wildlife [Protection] Act, 1972 [as amended up to 1991, Natraj Publishers, Dehradun,

India, 1994.

Tiwari, R. K. Global Environmental Policies. A B D Publishers.2007.

MSE 203: Instrumentation for Environmental Monitoring and Analysis

UNIT-I

Sampling Methods: Sampling methodologies for Air, Water, Soil, Noise and Radioactivity in

environmental matrices. Sampling protocols- Selection of sites, Time and frequency for sampling.

Preservation, Storage and Handling of samples. Good Laboratory Practices.

UNIT-II

Analytical Instruments: Principles, working and applications of High volume sampler,

Respirable Sampler, Impactors, Cyclones, Particle Size Analyser, Gas Analysers,

Spectrophotometer (UV-Visible), Flame Photometer, Atomic Absorption spectrophotometer

(AAS).

UNIT-III

Advanced Microscopy and Chromatographs: Principles, working and applications of Phase

contrast, fluorescent, polarization Microscopes, SEM. Gas Chromatograph (GC), GC-MS, HPLC,

Ion chromatograph, X-ray diffraction, ED-XRF, WD-XRF, ICP-MS, ICP-AES,

UNIT-IV

Radiation Detectors and Monitors: Principles and working of radiation detectors- gas filled,

scintillation(inorganic and organic) and semiconductor. Principles and working of Alpha Counter,

Beta Counter, Gamma-ray Spectrometer, Liquid scintillation Counter, Beta-Gamma survey

meters, Alpha, Beta and Gamma contamination Monitors.

17

Reference Books


Chatwal, G. R., and Anand, S. K. Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis.

Himalaya Publishing House, Delhi. 2007.

De, A.K. Environmental Chemistry, New Age International, New Delhi. 2000.

Keith, L. H. Principles of Environmental Sampling. American Chemical Society.1988.

Murphy, W.J. Analytical Chemistry, American Chemical Society, USA. 1977

Reeve, R. Introduction to Environmental Analysis. John Willey & Sns.2002.

Shukla, S. K. and Srivastava, P. R. Methodology of Environmental monitoring and

Assessment. Commonwealth Publishers.1992.

MSE 204: Pollution Control Technology

UNIT-I

Air Pollution Control: Air quality surveillance network. Stack emission monitoring. Air Quality

Monitoring Programme. Preliminary information required for planning an air quality survey;

Guidelines for planning a survey. Mitigation of air pollution, mechanical and engineering

methods. Control of air pollutants: General methods of control of Gaseous pollutants- scrubbers,

condensers, control equipment for particulate matter-gravity settling chambers, cyclone, fabric

filters, electrostatic precipitators, Hybrid Filter (Combination of ESP and Bag House). Green belt.

Control of Mobile Sources of Emissions. Automobile Exhausts, Type of pollutants: Indian Auto

emission standard –BHARAT- I to IV: Problems associated with automobile pollution, and

control measures.

UNIT-III

Control Technology for Drinking Water :Treatment for Clean Water: Water Treatment Plant

Procedures, flocculation, settling, filtration, reverse sand filter, cleaning, chlorination, chemical

oxidation, Disinfection mechanism: Ozone, permanganate, chlorination., Reverse osmosis, Ultra

filtration; Water quality standards.

UNIT-IV

Industrial Effluent and Sewage Treatment: Design characteristics of a typical industrial ETP

and STP. Sewage treatment: Pre-treatment, Primary- secondary and tertiary treatment methods;

Trickling filters, rotatory biological contactors, UASB reactors, percentage removal and overall

efficiency; physical, chemical and biological methods of treatment. Screening: Designs of Fixed

and Rotary Screens; Separation & design of grit chambers; velocity control devices; Detritus

tanks; Centrifugal devices; Disposal of grit; Oil and grease separation. Lamella clarifier

Technology

Reference Books

Air Pollution Control Engineering, Ed. Noel De Nevers, McGraw-Hill International

Editions, 2000, ISBN 0-07-116207-0.

Air Quality Management, Issues in Environmental Science & Technology –Pub-8, Eds. K.E.

Hester and R.M. Harrison, The Royal Society of Chmistry, Uk, 1997.

18

APHA, Standard Methods of Analysis for Water and Waste Water, American Public Health

Association Publication, 2004.

Bhargava, S. K. Practical Methods for Water and Air Pollution Monitoring, New

Age International Pub., New Delhi. 2008.

Bhatia, S.C. Textbook of Air Pollution and Its Control. Atlantic Pub., New Delhi.

2007.

Clarke, Andrew G. Industrial Air Pollution Monitoring, Gaseous and Particulate

Emissions, Springer. 2008.

Evans, G. Biowaste and Biological Waste Treatment. James and James (Science

Publishers) Ltd, U.K. 2005.

Gurnham, C. F. Principle of Industrial Waste Treatment. John Wiley & Sons Inc,

New York. 2004.

Hammer, M.J. and Hammer Jr, M.J. Water and Wastewater Technology. 3rd ed.

Prentice Hall of India. 2000.

Kumar, R and Singh, R.N. Municipal Water and Wastewater Treatment. Capitol

Pub. Co., New Delhi. 2006.

Ray, T.K. Air Pollution Control in Industries. Tech Books International, New Delhi

(2 volumes). 2006.

Stern, A.C. Air Pollution, Vol. 1-VIII, Academic Press. (1980).

Tchobanoglous, G., Burton, F.H., and Stensel, D. Wastewater Engineering:

Treatment and Reuse. Metcalf & Eddy, Inc., McGraw-Hill, USA. 2003.

Wastewater Engineering , Trratment, Disposal and Reuse, Metcalf and Eddy [Authors are

not Quoted], Civil Engg. Series, McGraw-Hill International Editions, Singapore

Rights,1991 [Revised Edition].

MSE 205 : Practical- Semester - II

Environmental Pollution

Air quality

1. Determination of SPM in ambient air by high volume sampler

2. Determination of RSPM

3. Sampling and Analysis of SO2, NO2, NH3 by wet chemistry grab sampling method.

4. Measurement of noise in silence , industrial, residential and commercial zones.

5. Determination of Dust Retaining Capacity of plants (APT index)

Water quality

6. Determination of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) – 3 Day 280C or 5 day 20

0C [see

CPCB or RPCB guidelines]

7. Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)

8. Determination of Carbonate and bicarbonate alkalinity

9. Experiments related to Microbiological analysis of waste water MPN, Total and Faecal

coliforms [in potable water], other organisms

10. Determination of Dissolve Oxygen by Azide modification method and Oxiymeter

19

11. Estimations of fluorides and arsenic in ground water.

12. Determination of Suspended Solids and Dissolved solids

13. Determination of oils and grease

Remote Sensing and GIS

14. Study of SOI Topographical Maps and Satellite Image

15. Digitization- Point, Line, Polygon data

16. Data Conversion-Vector to Raster, Raster to Vector

17. Preparation of Land Use/Land Cover Maps using visual and digital interpretation

18. Techniques GPS Surveying and Hands on GPS Operation

19. Remote Sensing and GIS applications for environmental monitoring- A case study

MSE 206 : Remote Sensing and GIS for Environmental Science

UNIT-I

Fundamentals of Remote sensing: Principles of remote sensing (Optical/Microwave) -

principles of Aerial photography, Imaging systems, satellites, sensors, data generation. History of

remote sensing. Hyper spectral remote sensing.

UNIT-II

Image Interpretation: Principles of image interpretation, visual image interpretation. Digital

image processing- Image enhancement, image rectification, image classification techniques and

Accuracy assessment.

UNIT-III

Applications of remote sensing: Remote sensing based land use/land cover mapping, urban

landscape mapping, industrial land use, remote sensing of vegetation-spectral characters of

vegetation, landscape ecology, remote sensing of vegetation change, remote sensing for

biodiversity applications, remote sensing for climate change studies, remote sensing of desert

vegetation, remote sensing of surface water, biophysical characteristics, remote sensing for soil

studies, remote sensing for flood mapping, flood damage assessment, drought assessment,

desertification and water shed management.

UNIT – IV

GIS and GPS system: GIS concepts. Basic concepts of cartography. Data structures - vector and

raster data. Data inputting, Data storage, Data editing. Hardware and Software requirement.

Application of GIS for environmental studies - a case study. GIS as decision support system,

GPS: concepts, available constellations, accuracy and types of errors, types of GPS machines,

applications for surveying and mapping, interface of GPS data with GIS.

Reference Books

George Joseph, Fundamentals of remote sensing, Universities press (India) Pvt Ltd.,

Hyderabad, 2003

Jenson, J.R. Introductory Digital Image Processing: Prentice Hall Series, 1996.

Jensen, J.R., Remote Sensing of the Environment – An Earth Resources Perspectiv, Pearson

Education, Inc. (Singapore) Pvt. Ltd., Indian edition, Delhi, 2000.

Lillesand, Thomas M. and Kiefer, Ralph, W., Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, John

Wiley and Sons, New York, 2000.

Michael N. Demers. Fundamentals of Geographical Information Systems. John Wiley & Sons,

Inc. 2008.

http://www.amazon.com/Fundamentals-Geographical-Information-Systems-Michael/dp/0470129069/ref=dp_ob_title_bk

20

Rampal, K.K., Handbook of Aerial Photography and Interpretation, Concept Publishing

Company, New Delhi, 1999

Saxena, H.M. Environmental Geography, Milton Book Company.

MES 206: Environmental Disasters and Management

UNIT- I

Disaster- Causes and phases of disaster, Rapid onset and slow onset disasters. Nature and

responses to geo-hazards, trends in climatology, meteorology and hydrology. Seismic activities.

Changes in Coastal zone, coastal erosion, beach protection. Coastal erosion due to natural and

man made structures.

UNIT- II

Floods and Cyclones: causes of flooding, Hazards associated with flooding. Flood forecasting.

Flood management, Integrated Flood Management and Information System (IFMIS), Flood

control. Water related hazards- Structure and nature of tropical cyclone, Tsunamis – causes and

physical characteristics, mitigation of risks.

UNIT- III

Earthquakes: Causes and characteristics of ground-motion, earthquake scales, magnitude and

intensity, earthquake hazards and risks, Volcanic land forms, eruptions, early warning from

satellites, risk mitigation and training, Landslides, rock-falls, avalanches, mine related hazards

and mitigation.

UNIT- IV

Mitigation efforts: UN draft resolution on Strengthening of Coordination of Humanitarian

Emergency Assistance, International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR), Policy for

disaster reduction, problems of financing and insurance. Training for emergency.

Regulation/guidelines for disaster tolerance building structures.

Reference Books:

Bolt, B.A. Earthquakes , W. H. Freeman and Company, New York. 1988

Carter, N,W. Disaster Management: A Disaster Manager’s Hand Book, Asian

Development Bank, Manila. 1992

Gautam Ashutosh. Earthquake: A Natural Disaster, Ashok Publishing House,

New Delhi. 1994

Sahni, P.and Malagola M. (Eds.).Disaster Risk Reduction in South Asia,

Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi. 2003.

Sharma, V.K. (Ed.). Disaster Management, IIPA, New Delhi. 1995.

Singh T. Disaster management Approaches and Strategies, Akansha Publishing

House, New Delhi. 2006

Sinha, D. K. Towards Basics of Natural Disaster Reduction, Research Book

Centre, New Delhi. 2006

Smith, K. Environmental Health, Assessing Risk and Reduction Disaster, 3rd

Edition, Routledge, London. 2001

21

Thomas Babu. Disaster Response: A Handbook for Emergencies, CASA, New

Delhi.1993.

Ward, R. Floods- A Geographical Perspective , MacMillan Press Ltd. New Delhi.

1978.

SEMESTER -III

MSE 301: Occupational Health, Safety and Waste Management

UNIT-I Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene: Occupational hazards in industries and other

sectors, Safety requirements and Measures, Industrial hygiene and Occupational health- Indian

Scenario. Occupational diseases- Pneumoconiosis, Silicosis, Anthracosis, Byssinosis, Bagasosis,

Asbestosis, Farmer’s lung, Metal poisoning, Occupational cancer, Occupational dermatitis,

Radiation Hazards. Role of WHO in occupational health, Global Occupational Health Network

(GOHNET),

UNIT-II

Solid Wastes and their management : Types of wastes – Municipal and industrial wastes,

domestic waste; sewage and sludge; agricultural waste. Solid waste characterization: ultimate and

proximate analysis; Integrated Solid waste Management; Waste reduction at source, volume

reduction, Collection techniques/Methods and Transport of solid waste. Recycling, treatment and

disposal techniques. Landfill -landfilling methods and operation. Leachate and Landfill gas,

Leachate management; composting, vermi-composting, biofertilizers, Energy from Waste-

Incineration, Pyrolysis, Gasification, Refuse derived fuels, Biogas.

UNIT-III

Industrial Effluents and their Management:

Wastes from Industries- Petrochemical industries, Oil Refineries, textile, sugar, pulp and paper,

cement, distilleries, dairy, food processing, mining. Collection, segregation, transport, treatment

and disposal of effluents. Standards for disposal of treated effluents; Common Effluent

Treatment Plants (CETP). Re-cycling and re-use of treated effluents-technologies. Concept of

zero discharge. Waterborne diseases.

UNIT-IV

Biomedical Wastes and their Management: Types of solids, liquids, sharps, blood and blood

tissue, nuclear medicinal wastes; segregation and designated storage of biomedical wastes.

Transport of medical waste: Authorization and accidental spilling reporting ; Biomedical waste

treatment and disposal methods: Incineration.

Reference Books

Acharya, D.B. and Singh, M. Hospital Waste Management. Minerva Press, Delhi. 2003.

Alleman, J. E. and Karanagh, J. T. Industrial Waste. Ann Arbor Science.1982.

Bhatia, S.C. Solid and Hazardous Waste Management. Atlantic Publishers.2007.

Blackman, W.C. Basic Hazardous Waste Management. CRC Press, USA. 2001.



Hasan Syed E. Geology and Hazardous Waste Managemet, Prentice Hall, USA, 1996.

Kreith, F. Handbook of Solid Waste Management. McGraw Hill Publishers, USA.

22

1999.

LaGrega M.D., Buckingham, P.L. and Evans J.C., Hazardous Waste Management,

McGraw Hill International Publications, Singapore, 1994 – Revised Edition

Available – ISBN 0-07-113454-9.

Moore, J. W. The changing Environment. Springer-Verlag. 1986.

Pichtel, J. Waste Management Practices: Municipal, Hazardous, and Industrial.

CRC Press, USA. 2005.

Shah, K. L. Basics of Solid and Hazardous Waste Management Technology.

McGraw Hill, USA. 1999.

Sloan, William M., (Ed). Site Selection for New Hazardous Waste Management Facilities,

WHO Regional Publications, European Series 46, 1993.

Tchobanogloas, G. Integrated Solid Waste Management: Engineering, Principle and

Management. McGraw Hill, USA. 1993.

Vesilind, P. A., Worrell, W. and Reinhart, D. Solid Waste Engineering. Brooks/Cole

Thomson Learning Inc., USA. 2002.

Williams, P.T. Waste Treatment and Disposal. John Wiley and Sons, USA. 2005.

MSE 302: Statistics, Environmental Modeling and Research Methodology

UNIT-I

Statistical Analysis: Sampling, Data collection and recording. Central tendency – concept;

arithmetic mean, mode, median for ungrouped and grouped data. Measures of dispersion:

absolute and relative measures; range, standard deviation (grouped and ungrouped data),

variance, quartile deviation, coefficient of variability. Skewness, Kurtosis; Probability - normal,

poisson and binomial

UNIT-II

Probability and Tests of Significance: Statistical Methods: Hypothesis testing, significance and

correlation. Correlation. Linear models and regressions. Pearson and other correlation

coefficients. Multiple Regressions, Distribution- Normal, t and chi square test, Difference among

means: F-test: 1 way ANOVA; F-test: 2 ways ANOVA.

UNIT-III

Environmental Model Approaches: Approaches to development of models; linear simple and

multiple regression models; models of population growth and interactions: Lotka-Volterra model,

Leslie’s matrix model, Point source stream pollution model, Box model, Gaussian plume model,

Compartmental model of forests ecosystem, Computer applications in environmental modeling.

Computer-based modeling for population Ecosystem analysis- Matrices, Set theory, Hypothetical

models, Steady –state conditions.

UNIT-IV

Research Methodology: Basic principles of research design, execution and reporting; Concept of

research articles, research papers, reviews, scientific popular articles; Components of a Research

Article (title, author-line, address, abstract, summary, hypothesis, keywords, introduction,

methodology, observations, discussion, conclusion, citing relevant work of others); Reference

protocols ; Copyright Act (in brief), Plagiarism, Cheating / academic frauds; process of

reviewing; Concept of Impact factor; H-Index.

23

Reference Books

Bailey, N.T.J. Statistical Methods in Biology. 3rd ed. Cambridge University Press,

Cambridge, UK. 1994.

Banerjee, P.K.. Introduction to Biostatistics. S. Chand and Co., New Delhi. 2004.

Central Statistical Organization. Compendium of Environmental Statistics India 2003.

Ministry of Statistics & Programme implementation. GOI, New Delhi

Gardiner, W. P. Statistics for biosciences. Prentice hall, Hamel Hempstead.1997.

Gerstman, B.B. Basic Biostatics – Statistics for Public Health Practice. Janes and

Bartlett Pub., U.K. 2008.

Goodchild, M. F., Parks, B. O., Steyaert, L. T. Environmental Modeling with GIS. Oxford

University Press. 1993.

Jakeman, A. J., Beck, M. B. and McAleer, M. J. Modeling Change in Environmental System.

John Wiley and Sons.1993.

Kothari, C.R. Research Methodology – Methods and Techniques. 2nd revised ed. New

Age International (P) Ltd. Publishers, New Delhi. 2007.

Marden, M. P. Research Methods for Science Ist edition. Paperback March.2011.

McKillup, S. Statistics Explained. An Introdcutory Guide for Life Scientists.

Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 2006.

Moore, P.and Cobby, J. Introductory Statistics for Environmentalists. Prentice hall, Hamel

Hempstead.1998.

Prosser, J. Image Based Research. Falmerpress.1991

Rastogi, V.B. Fundamentals of Biostatistics. Ane Books India, New Delhi. 2007.

Schmoor, J. L. Environmental Modelling. A Wiley-Interscience Publication. John Wiley and

Sons. Inc. 1996.

Sokal, R.R. and Rohlf, F.J. Biometry: The Principles and Practice of Statistics in

Biological Research. 3rd ed. W.H. Freeman and Co., USA. 1995.

Wainwright, J. and Mulligan, M. Environmental Modeling. : John Wiley and Sons. 2004.

Wrigglesworth, J. M. Biochemical Research Techniques. John Willy & Sons.1983.

Zar, Jerrold H.. Biostatistical Analysis. Prentice Hall, N.J.1998.

24

MSE 303: Environmental Biotechnology

UNIT-I

Genetic Engineering: Introduction to genetic engineering, Restriction endonucleases, properties

of restriction enzymes, introduction of cloned genes into new hosts using plasmid and phage

vector systems, isolation of plasmids, DNA – cloning of DNA fragments, Cloning of single

stranded DNA, Shuttle vectors and their environmental applications.

UNIT-II

Technology for Bioremediation: Recombinant DNA Technology, development of genetically

engineered microorganisms (GEMs), Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and development of

gene probes for environmental remediation: Role of plants and microbes in In-situ and Ex-situ

bioremediation of contaminated ecosystems; Use of GEMs in bioremediation, Release of GEMs

in environment. Airborne microbes, Suicide genes. Micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS),

Genosensor technology, Gene probes Nah Operon

UNIT- III

Xenobiotics and Biodegradation: Xenobiotics, Integrated treatment system for biodegradation

of Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) PCB treatment process and design, Enzymes contributing to

industrial sustainable development. Starch processing, detergents, textile, leather, pulp and paper

manufacture, Industrial ecology, Biochemical measures of Stress, Mixed Function Oxidases

(MFOs), Fermentation Technology, Absorption, distribution and elimination of toxic agents,

Biodegradation of halogenated hydrocarbons; polycyclic aromatic hydrogen; Pesticides and

Detergents.

UNIT-IV

Biotechnology for Management of Resources: Bio-transformation of heavy metals ; Oil field

microbiology; Improved oil recovery; Role of environmental biotechnology in management of

resources; Reclamation of wasteland; Biomass production; Biogas and biofuel production,

Microorganisms in mineral and energy recovery, Nanotechnology for control of pollution.

Reference Books

Evano, G.H. and Furlong, J.C. Environmental Biotechnology – Theory and

Application. John Wiley and Sons, USA. 2004.

Jjemba, P.K. Environmental Microbiology – Theory and Application. Science Pub.

Inc., USA. 2004.

Olguin, C. J., Sanchez, G., Hernandez. E. Environmental Biotechnology and Cleaner

Bioprocesses. Taylor & Francis.2000.

Pepper, I.L. and Gerba, C.P. Environmental Microbiology - Laboratory Manaul.

Elsevier, USA. 2005.

Ratledge, C. and Kristiansen, B. Basic Biotechnology. 2nd ed. Cambridge University

Press, Cambridge, UK. 2002.

Rittman, B. and McCarty, P. L. Environmental Biotechnology: Principles and

Applications. 2nd edition. Tata McGraw-Hill, USA. 2000.

Rittmann, B.E. and McCarty, P.L. Environmental Biotechnology – Theory and

Application. McGraw Hill, USA. 2001.

25

MSE 304: Climate Change and Clean Technology

UNIT-I

Science of Climate Change: Drivers of climate change- green house gases, aerosols – reflective

and black carbon, land use changes. Energy balance, feed-back processes in climate system,

concepts of global warming potential (GWP), radiative forcing.

UNIT-II

Green House Gases: Trends of Emission of Carbon dioxide, Nitrous Oxide, methane, CFCs,

Sulphur hexafluoride. GHG inventories. Sectoral emissions. Time series plots of GHGs and

temperature.

UNIT-II

Climate Change Impacts: Impact of Climate Change on weather and climatic patterns, ice

caps, glaciers, agriculture, vegetation, biodiversity, sea level, tourism and their implications.

UNIT-IV

Clean Technology: Imperatives of clean technology in the context of mitigation and adaptation

measures. CDM concept, CDM scenario in India, CDM projects sector-wise, National Action

Plan on Climate Change, sustainable habitat, concept of Green architecture. Carbon trading;

carbon credits; Carbon sequestration; Carbon Footprint. Issues of Energy security, Food Security

and Social security.

Reference Books



Burroughs, W.J. Climate Change: A Multidisciplinary Approach. 2nd ed. Cambridge

University Press. 2007.

Chasek, P. S. The Global Environment in the Twenty-First Century - Prospects for

International Co-operation. Indian Reprint by Manas Publications, New Delhi. 2004.

Claussen, E. ed. Climate Change: Scenario, Strategies and Solutions. Arlington

VA. 2001.

Dash, S. K. Climate Change-An Indian Perspective. Centre for Environment

Education and Cambridge University Press Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 2007.

Dodds, F. (ed.). Earth Summit. 2002. A New Deal. Earthscan Publications Ltd., UK.

2002.



Hardy, John T. Climate Change: Causes, Effects, Solutions. Wiley & Sons, USA.

2003.

Harris, F. Global Environmental Issues. Wiley & Sons, Inc., USA. 2004.

Harvey L. D. D. Global Warming: The Hard Science. NY: Prentice-Hall.2000.

IPCC, Emission Scenarios, Inter Governmental Panel on Climate Change,Cambridge

University Press, 2000. Recent Reports of IGBP are available on request.

26

Silver C. S. and DeFries, R. S. One Earth one Future: - Our Changing Global

Environment. East-West Press Edition, 1991.

Singh, J.S., Singh, S.P. and Gupta, S.R. Ecology, Environment and Resource

Conservation. Anamaya Publishers, New Delhi, India. 2006.

Speth, J. C. Global Environmental Challenges – Transitions to a Sustainable World.

Orient Longman Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 2004.

UNEP. Global Environmental Outlook 3: Past, Present and Future. Earthscan

Publications. 2002.

MSE 305: Practical -Semester III

Solid waste/Biomedical waste

1. To determine calorific value by calculation

2. To determine physical composition of solid wastes

3. To determine moisture content, pH and conductivity of solid wastes sample.

4. To determine NPK in solid waste material

5. To determine C/N ratio

6. Data on the various methods of handling and transport of hospital wastes in the city.

7. A visit to normal and secured landfill site, biological composting/vermicomposting

Statistics

8. Calculation of mean, mode, median, standard error, standard deviation.

9. Regression analysis and application of statistical tests in environmental problems.

10. Use of Chi-square, F-test and t- test.

11. Calculation of Coefficient of Correlation.

12. Principle component analysis of environmental variable

13. Use of statistical software and their usage

14. Fitting of polymonials to environmental data

15. Application of Duncan’s multiple range test: Dunnett’s and Tukey’s test

Modeling/Ecosystem Analysis

16. Prepare a compartmental/Box Model of a forest ecosystem showing components and

transfer routs.

17. Determine transfer rates between different components (Ecosystem analysis)

18. Determine steady-state conditions of different components (Ecosystem analysis)

Bio-technology

19. Survey of microorganisms of water and soil

20. Isolation of DNA

21. Multiplication of DNA by PCR technique

22. Graphic presentation of technique for development of Genetically modified crops

Climate Change

23. To study of climate Change Models

24. Record and analysis of climate trends over a long period by taking meteorological data of

rainfall and temperature.

25. Study of land use patterns, impact on biodiversity over a period of time.

26. Calculation of the carbon footprint of some anthropogenic activities.

27. Enlist various green buildings in India and world.

28. Study of rain water harvesting structure.

29. Survey of market for environmental sound products (eco-labelling)

30. Visit to a Cement Industry to know about CDM it has followed.

27

MSE 306: Socially supportive

SEMESTER -IV

MSE 401: Environmental Impact Assessment

UNIT-I

Overview of EIA; Objectives and development of EIA. Benefits of EIA, Indian directions of

EIA. Rapid and comprehensive EIA perspectives. Sources and collection of data for EIA.

UNIT-II

EIA Methodology: Outline of EIA process, Screening, Scoping, Purpose of scoping, impact

implications, Baseline studies and superimposition of projected plant emission impacts; reliability

of database; intrinsic and extenal database supports and interpretation; checklist, matrices,

Overlays and Geographical Information System, Impact analysis and Predictions, Environmental

Impact Statement [EIS]; Public hearing as part of EIA; EIA report.

UNIT-III

Environmental Management and ISO Certification: Environmental Management Systems

(EMS), ISO 14000 (EMS). Components of Environmental Management System-Objectives,

Policies, Implementation and Review. Life Cycle Analysis –LCA. Waste minimization and

product augmentation.

UNIT-IV

Public Participation: Social impact assessment (SIA), Strategic Environmental Assessment

(SEA), Public involvement, Public Hearing compulsion, restoration and rehabilitation

methodologies, Mitigation criteria, Project modification, Post project analysis.

Reference Books

Anjaneyulu, Y. and Manickam, V. Environmental Impact Assessment Methodologies. B.S.

Publications.2002.

Boland, R.G.A. (Ed) Environmental Management Training. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. New

Delhi, 1993.

Canter, L. Environmental Impact Assessment.2nd

Edition. McGraw-hill Book Company, New

York.1996.

Cutter, S.L.. Environmental Risks and Hazards. Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.

1999.

Glasson, J. Therivel, R. and Chadwick, A.. Introduction to Environmental Impact

Assessment. Routledge, London. 2006.

Kulkarni, V. and Ramachandra, T.V.. Environmental Management. Capitol Pub. Co.,

New Delhi. 2006.

Morris, P. and Therivel R. (Eds) Methods of Environmental Impact Assessment. 2nd

Edition,

Spon Press London. 2001.

Paliwal, U.L. Environment Audit. Indus Valley Publications. Jaipur2002

Petts, J. Handbook of Environmental Impact Assessment- Volume 1 and 2. Blackwell

28

Publishers, UK 2005.

MSE 402: Environmental Clearance and Environmental Audit

UNIT-I

EIA Notification: EIA in Indian context, EIA Notification 2006, Prior environmental clearance

requirements, EIA authority - State and Central government, Committees for Environmental

Clearance, Application for EC, Form 1- contents. Categorization of projects, list of projects,

activity, financial overlays, conditions and specifications.

UNIT-II

Project types: General idea, categorization criteria important considerations/features

developmental projects - mining, cement industry, group housing, Township development,

commercial malls, Star hotels, educational institutions, thermal power, textile, pulp and paper

industry, biomass energy, fertilizer industry, Road/highway construction, Bridge construction,

Railway lines, Airports and SEZ.

UNIT-III

Reports for Environmental Clearance: Generic structure of environmental impact assessment

document – Executive summary of Project, Introduction, Project description, Project benefits,

Policy legal and administrative framework, EIA methodology, Description of Environment,

prediction of environmental impacts, evaluation of impacts, Environmental impact statement

(EIS), Impact evaluation, Environmental Management Plan (EMP), Disclosure of Consultants

engaged.

UNIT-IV

Environmental audit- objectives, frequency and criteria audit team, Environmental appraisal,

accounting and environmental audit. Environmental guidelines for siting of industry, Green

Balance Sheet (GBS), Status of compliance of mandatory and voluntary requirements for

industries -mineral, cement, pesticide and textile.

Reference Books

Bose, S. and Parekh, A. The Environment Audit:-Holy Grail or Essential Management Tool.

The Management Accountant.1994.

Corello, V. T., Mumpower, J. L., Stallen, P. J. M., Uppuluri, V. R. R. Environmental Impact

Assessment, Technology assessment and Risk Analysis. Springer-Verlag Berlin

Heidelberg.1985.

Glasson, J. Therivel, R. and Chadwick, A.. Introduction to Environmental Impact

Assessment. Routledge, London. 2006

GOI – Ministry of MoEF Gazette Notification under sub-rule (3) of Rule 5 of Environment

(Protection) Rules. 2006.

Morris, P. and Therivel R. (Eds) Methods of Environmental Impact Assessment. 2nd

Edition,

Spon Press London. 2001.

Petts, J. Handbook of Environmental Impact Assessment- Volume 1 and 2. Blackwell

Publishers, UK 2005.

Rajaraman, N. Environment Audit. The Management Accountant.1997.

29

Rao, P. S. and Rao, P. M. Environmental Management and Audit. Deep and Deep

Publications.2000.

Raymond, A. B. and Fenn, D. H. The Corporate Social Audit. Russell Sage Foundatio

New York.1992.

Timothy O. R. Environmental Impact Analysis and Risk Assessment in a Management

Perspective. Goodman and Rowe.1979.

MSE 403: Arid Environment and Adaptations

UNIT-I

General Features: General characteristics of deserts and desert biomes, causes of aridity, hot and

cold deserts, geomorphology, land-use and soils, atmospheric processes in deserts, climatic

characteristics, cloudiness and sunshine, wind patterns, precipitation variability, Evaporation,

Evapo-transpiration, solar radiations and its magnitude, Thar desert: Origin and paleoclimate,

physiography and land scape patterns, vegetation, crops, animals, livestocks.

UNIT II

Plant Resources: Phytogeography and plant adaptations in deserts, characteristics of Hills,

alluvium, sand dunes and sandy plains, saline areas and their floristic compositions and

community ecology, distribution, succession, biomass and economic value. Life cycle processes

and adaptive strategies in biotic and abiotic stresses, their models and forecasting, threatened

species.

UNIT III

Ecophysiology: Ecophysiology of desert plants, dormancy, viability, germination and water use

efficiency , water availability, productivity in Indian desert. C4 mechanism and Carbon dioxide

fixation, Energy flow, Nitrogen, carbon and microbial activity in desert habitats. Physiological

basis of responses to grazing, browsing, sand burial, fire, submergence, salinity and wind storms.

UNIT IV

Animal Adaptations : Diversity of desert animals, thermal water relation of desert animals,

temperature tolerance and heterothermy, cardiovascular adjustments in thermoregulation,

response to cold, water loss and moisture uptake, dehydration and ionic constituents. Renal

structure and function in desert animals, energy exchange budgets.

Reference Books

Bothma, J. duP. Carnivore Ecology in Arid Lands. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1998.

Cloudsley-Thompson, J.L. 1984, Key Environments, Sahara Desert, Oxford Pregmon

Press, London.

Epstein, E. 1972. Mineral Nutrition of Plants: Principles and Perspectives. Wiley

Publishers, New York.

Goodall, D.W. and Perry, R. 1981. Arid Zone Ecosystems. Vol.I Cambridge University

Press, Cambridge

Goodall, D.W. and Perry, R. 1981. Arid Zone Ecosystems. Vol.II Cambridge University

Press, Cambridge.

30

Gupta, R.K. and Prakash, I. 1975. Environmental Analysis of the Thar Desert. English

Book Depot, Dehradun.

Kalwar, S. C. Arid Ecology. Pointer Publishers.1999.

Krishnan, M.S. 1956. Geology of India and Burma. Higginborhams. Madras

Levit, J. 1972. Response of Plants to Environmental Stresses. Academic Press. New

York.

McGinnies, W. G. 1968. Deserts of the World – An appraisal of Research into their

Physical and Biological Environment. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.

McGinnies, W.G., Goldman, B.J. and Paylore, (Eds.) 1968. Deserts of the World.

University of Arizona Press. Tucson.

Prakash, I. 2001. Ecology of Desert Environments. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur.

Sen, D.N. 1978. Concepts of Indian Ecology. S. Nagin & Co. Jullundur.

Sen, D.N. 1982. Environment and Plant Life in Indian Desert. Geobios Intenational,

Jodhpur.

Wadia, D.N. Geology of India. MaMillan and Co. Ltd. London.

Wilson, E.O. 1992. The Diversity of Life. Allen Lane, The Penguin Press. London.

MSE404: Management of Arid lands and Desertification

UNIT-I

Desertification: Desertification, definition, extent and severity in India and other countries;

causes, processes, indicators and benchmarks, drought and desertification, water logging,

salinisation, vegetation degradation, water and wind erosion, ground water use and depletion,

socio-economic causes and impacts, mapping desertification and vulnerability, their impact on

policy interventions for community resilience, forecasting for desertification spread and severity,

Use of remote sensing. Drought early warning system. Impact of floods, frosts, heat and cold

waves in desert and preparedness for management (coping & mitigation). Combating

desertification for sustainability and livelihood support.

UNIT- II

Water Resources: Assessment of water resources, Ground water depletion, recharging and

ponding, watershed development for soil and water conservation, techniques of water saving, in

situ, ex situ rainwater conservation, pressurized irrigation, deficit and extensive irrigation,

sprinklers and drips, aquaculture, protected (poly/green house) cultivation, use of saline-sodic

water, domestic and industrial water management. Land degradation due to mining, gas and crude

exploration and conveyance, industrialization, power plants and canal irrigation. Management

tools and strategies for rehabilitation of degraded lands.

UNIT- III

31

Agro-forestry: Forest, agro-forestry and silvi-pastoral systems and management, Sand dune

stabilization, control of wind erosion –barrier, mechanical, biological, shelterbelts, wind breaks,

vegetative barrier, surface restructuring, zero tillage, strip cropping. pasture and rangeland

development and management, prediction of forage availability, community grazing land-

ecological and social issues in their management, pastoralism and transhumanse, people’s

participation. Livestock based farming systems, arid horticulture, alternate land use management,

Dryland agriculture-Principal crops, economic trees, shrubs, grasses and herbs. Low volume high

value crops (medicinal species), export oriented and industrial crops for diversification through

domestication, value addition, biotechnology for risk minimization/aversion, bio-risk

management (invasion).

UNIT- IV

Energy Resources: Energy-solar, wind, hydel, thermal and their potential in Indian arid zone,

efficiency of energy capture, conservation and use. Solar and wind energy appliances, bio-energy

and multiple roles in CDM source of energy, Decision support system for land use planning in

view of climate change and climatic variability. Policy: Global, national and regional policy and

concerns relating to biodiversity and desertification, ICDD, IPCC, DESCONAP, WTO, IPR,

TPNs and their relevance to arid lands.

Reference Books

Browman, D. I. Arid land use Strategies and Risk Management. Westview press.1987.

Dwivedi, A. P. and Gupta, G. N. Afforestation of Arid land.

Evenari, M. S., Hannan, L. and Tamdor, N.H. 1971. The Negev: The Challenge of a

Desert. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachussets.


Press, Cambridge


Press, Cambridge

Heady, H.F.1975. Rangeland Management.MacGraw Hill, New York.

Prakash, I. 2001. Ecology of Desert Environments. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur.

Sen, D.N. 1978. Concepts of Indian Ecology. S. Nagin & Co. Jullundur.

Taylor and Francis. Arid Land research and Management.

Van Dyne, G.M. 1969. The Ecosystem in Natural Resource Management. Academic

Press. New York.

Wittaker, R.H. 1970. Communities and Ecosystems. Macmillan, New York.

Walter, W. Herbivore Plant Interactions and Desertification in Arid Land. Springer verlag.

Publication.2010.

32

MSE 405: Project /Dissertation Semester –IV

A Project work/ Dissertation topic may be allotted by the department at the beginning of the

III Semester. Evaluation and Viva Voce will suffice the entire practical of IV semester.

Projects may be related to any topic of environment/ecology. However, an emphasis should be

given to:

1. Desert Environment

2. Water balance and climatic stresses

3. Arid land Resources

4. Energy and water issues in deserts

5. Desertification

6. Aravalli/desert ecosystem

7. Environmental aspects of Infrastructural development in Rajasthan.

8. Ground water depletion

9. Habitat modification - Canal irrigation and environment

10. Salinity conditions

11. Ground water Pollution

12. Mining and environment including Marbles and minerals

13. Inventories of elements like Sulphur, Calcium, Nitrogen, in different components of an

ecosystem and preparation of Biochemical Cycle therein

Students must have the practical knowledge of the following:

A. Environmental Impact Assessment for Infrastructural Projects

1. Listing of data required for EIA of a project (Thermal Power Plant/Cement Industry/

mineral mining/ Group Housing/ Biomass Energy/Highways.

2. List of Impacts at the stage of construction, operation and production.

3. EIA of: dam / Industry / Mining exploration/ Housing/ Thermal Power plant/Bridge /

railway tract/ urban city (Visits for EIA preparation).

4. Preparation of complete EIA Report for Environmental Clearance any sector

5. Preparation of an environmental audit of a unit (Institution/Industry)

6. Preparation of six monthly report of an industry or any activity.

7. Knowledge of EIA related software.

B, Desert Environment

1. Determination of aridity, wind patterns, precipitation variability (using meteorological

data), evaporation, evapotranspiration, solar radiations in desert environment.

2. Study of Climate Change in desert environments

3. Visit of a desert ecosystem and listing of important features

4. Study of plant adaptations - morphological and anatomical features of desert plants

including of saline habitats

5. To determine the water status of xerophytes (Rel. Turgidity, Water Saturation Deficit).

6. Study of biotic and abiotic stresses

7. Remote sensing and GIS for resource measurement and manangement

8. Survey for Desert Biodiversity- landscape biodiversity using remote sensing and GIS

9. Enlisting of threatened plant and animal species of desert

33

10. Study of adaptations of animals to desert environment- enlist characters/features

(examples of at least 2-3 animals)

11. Study of water economy in agriculture –techniques and mitigation and adaptations

12. Water harvesting and conservation

13. Study of wind energy appliances,

14. Potentials for bio-energy in deserts

MSE 406: Socially Supportive

Reference Books for Practical (Methods and Techniques)

Semester I-IV

APHA, Standard Methods for the examination of water and waste water. 18th Edition.

American Public Health Association. 1992.

Bailey, N.T.J. Statistical Methods in Biology. 3rd ed. Cambridge University Press,

Cambridge, UK. 1994.

Banerjee, P.K.. Introduction to Biostatistics. S. Chand and Co., New Delhi. 2004

Barrett, E.C. and Curtis, D.E.. Introduction to Environmental Remote Sensing.

Springer, USA 1992.

Bhargava, S. K. Practical Methods for Water and Air Pollution Monitoring, New

Age International Pub., New Delhi. 2008.

Chatwal, G. R., and Anand, S. K. Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis.

Himalaya Publishing House, Delhi. 2007.

De, A.K., Environmental Chemistry. New Age International (P) Ltd. Publishers,

New Delhi. 2000.



Evans Gareth M, Judith C. Furlong (Eds) Biotechnology: Theory and applications. Wiley

Blackwell. 2011

Henderson, P.A. Practical Methods in Ecology , Wiley-Blackwell, London. 2003.

Jones Allen. Practical Skills in Environmental Science, Prentice Hall, 2000

Morris Peter and Riki Therivel (Eds) Methos of Environmental Impact Assessment,

2nd

Edition, Spon Press, London. 2001.

Murphy, W.J. Analytical Chemistry, American Chemical Society, USA. 1977.

Pepper, I.L. and Gerba, C.P. Environmental Microbiology - Laboratory Manual.

Elsevier, USA. 2005.

Radojevic M. and Bhaskin, V.N. Practical Environmental Analysis, Royal Society

of Chemists, London. 2006.


34


Selvin, S. Biostatistics – How it Works. First Impression. Pearson Education Inc.,

New Delhi. 2007.

Watts Simon and Halliwell L. (Eds). Essential of Environmental Science:

Methods and Techniques. Routledge, London. 1996.

Central Universities Common Entrance Test (CUCET)

(Entrance Test for Admission to M.Sc. Environmental Science)

Pattern of the Entrance Test

100 multiple choice questions (MCQ) to be answered in two hours. The Question Paper will

have two parts ie. Part A and Part B. Part A consists of 35 MCQs, while Section B consists of 65

MCQs based on the subject/topics mentioned in the syllabus of entrance examination.

Syllabus for Entrance Examination:

Part A – Common for all disciplines

It will be of 45 minutes duration and will have 35 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs),

with four options: only one correct.

Syllabus for Part A: General environmental awareness, reasoning, analytical skills and

language proficiency of the medium of instruction-English.

Part B – Subject – It will be subject specific, of 75 minutes duration and will have 65 MCQs of

one mark each, with four options our of which only one correct. The questions will be asked

from four units as follows:

Unit –I Ecology and Environment 15 Questions

Unit-II Chemistry 20 Questions

Unit-III Life Science 15 Questions

Unit-IV Physics, Mathematics and Statistics 15 Questions

Syllabus of Part B

Unit –I Ecology and Environment: Ecological factors- climatic, edaphic and biotic. Ecosystem

structure and function, energy flow and biogeochemical cycling of water, Carbon, Nitrogen,

Phosphorus, Primary and secondary production, Biomes of the world. Environmental

degradation and conservation. Biodiversity and its conservation, Wildlife protection, Natural

resources- Soil/land, Minerals, energy, alternative sources of energy

Environmental pollutants; soil, water, air and noise pollution; major atmospheric pollutants; acid

rain, ozone and its reactions causing ozone layer depletion, effects of the depletion of ozone

layer, industrial air pollution. Global warming and green house effect. Pollution Control Boards.

35

Unit-II Chemistry : Structure of atom, Classification of elements – chemistry of rare gases,

Halogens, Halides, Oxygen and Oxides, Sulphur and Nitrogen compounds, Coordination

compounds , Radiation, Ist and IInd law of thermodynamics , Polarization, Chemical kinetics –

Photochemical reactions, Titrimetry, Gravimetric analysis, Fossil fuel – Natural gas, Commercial

plastic, Corrosion and control, Water and Waste Water treatment. Heavy metals and toxicity,

Fluoride contamination.

Biochemistry: Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Biochemical energetics, Enzymes – Properties –

Mechanism and factors – Vitamins and Coenzymes – Electrophoresis -Chromatography –

Spectroscopy – Centrifugation – Microscopy. Nucleic acids – DNA &RNA -Replication

recombinant DNA , Transformation and transduction

Unit-III: Life Sciences: Species concept, Nomenclature, Classification of Plant kingdom –

Salient features of Monocots and Dicots, Salient features of Algae, Fungi and their economic

importance, Characteristics of Bryophytes, Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. Life cycle of a

typical angiospermic plant,Transpiration, photosynsthesis, respiration and growth hormones,

Medicinal plants.

Prokariotic and Eukariotic Cells, Cell structure, Cell division – mitosis and meosis, Cell

differentiation, tissues, Mendelian ratios and their modifications, Mutations, Linkage and crossing

over, Classification of Animal Kingdom. Protozoa – Rhizopoda, Mastigophora, Sporozoa,

Ciliophora- their characteristics and medical importance – Salient features of metazoa and their

economic importance.

Unit-IV: Physics, Mathematics and Statistics: Laws of thermodynamics, electromagnetic

spectrum, X-ray, UV, visible, IR range of wavelengths, processes of absorption, scattering,

Rayleigh Scattering, diffraction. Photovoltaic cell (Solar Cell), , p-n semiconductor diode,

atmospheric composition (N2, O2, Ar, Co2 , dust etc.), lapse rate, Diamagnetic, Parametric and

ferromagnetic materials, p-n-p transistors, Amplifiers and oscillators.

Probability, Statistical attributes- mean, mode variance, standard deviation, standard error.

Solution of linear differential equations, Matrices, eigenvalues of matrices, inverse of a matrices,

Complex algebra, analytic functions, Cauchy theorem and consequences, Cauchy residue

theorem, Vector and scalar products, Gradient, divergence and curl, Gauss’s, Stocks and Curl

Theorem, Definite integrals.

Documents

Paper I: Environmental Geo-science