Paper Writing…..

• 1st and 3rd : – Understanding Iraq book

on Ch.3, “British Iraq”, on the strengths and weaknesses of the mandate system along with British motivation for intervention in Iraq.

• 4th :– WWI and the Treaty of

Versailles are long term causes of WWII (due to the…/because…)

Use historical facts and detail to justify your opinions and argument.

Write 1 ½ - 2 pages on:

Paper Peer Review

Strengths: (+) Things to work on: (-)

-Give helpful constructive feedback-Don’t write on their papers (use sticky notes I pass out)-When finished reviewing one paper, exchange with another classmate and get a new sticky note from Mrs. Varghese (more feedback for the writer) !

World between the Wars

Uneasy Peace, Uncertain Security

• League of Nations weak• French strictly enforced Treaty of Versailles• Crazy inflation in Germany (1914: 4.2 marks=1

dollar, 1923: 4.4 trillion marks=1 dollar)• Dawes Plan: reduce reparations, matched

Germany’s yearly payments with ability to pay, loan to Germany

• Kellog-Briand Pact: 1928, pledge to not go to war, made war illegal

Dawes Plan and Kellogg Briand Pact

Great Depression• Causes:

– 1) overproduction of food/cotton/etc. led to falling prices

– 2) international financial crisis from crash of US stock market 1929 (credit)

• 1932 worst year– GB 25% unemployment, Germany 40%

• states lowered wages/raised tariffs to protect industry

• renewed interest in Communism• people turned to leaders with simple

solutions

Democratic States• Germany

– Weimar Republic faced HUGE economic problems with no strong political leadership

• France – political instability

• Great Britain – economist John Maynard Keynes argued gov’ts should

put people to work so they have money to buy things, this would help end depression

• USA – Franklin Delano Roosevelt elected in 1932 – New Deal policy of active gov’t intervention in economy

(Works Progress Administration, Social Security, etc.)

Weimar Germany

Using Ch. 27, Sec. 4 on the Dictators in Europe:Create profiles on Mussolini in Italy, Stalin in the USSR, and Hitler in Germany.

You are “profiling” them as if you worked for the FBI. Make bullet-pointed lists with written explanation.

EXAMPLE: Profile: Adolf Hitler

-Who was he?-What were his policies?-How did he treat the people?-How did the people respond?

The Rise of Dictators

Hitler's Imperial March

• Crash Course World History

Terms• Authoritarian state - complete obedience to

authority as opposed to individual freedom • Dictatorship – one person holds all the power• Totalitarian state – gov’t controls political, social,

economic, intellectual, cultural lives of citizens(Below are the actual political parties that are part of the above….)

• Fascism – political ideology where state glorified above individual, led by dictator

• Nazism – political ideology of extreme German nationalism, strong anti-Semitism, anticommunism, and social Darwinian theory of social struggle

JapanREMEMBER response to Imperialism, Russo-Japanese War, from Unit 6.

• 1920s- economic and political crises – Struggle between civilians and military to control gov’t

• 1930s- military take over– emphasized nationalism – absolute loyalty to emperor

• Manchurian/Mukden Incident – – 1931 Japan used “attack” on railway as excuse to take over

Manchuria (NW China and Korea)• Japanese wanted resources

• Became more aggressive towards West • Closer w/ Nazi Germany;

– signed Anti-Comintern Pact w/ Germany 1936 agreeing to stop spread of Communism

Tojo Hideki

Italy and Mussolini• Benito Mussolini; “Il Duce”=the leader• 1919-

– created political group called Fascio di Combattimento (fascism)

• 1920-1921- – Formed Blackshirts to attack communists

• 1922- – Demanded more land for Italy; used nationalism– Forced king to make him Prime Minister

• 1926- – Mussolini closed down all free press – Made laws by decree – Mussolini recognized independence of Vatican in

exchange for backing of pope

Mussolini “Il Duce”

The Soviet Union and Stalin• 1922-Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) formally

created– power struggle with Trotsky, Stalin took over, kept Lenin’s policies

• By 1929 Stalin eliminated original Bolsheviks from Politburo (policy making body of communist Party)

• 5 Year Plans – transform USSR into industrial country in 5 year increments

• Collectivization – private farms eliminated, peasants worked land owned by gov’t

• Costs of Stalin’s programs: – 1) peasants hated collectivization, hoarded food, bad crop years led

to starvation of over 10 million people in 1932-33 – 2) continual purging of gov’t leaders (bureaucratic, military,

intellectual) from Stalin’s paranoia killed or sent to Siberia to forced labor/work camps (Gulag) by 1936 38.8 million arrested

Josef Stalin

Spain and Franco• Spanish-American War- 1898

– Loss of territory

• Spanish Civil War 1936-39-– fascist Franco led rebellion>overthrow

democratic gov’t• Hitler and Mussolini helped Franco-

– Hitler saw it as a test war• Pablo Picasso painted Guernica to show

horrors of the civil war• Franco won, set up authoritarian gov’t

Franco

Picasso’s Guernica

Read p. R74 in the text and answer the questions dealing with Picasso, the Spanish Civil War, and the Nazi destruction of Guernica.

Germany and Hitler• Nicknamed der Führer

– which means the leader, National Socialist German Workers’ Party (Nazis)

• Militia called Brownshirts • Hitler thrown in jail, wrote his ideas in a book Mein Kampf

(my struggle)• Promised to create new Germany by:

1) giving $ to private companies to hire workers 2) rearmament – rebuild German army, navy, air force3) create pure German race4) blamed Jewish population for loss of WWI and Treaty of

Versailles• Appointed chancellor 1933-

– gained absolute power by act of Reichstag (legislative body)

• Purged gov’t of Jews, created concentration camps – large prison/work/death camps

Hitler

Parade & Hitler

Nazi Germany 1933-1939• Aryan goal (pure German, blond hair, blue eyes, tall, strong)

– create Third Reich (third empire)• SS – secret police, ran concentration camps, had 2 principles:

terror and ideology• Joseph Goebbels amazing propaganda minister

– used all means to convince people of Nazi ideology: movies, newspapers, posters, slogans, loudspeakers in parks, mass rallies, etc. believed “if you say something often enough, people will believe it”

• Anti-Semitism: Nuremburg laws passed 1935 – Jews not allowed to be German citizens – Jews not allowed to marry German citizens – Jews had to wear yellow star of David, carry ID cards

• Kristallnacht – November 9, 1938 “night of shattered glass” Nazis destroyed Jewish businesses and homes

– sent many Jews to concentration camps – those who remained forced to clean up destruction – not allowed in public places

Goebbels

Kristallnacht