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8/10/2019 Papers(I5I) 2003
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BackgroundSince the ancient time until today, mankind has experienced growth
in e ery period o! time passed" #uman ci ili$ation has progressed until now"
During de elopment, humans li e a li!e dependent on !arming and
agriculture" %ith the li!e orientation, human &eings always try to maintain
and preser e the en ironment as well as possi&le in order to maintain the
continuity o! human li!e as well"'nd in time, human de elopment has experienced the industrial
re olution, human li!e is dependent on the !ields o! industry" %ith li!e
orientation, the agricultural world was slowly deteriorated" The alues o!
human li!e underwent a change, especially in human interaction with the
en ironment" The changes that occurred resulted in &oth positi e and negati e
impacts"One e!!ect o! the industrial re olution has happened and still
continues at the present time in the li!e and human ci ili$ation is its impact on
the existing en ironment around the man himsel!" (xpansion e!!orts made &y
industry players such as the construction o! !actories and manu!acturing production with a large capacity to the exclusion o! concern !or its impact on
the en ironment are slowly &ut surely ha e resulted in omissions, which in
turn will harm the en ironment in which human li es and human li es"(n ironmental experts ha e !ound indications o! the &iggest
impacts on the en ironment and the glo&al world due to e!!orts &y industry
and has grown this !ast" This negati e impact is warming the world and o!ten
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re!erred to as )lo&al %arming" #owe er, the pro&lem o! glo&al warming as
an en ironmental issue is still de&ated its truth &y se eral parties who thinks
)lo&al %arming is a reason that was created to limit the rate o! industrial
growth" 'lthough there is still de&ate a&out the truth o! the )lo&al %arming
situation among experts that en ironment, &ut the pro&lem o! )lo&al
%arming is not &e denied to &e researched and explored !urther in the
continuity o! human li!e"*or that, a paper that made this will show and explain the truth
a&out this glo&al warming pro&lem with studies &ased on literature !rom
arious sources o! relia&le and competent" Discussion and explanation which
would &e re iewed !rom the perspecti e o! those pros and cons o! the party"
This paper will present the !acts which rein!orce the existence o! this glo&al
warming pro&lem"1.2 Goal
)eneral purpose o! the holding o! this research is to determine the
extent to which glo&al warming is already happening and why"'ll this is still a +uestion !or humans &ecause until now still not
getting the exact cause o! glo&al warming and man also wanted to seek the
truth a&out the e!!ects o! glo&al warming that will &e experienced &y humans
or li ing &eings and the impact on the en ironment"I! glo&al warming is happening, then the e!!ects are not only
experienced &y humans, &ut also all li ing things around it, increasing the
temperature at (arth s sur!ace causing drought, thus the result o! this drought
than experienced &y humans are also animals and plants where the plants will
&e wilting due to water shortages and so !orth"
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There!ore, through this research is expected to reduce human
acti ities that can contri&ute to glo&al warming, such as holding greenhouse
acti ities, com&ustion o! su&stances that can cause temperatures at (arth s
sur!ace increases, and others"
C#'-T(R .DISCUSSION
2.1 Understanding Global War ing
Understanding o! glo&al warming is increasing the (arth s a erage
temperature as a result o! the accumulation o! heat in the atmosphere caused &y
the )reenhouse (!!ect" )reen house gas e!!ect are !ound in (arth s atmosphere
that works similar to a greenhouse that ser es to hold the hot sun in it !or the
temperature inside the greenhouse remains warm, so the plants in it too will &e
a&le to grow well &ecause it has a pretty hot sun" The heat !rom the earth that
should &e re!lected &ack into space, held &ack &y the greenhouse gases contained
in the atmosphere" These gases include car&on dioxide and methane"
)lo&al warming is the increasing incidence o! the a erage
temperature o! the atmosphere, ocean and land earth" 't this time the earth is
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warming rapidly" 'ccording to meteorological experts, during the last hundred
years, the a erage temperature has increased !rom /0oC to /0"1oC" 2ore accurate
measurement results &y the meteorological station data and satellite measurements
since /304, showed that the ten warmest years occurred a!ter /356, the three
hottest years occurred a!ter /336" 7uantitati ely, the alue o! changes in (arth s
a erage temperature is small &ut the impact is remarka&le !or the en ironment"
The main cause o! glo&al warming is the &urning o! !ossil !uels, like coal,
petroleum and natural gas, which release car&on dioxide and other gases such as
methane, Chlorine, Sul!ur and so !orth" The release o! these gases has caused the
emergence o! a phenomenon called the )reenhouse (!!ect 8green house e!!ect9"
The greenhouse e!!ect occurs &ecause the gases are released !rom
the &urning o! !ossil !uels is like a greenhouse" )reenhouse gases are passed
shortwa e radiation !rom the sun s radiation, &ut will hold the re!lection o! solar
radiation, which a!ter reaching the sur!ace o! the earth, trans!ormed into long
wa e radiation" During the sun shines, there will &e accumulation o! radiation so
that the temperature inside the greenhouse will &e more heat"
2.2 CAU!E! "# G$"BA$ E%E&T WAR'I&G Green(ouse E))ect
)lo&al warming 8glo&al warming9 is &asically a
!enomenapeningkatan glo&al temperature !rom year to year &ecause o! the
greenhouse e!!ect 8greenhouse e!!ect9 caused &y increased greenhouse gas
emissions" The literature shows increasing glo&al temperatures : including
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Indonesia : which occurs in the range o! /"0 to ;6 Celsius &y the end o! the
./st century"
These gases a&sor& and re!lect &ack the radiation wa es emitted &y the
(arth and conse+uently the heat is stored in the (arth s sur!ace" This
happens repeatedly and result in annual a erage temperature o! the earth
continues to rise" These gases !unction as glass in a greenhouse" %ith the
increasing concentration o! these gases in the atmosphere, the more heat is
trapped underneath" 'ctually, this greenhouse e!!ect is needed &y all li ing
things on earth, &ecause without it, this planet will &ecome ery cold" So
the ice will co er the entire sur!ace o! the (arth" #owe er, due to the
amount o! these gases ha e &een excessi e in the atmosphere, glo&al
warming conse+uences"
!olar %ariation
There is a hypothesis which states that the ariation o! the Sun,
with a possi&ility rein!orced &y !eed&ack !rom clouds, can contri&ute to
current warming" The di!!erence &etween this mechanism with the
warming due to greenhouse e!!ect is the increased acti ity o! the Sun
would heat the stratosphere re erse the greenhouse e!!ect will cool the
stratosphere" Cooling the lower stratosphere has &een o&ser ed at least
since /316, which will not occur when the solar acti ity &ecomes the
ma
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had gi en the warming e!!ect !rom pre:industrial times until /306, and the
cooling e!!ect since /306 "
I *act o) Global War ingIncreasing glo&al temperature is expected to cause changes in
other:peru&ahanyang such as increasing the intensity o! extreme weather
phenomena weather, tinggipermukaan sea water, loss o! &eaches,
agriculture, wildli!e and kesehatanmanusia"
Scientists predict that during glo&al warming, the area o! Utaradari
Northern #emisphere 8Northern #emisphere9 will heat up more than
daerahdaerahlain on (arth" 's a result, ice&ergs will melt and the mainland
akanmengecil" %ill &e less ice will !loat in the waters o! the North"
Daerahdaerahyang pre iously experienced light snow, may not &e
mengalaminyalagi"In the mountains in su&tropical areas, snow:co ered section would
semakinsedikit and will melt !aster" -lanting season will &e longer in
&e&erapaarea" Temperatures in the winter and at night would tend to warm
untukmeningkat"Daerah will &ecome more humid as more water
e aporates darilautan" Scientists ha e not &een so sure whether the
humidity is e en akanmeningkatkan or reduce the warming e en !urther"
This dise&a&kankarena water apor is a greenhouse gas, so that its
presence will meningkatkane!ek insulation in the atmosphere"
#owe er, the water apor cloud akanmem&entuk also more than e er, so it
will re!lect light mataharikem&ali into space, where this will reduce the
high pemanasan"=elem&a&an process will increase rain!all, on a erage,
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a&out /> to each degree *ahrenheit warming" 8Rain!all in the entire world
telahmeningkat &y / percent in the last hundred years"9 The storm will &e
le&ihsering" In addition, the water will e aporate more +uickly !rom the
soil"
's a result some daeraakan &ecome drier than &e!ore" %inds will &low
harder danmungkin with di!!erent patterns" Cyclonic storm 8hurricane9 that
memperolehkekuatannya o! e aporation o! water, will &e larger"
Denganpemanasan opposite happens, some periods o! ery cold weather
may &e ter area o! Aangladesh, and many islands" (rosion o! cli!!s, &eaches,
and &ukitpasir will increase" %hen the high seas to reach the mouth o! the
ri er, !looding due to water
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pairs will increase in daratan"Negara:rich countries will spend huge !unds
!or melindungidaerah shorelines, while poor countries may only &e
melakukane akuasi !rom the coastal region" ( en a modest rise in sea
le el will sangatmempengaruhi coastal ecosystems" Increase o! 06 cm 8.6
inches9 will menenggelamkanseparuh o! coastal marshes in the United
States" New marshes also akanter&entuk, &ut not in ur&an areas and areas
that ha e &een &uilt" =enaikanmuka sea would co er much o! the *lorida
( erglades"
In addition to the existence o! glo&al warming sea sur!ace temperatures
&ecome le&ihhangat, thus increasing the pressure on marine ecosystems
such as coral ree!s and white yangmen
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16 percent i! temperatures rise"
Other tropical diseases also can &e spread like malaria, sepertidemam
dengue, yellow !e er, and encephalitis"
The scientists also memprediksimeningkatnya incidence o! allergies and
respiratory diseases due to more air pollutants hangatakan reproduce, mold
spores and pollen" ugameningkat skin cancer" -ersistent heat wa e can
cause disease dankematian" *loods and droughts increase hunger and lack
o! nutrition" )e
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and /0 years !rom now the whole !orest in Indonesiatidak will remain and
that s when we all can no longer &reathe clean air"
Other impactsE
?oss o! arious types o! &iological di ersityIncreased !re+uency and intensity o! rain storms, hurricanes, and
!loods2elting o! polar ice and glaciers in Increased num&er o! potential dry land into desert &ecause o!
prolonged drought Increase in sea le el causing extensi e !looding" In the year ./66 is
estimated sea le els rise &y /0:30 cm"Increase in sea water temperatures cause coral &leaching 8coral
&leaching9 and damage to coral ree!s around the world"Increased !re+uency o! !orest !ires"Spread o! tropical diseases, like malaria, into new areas &ecause o!
the increasing population o! insects 8mos+uitoes9"Certain areas &ecome crowded and congested due to re!ugee !lows"
2.+ Global War ing !olutions/" %inter heating
%inter heating, the next largest component, is addressed throug high e!!icience!urnaces, ductwork mitigation 8in remodel, retro!it9, passi e solar, winter sun,"summer shading, insulation, solar thermal hot air
systems, and solar thermal hot water heater systems"
In Cali!ornia, with )o ernor Schwar$eneggerFs new Aioenergy
initiati e, soon there will &e a market !or recycled pellet !uels in $ero
emission !urnaces like those presently in use in (urope !or home
heating and domestic water heating"
These sustaina&le !uels will replace natural gas in the !uture as !uel
&ecomes more plenti!ul in the U"S" O er @6 million homes use
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recycled &iomass !uel pellets in (urope at this time" This is sa ing
&illions o! cu&ic !eet o! gas and emission per year" The !uel is !rom
the waste stream and is a sustaina&le resource"
." 'ppliances
%e ad ocate a concept utili$ing Smart (lectronsG" Technology is
ad ancing now so rapidly that e ery @:; years the e!!iciency o!
e+uipment impro es &y @6> to 06>" 't the high cost o! energy it
makes sense to e aluate your appliances e ery 0 years and see i! it is
cost e!!ecti e to change them especially i! you are contemplating
adding an energy intensi e appliance like a pool, porta&le acu$$i, etc"
's part o! our system we e aluate all electric and gas appliances and
choose the appropriate high e!!iciency appliances that meets the
clients aesthetic and design criteria"
(nergy Star appliances are !rom .0> to @66> more e!!icient than
con entional appliances" These (nergy Star appliances and e!!icient
#H'C e+uipment each allow more use!ul work to &e done !or each
kilowatt o! electricity used" This is what we call using Smart (lectrons
G"
@" -arasitic ?oads
(xamples o! parasitic loads are electronics and appliances that use
power when they are not doing any use!ul work" Tele isions, satellite
recei ers, computers, printers, !axes, routers, Instahots, water coolers,
ice machines, are a !ew de ices that use power when they are in an
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idle mode" %e ha e a num&er o! e!!ecti e techni+ues !or reducing and
eliminating parasitic loads"
' &ill is in the Cali!ornia legislature to re+uire manu!acturers to
declare parasitic loads 8also known as HampiresJ9, and to eliminate
them &y .6/6" This would not &e di!!icult &ut it would re+uire an
extra microprocessor or a programma&le onKo!! !unction"
*or now, we ha e methods to gi e the client choice as to when they
use e+uipment to cut parasitic loads &y 06> to /66>"
;" %ater #eating
%ater is a silent and largely o erlooked ma e!!icient
hy&rid water heaters" %e also ad ocate new heat reco ery systems
that take hot water !rom shower drains and use it to preheat cold water
on the input side o! the water heater" These systems could sa e /6> to
/0> o! energy use during high demand periods"
In the !uture &iomass:pelleti$ed !uel will &e a sustaina&le, recycled
energy source !or home hot water heating and other home and
community power needs" These systems are in extensi e use in
(urope now" These are highly e!!icient systems with ery low to $ero
emissions"
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second"
This raw energy is in part captured &y li ing plants, which use the
process o! natural photosynthesis to con ert that energy into usa&le
power !or their growth" -lants store much o! that energy as oil seed
and are sometimes har ested !or the purpose o! extracting the oil !or
use in human industry as ethanol and &iodiesel"
Solar -hoto oltaic power, -H, is an arti!icial way !or humans to use
the energy o! the sun &y con erting it into electricity with solar panels
and laminates"
The process o! creating photo oltaic de ices and installing them
re+uires a signi!icant up!ront cost" Ay using Solar -H though, the
owners are actually prepaying their electricity as a hedge against the
staggering growth o! cost in money, pollution, and green house
emissions produced !rom electricity otherwise purchased o!! the grid"
%ith prop design, scale, and warranty, todayFs clean -H systems will
displace those costs during the use!ul li!etime o! the installation"
%e know that the up!ront monetary cost solar -H power can &e
&rought down &y scaling the amount o! panels needed a!ter energy
e!!icient impro ements are made in the property, which reduces the
amount o! work the -H system will ha e to do" It is less expensi e to
reduce each watt o! demand than it is to create a watt o! generation"
5" #y&rid -lug in Hehicles: 'lternate *uels
#y&rid plug in electric ehicles are an essential part o! the glo&al
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warming solution" This is especially true when plug:ins are charged
&y locally produced energy !rom Solar -H systems, which eliminates
)lo&al %arming gas emissions caused &y !uels &urned &y the utilities
to produce electricity on the grid"
The second essential part o! this solution is use o! locally produced
alternati e !uels such as &iodiesel and ethanol !rom local recycled
home cooking oils, local produce waste, recycled home waste etc"
#omes should &e designed to anticipate these new applications"
3" Recycling in the #ome
It is important to make the residences recycling !riendly" Recycling
home cooking oils, paper, plastic, compost green waste, and metals
should ha e a sanitary simple drop style system this is ad ocated !or
all homes" This will lower impact on the sewerage system and land!ill"
Disposal and reduction o! solid waste is an important )lo&al %arming
solution"
Recycling o! gray water, collecting it in a tank and oxygenating and
recycling onto suita&ly accepta&le plantings is a high alue solution"
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C#'-T(R III
CONC?USIONS 'ND SU))(STIONS
@"/ CONC?USION
)lo&al warming has &ecome a pro&lem that &ecame the !ocus o! mankind" 'nother
phenomenon is not caused &y man s own actions and their impact su!!ered &y human
&eings" To cope with glo&al warming take a ery hard &usiness &ecause it is almost
impossi&le to &e resol ed at this time" )lo&al warming is indeed di!!icult to
o ercome, &ut we can reduce the e!!ect" Com&ating this is our awareness o! li!e on
earth in the !uture" I! we ha e &een instilling this lo e the earth, glo&al warming is
only a dark history that e er happened on this earth"
@". 'DHIC(
?i!e &egan !rom li!e on earth long &e!ore the creatures li ing there" There!ore
to maintain and preser e this earth must &e a !ew decades i! we think a&out it"
Up on one side where the earth was old and &egging !or us to maintain and
melstarikannya" ?et us work hand royang to sa e the earth which has gi en us
this per!ect li!e" Stop glo&al warming"
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AIA?IO)R'-#M
Randle,Damian"/33@"Natural Resources"New MorkEThomson ?erning
%e&sites
#TT-EKKN(%S"AAC"CO"U= #TT-EKK%%%")OO)?("CO2
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http://www.google.com/http://www.google.com/