130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137

130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

A R A F U R A S E A

T e l u kC e n d e r a w a s i h

P e g u n

u n g a n M a o k e

Epicentral Area

J a z i r a h D o b e r a i(B i r d ' s H e a d)

P a p u a

M a l u k u

Seram

Kai Kecil Kai Besar

Kep. KaiKep. Aru

T e l u k B e r a n

Wokam

Biak

Yapen

S e r a m S e a

S e l a t D

a m p i

r

Salawai

Misol

Waigeo

1971

1987

19871964

19861990 2001

20011985

197719751978

1989

19951991

1993

198919951976 1994

1992 1995 19851985

19701998

199419891994

1998

19991994

1979

2002 20021979

2002 19851985 1985

2002 19722002

2002 1996

19791979

19961996

19962001

19962001

1996

1968

1978

Fer

Iso

Uta

Tum

Tip

Mar

Dosi

Nuhu

Amar

Umuk

Nama

Wero

Tobo

ObiaWaru

Weri

Bula

Hote

AoemAjot

Saga

Gepo

Momi

BIAK SabaMala

Wari

Mega

Koor

DanarAbean

Wokam

Oanga

Wakia

Umari

Arbau

Argam

UrungKamar

Angar

Tiari

Kufar

Wabar

Benno

ArobaKokasDegen

Tanam

IriraBesam

SeruiMogoiBaroe

Atkri

MijemSekakOesin

KoffoGasimSeget

Kasim

SauriWorbo

Tipin Waiwo Korim

Salem

Arupi

Besir

WakreRabia

Karaum

TimukaWirmaf

Aiduna

Baraja

Tarera Bibiri

Kilmun JaronaMesingUtarom

Nabire

Bengoi

MariarRanibo

BotareMageoe

Malolo

WadapiMammeh

Mongge

Hofuma

Lokata Urongi Mokmer

SunderJeflio

NamberWaiboe

KameriMagamoSadjamPjodlo

Wawesi

Poeper

Waigual

Ohoirin

KilwaerTamadan

Masidan

Ngurwel

Keawkwa

Paraoka

Potawai Orawaja

Wisalen

Kaimana

Mirobia

Maiwawa

Siembra

Fak-fak

Tambani

Tembuni

RawarreKurunui

Airbore

Rapaowi

Waenggu

Atinjoe

WarbumiSalebam

Klamono ImpendiMargeni

SamaresMeosidoWaijaar

SelenekMalabohTindawi

AmboekiSawaloe

Asbakin

MakebonMubrani

EmboronWaibeem

Lam Lam Warkori

Ipirawea

Kisalaut

Kilbawar

Wororomi

Werboeam

Opdekams

Sajengga

Kaisweri

Tamoelol Sisember

Semariak

WakamoekKlasafet Malagots

AtuanariKlamesin

Adadikam

Kepudari

SamfemanSansapor

Warmandi

Wagailom

Wairemah

Ojurdjela

Ohoitheit

Amamapare

Hatumeten

Tanisepta

Manbetalo

Kaloekedi

OransbariGeramkato

Klamagoen

MANOKWARI

Temertimer

Manggawitu

Toena Gain

Sipatnanam

Len Malaas

Saukorrido

Ndapurutiri

Roefroefoea

Gihirkendik

Inanwatatan

Robookisbia

Makalekmela

Malaketelik

Iweka Temare

Walang Tengh

Taruata Lama

Jaramaniapuka

Sigaroi Tapin

Karufa Kembala

Kampoeng Baroe

Manuk

Fan

Obano

Tomoe

Wanau

Rawas

Wandai

Kinara

Wasian

Namboi

Mandon

Sandow

Arnanan

RANSIKI

Mandori

Saunbri

Kaironi

Koewawin

Enarotali

Jangketeh

Moegoetira

Arfak-saba

Oerbinasopon

Kipia Maparpa

95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140

95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140

10

5

0

5

10

5

0

5

Generalized Seismic Hazard of Indonesia

I N D I A NO C E A N

P A C I F I CO C E A N

A R A F U R AS E A

B A N D A S E AJ A V A S E A

C E L E B E SS E A

A N D A M A NS E A

S O U T HC H I N A

S E A

I N D O N E S I A

M A L A Y S I A

S I N G A P O R E

B R U N E I

P H I L I P P I N E S

A U S T R A L I A

P A P U AN E W

G U I N E A

P A L A U

T H A I L A N D

EPICENTRALAREA

A U S T R A L I A N P L A T E

S U N D A P L A T E

CAROLINEPLATE

PHILIPPINESEA

PLATE

Map prepared by U.S. Geological SurveyNational Earthquake Information Center25 May 2004Map not approved for release by Director USGS

DATA SOURCES

EARTHQUAKES AND SEISMIC HAZARD USGS, National Earthquake Information Center NOAA, National Geophysical Data Center IASPEI, Centennial Catalog (1900 - 1999) and extensions (Engdahl and Villaseor, 2002) HDF (unpublished earthquake catalog) (Engdahl, 2003) Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program

PLATE TECTONICS PB2003 (Bird, 2003)

VOLCANOES Smithsonian Institution, Global Volcano Program

BASE MAP NIMA and ESRI, Digital Chart of the World USGS, EROS Data Center

EARTHQUAKE SUMMARY MAP XXXU.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIORU.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

DISCLAIMER

Base map data, such as place names and politicalboundaries, are the best available but may not be current or may contain inaccuracies and thereforeshould not be regarded as having official significance.

Papua, Indonesia Earthquake Sequence of February 2004

95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140

95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140

10

5

0

5

10

5

0

5

Tectonic Setting of Indonesia

I N D I A NO C E A N

P A C I F I CO C E A N

A R A F U R AS E A

B A N D A S E AJ A V A S E A

C E L E B E SS E A

A N D A M A NS E A

S O U T HC H I N A

S E A

I N D O N E S I A

M A L A Y S I A

S I N G A P O R E

B R U N E I

P H I L I P P I N E S

A U S T R A L I A

P A P U AN E W

G U I N E A

P A L A U

T H A I L A N D

J a v a R i d g eJ a v a ( S u n d a ) T r e n c h

A r a f u r a S h e l f

W e s tC a r o l i n e

B a s i n

I n v e s t i g a t o r R i d g e

W

eber

Ba

sin

EPICENTRALAREA

A U S T R A L I A N P L A T E

S U N D A P L A T E

CAROLINEPLATE

PHILIPPINESEA

PLATE

65 mm/yr

71 mm/yr76 mm/yr

0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000250

Kilometers

SCALE 1:25,000,000Mercator Projection

0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000250

Kilometers

SCALE 1:25,000,000Mercator Projection

120 125 130 135 140

120 125 130 135 140

5

0

5

0

Seismicity of Eastern Indonesia

P A C I F I C O C E A N

A R A F U R A S E A

B A N D A S E A

C E L E B E S S E A

F L O R E S S E A

Ma

ka

s sa

r S

t ra

i t

M o

l u

c c

a

S e

a

S e r a m S e a

M o l u c c a s

Web

er B

asin

I r i a n J a y a

S u l a w e s i

Seram

Halmahera

Kep. Aru

Kep. Tanimbar

Buru

P A P U AN E W

G U I N E A

B o r n e o

M a l u k u

N E W G U I N E A

P e n g u n u n g a n M a o k e

Celebes I N D O N E S I A

TIMOR PLATE

BANDA SEA PLATE

CAROLINE PLATE

MAOKE PLATE

AUSTRALIAN PLATE

WOODLARKPLATE

SUNDAPLATE

PHILIPPINESEA

PLATE

MOLUCCASEA

PLATEBIRD'S HEAD

PLATE

EPICENTRALAREA

0 200 400 600 800100

Kilometers

SCALE 1:12,000,000Mercator Projection

SCALE 1:2,500,000Mercator Projection

EXPLANATIONMain Shock #1

5 February 2004

Main Shock #2

7 February 2004

Main Shock #3

8 February 2004

Post-Mainshock Activity

5 - 6 February 2004

7 February 2004

8 February - 20 March 2004

Aftershock Magnitude Classes

M < 3.5

3.5 - 3.9

4.0 - 4.4

4.5 - 4.9

5.0 - 5.4

5.5 - 5.9

Earthquakes 1964 - 2002

0 - 69 km

70 - 299

Magnitude Classes

4.0 - 4.4

4.5 - 4.9

5.0 - 5.4

5.5 - 5.9

6.0 - 6.4

6.5 - 6.9

Generalized Plate Boundaries

Continental Convergent

Continental Rift

Continental LL Transform

Oceanic Convergent

Subduction

Volcano

PAPUA, INDONESIA

5 February 2004 21:05:04.76 UTC3.615 S., 135.538E.Depth 17 kmMw = 7.0 (HRV)

This earthquake occurred in the sparsely populated eastern Indo-nesian province of Papua, a mountainous and jungle- clad areaof western New Guinea. The epicenter of this earthquake was lo-cated approximately 25 km from Nabire, a coastal town of about 26,000 people. Unofficial reports placed the death toll at 37, with 682 injured and 2,678 structures damaged. Local roads, an airport runway, and nine bridges were damaged as well as two pipelines at an oil refinery nearby. The earthquake also caused minor injuries and damage at two other towns, Enarotali and Manokwari.

PAPUA, INDONESIA

7 February 2004 02:42:35.43 UTC4.003 S., 135.023 E.Depth 10 kmMw = 7.3 (USGS) This earthquake occurred approximately 30 hours after and about 70 km southwest of an M7.0 shock on 5 February 2004 that killed at least 37 people in and near the town of Nabire. The epicenterof this latest earthquake is in a particularly remote area; consequently,reports of casualties and damage emerging from the region are expect-ed to be incomplete; however, additional damage was reported inNabire.

DISCUSSION

These earthquakes occurred in a region considered to have the most complex present-day tectonics on Earth. In the area surrounding Irian Jaya (the western half of New Guinea), four major tectonic plates, the Australian, Sunda, Philippine Sea, and Caroline plates, sandwich half a dozen proposed microplates. The interactions between these micro-plates produce all possible styles of faulting. These particular earth-quakes ruptured strike-slip faults near the boundary of the Bird's Head plate and the recently proposed Maoke plate.

REFERENCES

Bird, P., 2003, An updated digital model of plate boundaries: Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., v. 4, no. 3, pp. 1027- 80.

Engdahl, E.R. and Villaseor, A., 2002, Global Seismicity: 1900 - 1999, chap. 41 of Lee, W.H.K., and others,eds., International Earthquake and Engineering Seismology, Part A: New York, N.Y., Elsevier Academeic Press, 932 p.

Engdahl, E.R., Van der Hilst, R.D., and Buland, R.P., 1998, Global teleseismic earthquake relocation with improved trav- el times and procedures for depth determination: Bull. Seism. Soc. Amer., v. 88, p. 722-743.

ON-LINE NEWS RESOURCES

ABC News http://abcnews.go.com/wire/World/Arizona Central News http://www/azcentral/com/news/Channel News Asia http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/Radio Australia http://www.abc.net.au/ra/

0 50 100 150 20025

Kilometers

EXPLANATIONSeismic Hazard

0.0 - 0.2 m/sec

0.2 - 0.4

0.4 - 0.8

0.8 - 1.6

1.6 - 3.2

3.2 - 4.3

Plate Boundary

Continental Convergent

Continental Rift

Continental LL Transform

Continental RL Transform

Oceanic Convergent

Oceanic Spreading

Oceanic LL Transform

Oceanic RL Transform

Subduction

Volcano

Seismic hazard is expressed as peak ground acceleration (PGA) on firm rock,in meters/sec, expected to be exceededin a 50-yr period with a probability of 10 percent.

LARGEST EARTHQUAKES IN THE EPICENTRAL AREA 1964 - 2002

YR MO DY LAT LON DEPTH MAG

1964 4 23 -5.420 133.939 6.1 6.4 1968 7 29 -0.291 133.499 32.7 6.1 1970 11 8 -3.418 135.624 2.3 6.2 1971 9 16 -5.971 130.697 133.0 6.4 1972 12 4 -1.513 136.639 1.4 6.1 1975 1 14 -4.942 130.021 16.4 6.0 1976 11 18 -4.193 135.116 3.6 6.5 1977 3 15 -4.976 131.036 75.7 6.2 1978 4 3 -4.884 133.956 6.4 6.3 1978 8 3 -0.157 131.785 40.5 6.4 1979 9 12 -1.686 135.969 18.5 7.6 1979 9 13 -1.166 136.430 17.9 6.1 1979 10 17 -1.171 136.535 18.4 6.1 1979 11 16 -1.951 134.170 37.8 6.1 1985 4 8 -4.050 136.259 18.3 6.0 1985 4 21 -5.151 130.430 91.0 6.0 1985 9 15 -4.065 136.093 4.4 6.4 1985 9 15 -4.120 136.287 11.1 6.3 1985 11 17 -1.634 134.434 26.5 6.0 1985 11 17 -1.671 134.937 11.8 7.3 1985 12 6 -1.623 134.918 19.9 6.0 1986 10 17 -5.283 131.453 58.1 6.4 1987 6 17 -5.599 130.835 67.0 7.1 1987 10 3 -5.467 131.023 74.0 6.4 1989 1 10 -3.170 130.500 32.0 6.7 1989 9 4 -4.253 136.713 9.0 6.4 1989 12 12 -4.671 130.821 74.2 6.1 1990 12 5 -5.269 131.446 75.0 6.1 1991 12 29 -4.407 132.665 42.5 6.4 1992 4 7 -4.161 130.961 51.0 6.0 1993 6 12 -4.357 135.175 10.0 6.1 1994 1 19 -3.205 136.000 23.0 6.8 1994 4 13 -3.159 136.005 29.0 6.5 1994 5 25 -4.182 135.520 15.0 6.5 1994 11 20 -2.011 135.962 16.0 6.3 1995 1 27 -4.445 134.442 22.0 6.8 1995 3 19 -4.143 135.118 26.5 6.9 1995 3 19 -4.236 135.051 19.0 6.1 1996 2 17 -0.558 135.804 19.0 6.5 1996 2 17 -0.811 136.096 32.0 6.5 1996 2 17 -0.871 136.128 32.0 6.5 1996 2 17 -0.918 136.971 36.0 8.2 1996 2 18 -0.665 136.550 20.2 6.3 1996 2 18 -1.360 136.487 11.0 6.4 1998 4 27 -2.965 136.275 24.0 6.1 1998 11 18 -3.332 130.757 31.2 6.0 1999 10 10 -2.056 134.245 10.0 6.1 2001 1 29 -0.710 133.250 14.0 6.2 2001 4 4 -5.265 132.290 17.0 6.4 2001 7 22 -5.216 132.322 38.4 6.0 2001 9 11 -0.618 133.115 31.1 6.5 2002 9 20 -1.675 134.281 24.0 6.4 2002 9 20 -1.747 134.054 9.0 6.0 2002 10 10 -1.432 133.966 15.8 6.0 2002 10 10 -1.493 134.056 48.8 6.0 2002 10 10 -1.526 133.996 36.7 6.7 2002 10 10 -1.711 134.311 16.0 7.7

From: Engdahl (2003, unpublished catalog)

RELATIVE PLATE MOTIONS

The relative motion of adjacent tectonic plates is depicted on the map by short vectors shown at selected locations on the plate boundary. In this presentation, one of the plates is defined as the reference plate. The vector therefore repre-sents the direction of motion of the adjacent plate relative to the reference plate. The rate of relative motion is labeled next to the vector.

The components of the vector perpendicular and parallel to the plate margin approximate converg-ent/divergent and transverse direction of motion between the plates, respectively. As viewed from the reference plate, an inward directed component suggests convergence at and near the plate bound-ary that may be expressed as crustal folding, up-lift, thrust faulting, or plate subduction. Similarly, an outward directed component suggests plate divergence such as would be expected at a zone of crustal spreading. Transcurrent or transform faulting would be expected when the dominant vector component is parallel to the plate margin.

In the Tectonic Setting map, the reference plateis the Australian plate and the adjacent plate is theSunda plate. The vectors indicate that the Sundaplate is moving roughly south-southwest relative tothe Australian plate at a rate that varies from about 65 mm/yr to 76 mm/yr. The Java (Sunda) Trench,deep earthquake foci, and line of volcanoes parallelto the plate boundary are characterstic of typicalsubduction zones.

EXPLANATIONMain Shock #1

5 February 2004

Main Shock #2

7 February 2004

Main Shock #3

8 February 2004

Earthquakes 1964 - 2002

0 - 69 km

70 - 299

300 - 700

Magnitude Classes

5.0 - 5.9

6.0 - 6.9

7.0 - 7.9

8.0 - 8.9

Plate Boundaries

Continental Convergent

Continental Rift

Continental LL Transform

Continental RL Transform

Oceanic Convergent

Oceanic Spreading

Oceanic LL Transform

Oceanic RL Transform

Subduction

Volcano

PAPUA, INDONESIA

8 February 2004 08:58:51.80 UTC3.665 S., 135.339 E.Depth 26 kmMs = 6.9 (USGS); Mw = 6.5 (USGS), 6.7 (HRV)

This was the third large earthquake of the sequence that began on 5 February 2004 approximately 20 km to the northeast. The two events are notable because they had similar magnitudes and focal mechanisms. Felt (MMI VI) in Nabire.

Strike N

5W

Down-Dip

FINITE FAULT MODEL (C. Ji, California Institute of Technology)

Distribution of the amplitude and direction of slip for subfault elements (small rectangles) of the fault rupture model are determined from the inversion of teleseismic body waveforms. Arrows indicate the amplitude and direction of slip (of the hanging wallwith respect to the foot wall); the slip amount is also color-coded as shown. The view is from above, per-pendicular to the fault plane.

The fact that the orientation of the finite fault plane may differ from the corresponding best double couple nodal plane depicted in the focal mechanism diagram on the main map reflects differing methods of analysisand data sets.

The strike of the fault rupture plane is N5W and the dip is 80. The dimensions of the subfault elementsare 5 km in the strike direction and 4 km in the dipdirection.

EXPLANATIONAmount of Slip

0 cm

30

60

90

120

150

180

210

240 cm

270

300

330

360

390

420

450

480

510

Finite Fault Model

FINITE FAULT MODEL