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8/9/2019 Parabolic Array Final Report From Kiran-WITH REQUIRED Modifications
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Concentrated Solar Power Plant
Based OnParabolic Trough Technology
INDEX
y Introduction
y Concentrated solar power
y Technologies
y R ecommended csp
y technology
y operation and maintenance of solar power plants
y solar plant availability
y collector technologies
y comparison of collector technologies
y list of recommended solar companiesy list of shortlisted solar companies as per our
requirements
y conclusion
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INTRODUCTION
Concentrating Solar Power TechnologiesConcentrating solar power (CSP) technologies, sometimes referred to as solar thermal electric
technologies, have been developed for power generation applications. Historically, the focus has
been on the development of cost-effective solar technologies for large (100 MWe or greater ) central power plant applications..The leading CSP candidate technologies for utility-scale applications are
parabolic troughs, molten-salt power towers, parabolic dishes with Sterling engines, and
concentrating photovoltaic¶s.
Parabolic troughParabolic trough HTST plants (Figure 2) are considered to be the most economic and most mature HTST
technology available today. Parabolic trough-shaped mirror reflectors are used to concentrate sunlight
onto thermally-efficient receiver tubes placed in the trough focal line.
In these tubes a thermal transfer fluid is circulated, such as a synthetic thermal oil. Heated to
approximately 400°C by the concentrated suns rays, this oil is then pumped through a series of heatexchangers to produce superheated steam. The steam is converted to electrical energy in a conventional
steam turbine generator, which can either be part of a conventional steam cycle or integrated into a
combined steam and gas turbine cycle.
Linear Fresnel
A Linear Fresnel Reflector (LFR) is a single-axis tracking technology that focuses sunlight reflected bylong heliostats onto a linear receiver to convert solar energy to heat. The classical linear Fresnel system
uses an array of mirror strips close to the ground to direct solar radiation to a single, linear, elevated,
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fixed receiver (Figure 3). The technology is seen as a lower cost alternative to trough technology for the
production of solar steam for power generation. The main advantages of the Linear Fresnel collector,
compared to trough collectors, are seen to be1:
y Inexpensive planar mirrors and simple tracking system.
y Fixed absorber tube with no need for flexible high pressure joints or thermal expansion bellows.y No vacuum technology and no metal-to-glass ceiling.
y Wind loads are substantially reduced on the reflector strips, so the reflector width for one
absorber tube can be up to three times the width of parabolic troughs.
y Due to direct steam generation no heat exchanger is necessary although trough technology
also is evolving to direct steam generation (see Section 2.1.1).
y Efficient use of land since the collectors can be placed close to one another.
Power tower
Power towers use a circular or semi-circular array of heliostats (large individually-tracking mirrors) toconcentrate sunlight on to a central receiver mounted at the top of a tower (Figure 4). A heat transfer
medium in this central receiver absorbs the highly concentrated radiation reflected by the heliostats and
converts it into thermal energy to be used for the subsequent generation of superheated steam for
turbine operation. Heat transfer media so far demonstrated include water/steam, molten salts, liquidsodium and air.
Concentrating sunlight over 500 times, power tower technology has the potential advantage of
delivering high temperature solar heat in utility scale quantities at temperatures of 500°C or more for
steam cycles and greater than 1,000°C for gas turbines and combined cycle power plants.
Parabolic dish
Using parabolic dishes is a well-tested approach to concentrate solar radiation, and was an early
experimental tool at many locations worldwide. The optical efficiency of parabolic dishes is considerably
1
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higher than that of trough, LFR or power tower systems because the mirror is always pointed directly at
the sun, whereas the trough, LFR and power tower have a reduction in projected area due to a frequent
low angle of incidence of the solar radiation (known as cosine losses). However, the higher optical
efficiency of dishes (which ultimately translates to a higher efficiency of conversion of sunlight to
electricity2) is partially offset because their capital cost per installed megawatt currently is higher than
the others. How these efficiencycapital cost tradeoffs translate to levelised energy cost must be
determined on a case-by-case basis for commercial HTST plants.
Market potentialthe cost of power from a solar thermal power plant is mainly due to the initial construction investment
cost and the low capacity factor, the fuel cost is zero as the energy input is free. This makes the marginal
cost of generating very low and competitive with coal fired plant in this respect. However, once the
return on capital is factored it would require that the investor receive a relatively high price for the
electricity for the economic life of the plant, to make a project financially viable.Since the technology is
still in an early stage of development the construction cost is expected to reduce as experience is gained..
The all in plant costs for previous concentrating solar plants resulted in electricity prices in the range$170 to $210/MWh. Technology improvements have since reduced this price to $120 to $150/MWh. Cost
reductions for solar plants are related to the installed MW and further technology improvements. The
approximate cost of a solar plant is estimated to be around $3000/kW based on US conditions.The
levelised cost of electricity from solar thermal is likely to reduce as a function of MW installed. At the
5000MW level it has been estimated that electricity may be able to be produced at $80/MWh.
Comparision of technologies
Technology
Focus technology
Tempe-Capacit
y, MWerature
HybridOperatio
n
Cost($/KWe)
Worldcapacity(MWe
)
Worldcapacity(
MWe
Worldcapacity(M
We
Operational Under constructi
on
Announced
Parabolic
trough
line Syntheti
c oil
400ºC Possible 4,156(19,53,32,000INR )
570 1550+140ISCC
5775.1
Solar
tower
point Molten
salt
1,000ºC Possible 4,500(21,15,00000INR)
34 22 1514
Parabolic
dish
point Sterling
motor
750ºC Still inR&D
phase
6,000(28,20,00000INR)
0.5 1600.08
Linear
fresnel
line steam 270ºC Possible 2,200(10,34,00000INR)
8.4 487
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Recommendation for CSP Based on the assessment of CSP technologies above, parabolictrough technology is considered the only large-scale (greater than 50 MWe) CSP technology that isavailable for application in a commercially-financed power project now and in the near future (5years). The remainder of this report thus focuses on parabolic trough technology. Solar Plant Availability
Solar plants differ from conventional fossil and nuclear power plants in that they must harvest their
fuel via the solar field. Thus the availability of the solar field becomes a key indicator of potential
plant performance. suitable location in india is (rajasthan and Gujarat)
C ollector technologies
y Euro trough collector (GLASS MIRRORWITH SILVER/COPPER COATING REFLECTER SURFACE)
OLDEST TECHNOLOGY
y Al core collector (ALUMINIUM SURFACE REFLECTOR) used by nextra energy resources(SEGS)
y Reflectech mirror film-R eflecTech® Mirror Film. These mirror panels and the supporting
aluminum space frame are lightweight, easy to manufacture, ship and deploy and significantly
reduce construction time and cost compared to those for a conventional glass-mirrored parabolic
trough system.
y 3M collector films with gossamer trough frames
COLLECTOR PARAMETERS
s
n
o
Collector
technolog
y
transportation comments Suitablility COST
PER
/SQM
OF
MIRROR
(INR)
COST
PER/SQ
M OF
MOUNTI
NG
STRUCT
URE
EFFECT
IVE
COST
PER
MW(in
crores)
BOP Plants using
technology
1 Euro troughcollector
Difficulttransportation
Old technologyR eflection throughmirrors
Not suitable 2115 1398.98 3.513 11.487 Mathania,rajasthan,india
2 Al corecollector
Easy transportation Latest technologyAluminium platesare used as
reflectors
suitable 2643.6 1258.651 3.901 11.009 SEGS(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9)
3 R eflectechmirror film
Easytransportation
Latest technologyAvailable in rolls
(94% reflection)
suitable 843.73 1300 2.143 12.857 SKYFUEL(SKYTR OUGH)
SUPPORT FR AMES AR E
SUPPLIED BYSKYFUEL INC
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4 3M collector films
Available in india Latest technology(94% reflection)
Suitable but3M doesn¶t
supplycomponents
940.00 1300(mounting structures
to beoutsourcedfrom
GOSSAMER spaceframes)
2.240 12.760 SOLAR ONE
SUPPORT FR AMES AR E SUPPLIED
BY GOSSAMER SPACE FR AMES
NOTE: AREA DIMENSIONS : APPROXIMATELY 500000sqm TAKEN FOR 50MW
CORRESPONDANCEDETAILS
Sno company Correspondence
for
Type of
communication
result
1 skyfuel Partnership in building
solar power plant
E-MAIL NO R ESPONSE
2 Nextra energy
resources
Partnership in building
solar power plant
E-MAIL NO R ESPONSE
3 Abengoa solar Partnership in building
solar power plant
E-MAIL NO R ESPONSE
4 acciona Partnership in building
solar power plant
E-MAIL NO R ESPONSE
5 Solar
millenium
Partnership in building
solar power plant
E-MAIL R ESPONDED
TWICE
R EADY TO
TAKE
PART NERSHIP
6 3M For polymer reflective
films& absorber
tubes,fliud carrying
tubes
E-MAIL R ESPONDED
3M supplies
polymer
reflective films
only
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LIST OF SOLAR COMPANIES MATCHED TO OUR REQUIREMENTS
NAME OF THE COMPANIES ADVANTAGES COLLECTOR TECHNOLOGY
ADDR ESS
More no of power plants(SEGS I,II,III,IV,V,VI,VII,
VIII,IX)
Aluminium core www.nexteraenergyresources.com
United States
Phone Main number: 561-691-7171
Procurement: 561-691-7827
News media inquiries: 888-867-3050
Write
NextEra EnergyR esources
P.O. Box 14000
Juno Beach, FL 33408-0420
Canada
Phone
Main number: 905-335-4904
Write
NextEra EnergyCanada, ULC
5500 N. Service R oad, Suite 205
Burlington, ON L7L 6W6
Latest and costeffective technology
The SkyTrough® useslightweight, glass-free,slide-in reflective mirror
panels made withR eflecTech® Mirror Film. These mirror panels
and the supportingaluminum space frameare lightweight, easy to
manufacture, ship anddeploy and significantlyreduce construction time
and cost compared to
those for a conventionalglass-mirrored parabolictrough system.
10701 Montgomery Blvd NE, Suite AAlbuquerque, NM 87111Phone: 505.293.1023
Fax: 505.323.2747
18300 W. Hwy 72
Arvada, CO 80007Phone: 303.330.0276ww.skyfuel.com/#/OUR PR ODUCTS/SKYTR OUGH/
Worlds
Largest
Solar power
plant
(more no of
partnerships inindia)
Parabolic mirror
concentrator
www.abengoasolar.com
y +34 913300669
Nevada solar one(64MW)
worlds third largest
csp plant.
Parabolic mirrors www.acciona-na.com/About-Us/Our-Projects/U-S-/Nevada-Solar-One
ACCION
AS.A
.Avda. de Europa 18
Parque Empresarial La Moraleja28108 Alcobendas (MADR ID) Tel: +34 91 663 28 50
Fax: +34 91 663 28 51
Cost effective utility
scale csp power plant(Patented
Heliostat Design)
eSolar designed the
heliostats for deploymentin pre-fabricated"heliostat sticks" that can
be installed easily with
www.esolar.com/our_solution/
Corporate Office
eSolar Inc.
130 West Union Street
Pasadena, CA 91103
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minimal skilled labor.Low wind profile design
allows fields of eSolarheliostats to be installedfaster than any
competitive CSP solutions
USA
877-ESOLAR 7
toll-free
626-685-1810
tel
626-535-2701
fax
Andosal 1,2,3 power plants(150 GWH per
plant)
Skal-ET: improved parabolic trough collector
design
Helio trough: highly
efficient collector design by solar millenniumgroup
Solar Millennium AG
Nägelsbachstraße 40
D-91052 Erlangen
GER MANY
Tel: +49 (0) 9131 - 9409 - 0
Fax: +49 (0) 9131 - 9409 - 111
Email: [email protected]
www.solarmillennium.de
SHORTLISTED SOLAR PLANTS FOR PARTNERSHIP IN BUILDING SOLAR PLANT
SNO COMPANY TECHNOLOGY
1 SKYFUEL INC reflectech mirror films, SKYTROUGH SOLAR
COLLECTORS SYSTEMS
2 NEXTRA ENERGY RESOURCES al core
3 3M POLYMER REFLECTIVE FILMS
Conclusion
India¶s solar energy holds great promise. India must accelerate its investment in renewable
energy resources, specifically solar and wind energy. The U.S.-India Energy Dialogue,
which facilitates discussions on renewable energy and energy efficiency, can be a very
useful tool to spark investments in solar energy. This can lay the foundation for an energy
independent future ± one in which the Government of India takes advantage of the vast
amounts of energy available from the Rajasthan Desert sun (instead of oil from the Arab
nations) to power its future energy needs. In addition, solar energy would not only create
millions of jobs, but also sustain India¶s positive economic growth, help lift its massive
population out of poverty and combat climate change.