Paragraphs-under-Construction Masters of Engineering

Academic Language and Learning Success Program (ALLSP)

‘Engineers who don’t write well, end up working for engineers who do’(MIT 2012).

Outline

Paragraph structure

• topic and focus of paragraphs

• organisation of ideas and information for logical flow within paragraphs

• organising information into paragraph stages

What is the structure

.

Paragraph structure

The topic sentence (topic & controlling idea)

Body

Concluding sentence (optional)

Paragraph structure

Many studies of leadership in the engineering profession have been carried out over a number of decades.

Body

Concluding sentence (optional)

Task 1

Many studies of leadership in the engineering profession have been carried out over a number of decades. There is no clear agreement on a comprehensive theory of leadership. The contexts and criteria for determining effective leadership are extremely varied. Fiedler (2013) has suggested that an individual's basic leadership style should be the main factor in judging successful leaders. Caruso (2013) claims that success can only be judged on outcomes. Both these approaches are valuable. Neither can satisfactorily account for all the variables that contribute to successful leadership.

Explicit logical relations

Many studies of leadership in the engineering profession have been carried out over a number of decades. However, there is no clear agreement on a comprehensive theory of leadership, because the contexts and criteria for determining effective leadership are extremely varied. For example, Fiedler (2013) has suggested that an individual's basic leadership style should be the main factor in judging successful leaders. By contrast, Caruso (2013) claims that success can only be judged on outcomes. While both these approaches are valuable, neither can satisfactorily account for all the variables that contribute to successful leadership.

Implicit/explicit logical relations

Explicit conjunction

Elaboration signals (conjunctions/transitions/co-joining/linking)

Logical relations Task 2

Types of logical relations

Addition & Replacement where extra information is simply added or one idea replaces another

Comparison & Contrast where two ideas are presented as either similar or different

Exemplification & Restatement

where a previously mentioned idea is repeated by rewording it or giving an example

Cause & Condition where the reason why or the conditions under which something happens are given

Time & Place where ideas, things and events are located in time and space

Signal differently

Task 4 : Can we improve the logical relations within this paragraph?

References CALT Learning Support. (2016). Grammar. Retrieved from

http://www.monash.edu.au/lls/llonline/grammar/index.xml

CALT Learning Support. (2007). Passive voice. Retrieved from Language and Learning online:

http://www.monash.edu.au/lls/llonline/grammar/passive/index.xml

Purdue University. (2016). Grammar. Retrieved from Purdue Online Writing Lab:

https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/section/1/5/

Stanford University. (n.d.). 20 Common errors. Retrieved from https://undergrad.stanford.edu/tutoring-

support/hume-center/resources/student-resources/grammar-resources-writers/top-twenty-errors-

undergraduate-writing

Turton, N. D. (1995). ABC of common grammatical errors: for learners and teachers of English. Macmillan

Heinemann: London.

University of Wollongong. (n.d.). Passive voice. Retrieved from Unilearning:

http://unilearning.uow.edu.au/academic/3avi.html

MIT (2012). Learning to Communicate in Science and Engineering (https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/learning-

communicate-science-and-engineering

UNSW http://iwrite.unsw.edu.au/iwrite/ENGINEERING/Getting-Started/For-Students.html

UNSYD www.usyd.edu.au/learningcentre/wrise/

http://iwrite.unsw.edu.au/iwrite/ENGINEERING/Getting-Started/For-Students.html

http://www.usyd.edu.au/learningcentre/wrise/

Writing support sites www.usyd.edu.au/learningcentre/wrise/

/

Grammar Questions

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Use with caution!

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• … presents the most recent and evil technique of user tracking

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• These services may be pertinent to the use of a particular software like for example, iCloud service

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• Don't make a network in Facebook

Academic language

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• In this thesis I will be looking at the …

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• Before applying these techniques my first step is to study