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PowerHour webinar series for consulting engineersExperts you trust. Excellence you count on.
Paralleling Topologies and Uptime Institute Tier Ratings
Thursday July 28, 2016 11:00 PDT / 2:00 EDT
(1PDH issued by Cummins)
Welcome to Cummins PowerHour –Webinar series for engineer partners like you
PowerHour Experts you trust. Excellence you count on.
Mike Sanford
Group Leader, North America and
Caribbean Application Engineering
Cody Albertus
Product Management Leader,
Mission Critical Segment
More questions or support needed? Here are your local Cummins contacts: AZ, ID, NM, NV: Carl Knapp ([email protected]), Rocky Mountain Region
CO, MT, ND, UT, WY: Joe Pekarek ([email protected]), Rocky Mountain Region
IL, MN, WI: John Kilinskis ([email protected]), Central Region
TX: Scott Thomas ([email protected]), Gulf Region
FL, GA, NC: Robert Kelly ([email protected]), South Region
IN, KY, OH, TN, WV: Tom Stadulis ([email protected]), East Region
For other states and territories, email [email protected] or visit http://power.cummins.com/sales-service-locator
Meet your presenters:
Course Objectives
Participants will be able to:
Identify common paralleling topologies, plus their advantages and
disadvantages, so they can make informed choices in paralleling system
design.
Recognize effects of system topology on maintainability and scalability so
they can consider these factors in system design.
Describe Uptime Institute Tier Ratings and their implications on generator
sets and power distribution systems.
PowerHour Experts you trust. Excellence you count on.
Overview
Common Paralleling Topologies
Uptime Institute Tier Ratings
Generator Set Features for Data Centers
PowerHour Experts you trust. Excellence you count on.
Common Paralleling Topologies
PowerHour Experts you trust. Excellence you count on.
Common Topologies
Isolated Bus
Isolated Bus with Gen main
Common Bus
Transfer Pair
Main Tie Main
Multiple Transfer Pair
System Design Strategies
PowerHour Experts you trust. Excellence you count on.
Isolated Bus
Simplest, most common topology
No connection with utility
Power Interruptions on re-transfer
Load control required to make sure that sufficient capacity is on line before connecting loads
Each generator set must be large enough to carry emergency loads
– Need to be on line in 10 seconds (NFPA 110)
G
XXX
LOADS
G
XXX
G
XXX
GG G
12470 V
480 V
4000
1200
(TYP 3)
ATS
ATS
LOAD 1
LOAD 2
PowerHour Experts you trust. Excellence you count on.
Isolated Bus with Gen Main
Minimum generator sets online
before connecting critical load
Common topology for prime
power
G
XXX
G
XXX
G
XXX
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Common Bus
Low cost
Can do open & ramping closed
transition transfer
Can’t guarantee 100msec max
parallel time
Service Problem:
– Bus maintenance causes interruption in
service to loads
– Loads can not be isolated from gen bus
GG G
12470 V
480 V
4000
2000
(TYP 3)
PowerHour Experts you trust. Excellence you count on.
Transfer Pair
Allows for bumpless retransfer and
test with load functions
Good for maintenance as generator
source can be isolated from loads
and tested
GG G
12470 V
480 V
4000
4000
2000
(TYP 3)
PowerHour Experts you trust. Excellence you count on.
G G
12470 V
480 V
12470 V
480 V
3000 30001600
(TYP 3)
NO
G G
U1 U2
Tie is normally open
Similar to two Common Bus designs
– Similar serviceability issues
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Main Tie Main
Multiple Transfer PairGG G
12470 V
480 V
12470 V
480 V
3000
30003000
3000
1600
(TYP 3)
Has better serviceability than Main Tie Main
System operates like two transfer pairs
Gens can parallel with either utility but not both
– On closed transition transfer gens sync with one utility at a time
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G G G G G G G G G G G G
Manual ties for
catastrophic failures
Example:
Three modules on site, installed in 2008, 2010, 2012
– Long term plan is to add a fourth module
Each module is sized for 25 MW
– Running at about ½ capacity
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Modular Design - Scalability
G G G G
Load
Bank
Maintenance Bypass and
Load Bank
12.74 kV/4160 Vac
4160/480 Vac 4160/480 Vac 4160/480 Vac
Can load bank
generator sets
without interruption
Bypass section allows
maintenance without
interruption
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Maintenance Bypass
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Swing Bus
Uptime Institute Tier Ratings
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Tier Level Ratings
The tier rating system is the industry standard for benchmarking data center reliability.
Four tiers, each building on requirement to the one below (ex. Tier II requires all of Tier I capability, plus the added requirements).
Power Generation and distribution is one of 16 subsystems evaluated.
No fractional tier ratings.
Tiers do not specify certain equipment, but rather a level of redundancy and security to maximize run time.
To be an enterprise class data center, UPS
and generator sets are required equipment.
Significant costs associated with higher tier
rating.
PowerHour Experts you trust. Excellence you count on.
Uptime Institute Tier Ratings
Tier I Tier II Tier III Tier IV
Description Basic Redundant Capacity Concurrently Maintainable Fault Tolerant
Capacity N N + 1 N + 1 2N (N after any failure)
Distribution Paths 1 1 1 Active, 1 Alternate 2 Simultaneously Active
Fault Tolerant No No No Yes
Typical Topology Standby Genset Isolated Bus Dual Transfer Pair Dual Transfer Pair
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Tier I - BasicDG
UPS Input
Switchgear
UPS
UPS Output
SwitchgearPDU
Computer
Equipment
ATSLife Safety
Equipment
*Emergency lighting, and
other emergency functions
required by local code may
specify an additional ATS
Tier I
Capacity N
Distribution Paths 1
Concurrently Maintainable No
Fault Tolerant No
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Tier II – Redundant Capacity
DG
+1
Etc. Mech. UPS
UPS Input
Switchgear
UPS
UPS Output
SwitchgearPDU
Computer
Equipment
DG
UPS
+1
*Emergency lighting, and
other emergency functions
required by local code may
specify an additional ATS
ATS
Life Safety
Equipment
ATSATS
PTC
Tier II
Capacity N + 1
Distribution Paths 1
Concurrently Maintainable No
Fault Tolerant No
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Tier III: Concurrent Maintainability
Adds redundancy to network distribution paths as well as
capacity established in Tier II systems.
Every distribution component can be removed or replaced during
a planned event without loss of service.
– Allows for a more proactive maintenance program
– Enables site to be upgraded as technology, capacity and infrastructure
requirements change
An unplanned event can still lead to disruption.
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Tier III - Concurrently Maintainable
Etc.
UPS Input
Switchgear
UPS
UPS Output
Switchgear
Computer
Equipment
Etc.
PDU
Mechanical
Critical MCC
Mechanical
Critical MCC
PDU
Critical Fan
or Pump
Critical Fan
or Pump
Mechanical
Component
Mechanical
Component
PTC PTC
UPS
+1
Gen
N
Gen
+1
Output
Switchgear
Tier III
Capacity N + 1
Distribution Paths 1 Active, 1 Alternate
Concurrently Maintainable Yes
Fault Tolerant No
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Case Study: Tier III Data Center Design
4 Megawatts at 480 VAC
N + 1 design on the generators
Redundant paralleling buses
System is concurrently maintainable
Tier 3 certified by the Uptime Institute
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Case Study: Tier III Data Center Design
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Case Study: Tier III Data Center Design
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Case Study: Tier III Data Center Design
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Tier IV – Fault Tolerant
Etc.
UPS Input
Switchgear
UPS
UPS Output
Switchgear
Computer
Equipment
Etc.
PDU
Mechanical
Critical MCC
Mechanical
Critical MCCOutput
Switchgear
PDU
Critical Fan
or Pump
Critical Fan
or Pump
Mechanical
Component
Mechanical
Component
UPS Input Switchgear
UPS
UPS Output
Switchgear
PTC PTC
UPS
+1
UPS
+1
Gen
N
Gen
+1
Gen
N
Gen
+1
Tier IV
Capacity N after any failure
Distribution Paths 2 Simultaneously Active
Concurrently Maintainable Yes
Fault Tolerant Yes
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Case Study: Segmented Paralleling Bus
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Generator Set Features for Data Centers
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Generator Sets for Tier III or Tier IV Systems
“Disruptions to the utility power are not considered a failure but an
operational condition for which the site must be prepared”
“A Tier III or Tier IV engine-generator system, along with its power paths
and other supporting elements shall meet … performance confirmation tests
while they are carrying the site on engine-generator power”
“Engine-generators for Tier III and Tier IV sites shall not have a limitation on
consecutive hours of operation when loaded to ‘N’ demand”
PowerHour Experts you trust. Excellence you count on.
ISO Ratings (8528-1 Section 13)
Emergency Standby Power (ESP)
– For supplying emergency power for the duration of a utility power failure
– Not to exceed 200 hrs/yr
– Average load factor of 70% of the standby rating over 24 hour period
Limited Time Prime Power (LTP)
– Limited number of hours 500 hr/year
– Non-Variable load
– Applications not to exceed 100% of the Limited Time Prime Power rating
Unlimited Time Prime Power (PRP)
– Unlimited number of hours per year (8760 hr/yr less service)
– Variable load
– Not to exceed 70% average of the Unlimited Time Prime Power rating during any operating period of 24 hours
Continuous Operating Power (COP)
– Unlimited number of hours per year (8760 hr/yr less service)
– Non-Variable load
– Applications not to exceed 100% of the Continuous Operating Power rating
PowerHour Experts you trust. Excellence you count on.
Data Center Continuous Ratings
Data Center Continuous (DCC) Ratings
meet the Uptime Institute Tier III and Tier
IV requirements
Data Center Continuous (DCC) Rating is
defined as:
The maximum power which the generator is capable
of delivering continuously to a constant or varying
electrical load for unlimited hours in a data center
application.
PowerHour Experts you trust. Excellence you count on.
Redundant Options
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Starter 3 & 4
Starter 1 & 2
Left Side of Engine
Right Side of Engine
Redundant Starters Redundant Fuel Filters
Redundant Fuel Filters w/Selector Valve
on Primary Stage of Fuel Filtration
Allows for fuel filter change without
interruption to generator set operation
Coolant Heating
PowerHour Experts you trust. Excellence you count on.
Coolant Heater Installation
Heater Element
Circulation Pump
Coolant Circulation Benefits
Consistent Heat Throughout Block
DC Load Management
Pre-Wired, factory-tested and validated common DC distribution box
streamlines service and installation
– Single point of DC distribution
– Allows for isolation of batteries of individual starters
– Improves ability to safely service and trouble shoot
– Enables breaker to be reset, rather than removing battery
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Minimized AC Connections
Set-mounted AC distribution box accounts for all of the generator
set’s single-phase AC accessories
– Single point of connection to the
generator set’s powered accessories
– Simplifies design and facilitates
installation
– Improves ability to safely service
and troubleshoot
– Contributes to clean/neat design
of generator set
PowerHour Experts you trust. Excellence you count on.
Integrated Monitoring Sensors
Sensors that are integrated and connected to the generator
set control are critical to providing advanced notification of a
maintenance or service need.
Examples
Air cleaner restriction indicators
Exhaust port temperature
Alternator bearing and RTD
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Cooling System
Factory designed, validated and supplied cooling systems capable
of 40C and 50C ambient temperatures are critical when it comes to
providing the performance and reliability that data center customers
demand.
PowerHour Experts you trust. Excellence you count on.
38
Summary
Using standard system topologies makes the system
more reliable and serviceable.
Consider ease of maintenance and future expansion
when designing system topology.
The Uptime Institute Tier Rating system serves as a
good framework for evaluating redundancy,
maintainability and scalability in a system design.
PowerHour Experts you trust. Excellence you count on.
Q&A
Type your questions, comments, feedback in the WebEx
Q&A box. We will get to as many questions as we can
We will publish consolidated FAQ along with
presentation and webinar recording on
powersuite.cummins.comYour local Cummins contacts:
AZ, ID, NM, NV: Carl Knapp ([email protected]), Rocky Mountain Region
CO, MT, ND, UT, WY: Joe Pekarek ([email protected]), Rocky Mountain Region
Northern IL, IA: John Kilinskis ([email protected]), Central Region
UP of MI, MN, East ND, WI: Michael Munson ([email protected]), Central Region
NB, SD, West MO, KS: Earnest Glaser ([email protected]), Central Region
South IL, East MO: Jeff Yates ([email protected]), Central Region
TX: Scott Thomas ([email protected]), Gulf Region
FL, GA, SC, NC and Eastern TN: Robert Kelly ([email protected]), South Region
NY, NJ, CT, PA, MD: Charles Attisani ([email protected] ): East Region
CA, HI: Brian E Pumphrey ([email protected])
WA, OR, AK: Tom Tomlinson ([email protected])
For other states and territories, email [email protected] or visit http://power.cummins.com/sales-service-locator
Closing
Watch out for a follow-up email including– A Link to webinar recording and presentation
– A PDH Certificate
Visit powersuite.cummins.com for – PowerHour webinar recording, presentation and FAQ archive
– Other Cummins Continuing Education programs
– Sizing and spec development tool
Please contact Mohammed Gulam if you have any questions related
to the PowerHour webinar ([email protected])