Parasitology Lab II-1 Malaria

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II.1 – MalariaDr. Nakpil

July 27, 2012

Krish Justine

Objective:To be able to know the different species of Plasmodium as well as different stages on theirLife cycle

INTRODUCTION

Classification

Kingdom: ProtistaSuborder: Haemosporina Family: PlasmodiidaeGenus: Plasmodium

LIFE CYCLE

ASEXUAL SEXUAL

Host Humans Mosquito

Organ involved Liver and erythrocytes Gut and Abdominal wall

Mosquito inserts proboscis injects the plasmodium sporozoite sporozoite begin asexual

cyclepre erythrocytic development of merozoites repeat development of merozoite inseveral cycles erythrocytic cycle penetrate erythrocytes ring develops which enlargesto become a mature amoeboid trophozoiteasexual multiplicationburst RBC releasemerozoitesinfect other cells

GENERAL FEATURESCytoplasm Stains blue with Wrights or Giemsa

Chromatin Stains red

PigmentGranules(hematin)

Do not stain Golden brown Darkbrown or black depending on the species Hematin comes from the metabolism of hemoglobin by the

parasite

Transmission Bite of Plasmodium infected female mosquito

Plasmodium

Vivax Falciparum Sporozoa Malariae



Krish Krish Justine

II.1 – Malaria

PARASITE SPECIES TROPHOZOITES SCHIZONTS GAMETOCYTES

P. falciparum malignant tertian malariae also known as blackwater fever Confined in the tropics and subtropics

Double and even triple infections of redBlood cell

Has accole forms (earliest stages do notposses ring form)

Pigments rarely seen in forms normallyfound in circulating blood

Infected red cells may develop Maurer’s

dots

Shape Minute rings (with 2 small

chromatin dots) Irregular outline

seen in young parasite

Schizogony does not usually take place inperipheral blood

mature schizontsforms 8-3 merozoitesaverage about 24

Varies from 12 to 28 with different strains

Shape Elongate or sausage Crescent in outline Pointed or blunt y round

seen in young parasite

P. vivax various asexual life cycle may be seen paroxysms follows somewhat synchronous

rupture of the majority of infected cell,liberating merozoites which in turn infectnew red cells

with accolee forms Infected cells noticeably enlarged and pale

and contains Schuffner’s dots ( can beseen in red cell infected 15 to 24 hours)

Merozoites rupture infected cell at about 48hours they are released to infected cells

Blood filmGiemsa’s

stain

appear as minute blue disk

with a red nucleus lyingwithin pink cytoplasm ofthe erythrocyte

Vacoule forms in the blue cytoplasm

Majority of infected cells in early forms Between 6-24 hours after the beginning ofthe cycle it will grow to a size of infectedcell and granules of brownish pigment havebegun to appear within them

Mature trophozoite largely ceases itsamoeboid activity and become compact

Single nucleus divides repeatedly to giverise to a total number of 12 to 24 nuclear

masses

Present



Krish Krish Justine

II.1 – MalariaPARASITE SPECIES TROPHOZOITES SCHIZONTS GAMETOCYTES

P. malariae asexual cycle 72 hours ring forms are not readily distinguished

fron P. Vivax

as the parasite grows, it exhibits littleamoeboid activity

elongated in form, stretching part way orentirely across the cell.

The infected cell is not enlarged Average number of merozoites: 8; arrange

in a rosette, symmetrically around a centralmass of pigment

But more typically are irregular dispersedwithin the mature schizont

Results to the formation of 6-12merozoites

Prior to schizogony, it nearly completely fillthe red cell

The red cell contains dust fine pale dotscalled Ziemann’s stipling

This stippling is only seen on heavilystained slides Contains average 8 merozoites

Shape(young)

Ovoid Do not assume the

amoeboid , commashallow forms

Shape(old) Compact; usually s

dots of nuclear mat

Cytoplasm Elongate mass of

cytoplasm : abundpigment

Difficult to distinguish from the the gtrophozoites

When mature maybe slightly larger the mature trophozoites

Contain proportionately more pigmethan the trophozoites at all stages

P. ovale Ovoid in shape of the many red cells has

been found to be variable Not so amoeboid in form as P. Vivax and

the nuclei in all stages are larger incorresponding stages of that species

Pigment is scanty Infected cells are enlarged pale and if

properly stained exhibit schuffner’s dots The margin of infected cells are often

ragged and the cells distinctly elongated ,ovoid or irregular in shape

Typically 4-12 merozoites produced

12-18 maybe formed with an average of14- 16 Larger than those of P. Malariae



Krish Krish Justine

II.1 – Malaria

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Parasitology Lab II-1 Malaria