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Parent well-being and ASD. Psychology Department Beechpark Services January 2012 Presented by: Louise Condon, Educational Psychologist Dr. Lorraine Crawley, Clinical Psychologist. Overview of parent well-being. Background Process of ASD diagnosis Formulation and collaboration - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Beechpark Psychology Department January 2012
Parent well-being and ASD
Psychology DepartmentBeechpark Services
January 2012
Presented by:Louise Condon, Educational PsychologistDr. Lorraine Crawley, Clinical Psychologist
Beechpark Psychology Department January 2012
Overview of parent well-being
Background Process of ASD diagnosis Formulation and collaboration Model of support Beechpark research study
Beechpark Psychology Department January 2012
Background
Impact of ASD on family Published literature on parental stress and
well-being Lazarus & Folkman (1984) stress model
Beechpark Psychology Department January 2012
ASD diagnosis
Cross-sectional ROI and NI study (Keenan et al, 2010) Questionnaires completed parents and multi-
disciplinary professionals Mean age at ASD diagnosis: 4 years (1.7-13 yrs range) Time between first referral and diagnosis in the study
was an average of 16 months in NI and 14 months ROI Some pursued private diagnosis (reduced length of
time between referral and diagnosis)
Beechpark Psychology Department January 2012
ASD diagnosis
99% of parents and professionals agreed increased support and guidance during process should be in place for families
Reports of problematic parent and professional partnerships
Parent stress: Diagnostic and planning processes
Beechpark Psychology Department January 2012
Confirmation of ASD Diagnosis – Processing the diagnosis
Gender (e.g. Pozo, 2010)
Cultural (e.g. Daley & Sigman, 2002)
Emotional response (e.g. Lutz, Patterson & Klein, 2011)
Beechpark Psychology Department January 2012
Confirmation of ASD diagnosis
Where next?
Informing wider family and response
‘Battle fatigue’
Resources for support and intervention
Beechpark Psychology Department January 2012
Formulation and collaboration
Experience of diagnostic process Expectations of parent role Previous life history Key issues at developmental stages Living with Autism
Beechpark Psychology Department January 2012
Formulation and collaboration
Building a therapeutic alliance Assessing level of stress and well-being Motivational interviewing Consultation with clinical team
Beechpark Psychology Department January 2012
Assessment of parent stress and well-being
General screening measures e.g. Parenting Stress Index (Abidin, 1995)
Significant life events Care plan process – strengths and needs
based Interweaved questions on the theme ‘How is
the family?’
Beechpark Psychology Department January 2012
Parent groups and programmes
Service groups (e.g. Parents Plus) Other agencies (e.g. Incredible Years) Parent community groups Online groups
Beechpark Psychology Department January 2012
Model of service delivery to parents
Information (e.g. Beechpark Parent support leaflet) Parent groups Level 1 – Education about ASD (e.g. Early Bird) Parent groups Level 2 – Strategies to parent a child
with an ASD (e.g. Emotions, Growing Up) Individual work (e.g. Behaviour programmes)
Area identified for development: Parent well-being
Beechpark Psychology Department January 2012
Individual coping responses
The stress response and ASD Increasing positive mood, e.g. seeking support,
positive reframing (Pottie & Ingram, 2008) Feeling in control over stressors one of the biggest
factors influencing the effect of stress on health Q. What would help feeling in control over stress
arising from being a parent to a child who has a diagnosis of ASD?
Beechpark Psychology Department January 2012
Beechpark research
Examining a well-being intervention for parents with children who have autism.
(Condon, L., Crawley, L., Cummins, P., Fitzpatrick, C., & O’Reilly, A.)
Beechpark Psychology Department January 2012
Factors influencing wellbeing and adaptation
Characteristics of the child with ASD (e.g. Bravo, 2006)
Social support (e.g. Boyd,2002) Coping strategies (e.g. Hastings et al.,2005) Perception of problems (e.g. Pozo,2010)
Beechpark Psychology Department January 2012
Sense of Coherence (SOC)
Comprehensibility - the ability of the family or individual to understand life situations and give them order and structure
Manageability - the ability to handle or respond to situational demands or the feeling that one is capable of obtaining the necessary resources to do so
Meaning or Sense - the extent that one feels that life makes sense
ASD and SOC (Pozo,2010)
Beechpark Psychology Department January 2012
Methodology
Group Intervention CBT based model (6 sessions) focused on:i) problem solvingii) cognitive restructuringiii) monitoring thoughts and feelings
Beechpark Psychology Department January 2012
Methodology
Participants Convenience sample
Instruments Demographics and family characteristics Q. The Parenting Stress Index–Short-Form (PSI-SF) The Positive Contributions Survey (PCS) Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS)
Beechpark Psychology Department January 2012
Thank You
Beechpark Psychology Department January 2012
References
Abidin, R. (1995). Parenting Stress Index: Professional Manual (3rd ed.). Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources Inc.
Boyd, B.A.(2002).Examining the relationship between stress and lack of social support in mothers of children with autism. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities,17(4),208-215.
Beechpark Psychology Department January 2012
References
Bravo,K.(2006). Severity of autism and parental stress: The mediating role of family environment. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: The Humanities and Social Sciences, 66(10),3.821.
Daley, T. & Sigman, M. (2002). Diagnostic conceptualisation of autism among Indian psychiatrists, psychologists and paediatricians. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 32(1), 13-23.
Beechpark Psychology Department January 2012
References
Hastings,R.P.,Kovshoff,H.,Brown,T.,Ward,N.J, degli Espinosa,F.,& Remingtin,B. (2005). Coping
strategies in mothers and fathers of preschool and school age children with autism. Autism,9,377-391.
Keenan, M., Dillenburger, K., Doherty, A., Byrne, T. & Gallagher, S. (2010). The experiences of parents during diagnosis and forward planning for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 23, 390-397
Beechpark Psychology Department January 2012
References
Lazarus, R. S. and Folkman, S, (1984). Stress, Appraisal, and Coping. New York: Springer.
Lutz, H., Patterson, B. & Klein, J. (2011). Coping with autism: A journey towards adaptation. Journal of Paediatric Nursing, Accessed online at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0882596311001916
Beechpark Psychology Department January 2012
References
Pottie, C. & Ingram, K. (2008). Daily stress, coping and well-being in parents of children with autism: A multilevel modeling approach. Journal of Family Psychology, 22(6), 855-864.
Pozo, P. (2010). In Pozo, P., Sarria, E. & Brioso, A. (2011). Psychological Adaptation in Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Accessed online at: www.intechopen.com/source/pdfs/20034/InTech-psychological_adaptation_in_parents_of_children_with_autism_spectrum_disorders.pdf.
