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Parshat Ki-Tisa:
Shiur by Menachem Leibtag
Presentation by Ronni Libson
Chet Ha’Egel and the 13 Midot of Rachamim
Part I
No date of return specified!
Not first time Moshe goes up on Har Sinai:
Previous times he was gone only a day or two
Days and weeks pass, Moshe does not return
People conclude Moshe is gone forever
Options:
Remain stranded in the desert
Return to Egypt
Continue journey to Eretz Canaan
No – they’ve waited for Moshe long enough
No – against God’s will and command
Request for a new leader:
A leader that will “walk in front of us” and lead us
God's earlier promise:
Bnei Yisrael assumed this “malach” was Moshe
The “malach” must be someone who commands them, represents God, and one with God's Name in his midst
Moshe is gone:
People demand Aharon make a replacement for this “malach” or possibly a symbol of this “malach”, in order that they can continue their journey to the Promised Land
Aharon’s response to request:
Appears as though Aharon actually agrees to request
People’s statement upon seeing the egel:
Does not imply that this Golden Calf actually took them out of Egypt
Egel is not a replacement for God, rather a representation of His Presence
To assure that the egel is properly understood as a representation of God, Aharon calls for a celebration:
Ceremony in MishpatimCeremony in Ki-tisa
Both – Built a mizbayach in front of 'symbol' of relationship with God:
Ceremony in Mishpatim includes reading of “sefer ha’brit” – God’s promise to send a “malach” to lead them
Both ceremonies relate to Bnei Yisrael's acceptance of a “malach” that will lead them to the land
Mishpatim: 12 monuments - representing fulfillment of Brit Avot
Ki-tisa: Egel – representing “malach” that God had promised would lead them
“Egel masecha” – a ‘face covering’ – hiding the true face while leaving a representation of what man can perceive
Why is God angered?Ceremony in MishpatimCeremony in Ki-tisa
Ceremony seems to have gotten ‘out of hand’
וקמו לחייכא אונקלוס: קל דמחיכין אונקלוס:
The loud noise Moshe hears upon descending from Har Sinai is the loud laughing of "vaykumu l'tzachek"
Negative context
Moshe was upset no less by the 'wild dancing' than by the egel itself!
God gets angry and tells Moshe to go down only on the next day, after "va'yakumu l'tzachek"!
“Va'yakumu l'tzachek" describes the primary sin of chet ha'egel
Public celebration around egel (initiated by Aharon) began with good intentions
Bnei Yisrael did not change - God took them out of Egypt in hope that they would change
God does not become angry when Aharon makes the egel
Ended with Bnei Yisrael reverting back to Egyptian culture
Before the exodus God demanded Bnei Yisrael rid themselves of Egyptian culture
Upon proclaiming "naaseh v'nishmah“ – appears as if they’ve changed
At chet ha’egel – proved their inner character never changed
Two stages in sin at chet ha’egel:
God’s double statement to Moshe after the sin
1) Making a physical representation of God – improper but understandable
2) Frivolous behavior after the eating and drinking at the conclusion of the ceremony - inexcusable
Regression to Egyptian culture
‘Stiff-necked people' unable to change their ways
God decides to destroy Bnei Yisrael, choosing Moshe to become His special nation instead
Conversation between Moshe and Aharon after chet ha’egel:
Once Aharon explained what happened in the first stage, Moshe already understood what happened in the second stage:
Aharon knows their nature based on previous experiences
Punishment reflects two stages of sin:
Instigators who incited licentious behavior – no room for forgiveness
Moshe asks God for forgiveness for rest of nation – their actions began with good intentions
Stage 2
Stage 1