Part 1 - World Meteorological Organization Extranet · Upper Air radio theodolite 8. Claysys 9. Data collection system 10. ... Outline the scientific and ... structure and functions

Egyptian Meteorological Authority World Meteorological Organization(EMA) (WMO)

Part 1


Part 1


Part 1

Arab Republic of Egypt Egyptian Meteorological AuthorityMinistry of Civil Aviation WMO RTC / Cairo, Egypt

Training Book -2- Dec-2014

INTRODUCTION

he courses are of various standards, some being designed for thenewcomer to Meteorology and Hydrology. The primary purpose of

most courses is to qualify the trainee for the duties which are expected to beundertaken by him as a member of a meteorological and hydrological service.

he Egyptian Meteorological Authority provides professional trainingfor its meteorological staff. Many of the courses are-open to other

Meteorological staff from other meteorological services.

courses in this booklet have been prepared in the light of WMOpublication (Guidelines for the education and training of

meteorological personnel) (WMO-No.258 ,No. 1083)*. All training courses aregiven in Arabic or English, according to the requirement of training, underthe supervision of the WMO RTC/Cairo, within the premises of the EgyptianMeteorological Authority.

Computer and Internet Lab.

WMO-No. 1083 ,2012*:Implementation of Education and Training Standards in Meteorology and HydrologyVolume I – ,Meteorology, World Meteorological Organization WMO

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he innovation in this issue is to complete the follow up of the newclassification of WMO for meteorological personnel in levels and

duties, taking into consideration the concept of continuous training. Thecourse reference number is composed in an objective manner using one ormore from the following abbreviations:

M For meteorologistMT Meteorological TechniciansE Electronicsj Junior levelm Medium levels Senior level

andidates from other countries can be admitted, subject to approval,for training at a standard rate, a reduced rate, or free of charge.

Admittance of the trainees from these countries to the various courses couldbe achieved by one of the following means:

1. The UNDP fellowship included in the Country programme.2. The World Meteorological Organization Programme.3. The country's national funds.

he Egyptian Meteorological Authority would consider favourablygranting short and long term fellowships in case none of the above

facilities could be exploited, within the limits of the assigned budget.

nquiries and requests for places on particular courses should beaddressed-as early as possible-to the following address:

The Chairman, Board of DirectorsEgyptian Meteorological Authority

Qoubry Al-QoubbaP.O. Box 11784Cairo -Egypt.

Tel. +(202) 26830069 - 26849860 Fax. +(202) 26849857

E-mail: [email protected]

t the termination of each course a report is issued to eachparticipant, to reflect the activities of the trainee during the period

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of the course and the results achieved by him through his training; with acertificate recording his grades in the final examination.

Historical WMO RTC / Cairo, Egypt

February 1965 the Institute of Meteorological Research and Training was designated withthe help of UNDP. The Executive Council (EC)- 20 of the World MeteorologicalOrganization (WMO) agreed in 1968 to announce the institute as a Regional MeteorologyTraining Center( RMTC) for Meteorological Instruments for English speaker in Africa (RA I)

The EC– 41 in 1989 assigned the institute as a Regional MeteorologicalTraining Center (RTC-Cairo) for all meteorological activity according toWMO Classification

At 2009 the agreement between WMO and EMA was revised in order torecalled the WMO RMTC/ Cairo to Regional Training Center (RTC-Cairo)on meteorology and hydrology for English and all Arab countries

Capabilities and infrastructure1- RTC/Cairo has the advantages of using the available Remote sensing facilities real exist

in the Met. Authority as in tableItem Description

1. Eumetsat Second Generation (MSG)2. High Resolution Picture Transmission (HRPT)3. Messier Vision4. Automatic weather Observation System (AWOS)5. Agro. Met. Weather Observation6. Upper air GPS7. Upper Air radio theodolite8. Claysys9. Data collection system10. GTS & WIS11. Pressure champers12. Temperature champers13. Humidity champers14. Simi stander barometer (mercury )15. Simi stander parameter digital

16. Standard data accusation system17. Satellite up & down link simulation18. Electronic lab19. Transducer lab20. Numerical Weather Production NWP lab



2- From 1968 to 2013, the WMO RTC/ Cairo, Egypt provided about 120basic training programs for meteorologist and meteorologicalTechnician (2007 trainees ) also provided about 125 training programsfor all related field programs in fields of military, aviation,agriculture, environment and communication (1671 trainees ),thereforeWMO RTC/ Cairo trained more than 3678 trainees from 30 countries ofdifferent region of the world

3- WMO RTC/ Cairo obtained quality management certification (ISO9001:2008)*

4- EMA has other 7 WMO Regional Centers which are content to WMORTC/ Cairo



Table of Contents

Introduction................................................................................................................................... 2

Table of contents………………………………………………………………………....………6

Meteorologist ................................................................................................................................. 8

Aeronautical Meteorological Forecaster.…..... …………………………...………………......19

Satellite images interpretation ................................................................................................. ..22

An introduction to NWP .........…………………………………….…………………….......…25

An introduction to Climate &Climate molding..................………………….......…...........…27

Synoptic Meteorology ................................................................................................................. 27

Agrometeorologist....................................................................................................................... 29

Meteorological Technician ........................................................................................................ 31

Upper Air Technician……….....………….…….……………………............….……………..38

Agromet.Technician.................................................................................................................... 38

Climatology Technician.............................................................................................................. 40

Synoptic Technician.................................................................................................................... 41

Fundamentals Of Electronics….................................................................................................43

Logical Circuits.………........………………………………………….……….……………….46

Automatic Weather Observing Systems(AWOS)…………………......………….........……..48

Microprocessor Operations……………...............................……………..………..…………..49

Digital Signal Communication ……………………………….………..……………......……..50

Meteorological Instrument Calibration....................................................………………….…52

Satellite Communication System....................…………………………………………………53

Met. Instruments Technician..................…..……………………………………………..……55



Aeronautical Meteorological ............………………….…….……………………………....…58

Climate Application on Agriculture and water resources .......................………………...…61

Instrumental Specialist ..……....………..………….…………….....…………………….....…63

Communication Networks……..………..………….……....……….….………………………65

Advanced telecommunication system in meteorology.………………...………... …..………67

Data Analysis In Meteorology and Oceanography .………......………...……………………68

Atmospheric & Ocean Modeling……………...….…………...….….………...………………70

Tides and Currents for Mariners…………………….…….…..…………….......……………72

Introduction to Observational Physical Oceanography …………………......………...……75

Regional Climate Model (RCM)…….…………….…………….….………….……...….……78

Basic Maritime Meteorology..............................................................................................…...81

Oil Spill Risks, Effects and Cleanup……………….………….….……………....………..…84

Marine Pollution……......………………..………….…………….….……………………...…87

Wave Analysis &Forecasting……….……………….………….….……………...………...…90

Using GIS to safely and effectively navigate shipping movements…...………..............……93

Fundamental Concepts of GIS……….…………………..…….….……………....…...………95

Introduction to Marine Geographic Information Systems (GIS)………...... ........………..98



1- METEOROLOGIST

SYLLABUS

IntroductionHistorical context. Outline the scientific and technological advances thathave contributed to the development of meteorology and its applications,brief introduction to the aims and functions of the internationalorganizations in the field of meteorology and in particular that of theWMO, the role of meteorological services, the Egyptian MeteorologicalAuthority, structure and functions of its main scientific and technicaldivision.

MathematicsDifferential and integral calculus, Vectors and matrices, Differentialequations.

PhysicsWaves. Explain the fundamentals of wave motion, including the conceptsof reflection, refraction and diffraction, phase and group velocities, wavedispersion and wave breaking and Optics. Explain the concepts ofreflection, refraction, diffraction and scattering of light.

Complementary subjects– Basic physical chemistry: Explain, using chemical nomenclature where appropriate, the basic

concepts used in physical chemistry (including elements, molecules, compounds,bonds, chemical reactions and reaction rates), and describe the properties ofgases and the key chemical reactions and cycles affecting the chemistry of thetroposphere and stratosphere;

– Basic oceanography: Describe the general circulation and thermal structure of the oceans,explain the dynamical processes involved in producing ocean currents, tides andwaves, and describe how measurements of temperature and salinity are taken;

– Basic hydrology: Describe the hydrological cycle, explain the factors determining runoff,groundwater and surface water resources and the water balance, describe how

Course reference number : Mj-01

Level : JUNIOR -Level

Objective : To serve as synoptic forecaster in generaland aeronautical forecaster in particular.To be able to study weather cases and issuenecessary reports.

Qualifications : BSc. Degree in Physics or mathematics.

Duration : 40 Weeks .



hydrological measurements are made (precipitation, evaporation, soil moisture,river flow, groundwater, etc.), and identify the causes of different types offlooding;

– Basic geography: Describe the main geographical characteristics of the region ofresponsibility, including local terrain and local demographics, and describe mapprojections commonly used in meteorology;

– Basic ecology: Describe the major cycles of the biosphere (with emphasis on the carbon andwater cycle) and the influence of human activity on those cycles (for example,destruction of rain forests and melting of permafrost).

TOPICS IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES

Physical meteorologyAtmospheric composition, radiation and optical phenomenaLearning outcomes – able to handle:– Atmospheric structure: Describe the vertical structure of the atmosphere in terms of its

constituents,temperature and moisture content;– Atmospheric composition: Explain the composition of the atmosphere, including trace gases,

aerosols, dust and volcanic ash, and pollutants;– Radiation in the atmosphere: Use a basic knowledge of radiation transfer theory to explain

the effect of surface conditions (including snow and ice) and atmosphericconstituents (including aerosols, water vapor, clouds, greenhouse gases andreactive gases) on the incoming and outgoing radiation;

– Global energy balance: Relate the Earth’s climate and its latitudinal and temporal variation tothe energy balance at the Earth’s surface, variations in the solar flux and theEarth’s orbital characteristics;

– Optical phenomena: Explain the transparency of the atmosphere and the origins of commonoptical phenomena (rainbows, haloes, coronas, sky color, cloud color, etc.) anddescribe the meteorological conditions favorable for their occurrence.

-Thermodynamics and cloud physicsLearning outcomes – able to handle:

– Applied thermodynamics: Apply the Laws of Thermodynamics, with emphasis onunderstanding the concept of an air parcel, describing adiabatic processes andderiving dry and saturated adiabatic lapse rates and the associated conservedquantities;

– Atmospheric moisture: Define the parameters used to represent the amount of moisture in theatmosphere, explain their physical meaning, how they are related and how theyare measured, explain the change of phase process, and determine the effect ofwater on the thermodynamic processes within the atmosphere;

– Atmospheric stability: Explain the basic features of a stable, neutral, conditionally unstable,potentially unstable and unstable atmosphere, identify the environmentalconditions that can produce various stabilities, and explain the physical basis ofcommonly used stability parameters;

– Thermodynamic diagrams: Use a thermodynamic diagram to analyze atmospheric processes,including assessing atmospheric stability, determining common parameters usedto describe the state of the atmosphere (including cloud parameters), andinterpreting the key features of a sounding;



– Clouds and precipitation: Describe and explain the microphysical processes leading to theformation and dissipation of cloud droplets, the growth and dissipation of warmand cold clouds, and the formation and growth of rain and solid precipitationparticles, and describe the macroscopic structure of warm and cold clouds;

– Electrical phenomena: Explain the mechanisms causing electrical phenomena that occur inthe atmosphere (for example, cloud-to-ground and cloud-to-cloud lightning), anddescribe the meteorological conditions favorable for their occurrence;

– Formation of atmospheric hydrometeors: Describe the synoptic and Mesoscale conditionsand local processes that produce the various cloud types, precipitation types,icing, dew, frost and the various types of fog.

Boundary-layer meteorology and micrometeorologyLearning outcomes – able to handle:– Turbulent processes: Describe the fundamental turbulent processes in the atmospheric

boundary, including laminar and turbulent flows, mechanisms for generatingturbulence, dissipation, decomposition of the fields into mean and fluctuatingparts, statistical description of turbulence, and turbulent transport of mass, heat,moisture and momentum;

– Surface energy exchanges: Describe the energy budget near the Earth’s surface and explainthe energy exchange processes in the surface layer;

– Boundary layer variations: Use knowledge of turbulence and surface energy exchanges toexplain the evolution and diurnal variation of the boundary layer, with emphasison the conductive transfer from the underlying surface and the role of radiationtransfer in determining the behavior of the boundary layer;

– Boundary layer profiles: Use knowledge of turbulence and surface energy exchanges toexplain the typical profiles of meteorological variables in stable, neutral andunstable conditions;

– Local winds: Explain the impact on boundary layer flows of the terrain, coastline and urbanareas, including thermally induced circulations (for example, sea and landbreezes, lake effects and valley winds);

– K theory : Explain how K theory is used to modify the equations of motion to take accountof turbulence, explain the origin and significance of the Ekman spiral, and derivean expression for the vertical structure of the wind in the surface layer using themixing-length hypothesis;

– Measuring techniques:Describe the techniques used to measure boundary-layer properties, including airquality;

– Air contaminants:Describe the common contaminants and pollutants affecting air quality and theirmajor sources and sinks, along with their measurement, behaviour (includingchemical and photochemical reactions and dry and wet deposition), anddispersion in the boundary layer, and explain how meteorological conditions,including stability, affect air quality, visibility and the dispersion of plumes.

Conventional observations and instrumentationLearning outcomes – able to handle:– Surface measurements: Explain the physical principles used in instruments to make surface

measurements of temperature, moisture, pressure, precipitation, wind, cloudheight, visibility, sunshine and radiation, and wave height, and the limitationsand sensitivities of those instruments, and describe the way cloud and weathertypes are classified;



– Upper-air measurements: Explain the physical principles used in instruments to make upper-air measurements of geographical position, pressure, temperature, moisture andwind as well as ozone and other atmospheric constituents (for example, dust andvolcanic ash);

– Characteristics of instruments: Describe, compare and contrast the characteristics of variousinstruments used to make surface and upper-air measurements of atmosphericparameters;

– Instrument errors and uncertainty: Explain the common sources of error and uncertainty instandard instruments and observing techniques, the methods of estimating theconfidence in a particular measurement, and the need to take account of therepresentativeness of an observation;

– Standards of instrumentation: Explain the importance of national and international standardsof measurement, and compliance with best practice for the accurate calibrationof instruments;

– Use and limitation of observations: Describe the uses of conventional observations and theirlimitations;

Remote sensingLearning outcomes – able to handle:– Radiation measurements: Describe the principles behind the radiation measurements used for

passive and active remote sensing, and how usable information can be derivedfrom remote-sensing data, including the limitations and sources oferrors/uncertainty;

– Passive sensing systems: Explain how passive sensing systems are used to provide digitaldata (such as visible, near infrared, infrared and water vapor imagery channels)and derived information about surface temperature and lightning, andatmospheric properties (including temperature, humidity, wind and atmosphericconstituents);

– Active sensing systems: Explain how active sensing systems, such as radar, LIDAR andSODAR, are used to provide quantitative and qualitative information aboutatmospheric parameters such as temperature, humidity, cloud, precipitation (rateand type), wind speed and direction, turbulence and phenomena such asthunderstorms, microburst and tornadoes;

– Satellite sounding systems: Describe the orbital characteristics, accuracy, samplinglimitations, use and limitations of various satellite sounding systems;

– Radar measurements: Explain the physical principles behind weather radar, including pulsed-Doppler radar, signal characteristics, how the radar information is processed, andthe effect of meteorological factors on the propagation and attenuation of radarwaves in the atmosphere;

– Aircraft and marine systems: Explain how aircraft, ships and buoys can be used to obtainatmospheric and oceanic information using remote-sensing systems.

Dynamic meteorology– Equations describing large-scale atmospheric flows: Explain the physical principles

underlying the equations that describe large-scale atmospheric flows (i.e., theprimitive equations), including deriving the apparent and real forces acting on afluid in a rotating frame of reference, and formulating the horizontal equation ofmotion;

– Pressure coordinates: Cast in pressure coordinates the primitive equations that govern theevolution of large-scale atmospheric flows, and state the advantages of using thiscoordinate system;



– Scale analysis and balanced flows: Apply scale analysis to determine the dominant processesoperating in various examples of fluid flows, and derive the equations describingbalanced flows (including inertial, cyclostrophic, geostrophic and gradientflows), hydrostatic equilibrium and thermal wind balance;

– Ageostrophic motion: Use the equations of motion to explain the causes and implications ofAgeostrophic flow, including the effect of friction;

– Vorticity and divergence: Explain the concepts of divergence, vorticity and potentialvorticity, describe the mechanisms for generating changes in these parameters,and determine the relationship between divergence in the horizontal wind andvertical motion;

– Quasi-geostrophic flow: Explain the approximations and assumptions involved in derivingthe quasigeostrophic system of equations, outline the derivation of thegeopotential tendency and omega equations, provide a physical interpretation ofthe forcing terms in these equations, and use these equations to explain thedistribution of vertical motion and geopotential tendency in a developingbaroclinic system;

– Waves in the atmosphere: Use approximate forms of the equations describing fluid flows todescribe the structure and propagation of sound waves, gravity waves andRossby waves;

– Baroclinic and barotropic instability: Explain the conceptual model used to describebaroclinic and barotropic instability.

Numerical weather prediction (NWP)– NWP data assimilation: Explain how information from observing networks and systems is

obtained and prepared for use in an NWP model, and explain the principlesbehind objective analysis, data assimilation (including 3D-Var and 4D-Var) andinitialization;

– NWP forecast models: Describe the key components of an NWP model (including theprognostic variables, physical laws, and how physical processes areparameterized), and explain the difference between types of models (forexample, spectral versus grid-point and hydrostatic versus non-hydrostaticmodels);

– Strengths and weaknesses of NWP: Assess the strengths and weaknesses of NWP and thereasons why there are limits to atmospheric predictability;

– Ensemble forecasting: Describe the principles behind ensemble forecasting and how such anapproach can be used for short-, medium- and long-range forecasting;

– Monthly to seasonal forecasting: Explain the scientific basis of monthly, seasonal and intra-annual forecasting;

– Downscaling: Describe the techniques used to provide detailed regional atmosphericinformation based on the output from global models;

– Post-processing and applications: Describe the techniques used for post-processing NWPoutput (for example, use of model output statistics) and some of the applicationsdriven by NWP output (for example, wave and crop yield models).

Synoptic and Mesoscale meteorologyMid-latitude and polar weather systemsLearning outcomes – able to handle:– Weather systems: Explain how mid-latitude and polar weather systems differ from those in

the tropics;



– Modification of bodies of air: Explain how bodies of air can be modified by the environment,the resulting characteristics of the air, and the ways in which the modificationscan affect weather at distant locations through air movement;

– Fronts: Use knowledge of physical processes to describe the characteristics of warm,cold and stationary and occluded fronts, how these fronts are related to synopticfields, and the three dimensional nature of frontal boundaries;

– Mid-latitude depressions: Apply physical and dynamical reasoning to explain the life cycle ofmid-latitude depressions in terms of the Norwegian cyclone model, including thethree-dimensional structure of a developing depression and the air flow throughthe depression;

– Jet streaks and jet stream: Apply physical and dynamical reasoning to explain thedevelopment, structure and impact of jet streaks and the relationship between thejet stream and the development of mid-latitude depressions;

– Synoptic-scale vertical motion: Diagnose synoptic-scale vertical motion in mid-latitudeweather systems (for example, by considering a geostrophic motion, using thePetterssen or Sutcliffe Development Theory or applying the omega equation);

– Cyclogenesis: Apply knowledge of dynamical processes to explain Cyclogenesis and thefactors contributing to explosive Cyclogenesis;

– Frontal structure and Frontogenesis: Explain the structure and dynamical characteristics offronts, the relationship between Frontogenesis and vertical motion, and theprocesses causing upper-level Frontogenesis;

– Polar weather systems: Explain the characteristics and formation of polar weather systems,including katabatic winds, barrier winds and polar lows;

– Extreme weather: Describe the weather, with emphasis on any extreme or hazardousconditions, that might be associated with mid-latitude and polar weather systemsand the likely impact of such conditions;

– Limitation of conceptual models: Analysis recent and/or historic weather events to assess theextent to which theories and conceptual models of mid-latitude and polarweather systems resemble reality.

Tropical weather systemsLearning outcomes – able to handle:– General circulation in the tropics: Describe the general circulation in the tropics and its

seasonal variation in terms of the temperature, zonal wind, meridional motions,humidity and sea-level pressure;

– Main tropical disturbances: Describe the main tropical disturbances and their temporalvariability, including the ITCZ, tropical waves, trade inversions, trade winds,tropical/sub-tropical jet streams, cloud clusters, squall lines, tropical depressions,sub-tropical ridges and upper-level anticyclones;

– Analysis of tropical flows: Describe the techniques used to analyze tropical flows, includingthe depiction of streamlines and isotachs, and the identification of areas ofconvergence/divergence;

– Weather systems: Explain how tropical weather systems differ from those in mid-latitudesand polar regions;

– Tropical waves: Describe the various types of tropical wave (including Kelvin waves,equatorial Rossby waves and Madden-Julian Oscillation) and their relationshipto organized convection and cyclogenesis;

– Tropical cyclones: Apply physical and dynamical reasoning to explain the structure andcharacteristics of tropical cyclones, the main dynamical processes involved in



their development, and the techniques used to forecast the development andevolution of tropical storms;

– Monsoon: Apply physical and dynamical reasoning to explain the structure and characteristicsof monsoons and the main dynamical processes involved in their development;

– Ocean-atmosphere coupling: Describe the role of ocean-atmosphere coupling with emphasison the theoretical basis and impact of El Ni ٌ◌o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO);

– Extreme weather: Describe the weather, with emphasis on any extreme or hazardousconditions that might be associated with tropical weather systems (includingtropical cyclones and monsoons) and the likely impact of such conditions;

– Limitation of conceptual models: Analyze recent and/or historic weather events to assess theextent to which theories and conceptual models of tropical systems resemblereality.

Mesoscale weather systemsLearning outcomes – able to handle:– Mesoscale systems: Describe the space and time scales associated with Mesoscale

phenomena, and the differences in the dynamical processes that drive Mesoscaleand synoptic scale systems;

– Mesoscale features associated with depressions: Explain the Mesoscale features associatedwith depressions (rain bands, dry lines, gust fronts, squall lines, etc.);

– Gravity waves: Apply physical and dynamical reasoning to explain the structure andformation of Mesoscale gravity waves;

– Convective systems: Apply physical and dynamical reasoning to explain the structure andformation of isolated convective systems such as thunderstorms and convectivestorms (including single cell, multi cell and super cell storms);

– Mesoscale convective systems: Apply physical and dynamical reasoning to explain thestructure and formation of Mesoscale convective systems;

– Orographic mesoscale phenomena: Apply physical and dynamical reasoning to explain thestructure and formation of orographic Mesoscale phenomena (lee waves, rotors,up-slope and down-slope winds, valley winds, gap flows, lee lows, etc.);

– Extreme weather:Describe the weather, with emphasis on any extreme or hazardous conditionsthat might be associated with convective and Mesoscale phenomena, and thelikely impact of such conditions;

– Limitation of conceptual models: Analyze recent and/or historic weather events to assess theextent to which theories and conceptual models of convective and mesoscalephenomena resemble reality.

Weather observing, analysis and diagnosisLearning outcomes – able to handle:– Monitoring and observing the weather: Monitor the weather, make a basic surface

observation using remote and directly-read instruments and visual assessments(including identifying cloud types, cloud amount and weather type), explain thereasons for the visual assessments, and explain the underlying causes of a varietyof weather phenomena that are visible from the Earth’s surface;

– Processing observations: Describe how observations are quality-controlled, coded anddistributed.

– Synoptic analysis and interpretation: Analyze and interpret synoptic charts and soundingsplotted on a thermodynamic diagram, and describe the limitations of theobservations used in the analyses;



– Integrating conventional and remote-sensing data: Integrate remote-sensing data andsynoptic observations to identify synoptic and mesoscale systems and diagnosethe weather situation through relating features found in radar and satelliteimagery to features observed from other data sources;

– International collaboration: Describe the role of international collaboration in the makingand sharing of observations, with emphasis on the World Weather Watch, WMOGlobal Observing System and WMO Information System (including the GlobalTelecommunications System).

Weather forecastingLearning outcomes – able to handle:– Local weather: Describe factors affecting local weather (for example, the effect of orography

and large bodies of water on cloud and precipitation, or the effect of land surfacetypes);

– Forecast process: Describe the main components of the forecast process, includingobservation, analysis, diagnosis, prognosis, product preparation, product deliveryand product verification;

– Types of forecasting methods: Explain the advantages and disadvantages of preparingforecasts based on persistence, extrapolation and numerical weather prediction(NWP), and describe the role of the forecaster;

– Conceptual models: Apply conceptual models in making short-range forecasts andinterpreting longer range forecasts;

– Practical forecasting: Combine information from various sources to explain the currentweather conditions, and use basic forecasting techniques, including theinterpretation of NWP output, to forecast atmospheric variables (for example,maximum and minimum temperature, wind, and precipitation type and intensity)at a specific location.

Service delivery, Annex IIILearning outcomes – able to handle:– Function of National Meteorological Services: Describe the function of National

Meteorological Services in monitoring and forecasting the weather and the roleof other service providers;

– Key products and services: Describe the key products and services, including warnings ofhazardous weather conditions, based on current and forecast weatherinformation, that are provided to the public and other users, and describe how theproducts and services are used (for example, for decision-making and managingrisk);

– Quality of products and services: Explain the basic techniques used to assess the quality ofproducts and services;

– Benefits and costs of meteorological services: Identify the economic and social impacts ofmeteorological services upon a country and their key user sectors.

ClimatologyGlobal circulation, climates and climate servicesLearning outcomes – able to handle:– Components of the Earth system: Describe the key components of the Earth system (i.e.,

atmosphere, oceans, land, cryosphere and solid earth);– Climate and weather: Describe climate and how it differs from weather;



– Climate data: Describe how climate is measured and the uncertainty inherent in climate data,how climate data is analysed using statistics, and how climate can be measuredusing remote sensing;

– Features of the global circulation: Explain the main features of the global circulation of theatmosphere and oceans based on an understanding of the physical and dynamicalprocess that are involved, and describe the global energy balance and the role ofthe atmosphere and oceans in balancing the radiative heating differencesbetween the equator and pole;

– Regional and local climates: Assess the factors that determine regional and local climates;– Classifying and describing climates: Describe the techniques for classifying the climate, the

principles behind these techniques, and the meaning and use of standardstatistical variables used to describe climate;

– Local climate: Describe the climatology and seasonal changes of the region of responsibilityand the way climatological information can be obtained and displayed;

– Key products and services: Describe the key products and services based on climateinformation that are provided to the public and other users, describe theirinherent uncertainties and how the products and services are used (for example,for decision-making and managing risk).

Climate variability and climate changeLearning outcomes – able to handle:– Data to assess climate variations: Describe the source and processing of data that is used to

reconstruct past climates and assess changes in climate and atmosphericcomposition;

– Observed climate variations: Describe how the climate has changed in the recent past in thecontext of changes that have occurred more generally in the past and thetechniques used for attributing the causes;

– Atmosphere-ocean interaction: Describe the various ways in which the atmosphereinfluences the oceans and the oceans influence the atmosphere;

– Climate variability: Apply physical and dynamical reasoning to explain the causes ofinternally generated climate variability (including examples of teleconnections ,anomalies, and the climatic effects of major regimes such as the Madden-JulianOscillation, North Atlantic Oscillation, and El Ni ٌ◌o-Southern Oscillation);

– Climate change: Apply physical and dynamical reasoning to explain the causes of externally-forced climate change (including the influence of human activity), and the sourceof uncertainty in understanding these causes;

– Impact, adaptation and mitigation: Assess the major impacts of climate variability andchange, and outline the adaptation and mitigation strategies that are applied inresponse to current and projected changes in the climate;

– Climate models: Explain the differences between climate models and those used for weatherprediction, explain why there are uncertainties in climate predictions, describehow climate predictions can be verified, and explain why there are differencesbetween statistical intra-annual forecasts and climate model predictions.

Satellite images Interpretations and radar dataFundamental ideas in Radiation transfer and satellite remote sensing,Types of meteorological satellite, Satellite characteristics, Disseminationof satellite imagery, Basic interpretation of VIS imagery, Basicinterpretation of IR imagery, Basic interpretation of WV imagery, Basicinterpretation of 3.7 µm (channel-3) imagery. MSG unit facilities, HRPTunit facilities, RGB Technique. Cloud types, Cloud patterns, synoptic



and mesoscale systems, and special features(fog, sand, volcanic ash,dust, fires, etc.). The Earth’s surface, and Atmospheric pollutants. Wavesand fronts. Position of Jet stream, types of cyclogenesis, ITCZ, cyclonesand anticyclones.

– Interpreting radar data: Interpret common radar displays, including use of enhancements andanimated imagery, to identify features associated with convective and mesoscaleprocesses;

Meteorological codesSynop, METAR, SPECI, TEMP, TAF, ARFOR, ROFOR, SIGMET,AIRMET, WARNING, SIGWX chart.

Aeronautical MeteorologyDescribe the extent to which hazardous weather systems affecting theregion of responsibility can be forecast, and explain the importance ofassessing the risk of hazardous weather, issuing prompt and accuratewarnings, and of understanding the potential impact of hazardous weatheron society, Aircraft icing, turbulence, other hazardous phenomena,meteorological aspects of flight planning, definitions, procedures formeteorological services for international air navigation, air trafficservices, aerodromes, operation of aircraft, aeronautical informationservices, aeronautical telecommunications, WMO documentation andICAO documentation.

Selected topicsSeminars on points of interest under supervision (Ozone, AgroMet,Satellite images, climate, synoptic situations, environment……….etc.)

Laboratory Exercises Plotting and analysis of surface and upper level charts, evaluation of

geostrophic wind, non-geostrophic wind and accelerations, geostrophicvorticity, geostrophic advection of different fields.

Construction of thickness charts by using graphical methods,evaluation of thermal wind.

Analysis of thermodynamic diagrams. Jet stream and tropopause analysis. Construction of vertical space and time cross sections for different

meteorological elements. Coding and decoding of surface and upper air observations. Written communications. Prepare written communications within

specified time limits in a concise, accurate and comprehensible way,including use of word processing and presentation programs.

Oral presentations. Make presentations within specified time limits inwhich the content and style of delivery accurately conveys informationin a way that is understood by the audience.

Teamwork. Demonstrate an understanding of the different roles andfunctions in a team.

Accessing and obtaining information. Find meteorological informationusing libraries, databases and internet searches.



programming: Use basic computer programming principles, andconstruct a simple computer program for analyzing or displaying data;

Data processing: Perform data processing and statistical analysis usingspreadsheets and databases;

Geographic Information Systems: Discuss the components andfunctionality of a GIS, describe the potential uses of a GIS along withits benefits and shortcomings, and outline data quality issues involvedin using a GIS;

Creating and publishing online material: Create, publish and update abasic webpage.

LECTURE ROOM NO.1



2- AERONAUTICAL METEOROLOGICAL FORECASTER

SYLLABUS

IntroductionThe Egyptian Meteorological Authority, structure and functions of itsmain scientific and technical division.

Competencies of AMP- AMF Competencies- overview of AMT Competencies

Meteorological satellite images interpretation- Introduction to satellites meteorology- Satellite images-Satellites images interpretation Such clouds- situations-jet stream - fronts - volcanic ash- sand storm etc.- The meteosat second generation of satellites images and its

application in interpretation of images using RGB composition- The study of different situations for the use of satellites

meteorology .Aeronautical meteorology

- review of various hazards to aviation such Aircraft icing,turbulence , thunder storm ,fog and volcanic ach

-explain the importance of assessing the risk of hazardous weather,issuing prompt and accurate warnings, , air traffic services.

Climate Change and climate variability- Introduction to Climate- Climate change, climate variability- Indices and using it in daily forecasting preparation

Course reference number :Mm-02

Level : Medium -Level

Objective : He will be able to achieve the competences forhis job as AMF and he will be able tosupervise the work of AMT.

Qualifications : Mj-01 and 2 years experience as aMeteorologist

Duration : 12 Weeks



CODE& Annex III- Review of the code & Annex III- The New in CODE &Annex III

Clouds physicsClouds and precipitation, Electrical phenomena, Formation ofatmospheric hydrometeors.

Assessment of AMP- The different ways of assessment methods- Practical application on different ways of assessment- Competency Assessment Toolkit- what the assessor should be have

Boundary-layer meteorology and micrometeorologyLearning outcomes – able to handle:– Turbulent processes: Describe the fundamental turbulent processes in the atmospheric

boundary, including laminar and turbulent flows, mechanisms for generatingturbulence, dissipation, decomposition of the fields into mean and fluctuatingparts, statistical description of turbulence, and turbulent transport of mass, heat,moisture and momentum;

– Surface energy exchanges: Describe the energy budget near the Earth’s surface and explainthe energy exchange processes in the surface layer;

– Boundary layer variations: Use knowledge of turbulence and surface energy exchanges toexplain the evolution and diurnal variation of the boundary layer, with emphasison the conductive transfer from the underlying surface and the role of radiationtransfer in determining the behavior of the boundary layer;

– Boundary layer profiles: Use knowledge of turbulence and surface energy exchanges toexplain the typical profiles of meteorological variables in stable, neutral andunstable conditions;

– Local winds: Explain the impact on boundary layer flows of the terrain, coastline and urbanareas, including thermally induced circulations (for example, sea and landbreezes, lake effects and valley winds);

– K theory: Explain how K theory is used to modify the equations of motion to take account ofturbulence, explain the origin and significance of the Ekman spiral, and derive anexpression for the vertical structure of the wind in the surface layer using themixing-length hypothesis;

– Measuring techniques:Describe the techniques used to measure boundary-layer properties, including airquality;

– Air contaminants:Describe the common contaminants and pollutants affecting air quality and theirmajor sources and sinks, along with their measurement, behaviour (includingchemical and photochemical reactions and dry and wet deposition), anddispersion in the boundary layer, and explain how meteorological conditions,including stability, affect air quality, visibility and the dispersion of plumes.



Dynamic meteorologyEquations describing large-scale atmospheric flows, Pressure coordinates, Scaleanalysis and balanced flows, Ageostrophic motion, Vorticity and divergence,Quasi-geostrophic flow, Waves in the atmosphere, Baroclinic and barotropicinstability

Numerical weather prediction (NWP)-NWP data assimilation, NWP forecast models, Strengths and weaknesses of

NWP, Ensemble forecasting, Monthly to seasonal forecasting, Downscaling,Post-processing and applications

- Numerical models outputs and it’s used in forecastingSynoptic , Tropical and Mesoscale meteorology

-Modification of bodies of air, Fronts, Mid-latitude depressions, Jet streaks andjet stream, Synoptic-scale vertical motion, Cyclogenesis, Frontal structure andFrontogenesis, Polar weather systems, Extreme weather, Limitation ofconceptual models

Tropical weather systems-General circulation in the tropics, Main tropical disturbances,Analysis of tropical flows, Weather systems, Tropical waves, Tropical cyclones,Monsoon, Ocean-atmosphere coupling ,Extreme weather, Limitation ofconceptual models,

Mesoscale weather systems-Mesoscale systems, Mesoscale features associated with depressions, Gravitywaves, Convective systems, Mesoscale convective systems, Orographicmesoscale phenomena, Extreme weather, Limitation of conceptual models.

QMS- Understand the concept of TQM (total quality management) and how to apply.- What is meant by ISO 9001 required .

Websites containing meteorology resources and Competency AssessmentToolkit

Prepare a working paper

ExamsExams divided into two parts

1- Exam in subject represents background.2- Prepare a work paper represented the competencies for AMFand AMT by apply QMS and Discuss it.

Note " this course is flexible and able to develop according the training needs ofParticipants and the previous assessment (feedback)".



3-SATELLITE IMAGES INTERPRETATION

SYLLABUS

IntroductionBasic principles: Fundamental ideas in Radiation transfer and satelliteremote sensing, Types of meteorological satellite, Satellitecharacteristics, Dissemination of satellite imagery, Basic interpretationof VIS imagery, Basic interpretation of IR imagery, Basic interpretationof WV imagery, Basic interpretation of 3.7 µm (channel-3) imagery.Simple identification: Cloud types, Cloud patterns, The Earth’s surface,Atmospheric pollutants.

Synoptic-scale cloud and moisture patternsIntroduction: Conveyor belts associated with fronts and wavesInterpreting large-scale patterns of cirriform cloud and moisture:Cirrus cloud bands, Cirrus shields, Deformation zone cirrus andmoisture.Interpreting patterns of cumuliform clouds: Locating thermal troughs,locating upper short-wave troughs, locating jet-stream axes, locatingsurface ridges.Interpreting features associated with baroclinic troughs: Leaf, Comma,Vortex.

Fronts and wavesClassical cold fronts: Differences between classical and split fronts,Development of cold frontal cloud bands, Conceptual model, Guidanceon analysis from imagery, Surface weather, Squall line development,Interaction with jet streaks.Split cold fronts: Development of split frontal cloud bands, Features onsatellite images, Surface and upper air analyses, Conceptual model andsurface weather.Warm fronts: The cloud band, Cloud development in the warm sector,‘Detached’ warm frontal cloud, Precipitation distribution.

Course reference number:Mj-03

Level : Special- level

Objective : To be able to use and interpret satelliteImages in forecasting.

Qualifications : Mj-01 & 2 years Experience as a weatherforecaster.

Duration : 4 Weeks



Instant (pseudo) occlusions: Synoptic scale , Mesoscale.Synoptic-scale waves: Basic dynamical concepts, Features on satelliteimages, Examples.

Depressions in mid-latitudesCloud signatures preceding Cyclogenesis: identifying key components,upper-flow patterns from satellite images.Types of Cyclogenesis: Evolutions from enhanced cumulus or comma,Evolutions from the main frontal cloud, Flat trough, confluent flowCyclogenesis (cloud head).Mid-latitude Cyclogenesis associated with tropical storms: Tropicalstorm regeneration, Cyclogenesis initiated by tropical storms, forecastingguidelines.Occlusions and mature depressions: Occluded fronts, Cloud andweather in occluded depressions.Non-deepening depressions: Clues from imagery, Upper-air patterns.Polar lows: Weather associated with polar lows, Polar lows within asynoptic-scale cold core aloft, Polar low development within a surfacetrough, Comma cloud associated with an upper trough, Waves associatedwith shallow baroclinic zones, Reverse-shear polar lows, A polar-low-like vortex in the Mediterranean.

Convective cloud patternsConvection initiated over oceans: Cloud patterns and their relation toatmospheric structure, further examples of maritime convection,Modifications near coasts.Topographically induced convective cloud patterns: Convectionassociated with sea-breezes, Convection associated with land-breezes,Land-based convection near inland water bodies, Winter time cloudbands, The influence of initial cloud cover on subsequent convection,The influence of wet ground and vegetation on convection, Theinfluence of cities on convection, Convection over elevated terrain,Orographically induced convergence zones and meso-scale vortices.Thunderstorm outflow and convective interaction: Convective stormlow-level outflow and arc cloud lines, Outflow boundaries and newthunderstorm development.Organized meso-scale convective systems: Features in the pre-stormenvironment, Types of meso-scale convective systems, Life cycle andevolution of an MCS, Precipitation patterns in MCSs, Severe weatherassociated with MCSs, Summary of forecasting convection.

Fog and low cloudRadiation fog and stratus: Detection of fog in the daytime,Distinguishing between fog and stratus, Detection of fog at night,Formation of fog and stratus within moisture boundaries, Guidelines onformation and detection of fog, Dissipation of fog and stratus: the role ofinward mixing, Guidelines for forecasting dissipation of fog.Sea fog: Daytime imagery, Nighttime imagery, Sea fog motion, theeffect of coastlines and other meso-scale influences on fog.Stratocumulus: The appearance of stratocumulus, The importance ofstratocumulus, The physical environment and evolution of



stratocumulus, The motion of stratocumulus, Satellite observations ofstratocumulus cloud-top temperature, Small-scale structure ofstratocumulus.

Orographic and polar phenomenaClouds generated by mountains: Lee waves and orographic cirrus,Inferring areas of turbulence, other examples.Mountain barrier effects: fö ِ◌hn :The barrage cloud, FogPolar phenomena: Identifying clouds in polar imagery, High-latitudecloud types, Topographical phenomena, Vortices in the Polar Regions.

On job trainingThe participants will take an hour every day on job training using, MSG,MESSIER VISION in the main remote sensing center.



4- AN INTRODUCTION TO NUMERICAL WEATHERPREDICTION

SYLLABUS

Introduction– Historical overview– Overview of NWP Cycle–Atmospheric Observing Systems– Errors in Meteorological Observation– Quality Control of Data– Objective Analysis– Data Assimilation– How to describe the continuum Atmosphere

Introduction to Finite Difference– overview of Different numerical methods

– Advection and Oscillation Equations– Finite Difference Concepts I: Taylor expansion, Truncation Error,

Higher Order Quotient difference, Round off Error.– Finite Difference Concepts II: Consistency, Convergence, Stability of

Numerical Solution, Phase Error.– Numerical Stability Domain of Dependence, Region of Influence,

CFL condition.Time Difference Schemes

– Two level Schemes– Three level Schemes

Course reference number :Mj -04

Level : Special- level

Objective : _Understanding the component of NWP cycle._ Discussing the advantages and disadvantages

of numerical methods._ Preparing the student to best use of numerical

weather model products._ Providing some programming skills, which

enables the trainee to understand thedynamics of the atmosphere.

Qualifications : Mj-01 , 2 year experience as meteorologist

Duration : 3 weeks .



Space Difference Schemes– Centered Space Difference– Uncentered Space Difference

Time-Space Difference Schemes– Forward-Upstream scheme– Leapfrog scheme– Matsuno Scheme

Introduction to Ensemble Prediction– Introduction to Chaos Theory– The Uncertainties in NWP– Lorenz Three Variable Model– Applications

Introduction to Seasonal Prediction– The atmospheric Predictability– The role of Ocean Circulation– What we can seasonally predict?

Intelligence Usage of NWP– Some Misconceptions– High resolution Modeling of Mesoscale– Fog– Dust storm– The effects of Topography on wind– Land/Sea Breaze

Verification and Validation of NWP– review of some statistics– Introduction of Verification– Model Output statistics (MOS)– Post-processing and MOS

PracticeInstalling & running of WRF for NWP, Installing & running of RegCM.for climate applications

Numerical Weather Prediction Lab.



5- AN INTRODUCTION TO CLIMATE & CLIMATEMODELING

SYLLABUS

Introduction to Climat System– An Overview of Earth System– Energy Cycle, hydrological cycle, others– Atmospheric Composition and Structure.

General Circulation of Atmosphere– Atmospheric Radiation– Theories in General Circulation

* Hadely Theory* Three Cell Model*Palmen Model* Vertical and Horizontal Circulation

– Observed Large Scale Patterns– Practical Exercises

* Using Grads and Reanalysis Data to drawing The Basic Large ScalePatterns

Climate Classification- the climate classification

Ocean Circulation– General Ocean Circulation– Atmosphere-ocean interaction

Climate Variability– Teleconnections– Atmospheric Oscillations

* North Atlantic Oscillation

Course reference number :Mj-05

Level : Special -Level

Objective : This course provides an introduction to climate system,its modeling, and the climate change. The generalcirculations of atmosphere and ocean and theirinteractions will be discussed in some details. Someadvanced topics like atmospheric oscillations andclimate change will briefly be discussed in simple way.

Qualifications : MJ-01 , two year experience as meteorologist

Duration : 3 Weeks .



*El Nino-Southern Oscillation*Madden-Julian Oscillation

Climate Change– Introduction to Paleo-climate– Natural and Anthropogenic Effects– Green House Gases– IPCC Reports– Impact, adaptation and mitigation

Introduction to Climate Modeling– Overview of Earth system Modeling– Simulation and Scenarios'– Climate Change Modeling

Egypt Climatology– History of Climate Studies in Egypt– Basics Climate Features



6- ENHANCE FORECAST ACCURACY BY USING NWP

SYLLABUS

Introduction

General review on synoptic, physical & dynamical Met.

Numerical schemes

- Basic commands to deal with files and directory- Introduction to shell programming- Data types- Input / Output files- Finite difference- Time schemes- Statistical validation

Practice

Data analysis using NCL, CDO and NCO.

Course reference number :Mj-06

Level : Special - level

Objective : Read, Interpret & use the products of NWPmodels to enhance weather forecast.

Qualifications : Mj-01 & 2 years' Experience as a forecasterin any Forecasting Center.

Duration : 2 Weeks



7-AGROMETEOROLOGIST

SYLLABUS

IntroductionGeneral revision of the main topics of relevance such as radiation andclimatology. Importance of weather and climate for agriculturalproduction, national agrometeorological services functions and aims Ofthe WMO commission for Agricultural Meteorology (CAgM).Maintenance and calibration of the agrometeorological stationinstruments

Biological measurements- Stages of crop developments (from plantation to harvest).- Pests and diseases affecting agriculture crops.- Crop modeling (growth, elongation, irrigation schedule, bests and disease- Specific examples of biological / phonological observation .- Practical training to the topics using locally row data.

Soil and its heat balance- Exchange the temperature between the atmosphere and the soil.- Transmission of temperature during the soil.- Behavior of soil temperature at different depths during bare and grass

soil.- The importance of studying of soil temperature for agriculture.- Practical training to the topics.

Radiation balance and its relationship with the soil- Direct and diffuse components of solar short-wave radiation.- Solar radiation, instruments, calibration, methods of observation,

maintenance and data analysis.- Practical training to the topics using locally row data.

Course reference number :Mm-07

Level : Medium level

Objective : To qualify professional forecasters to servein the field of agro meteorology.

Qualifications : Mj-01 & 2 years Experience in field ofmeteorology .

Duration : 12 weeks.



Rainfall data analysis- Methods of Rainfall data analysis.- Dry and wet seasons (spells).- Analysis of extreme values.- Practical training to the topics using locally row data.

Hydrological cycle and its importance for Agro meteorology- Water and vegetation.- Water and crop index.- Determine of water loss from land surface.- Evaporation and evapotranspiration measurements.- Comparison between evaporation equations.- Practical training to the topics using locally row data.

Statistical computing- Introduction to the statistics- Descriptive statistics, correlation, regression and multiple regression,

Analysis Of Variance, confidence interval, F-test, Q_square test, --- ect- Rainfall data analysis.- Dry and wet seasons (spells).- Analysis of extreme values.- Practical training to the topics using locally row

data.- Using statistics to perform agrometeorological weather report

Agro meteorological stations- The aim of agrometeorological station- Routine work of the agrometeorological station- Agrometeorological station instruments.- Automatic agrometeorological station.- Quality control of agrometeorological data.- Practical training to the topics

Laboratory and field exercisesVisiting to the agrometeorological station.



8- METEOROLOGICAL TECHNICIANS

SYLLABUS

IntroductionHistorical context. Outline the scientific and technological advances thathave contributed to the development of meteorology and its applications.The Egyptian Met. Authority (EMA) Structures and functions of its mainscientific and technical divisions.WWW Functions.

MathematicTrigonometry, Logarithms , exponentials ,Vectors ,Algebra, Geometryand Coordinate geometry.

Physics

Kinematics, Work, energy and power, Phases of matter, Temperature,heat, kinetic theory of gases, Oscillations , waves,

Basic physical meteorologyAtmospheric composition and structure. Describe the composition ofthe atmosphere and explain its vertical structure.Atmospheric pressure. Explain why pressure varies with height,explain the effect of temperature and humidity on the variation ofpressure with height, and explain why pressure is often reduced to meansea level.

Course reference number: MTj-08

Level : JUNIOR -Level

Objective : To qualify the participants in the field ofmeteorology to enable them to performmeteorological observations, meteorologicalmeasurements, weather monitoring, climateand how to do quality control for data. Bythis program, the participants have to beable to adapt themselves as appropriate intheir future activities.

Qualifications : Secondary school certificate (Science orMathematics) and/or Electronic techniciancertificate.

Duration : 26 weeks



Atmospheric temperature. Describe the heating and cooling effect ofconvection, advection, turbulence and evaporation/condensation, explainthe effect of water vapor, cloud and wind on the surface air temperature,explain the diurnal variation in surface air temperature, and describe themain factors that affect the global distribution of surface air temperature.Atmospheric humidity. Explain why humidity is important, explain theconcepts of vapor pressure, saturated vapor pressure, wet-bulbtemperature, dew point and relative humidity, and describe the factorsthat affect the rate of evaporation.Atmospheric stability . Describe the causes of variations inatmospheric stability, explain the concepts of dry adiabatic lapse rate,saturated adiabatic lapse rate and environmental lapse rate, explainvarious types of stability (e.g., absolute, conditional, neutral), explain therole of temperature inversions, and describe how stability and instabilitydevelop.Clouds, precipitation and thunderstorms. Explain why rising motionleads to the formation of clouds, describe the main mechanisms for theformation of clouds, describe the processes that produce precipitation.

Basic dynamic meteorologySolve basic problems when a system is in equilibrium, solve basicproblems using Newton’s Second Law of Motion, and solve basicproblems using the principle of the conservation of momentum. explainthe concept of the following scale analysis ; Motion in a circle, Explainthe concept of centripetal acceleration and describe circular orbits byrelating the gravitational force to the centripetal acceleration; BasicEquations in Isobaric Coordinates; Balanced Flow; Wind. Explain whywinds occur, describe the pressure gradient force and Coriolis force, andexplain concepts of the geostrophic and gradient winds; describe theeffect of friction on the wind, and explain the causes of common localwinds caused by topography (e.g., sea/land breezes, foehn winds andkatabatic/anabatic winds). Trajectories and Streamlines; The ThermalWind ; Vertical Motion ; Surface Pressure Tendency ; The CirculationTheorem ; Vorticity

Aeronautical MeteorologyAircraft icing ,turbulence, fog ,thunderstorm ,sand storm ,dust storm

,volcanic ash and tropical cyclones.

RadiationAtmospheric optics and electricity. Explain the formation of rainbows,haloes, blue skies and lightning .Electromagnetic radiation andElectricity and electromagnetic induction. Explain the diurnal, latitudinaland seasonal variations in the radiation reaching the Earth’s surface,describe the differences between short (solar) and long-wave (terrestrial)radiation, describe the processes affecting short- and long-wave radiation(i.e., reflection, scattering and absorption of radiation), outline the heatbudget of the Earth’s atmosphere, explain the greenhouse effect, explainthe role of ozone in affecting ultraviolet radiation, and describe the heatbalance at the surface and how it varies with latitude.



Basic oceanography& Basic geographyDescribe the general circulation and thermal structure of the oceans, anddescribe how measurements of temperature, salinity and sea state aremade. Basic geography. Describe the main geographical characteristicsof the region of responsibility,including a description of the local terrain.

Basic hydrology.Describe the hydrological cycle, identifying the key factors determiningrunoff, groundwater and surface water resources and the water balance,and describe how hydrological measurements are made (e.g.,precipitation, evaporation, soil moisture, river flow, groundwater).

Basic Synoptic and mesoscale meteorologyExplain the concepts of high, low pressure, troughs and ridges and theirassociated weather, air mass ( a the origin, characteristics, movementand modification of air masses ) and fronts and jet stream(describe therelationship between jet streams and weather systems). Different typesof charts used in forecasting office, different scales of motion. Describethe formation, evolution and characteristics of synoptic-scale andmesoscale tropical, mid-latitude and polar weather systems, and analyzeweather observations. Describe the forecast process and the use made ofthe associated products and services , describe the principles behindnumerical weather prediction (NWP), and interpret basic operationalNWP output.Weather at a specific location. combination of effectsacting on different time and space scales. Mid-latitude and polar weathersystems. Main tropical disturbances. Describe the main tropicaldisturbances and their associated weather, including the ITCZ, tropicaldepressions, monsoons and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO).Mesoscale systems. Describe the formation and characteristics ofimportant mesoscale features affecting the region of responsibility.Surface pressure diagrams. Identify the main synoptic features onsurface pressure diagrams and the associated satellite and radar imagery,and describe the typical weather associated with those features. Upper-air diagrams. Describe different types of upper-air diagrams, includingheight charts on constant pressure surfaces, identify the main synopticfeatures on the diagram . Aerological diagrams. Describe the physicalideas that form the basis of aerological diagrams and perform basicoperations on the diagram. Key products and services. Describe the keyproducts and services, including warnings of hazardous weatherconditions, based on current and forecast weather information that areprovided to the public and other users. Function of NationalMeteorological Services. Describe the function of NationalMeteorological. Key products and services. Describe the key productsand services, including warnings of hazardous weather conditions, basedon current and forecast weather information that are provided to thepublic and other users. Function of National Meteorological Services.Describe the function of National MeteorologicalServices in monitoring and forecasting the weather and the role of otherservice providers.



Satellite and radar imageryRemote-sensing systems. Describe the means by which remote sensingfrom ground and space (including use of satellites, radars, windprofilers, and aircraft, marine and lightning-detection systems) providesinformation about the atmosphere. Study the basic concepts of satellitestypes and images and describe the weather associated with thoseimages.

Basic climatologyAn individual achieving the learning outcomes dealing with basic

climatology shall be able to:– Describe the general circulation of the atmosphere and the processes

leading to climate variability and change;– Describe the use made of products and services based on climate

information. Learning outcomes – able to handle:– Features of the global circulation: Explain the main features of the global

circulation of the atmosphere and oceans and their temporal (diurnal,seasonal, annual) variability;

– Regional and local climates: Explain the factors that determine regionaland local climates;

– Classifying and describing climates: Describe the techniques forclassifying the climate, including the Köppen method;

– Local climate: Describe the climatology and seasonal changes of theregion of responsibility and the climatic trend in that region;

– Climate variability and climate change: Describe the difference betweenclimate variability and climate change, describe the basic conceptsbehind the greenhouse effect and the basic science involved in human-induced climate change, and describe the basis for climate predictions;

– Seasonal forecasts: Outline the process and scientific basis for makingseasonal forecasts;

– Climate data: Describe how climate data is captured, collected andquality-controlled in the meteorological service

– Climate statistics: Describe how climate data is analysed in terms of itsdistribution (for example, frequency and cumulative frequency), centraltendency and variation;

– Key products and services: Describe the key products and services basedon climate information that are provided to the public and other users.

Meteorological instruments and methods of observationExplain the physical principles used in instruments to measureatmospheric parameters. Make basic weather observations.WMO Integrated Global Observing System. Describe the maincomponents of the WMO Global observing System and WMOInformation System (including the Global TelecommunicationsSystem) that are used for making and transmitting meteorological andother environmental observations on a global scale using surface-basedand space-based systems. Siting of instruments. Describe the factorsthat need to be taken into account when siting surface instrumentation.Surface instrumentation. Explain the physical principles used ininstruments to make surface measurements of temperature, moisture,



pressure, precipitation, wind, cloud height, visibility, sunshine andradiation (including instruments used in automatic weather stations),describe how these instruments operate, and outline the kinds of errorsthat might occur. Clouds. Describe the main cloud types, theircharacteristics, usual height range, and associated weatherphenomena.Weather phenomena. Describe the various weather phenomenaconsidered when taking a visual surface observation, describe theircharacteristics and explain their formation.Monitoring and observingthe weather. Monitor the weather, make surface observations usingremote and directly-read instruments and visual assessments (includingidentifying cloud types, cloud amount and weather type), and explainthe reasons for the visual assessments. Standards, quality control,calibration and intercomparison. Describe national and internationalmeasurement standards and best practice for the quality control ofobservations and calibration and intercomparison of instruments.Upper-air observations. Explain the physical principles and thelimitations of instruments used to make upper-air measurements.Coding. Outline how observations are coded and transmitted, anddescribe the differences between different types of messages (e.g.,SYNOP, SHIP, CLIMAT and METAR).Use of observations. Describethe main uses of observations from the WMO Integrated GlobalObserving System and other sources of information.

Statistical & ComputerProgramming. Use basic computer programming principles, andconstruct a basic computer programme.

Statistical : Select suitable ways of displaying statistical data andinterpret the results, use different measures of central tendency (mean,median and mode) and variation (range, interquartile range and standarddeviation), and explain the concepts of sampling, linear regression byleast squares, correlation, normal distribution, percentiles andhypothesis testing..

Laboratory and Field Exercises1. Handling of measuring and recording meteorological instruments

for observations, 1st line practice for simple repair and maintenanceon site of these instruments.

2. Identification of weather phenomena, direct and estimatedmeasurements of surface weather elements, cloud observations(form, amount and high).

3. Coding and decoding of surface and pilot balloons observations,and their mean monthly values.

4. Entry of observation in the proper registers, table and forms.5. Plotting surface and upper air diagrams.6. On Job Training.7. Written communications. Prepare written communications within

specified time limits in a concise, accurate and comprehensibleway, including use of word processing and presentation programs.



8. · Oral presentations. Make presentations within stated time limitsin which the content and style of delivery accurately conveysinformation in a way that is understood by the audience.

MANUAL MET. INSTRUMENTS LAB.



9-UPPER AIR TCHNICIAN

SYLLABUS

IntroductionGeneral revision on Math. & Physics, Radiosonde sounding, Electricity andradio, oscillatory circuits, transmitters, receivers, modulation, amplifiers, powersupply, wave propagation.

Meteorological RequirementsRadiosonde data for Met. Operations, Relationships between satellite andradiosonde upper air measurements maximum height of radiosondeobservations, accuracy requirements, temperature, relative humidity,geopotential heights

Methods of measurementsConstrains on radio design, radio frequency used by radiosondes, radiosondeselectronics, power supply, radio transmitter.

Met. Instruments for upper air observationsSensors, Radiotheodolite wind measurements, GPS wind measurements,methods of calculations, ground station equipment, general features, softwarefor data processing, preparation of radiosondes for flight, Avoidance of outsideinterference, Surface observations for sounding, data checking and reporting.

Meteorological codesInternational and national Met. Codes used to report upper air observations.

Course reference number : MTm-09

Level : Medium - level

Objective : To qualify professional observers to serve inthe field of upper air measurements

Qualifications : MTj-08 & 2 years Experience as a Met.Technician

Duration : 6 weeks.



10-AGROMET. TECHNICIAN

SYLLABUS

IntroductionGeneral revision of the main topics of relevance such as radiation and climatology in course No.100. Importance of weather and climate for agricultural production, national agrometeorological

services functions and aims Of the WMO commission for Agricultural Meteorology (CAgM).

Agrometeorological stations- Agrometeorological factors and instruments.- Automatic agrometeorological factors.- Quality control of automatic station data.

Statistical computing- Introduction in statistics of data analysis, statistical packages that used in

data analysis.- Practical training to the topics using locally row data.

Analyzing of rainfall data- Methods of Rainfall data analysis.- Dry and wet seasons (spells).- Analysis of extreme values.- Practical training to the topics using locally row data.

Analysis Soil temperature- Analyses of soil temperature at different depths at dry and grass field

using water balance equation.

Hydrological cycle in Agriculture- Estimates of evaporation and evapotranspiration from climatological data

using empirical formula, desertification.



Objective : To qualify professional forecasters to serve inthe field of agrorneteorology andhydrometeorology.

Qualifications : MTj-08 and 2 years experience in the field ofMeteorology.

Duration : 6 weeks.



- Practical training to the topics using locally row data.

Biological measurements (phonology)- Explain stages of crop developments.- Pests and diseases.- Crop modeling.

Weather report- Steps of preparing 10-days agrometeorological weather report.- Practical training for preparing 10-days agrometeorological weather

report.

Laboratory and field exercisesVisiting to agrometeorological station and water requirementsdepartment at agriculture research center at GIZA, EGYPT.



11- CLIMATOLOGY TECHNICIAN

SYLLABUS

IntroductionGeneral revision on mathematics, physics and general meteorology.

General climatologyDefinition (climate, climate system, variables, controllers of climate,……), General circulation, air masses, classification of climaticsystems, locale climate, regional climate, and some climatic phenomena(El-niño, seasonal floods & storms,……….etc.), climate services,climate change.

Physical climatologyRadiation (heat) and energy budget, radiative heat transfer (radiative forcing), water budgetconcept, water balance components.Hydrological cycle

StatisticsSelect suitable ways of displaying statistical analysis and interpret theresults, use different measures of central tendency (mean, median andmode) and variation (range, interquartile range and standard deviation),and explain the concepts of data sampling, linear regression by leastsquares, correlation, normal distribution, percentiles and hypothesistesting.

Data processing methodsEffect of network size and density, handling climatological data usingcomputers, operating systems, use of utility programs for statisticalmethods, code and decode the climate data.



Objective : To be able to adopt themselves assupervisors on monitoring climate andobserved local climatic variability.


Duration : 6 weeks.



Computer scienceProgramming languages, algorithms, software used in climatology,archiving, construction of vertical and time cross-sections for variousfields.

Laboratory exercises Building up a data base Extreme value analysis Curvilinear relationships Validating statistical relationships Tests of regression analysis Using climatological normals …………………….etc.

Meeting Room.



12-SYNOPTIC TECHNICIAN

SYLLABUS

IntroductionMathematics: Functions, limits and derived functions, Integral calculus,partial derivatives and differentials, vector calculus, vector analysis andrelated operators.Physics: General thermodynamics (1st and 2nd basic principles),fundamental of elementary mechanics, static and dynamics of a particle,deriving speeds and accelerations.

General MeteorologyGeneral circulation (Surface and altitude), Air masses and Frontalboundaries, formation and developments of disturbances, localphenomena.

Physical MeteorologyOverview of the atmosphere and terrestrial system: Description of theatmospheric environment, recalling basics about electromagneticradiation, solar and terrestrial radiation, Thermodynamics of the dry andwet atmosphere, Depiction of the vertical structure of the atmosphere ondedicated documents (Tephigram), vertical equilibrium and hydrostaticapproximation.

Dynamic MeteorologyIntroduction to dynamic meteorology, Basic equation of motion,Affecting forces on the atmosphere, Winds, Thermal wind Divergenceand vorticity , physical meaning of mountain wave and its effect.

StatisticsSelect suitable ways of displaying statistical data and interpret theresults, use different measures of central tendency (mean, median and



Objective : To be able to adept themselves asappropriate in their future activities assynoptic meteorological technicians.


Duration : 6 weeks



mode) and variation (range, interquartile range and standard deviation),and explain the concepts of sampling, linear regression by least squares,correlation, normal distribution, percentiles and hypothesis testing..

Weather analysis and forecastingBasic principals of weather forecasting, importance of the analysis step,extrapolation, persistence and analogue schemes, methods to be used forforecasts of different ranges, numerical model output and forecastguidance to prepare forecast, global data processing scheme inmeteorology, adaptation of general forecasts to lower scale prediction.

Satellite ImageryOrbits, Different kinds of satellites, Characteristics of meteorologicalSatellites, Interpretation of satellite images and data.

Computer ScienceProgramming languages, algorithms and methods used in computersciences, software development.

Meteorological TelecommunicationsThe global telecommunication Systems, National meteorologicaltelecommunication networks.

Tropical MeteorologyEnergy budget of the earth, general wind circulation, Meteorologicalequator, Tropical disturbance and hurricanes.

GeographyMap marking, climatology and geography of climates, definitions andclassification, climatic area about numerical geographical informationsystems.

Laboratory exercisesAnalysis, Forecasting, Observations, Local climatology, climatology andcomputer techniques.



13 -Fundamentals of Electronics

SYLLABUS

.

The behaviour of passive components in DC and ACIntroduction to passive electronic components provides theparticipants with both a basic and practical understanding ofelectricity and electronics. The emphasis is an applicationsrather than theory. Consequently there is a strong hands-oncomponent to the subject to enable students to gain practicalexperience. Topics covered in the subject include:

o DC and AC circuitso Resistor in DC and AC circuits.o Resistor networkso Capacitor DC and AC circuits.o Coil DC and AC circuits.

Transformero Basic construction and schematic diagram of a real and

Ideal transformer.o Transformer applicationo Pulse transformerso Transformers for blocked oscillators

Course reference number: Special -13

Level: Special -level

Objective: Qualifying the participant in this course tocarry out minor maintenance of electricalsystems and all your knowledge of thefunctions of electronic components to repairits faults

Qualifications : Secondary school certificate (science or math)or MTj-08.

Duration: 2 weeks



Semiconductor electronic components

o Physics of the semiconductorso Characteristics of semiconductor deviceso Power supply topics include half-wave and full-wave rectifiers,

filtering, zener regulation.

Transistorso Transistor characteristicso Basic Transistor Circuitso Voltage divider polarizationo The transistor as a switcho The transistor as a regulator

Amplificationo Linear amplification of current, voltage and powero BJT amplifiers: EC, CC and BC configurationo Power amplifiers in class Ao Power amplifiers in class Bo Power amplifiers in class C

Operational Amplifiers

o Ideal operational amplifiero Main operational amplifier linear configurationso Inverting and Non- Inverting configurationo Differential amplifiero Integratoro Comparators, ramp and square wave generatorso Inverting Schmitt trigger

Power electronics components

o Typical problems relevant to power deviceso Power amplifier parameterso Classification of the output stageo Harmonic distortiono Heat dissipationo



14-Logic Circuits

Course Reference Number: Special -14

Level : Special - level

Objective: To improve the ability of the technicians with anexcellent educational tool, for the graduallearning of the basic theoretical principles ,verification of the practical progress, and testingthe practical knowledge of the participants inthe field of logic circuits.

ualification:Q Secondary school certificate (science or math) orMTj-08 or equivalent.

Duration: 2 weeks

SYLLABUS

Digital Systemso Combinational Logico The theorems of Boolean Algebrao The Karnaugh's mapo Logic Gates (AND, OR, NAND, NOR, NOT, XOR, XNOR)o Encoder and Decodero Multiplexer and Demultiplexero Sequential Logico Latcheso Flip-Flopso Counterso Shift registers

Memories

o Memory classificationo Terminology and main characteristicso Elementary memory cellso Structure and operating principleso ROM memoryo RAM memoryo Sequential memory



Conversions

o Digital-to-Analogue conversiono Analogue-to-Digital conversiono Voltage-to-Frequency conversion

Internet Lab.



15-Automatic Weather Observing Systems (AWOS)


:Level Special - level

Objective: To improve the ability of the technicians with anexcellent educational tool, for the graduallearning of the basic theoretical principles ,verification of the practical progress, and testingthe practical knowledge of the participants inthe field of automatic weather observingsystems.

Qualification: Secondary school certificate (science or math) orMTj-08 or equivalent.

Duration: 2 weeks

SYLLABUS

introductionIntroduction to the function of AWOS

Definitionso AWOS component

o system definitions

Transducers for Applications in meteorological phenomena

sensing

o Transducers for applications in temperature sensingo Transducers for applications in measurement of linear position and

forceo Transducers for applications in measurement of pressureo Transducers for rotational speed or applications for angular

position measurement



16-Microprocessor Operations


Level: Special -level

Objective: To improve the ability of the technicians with anexcellent educational tool, for the graduallearning of the basic theoretical principles ,verification of the practical progress, and testingthe practical knowledge of the participants inthe field of microprocessor operations.


Duration: 2 weeks

SYLLABUS

introductionIntroduction to Microprocessor techniques

Microprocessor Operationo Microprocessor internal structureo Addressing modeso Microprocessor instructionso Input/Output operationso Memory operationso Parallel and series buso Parallel interface programmingo Series interface programmingo A/D and D/A programming and interfacingo Interrupts



17-Digital Signal Communication


Level : Special -level

Objective: To improve the ability of the technicians with anexcellent educational tool, for the graduallearning of the basic theoretical principles ,verification of the practical progress, and testingthe practical knowledge of the participants inthe field of Digital Signal Communication.


Duration: 2 weeks

SYLLABUS

introductionIntroduction to digital signal communication fundamentals.

Digital Signal communicationo Delta modulation and demodulation process.o PWM and PPM modulation and demodulation process.o Analog signal impulsive modulation.o Relationship between sampling frequency and transmission band.o Sampling Theorem.o Time multiplexing and TDM signal transmission.o Problems of receivers synchronization; PAM decoding and

demultiplexing.o Numeric codification of signals.o Multiplexing for time divisions.o Numeric signals receiving.o Numeric/Analogic decodification.o Time demultiplexing.o TDM-PCM systems applications.o Transmission numeric systems behavior in present of attenuation

and noise

o



Digital Signal Transmissiono Study of the ASK, FSK and PSK.o Study of the base band transmission techniqueso Study of the following types of encoding: RZ, NRZ. Manchester,

Bi-phase and Dual binary.

Automatic Met. Stations Lab.



18-Meteorological Instrument CalibrationCourse Reference Number: Special -18


Objective: To improve the ability of the technicians with anexcellent educational tool, for the gradual learningof the basic theoretical principles , verification ofthe practical progress, and testing the practicalknowledge of the participants in the field ofMeteorological Instrument Calibration.


Duration: 2 weeks

SYLLABUSintroduction

Introduction to Calibration methods.

Calibration techniqueso Calibration of temperature instruments.o Calibration of humidity instruments.o Calibration of pressure instruments.

Met Instrument Calibration lab.



19-Satellite Communication System



Objective: This course covers the principal aspects of asatellite communication system. The topics arecovered at an introductory level, with emphasis onqualitative descriptions of the important concepts.The course is intended for participant who isinterested in learning about the fundamentals ofcommunication by satellite.


Duration: 2 weeks

SYLLABUS

introductionIntroduction to satellite communication system fundamentals.

The operation of receiving and transmitting satellite signals

o Study uplink and downlink satellite signals.o Study and analyze the digital baseband signals in a satellite link.o Study the energy dispersal of modulated signal.o Study the process of telecommunication and telemetry.o Study various analog and digital modulation parameters.o Measure the cross polarization discrimination for linear polarized

antennas.o Measure the discrimination of LHCP and RHCP antennas.o Measure the gain of a given antenna.o Measure noise parameters in the system and observe its effect.o Measure the C/N, S/N and threshold in given link.o Measure the path loss in a satellite link and observe its effect on

communication.o Measure propagation delay in a given satellite link and observe its

effect.o Measure fading of signal in a satellite link and observe its effect.o Setup active and passive satellite communication link.o Setup an analog FM – FDM satellite link.o Transmit and Receive analog and digital modulation parameters.



Logic & Microprocessor Lab.



20-MET. INSTRUMENTS TECHNICIANS

Course Reference Number: MTm-20

Level : Medium-level

Objective : To improve the ability of the technicians with anexcellent educational tool, for the gradual learningof the basic theoretical principles , verification ofthe practical progress, and testing the practicalknowledge of the participants in the field of Met.Instruments Technicians.

:Qualification MTj-08 or equivalent.

Duration : 8 weeks

SYLLABUS

introductionGeneral revision on Math. & Physics, Radiosonde sounding, Electricityand radio, oscillatory circuits, transmitters, receivers, modulation,amplifiers, power supply, wave propagation.

The behaviour of passive components in DC and AC

o DC and AC circuitso Resistor in DC and AC circuits.o Resistor networkso CapacitorDC and AC circuits.o Coil DC and AC circuits.

Transformero Basic construction and schematic diagram of a real and

Ideal transformer.o Transformer applicationo Pulse transformerso Transformers for blocked oscillators



Semiconductor electronic components

o Physics of the semiconductorso Characteristics of semiconductor deviceso Power supply topics include half-wave and full-wave rectifiers,

filtering, zener regulation.

Transistorso Transistor characteristicso Basic Transistor Circuitso Voltage divider polarizationo The transistor as a switcho The transistor as a regulator

Amplificationo Linear amplification of current, voltage and powero BJT amplifiers: EC, CC and BC configurationo Power amplifiers in class Ao Power amplifiers in class Bo Power amplifiers in class C

Operational Amplifiers

o Ideal operational amplifiero Main operational amplifier linear configurationso Inverting and Non- Inverting configurationo Differential amplifiero Integratoro Comparators, ramp and square wave generatorso Inverting Schmitt trigger

Power electronics components

o Typical problems relevant to power deviceso Power amplifier parameters

Digital Systemso Combinational Logico The theorems of Boolean Algebrao The Karnaugh's mapo Logic Gates (AND, OR, NAND, NOR, NOT, XOR, XNOR)



o Encoder and Decodero Multiplexer and Demultiplexero Sequential Logico Latcheso Flip-Flopso Counterso Shift registers

Microprocessor Operationo Microprocessor internal structureo Addressing modeso Microprocessor instructionso Input/Output operationso Memory operationso Parallel and series buso Parallel interface programmingo Series interface programmingo A/D and D/A programming and interfacingo Interrupts

Transducers for Applications in meteorological phenomena

sensing

o Transducers for applications in temperature sensingo Transducers for applications in measurement of linear position and

forceo Transducers for applications in measurement of pressureo Transducers for rotational speed or applications for angular

position measurement

Instruments maintenance- Repair and maintenance: electric and electronicpractices,

safety and security precautions.- Installation, repair and field tests for instruments.

Calibration techniqueso Calibration of temperature instruments.o Calibration of humidity instruments.o Calibration of pressure instruments.



21-AERONAUTICAL METEOROLOGY FOR PILOT ANDNAVIGATOR



Objective : To be able to use and interpret meteorologicalcodes and Satellite Images and understand thesituation.

Qualification : Secondary school certificate (science or math.)

Duration : 12 weeks

SYLLABUS

IntroductionGeneral revision of the atmospheric elements and structure.

General Met.Air temperature, atmospheric pressure and altimetry, Surface wind,Humidity, Clouds, Visibility, Fog, Vertical stability of the atmosphere, Airmasses and fronts.

ClimatologyGeneral circulation of the atmosphere, Climate of the Mediterranean basinand Route climatology.

Meteorological codesMETAR, SPECE, TAF, ARFOR, ROFOR, SIGMET, AIRMET,WARNING, SIGWX chart.

Chart AnalysisMeteorological station and upper air station, analysis and interpretation ofsurface and upper air weather chart.

Satellite Images InterpretationsFundamental ideas in Radiation transfer and satellite remote sensing,Types of meteorological satellite, Satellite characteristics, Disseminationof satellite imagery, Basic interpretation of VIS imagery, Basicinterpretation of IR imagery, Basic interpretation of WV imagery, Basic



interpretation of 3.7µ imagery, Cloud types, Cloud patterns. The Earth'ssurface and Atmospheric pollutants.Waves and fronts, Position of Jet-stream, types of cyclogenesis,ITCZ, cyclones and anticyclones.

hazardous phenomenaAircraft icing, turbulence, other hazardous phenomena, meteorologicalaspects of flight planning, definitions, procedures for meteorologicalservices for international air navigation, air traffic services, aerodromes,operation of aircraft, aeronautical information services, aeronauticaltelecommunications, WMO documentation and ICAO documentation.

Lobe of second flour In RTC/Cairo building



22- Climate Application on Agriculture and Water Resources

SYLLABUS

IntroductionGeneral revision of the main topics of relevance such as radiation andclimatology in course No. 100. Importance of weather and climate foragricultural production, national agrometeorological services functionsand aims Of the WMO commission for Agricultural Meteorology(CAgM).

Agrometeorological stations (1 week)-The importance of agricultural meteorology

- Agrometeorological station (component, exposure,..)- Instruments,-Steps of preparing the report of Agrometeorological weather

- -Practical training to preparing the report

CLIMATIC STATISTICS (1week)- Introduction in statistics for data analysis, statistical packages that usedin data analysis-Wind speed analysis- Analysis of extreme values

Course reference number : Mm-22


Objective : General revision of the main topics ofrelevance such as analysis of rainfall andSurface energy exchanges for issue ofevaporation report production from anymeteorology station and forecast of Nile flood

Qualifications : Mj-08 & 2 years Experience as aforecaster in any Forecasting Center .




Hydrological cycle (1 week)- Method for analysis of temperature and humidity data,

calculating and using water balance equations, includingestimates of radiation and evaporation from climatological datathrough empirical formula,.

- Water sources (Nile flood)- Rainfall data analysis

- Practical training to the topics using locality row data.

Biological measurement (phonology)- 1 week-Explain stages of crops development- Pests and diseases- Crop modeling

Laboratory and field exercises- Visiting to Agrometeorological station and Water RequirementsDepartment at Agriculture Research Center at GIZA, Egypt.



23- INSTRUMENTAL SPECIALIST

SYLLABUSElectronic

-General introduction to electronics to reached by the trainer to

maintain the instrument

Theoretical

-Basics of electricity

-Electric circuits

-Element of electronics

-Electronic and logic circuits

Practical

-Maintenance of electronic device

Communication

Satellite

Introduction-Study general Introduction to satellite communication systems.



Objective : Education, training and rehabilitation oftrainees to work in the maintenance and repaircost monitoring systems As well as thedevelopment of technical specifications of thedifferent systems

Qualifications : B.Sc. physics, Electronic , Communicationengineer or physic sciences .




Theoretical- Basics of satellite communication systems.-Types of satellite communication systems.-Basics components of operational satellite communication

systems.-Earth station of satellite communication System.-Space station of -satellite communication System.

Practical-Lab-MSG, HRPT, ODP, METOFACTORY which used in EMA

methodology.Fundamental networks

Network-Basic network concepts.-Network protocols & standers.-Network components.-TCP/IP fundamentals.-Sub netting & routing-TCP/IP utilities.-Wireless networking.-Implementing a network.-Maintaining & supporting a network.-Network security.-Troubleshooting the network.

Practical

-Labs-GTS, WIS which used in meteorology.

IT

Practical applications on the network maintenance

Programming and Database

My SQL

Instruments



Introduction-General introduction-Signal characteristic-Uncertainty analysis, error propagation, uncertainty quantification-Analog to digital, digital to analog conversion-Data acquisition systems

Surface instrumentsWind speedWind directionsTemperatureRelative humidityRainRVRPressure

Upper air radio sound and ground stationsRadio theodoliteGPSRadar

Research instrument measurementsOzone

SurfaceGlobal

Radiation

Pollution

Calibration labs

International Relations

ICAO

WMO

ITU

Market update

To identify and comparison between companies andmanufactures which specialist in meteorological instrumentsand satellite ground stations

Exam



NetworksommunicationC-24

Course Reference Number: MTm -24


Objective :To qualify the trainer to serveIn metrology communicationSystems (working & maintenance).

Qualification :B.Sc. Electronic or Communication engineer orEquivalent or 3 years in communicationengineering.

Duration : 6 Weeks

SYLLABUS

IntroductionTelecommunication types which used in metrology systems. Network

systems and topologyCommunication :

- Communication Milestones.- Major Types of communication systems.- Analog and digital communication systems.- Data transmitted.- The current industrial standard communication Sys.

Network :- Basic network concepts.- Network protocols & standers.- Network components.- TCP/IP fundamentals.- Sub netting & routing- TCP/IP utilities.- Wireless networking.- Implementing a network.- Maintaining & supporting a network.- Network security.



- Troubleshooting the network.

Practical :-Labs-GTS, WIS which used in metrology



Advanced telecommunication system in metrology-25

25-Special:Course Reference Number

level–special:Level

Objective :To qualify the trainer to serve In metrologycommunication Systems (working maintenance).

Qualification :B.Sc. Electronic or Communication engineer orEquivalent or 3 years in communication engineering.

Duration : 2 Weeks

SYLLABUSIntroduction

Telecommunication types which used in metrology systems. Network systems andtopology

:ommunicationC- Communication Milestones.- Major Types of communication systems.- Analog and digital communication systems.- Data transmitted.- The current industrial standard communication Sys.

:Network- Basic network concepts.- Network protocols & standers.- Network components.- TCP/IP fundamentals.- Wireless networking.- Maintaining & supporting a network.- Troubleshooting the network.

:racticalP-Labs

-GTS, WIS which used in metrology.

Egyptian Meteorological Authority

in cooperation with

the Arab Academy for Science Technology andMaritime Transport

Training Book - 69 - Dec -2014

Data Analysis In Meteorology and Oceanography

For Whom: For Meteorologists & Oceanographers and other related fields.

Course Description:

The course provides a basic introduction to the statistical methods commonly

applied in oceanography and meteorology. This includes descriptive statistic,

hypothesis testing, and probability distribution. The course will further contain

frequency analysis and filtering of time series, and methods for identifying spatial

coherences such as linear regression, correlation analysis, and empirical orthogonal

functions.

Course Objective:

By the completion of this course, the student should be able to:

1. Repair and systemize observational and modeled data for statistical analysis,

2. Compute and describe basic statistical properties,

3. Apply and understand regression and correlation analysis.

4. Perform hypothesis testing,

5. Obtain and interpret the spectrum for a time series,

6. Deduce the spatial structure of data,

7. Synthesize the result of analyzes in a scientific report.

Course Contents:

1. Data Acquisition and Recording,


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2. Data Processing & Data Presentation,

3. The Spatial Analyses of Data Fields,

4. Time-series Analysis Methods.

Course Duration: 5 working days.

Number of Participants: The minimum number of participants is 6.

Location: Course can be conducted at AAST&MT and EMA or at your firm.

Cost: Please contact us for a detailed quotation.

We understand that your company is unlike any other company, and that

your company has specialized demands regarding promoting your employees’

skills. Whenever you require customized theoretical and practical courses,

AAST&MT and EMA offers you this unique opportunity to design tailored training

courses that fulfill your needs by mutual agreement between us.


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Atmospheric & Ocean Modeling

For Whom: Training for Oceanographers & Meteorologists.

Course Description:

The numerical methods, formulation and parameterizations used in models

of the circulation of the atmosphere and ocean will be described in detail. Widely

used numerical methods will be the focus but we will also review emerging

concepts and new methods. The numeric underlying a hierarchy of models will be

discussed, ranging from simple GFD models to the high-end GCMs. In the context

of ocean GCMs, we will describe parameterization of geostrophic eddies, mixing

and the surface and bottom boundary layers. In the atmosphere, we will review

parameterizations of convection and large scale condensation, the planetary

boundary layer and radiative transfer.

Course Objective:

After completing this training, the learner should be able to do the following

things:

Course Contents:

1. The finite difference method

2. Spatial discretization and numerical dispersion

3. Series expansion methods

4. Time-stepping methods

5. Space-time discretization


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6. Discretization in more than one dimension

7. Shallow water dynamics and numerical dispersion

8. Barotropic models

9. Quasi-geostrophic equations

10.Quasi-geostrophic models

11.Eddy parameterization

12.The primitive equations

13.Vertical coordinates

14.Boundary layer parameterizations

15.Parameterizing geostrophic eddies

16.Overview and summary of GCM issues



Location: Course can be conducted in AAST&MT and EMA or in your company.








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Tides and Currents for Mariners


Course Description:

Ocean tides and currents profoundly impact coastal maritime operations.

Predicting and measuring tides and currents is important for things like getting

cargo ships safely into and out of ports, determining the extent of an oil spill,

building bridges and piers, determining the best fishing spots, emergency

preparedness, tsunami tracking, marsh restoration, and much more.

This training provides an introduction to the origin, characteristics, and

prediction of tides. After introducing common terminology, the training examines

the mechanisms that cause and modify tides, including both astronomical and

meteorological effects. A discussion of tide prediction techniques and products

concludes the module. This module includes rich graphics, audio narration,

embedded interactions, and a companion print version.

This training discusses the origin of ocean currents in both the open ocean

and in coastal areas. The training focuses on the driving mechanisms for currents,

along with influences that modify existing currents. Driving mechanisms include

wind, horizontal density differences, and tides, while modifying effects include

friction, bathymetry, and the Ekman spiral. The training concludes with a

demonstration of data products and a brief overview of forecast considerations.


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Course Objective:


things:

1. List and define terms used to describe tides.

2. List and define the forces that cause and modify tides.

3. Define tidal constituents.

4. Describe tidal datum and why it is important.

5. Ability to calculate tidal conditions

6. Identify the locations of the major and minor ocean currents and describe their

origin.

7. List the factors that cause ocean currents.

8. Describe how each factor influences ocean currents.

9. Characterize open-ocean currents in terms of temperature, volume (transport),

and speed.

10.Describe the origin of strong horizontal and vertical temperature, salinity, and

density gradients in both open Ocean and coastal ocean environments.

11.Describe the effects of friction, bathymetry, and Coriolis force on ocean currents

in both open Ocean and coastal ocean environments.

12.Explain the role of ocean currents in the global distribution of heat (i.e., the

earth's heat budget).

13.

Course Contents:


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17. Introduction.

18.Astronomical Tides: Earth-Moon System.

19.Other Astronomical Effects.

20.Actual Tidal Variability.

21.Tide Prediction Methods.

22.Nautical publications on tides and currents and information which can be

obtained via internet and email.

23.Open Ocean Currents.

24.Coastal Currents.

25.Measurement Techniques.











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17. Introduction.




















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Introduction to Observational Physical Oceanography

For Whom: This course is available to all Oceanographer & Meteorologists.

It is, as advertised, an introduction to physical oceanography that is intended for

students who have had little or no experience in ocean science.

Course Description:

Observational oceanography aims to study the status and the variability of

circulation and water masses in the ocean in an interdisciplinary context. To

understand the observed variability is a major prerequisite to explain the role of the

ocean in the global climate system. Physical conditions strongly influence life in

the ocean and consequently the CO2 cycle.

The observations include long-time series which allow detecting variations

on climatic time scales and well-focused process studies to understand the

interactions of fluctuations on different scales. The data are needed to validate and

improve models to predict future change.

This course is an introduction to the results and the methods of observational

physical oceanography, a very rapidly developing field. Rapid development is a

response to the pressing societal need to understand how the physical state of the

oceans might be changing as part of a changing Earth climate — are the oceans

warming? Is the ocean circulation slowing? Rapid development on these and

other questions is made possible by new technology, e.g., satellite measurement


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systems and autonomous floats and gliders that enable more efficient and more

comprehensive observation of the ocean.

Course Objective:

The broad goal of this course is to understand how the oceans contribute to

Earth’s climate and biosphere by storing and transporting properties and materials,

e.g., heat (energy) and nutrients. Four specific objectives are to:

1. Know (be able to interpret) the large-scale distributions of the ocean’s physical

properties, e.g., temperature, salinity and currents, and how these are observed.

2. Understand (be able to explain) the basic principles of ocean physics, e.g.,

equation of state of sea water, consequences of stratification, effects of Earth’s

rotation, transport by mean and fluctuating ocean currents.

3. Learn how to estimate ocean processes from the observations, e.g., meridional

heat transport by geostrophic and Ekman layer currents.

Course Contents:

1. An introduction to Physical Oceanography and to this course.

2. Temperature, salinity and density.

3. Air-Sea interaction.

4. Conservation equations and transport processes of the ocean circulation.

5. Momentum balances, geostrophic and the large scale circulation of the upper

ocean.

6. Wind-driven circulation.


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Basic Maritime Meteorology

For Whom: Training for able seamen upgrading to 3rd/2nd Mate.

Course Description:

The goal of this training course is to provide trainees with knowledge,

understanding and proficiency in Meteorology at the Operational Level for Officers

in Charge of a Navigational Watch. It provides students with knowledge of the

characteristics of various weather systems, reporting procedures and recording

systems and onboard meteorological instruments. Attendees will gain the ability to

apply the meteorological information available.

This course satisfies the following STCW95 training requirements: Table A-

II/1 of the STCW Code for Officer in Charge of a Navigational Watch on vessels of

500 or more gross tonnage

Course Objective:

By the end of this course the candidate should be able to:

1. Read weather maps and analyze the prevailing weather.

2. Understand the relationship between surface pressure, temperature and wind.

3. Forecast the weather expected in the near future.

4. Predict the movement of weather systems such as lows, TRS etc. so as to be

able to take avoiding action in proper time.

5. Route the vessel optimally utilizing data obtained from routing charts, Ocean

Passages of the World, weather facsimile charts and weather reports.


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6. Utilize the advice provided by Commercial Ocean routing services to best

advantage.

Course Contents:

1. Ship-borne Meteorological Instruments

2. The Atmosphere, its Composition and Physical Properties

3. Atmospheric Pressure

4. Wind

5. Cloud and Precipitation

6. Visibility

7. The Wind and Pressure Systems over the Oceans

8. Structure of Depressions

9. Anticyclones and other Pressure Systems

10.Weather Services for Shipping

11.Recording and Reporting Weather Observations

12.Weather Forecasting



Location: Course can be conducted in AAST&MT or in your company.



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We understand that your company is unlike any other company, and that yourcompany has specialized demands regarding promoting your employees’ skills.Whenever you require customized theoretical and practical courses, AAST&MTand EMA offers you this unique opportunity to design tailored training courses that


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Oil Spill Risks, Effects and Cleanup

For Whom: The course provides training to environmental officers from industry,

national government departments, harbor authorities/port operations, local,

municipal and regional authorities, non-governmental organizations, environmental

consultants, and others involved in ensuring healthy and productive marine

environment.

Course Description:

When oil is spilled into the sea it undergoes a number of physical and

chemical changes, some of which lead to its removal from the sea surface, whilst

others cause it to persist. Although spilled oil is eventually assimilated by the

marine environment, the time involved depends upon factors such as the amount of

oil spilled, its initial physical and chemical characteristics, the prevailing climatic

and sea conditions and whether the oil remains at sea or is washed ashore.

Course Objective:

After completing this training, the learner should be able to do the following:

1- Understanding of the processes involved and how they interact to alter the

nature, composition and behavior of oil with time is fundamental to all

aspects of oil spill response ,

2- Describing the combined effects of the various processes acting on spilled oil

and the implications for cleanup response,

3- Overview of different weathering processes,


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4- Obtain open knowledge about how to measure volume of oil spill,

5- Increasing the awareness for mitigating and minimizing the risks for oil spill

6- How do oil spill damage the environment?

Course Contents:

1. Lectures:

1.1. Oil spill terminology1.2. Properties of oil1.3. Potential pathways for oil to each bottom sediments1.4. Weathering process (Spreading, Evaporation, Dispersion, Dissolution,

Emulsification, oxidation, Sedimentation, and Biodegradation)1.5. Implications for clean-up and contingency planning1.6. Mechanical Recovery: Skimmers and Separators1.7. Prevention1.8. Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) mapping1.9. Estimating the volume of a spill1.10. Effects of oil spill on human health, navigation and wildlife

2. Practical Part:2.1. Differentiation between oil spills2.2. Calculation of specific gravity or relative density of oil2.3. Calculation of wind speed and current velocity to predict how oil drift2.4. Drawing wind, current, and wave rose by using WRPLOT program (Wind

rose program)

3. Computer Usage:3.1. Display properties of oil spill3.2. Display cleanup and recovery techniques


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AAST&MT offers you this unique opportunity to design tailored training courses

that fulfill your needs by mutual agreement between us.


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Marine Pollution





environment.

Course Description:

Marine environments are subject to increasing threats from pollution. A

failure to monitor the marine environment of the coastal zone and recognize and

deal with the effects of marine pollution result in negative impacts at all levels of

economic activity, from artisanal and subsistence uses of marine resources to

commercial fisheries, fish processing, aquaculture operations and tourism.

Pollution of marine environments is a global issue threatening the health and

productivity of the world's oceans. Such pollution arises from both land- and sea-

based activities, including storm water, sewage and industrial discharges, marine

litter, illegal dumping, oil spills, etc. In many cases, although national legislation

aimed at minimizing and mitigating marine pollution exists, there is a shortage of

capacity of training professionals to develop management and contingency plans,

and to implement these.

Course Objective:



in cooperation with



Marine Pollution





environment.

Course Description:













Course Objective:



in cooperation with



Marine Pollution





environment.

Course Description:













Course Objective:



in cooperation with



7- Can accurately define marine pollution and their sources and effects ,

8- Distinguish between point and non-point sources of pollution,

9- Obtain open knowledge about how to measure and analysis different marine

pollutants,

10- Increasing the awareness for mitigating and minimizing the risks for marine

pollution

11- What may result when marine pollution occurs?.

Course Contents:

4. Lectures:

4.1. Definition of marine pollution4.2. Pathways of marine pollution4.3. Types of marine pollution4.4. Sources of marine pollutants4.5. Point and non-point source pollution4.6. Impacts of marine pollution4.7. Cost of marine pollution4.8. Environmental low of marine pollutants4.9. Marine pollution convention4.10. Solutions of marine pollution4.11. Adaption and mitigation4.12. Case studies for marine polluted areas in Egypt

5. Practical Part:5.1. Determination of physical parameters of seawater5.2. Measuring of marine nutrients5.3. Analysis of organic pollutants5.4. Analysis of petroleum hydrocarbons


in cooperation with






pollutants,


pollution


Course Contents:

4. Lectures:




in cooperation with






pollutants,


pollution


Course Contents:

4. Lectures:




in cooperation with



5.5. Methodology for heavy metals5.6. Measuring of toxic metals

6. Computer Usage:6.1. Display different marine pollutants6.2. Case studies displaying











in cooperation with















in cooperation with















in cooperation with



Wave Analysis & Forecasting


Course Description:

An introduction to ocean surface waves, including: Dispersion relation,

group velocity, and ray tracing, Sources of wave energy, Wave measurement and

prediction, Tsunamis, Shoaling waves, breaking waves, Long-shore currents.

Course Objective:


things:

1- Define ocean waves & its characteristics,

2- Describe how the ocean waves generated,

3- Understand how the ocean waves are forecasted,

4- Describe the types of ocean models,

5- Analyze wave data.

Course Contents:

1- An Introduction to Ocean Waves,

2- Ocean Surface Winds,

3- Wave Generation and Decay,

4- Wave Forecasting by Manual Methods,

5- Introduction to Numerical Wave Modeling,


in cooperation with





Course Description:




Course Objective:


things:






Course Contents:







in cooperation with





Course Description:




Course Objective:


things:






Course Contents:







in cooperation with



6- Operational Wave Models,

7- Waves in Shallow Water,

8- Wave Data, Observed, Measured and Hindcast,

9- Wave Climate Statistics.











in cooperation with

















in cooperation with

















in cooperation with



Using GIS to safely and effectively navigate shipping movements

For Whom: Training for port administrators.

Course Description:

The use of the Geographic Information System (GIS) is vital for the

continual operation and maintenance of the harbor and to assist with any future

developments

Course Objective:


12- Can accurately direct all shipping movements,

13- Quick, up to date and straightforward interpretation of large amounts of

data,

14- Improved safety measures, mapping ship movements aids with the

compliance of Health & Safety Regulations,

15- Using GIS enables Port Operations to meet the specific need of their

customers,

16- More effective operations of the Port.

Course Contents:

7. Lectures:

7.1. Fundamentals of GIS7.2. GIS required functions7.3. Coordinate system and map projection


in cooperation with





Course Description:



developments

Course Objective:




data,




customers,


Course Contents:

7. Lectures:



in cooperation with





Course Description:



developments

Course Objective:




data,




customers,


Course Contents:

7. Lectures:



in cooperation with



7.4. Remote sensing and satellite imagery7.5. Data model (Vector data)7.6. Data model (Raster data)7.7. Topology data structures7.8. Topology data relationships7.9. Input geospatial data7.10. Required hardware and software7.11. GIS project

8. Practical Part:8.1. GIS as a multidisciplinary sciences8.2. Computer system for GIS8.3. Map design8.4. Map digitizing8.5. Map projection8.6. Satellite image analysis8.7. Satellite image classification8.8. Design of special data base8.9. Project

9. Computer Usage:9.1. Maps and map projection9.2. ARC View – for training on GIS functions9.3. ESRI software for image processing and classification





in cooperation with










in cooperation with










in cooperation with










in cooperation with










in cooperation with










in cooperation with



Fundamental Concepts of GISFor Whom: Individuals with no GIS background or experience who want to learn

the basic features of a GIS and a geographic approach to solving problems.

Course Description:

This course provides a foundation for understanding what a geographic

information system is and the possibilities it offers for discovering patterns,

relationships, and trends. You will learn how GIS maps are different from other

types of paper and digital maps, what makes the data used in a GIS unique, and

how to use GIS software to obtain information and create meaningful maps.

Course Objective:

After completing this training, the learner should be able to do the following things:

1. Describe components of GIS.

2. Explain GIS data models and spatial relationships.

3. Describe software environment (Open Source or any other) and demonstrate its

functionality.

4. Display geographic data on a GIS map.

5. Query a GIS database to gain information and locate features.

6. Understand different types of spatial relationships among real-world features.

7. Use analysis tools to create new data.

8. Apply a standard approach to solving geographic problems.


in cooperation with





Course Description:






Course Objective:





functionality.







in cooperation with





Course Description:






Course Objective:





functionality.







in cooperation with



Course Contents:

1. GIS Definition and Categories.

a. Geographic Information System.

b. GIS History.

2. Data in GIS.

a. Spatial and Attribute.

b. Geo-referencing Data.

c. Raster and Vector.

d. Layers of Data.

3. Querying a GIS database.

4. Integrating data with GIS.

Course Duration: 3 working days. A customized version of this generic training

extends up to 80 hours, which includes hands on case studies and a role-based

group project work.




Programs in GIS are tailored to meet industry needs. Modular in structure,

the pedagogical foundations of program content and delivery offer flexibility, and

hinge upon experiential learning through practice-driven case studies and project

work.


in cooperation with



Course Contents:



b. GIS History.

2. Data in GIS.




d. Layers of Data.





group project work.







work.


in cooperation with



Course Contents:



b. GIS History.

2. Data in GIS.




d. Layers of Data.





group project work.







work.


in cooperation with



The programs offered can be customized to meet specific client needs, and

are driven through Open Source GIS Software as well as standard industry

products.







in cooperation with





products.







in cooperation with





products.







in cooperation with



Introduction to Marine Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

For Whom: Training for Oceanographers.

Course Description:

This course is an intensive, hands-on tutorial in the use of Geographic

Information System software to assemble and analyze coastal and marine data for

environmental assessment, research or management purposes. Pre-course reading

assignments will provide the fundamental background information for the course,

but the heaviest emphasis is on the practical exercises themselves, instead of

theory.

Course Objective:


1. Basic concepts/definitions for Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

2. Vector and grid objects that can be mapped

3. Where to find desired m-ap objects online or from published digital

sources

4. Necessary conversions between native data formats and formats

required by GIS

5. Major collections of GIS data, and catalogs of collections

6. Making “base maps” from coastline and global relief data (vector or

gridded)


in cooperation with





Course Description:






theory.

Course Objective:





sources


required by GIS



gridded)


in cooperation with





Course Description:






theory.

Course Objective:





sources


required by GIS



gridded)


in cooperation with



7. Adding desired socio-economic, physical, and cultural features to base

maps

8. Adding polygons of named marine “regions” to maps, from published

sources

9. Adding vector arrow visualizations of winds and currents to GIS

collections

10.Finding and adding climatological data to maps:

a. Hydrosphere

b. Geosphere

c. Atmosphere

d. Biosphere

11.Finding and adding synoptic data to maps, when available

12.Methods to edit global data layers down to desired “area of interest”

polygons

13.Methods to create new, high resolution vector layers for coasts and

other important physical features

14.Methods to find an assimilate remote-sensing imagery into GIS

collections

15.Making “standard” products for publications and dissertations

16.Additional topics in operational oceanography, as time permit

17.Synthesis of ensemble GIS products into coherent PPT presentations

that meet marine community standards for legibility and

understandability


in cooperation with




maps


sources


collections


a. Hydrosphere

b. Geosphere

c. Atmosphere

d. Biosphere



polygons




collections





understandability


in cooperation with




maps


sources


collections


a. Hydrosphere

b. Geosphere

c. Atmosphere

d. Biosphere



polygons




collections





understandability


in cooperation with



Course Contents:

10.Lectures:

10.1. Fundamentals of GIS10.2. GIS required functions10.3. Coordinate system and map projection10.4. Remote sensing and satellite imagery10.5. Data model (Vector data)10.6. Data model (Raster data)10.7. Topology data structures10.8. Topology data relationships10.9. Input geospatial data10.10. Required hardware and software10.11. GIS project

11.Practical Part:11.1. GIS as a multidisciplinary sciences11.2. Computer system for GIS11.3. Map design11.4. Map digitizing11.5. Map projection11.6. Satellite image analysis11.7. Satellite image classification11.8. Design of special data base11.9. Project

12.Computer Usage:12.1. Maps and map projection12.2. ARC View – for training on GIS functions12.3. ESRI software for image processing and classification


in cooperation with



Course Contents:

10.Lectures:





in cooperation with



Course Contents:

10.Lectures:





in cooperation with










work.



products.







in cooperation with










work.



products.







in cooperation with










work.



products.







in cooperation with

the Arab Academy for Science Technology and

Maritime Transport

Training Book - 68 - May-2014



Course Description:






functions.

Course Objective:









Course Contents:


http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444507563500022


in cooperation with


Maritime Transport
















in cooperation with


Maritime Transport




Course Description:










Course Objective:


things:

Course Contents:







in cooperation with


Maritime Transport






10. Quasi-geostrophic models

11. Eddy parameterization

12. The primitive equations

13. Vertical coordinates

14. Boundary layer parameterizations

15. Parameterizing geostrophic eddies

16. Overview and summary of GCM issues











in cooperation with


Maritime Transport




Course Description:



















in cooperation with


Maritime Transport


Course Objective:


things:







origin.




and speed.

10. Describe the origin of strong horizontal and vertical temperature, salinity, and


11. Describe the effects of friction, bathymetry, and Coriolis force on ocean currents


12. Explain the role of ocean currents in the global distribution of heat (i.e., the


Course Contents:


in cooperation with


Maritime Transport


17. Introduction.

18. Astronomical Tides: Earth-Moon System.

19. Other Astronomical Effects.

20. Actual Tidal Variability.

21. Tide Prediction Methods.

22. Nautical publications on tides and currents and information which can be


23. Open Ocean Currents.

24. Coastal Currents.

25. Measurement Techniques.











in cooperation with


Maritime Transport






Course Description:

















in cooperation with


Maritime Transport




Course Objective:











Course Contents:






ocean.



in cooperation with


Maritime Transport












in cooperation with


Maritime Transport


Regional Climate Model (RCM)

For Whom: Meteorologists, Oceanographers & Operational weather forecasters.

Course Description:

Simulating climate change at the regional and national levels is essential for

policymaking. Only by assessing what the real impact will be on different countries

will it be possible to justify difficult social and economic policies to avert a

dangerous deterioration in the global climate. Furthermore, understanding

processes on the regional scale is a crucial part of global research.

Regional climate models are very important climate research tools available

to scientists from developing and developed countries. Modeling of regional

climate scales, and at time scales from months to decades, are of very importance,

and a key for climate change and Earth system science, for example, water

resources and anthropogenic climate change impacts. The complexity of

hydrological processes involved with climate change demands for an integrated

modeling framework. Regional Climate Modeling RCM's are the best framework

for hydrological studies. Bio-geophysical changes associated with land-cover and

land-use change can be studied by regional climate models. For example,

conversion of natural vegetation to croplands can increase or decrease temperature

depending on whether conversion occurs in tropical or temperate areas, and can

increase or decrease humidity depending on the type of natural vegetation replaced,


in cooperation with


Maritime Transport


and the type of crops established. Recent studies show considerable effect of

atmospheric chemistry and aerosols on climate on regional scale.

Course Objective:

1- To develop high quality globally applicable regional climate models

(RCMs).

2- To understand and demonstrate how to apply RCMs to derive regional

climate information.

3- To demonstrate the quality of RCMs and their applicability for studying

extreme events and projected changes in these.

4- To develop, evaluate and use systems to sample uncertainties in large scale

and downscaled climate variability, and change using available global and

regional climate model ensembles.

5- To make the RCMs technically and computationally easy to apply to any

region, and provide the necessary training and support to enable their

application by developing country scientists.

6- To understand and demonstrate, in collaboration with impacts researchers

and climate scenario developers, the applicability of RCMs to produce

regional climate (change) information.

Course Contents:

1- Introduction.

2- Downscaling methods.

3- The physical processes that regulate regional climates.


in cooperation with


Maritime Transport


4- Regional climate data from global climate model.

5- Land-Surface interaction and climate feedback.

6- Air quality-Climate and the aerosol feedback on regional Climate scale.

7- Climate change and seasonal prediction at the regional scale.

8- Biosphere-atmosphere interactions.

9- Climate impacts on agriculture, hydrology.

10- Increased details of regional climate model output.

11- Simulation of extreme weather events.

12- Simulation of cyclones and hurricanes.

13- Drought, flood monitoring using RCMs over arid & Semi-arid regions.

14- Climate change and seasonal prediction using RCMs.

15- Use of regional climate model output to drive other types of model.











in cooperation with


Maritime Transport



For Whom: Training for able seamen upgrading to 3rd

/2nd

Mate.

Course Description:










Course Objective:










in cooperation with


Maritime Transport



advantage.

Course Contents:




4. Wind


6. Visibility




10. Weather Services for Shipping

11. Recording and Reporting Weather Observations

12. Weather Forecasting






in cooperation with


Maritime Transport


We understand that your company is unlike any other company, and that your

company has specialized demands regarding promoting your employees’ skills.

Whenever you require customized theoretical and practical courses, AAST&MT

and EMA offers you this unique opportunity to design tailored training courses that


in cooperation with


Maritime Transport







environment.

Course Description:







Course Objective:









in cooperation with


Maritime Transport





Course Contents:

1. Lectures:

1.1. Oil spill terminology

1.2. Properties of oil

1.3. Potential pathways for oil to each bottom sediments

1.4. Weathering process (Spreading, Evaporation, Dispersion, Dissolution,

Emulsification, oxidation, Sedimentation, and Biodegradation)

1.5. Implications for clean-up and contingency planning

1.6. Mechanical Recovery: Skimmers and Separators

1.7. Prevention

1.8. Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) mapping

1.9. Estimating the volume of a spill

1.10. Effects of oil spill on human health, navigation and wildlife

2. Practical Part:

2.1. Differentiation between oil spills

2.2. Calculation of specific gravity or relative density of oil

2.3. Calculation of wind speed and current velocity to predict how oil drift

2.4. Drawing wind, current, and wave rose by using WRPLOT program (Wind

rose program)

3. Computer Usage:

3.1. Display properties of oil spill

3.2. Display cleanup and recovery techniques


in cooperation with


Maritime Transport












in cooperation with


Maritime Transport


Marine Pollution





environment.

Course Description:













Course Objective:



in cooperation with


Maritime Transport





pollutants,


pollution


Course Contents:

4. Lectures:

4.1. Definition of marine pollution

4.2. Pathways of marine pollution

4.3. Types of marine pollution

4.4. Sources of marine pollutants

4.5. Point and non-point source pollution

4.6. Impacts of marine pollution

4.7. Cost of marine pollution

4.8. Environmental low of marine pollutants

4.9. Marine pollution convention

4.10. Solutions of marine pollution

4.11. Adaption and mitigation

4.12. Case studies for marine polluted areas in Egypt

5. Practical Part:

5.1. Determination of physical parameters of seawater

5.2. Measuring of marine nutrients

5.3. Analysis of organic pollutants

5.4. Analysis of petroleum hydrocarbons


in cooperation with


Maritime Transport


5.5. Methodology for heavy metals

5.6. Measuring of toxic metals

6. Computer Usage:

6.1. Display different marine pollutants

6.2. Case studies displaying











in cooperation with


Maritime Transport




Course Description:




Course Objective:


things:






Course Contents:







in cooperation with


Maritime Transport
















in cooperation with


Maritime Transport




Course Description:



developments

Course Objective:




data,




customers,


Course Contents:

7. Lectures:

7.1. Fundamentals of GIS

7.2. GIS required functions

7.3. Coordinate system and map projection


in cooperation with


Maritime Transport


7.4. Remote sensing and satellite imagery

7.5. Data model (Vector data)

7.6. Data model (Raster data)

7.7. Topology data structures

7.8. Topology data relationships

7.9. Input geospatial data

7.10. Required hardware and software

7.11. GIS project

8. Practical Part:

8.1. GIS as a multidisciplinary sciences

8.2. Computer system for GIS

8.3. Map design

8.4. Map digitizing

8.5. Map projection

8.6. Satellite image analysis

8.7. Satellite image classification

8.8. Design of special data base

8.9. Project

9. Computer Usage:

9.1. Maps and map projection

9.2. ARC View – for training on GIS functions

9.3. ESRI software for image processing and classification





in cooperation with


Maritime Transport









in cooperation with


Maritime Transport


Fundamental Concepts of GIS

For Whom: Individuals with no GIS background or experience who want to learn


Course Description:






Course Objective:





functionality.







in cooperation with


Maritime Transport


Course Contents:



b. GIS History.

2. Data in GIS.




d. Layers of Data.





group project work.







work.


in cooperation with


Maritime Transport




products.







in cooperation with


Maritime Transport




Course Description:






theory.

Course Objective:





sources


required by GIS



gridded)


in cooperation with


Maritime Transport



maps


sources


collections

10. Finding and adding climatological data to maps:

a. Hydrosphere

b. Geosphere

c. Atmosphere

d. Biosphere

11. Finding and adding synoptic data to maps, when available

12. Methods to edit global data layers down to desired “area of interest”

polygons

13. Methods to create new, high resolution vector layers for coasts and


14. Methods to find an assimilate remote-sensing imagery into GIS

collections

15. Making “standard” products for publications and dissertations

16. Additional topics in operational oceanography, as time permit

17. Synthesis of ensemble GIS products into coherent PPT presentations


understandability


in cooperation with


Maritime Transport


Course Contents:

10. Lectures:











10.11. GIS project

11. Practical Part:



11.3. Map design

11.4. Map digitizing

11.5. Map projection




11.9. Project

12. Computer Usage:





in cooperation with


Maritime Transport









work.



products.







in cooperation with


Maritime Transport




Course Description:






functions.

Course Objective:









Course Contents:




in cooperation with


Maritime Transport
















in cooperation with


Maritime Transport




Course Description:










Course Objective:


things:

Course Contents:







in cooperation with


Maritime Transport






10. Quasi-geostrophic models

11. Eddy parameterization

12. The primitive equations

13. Vertical coordinates

14. Boundary layer parameterizations

15. Parameterizing geostrophic eddies

16. Overview and summary of GCM issues











in cooperation with


Maritime Transport




Course Description:



















in cooperation with


Maritime Transport


Course Objective:


things:







origin.




and speed.

10. Describe the origin of strong horizontal and vertical temperature, salinity, and


11. Describe the effects of friction, bathymetry, and Coriolis force on ocean currents


12. Explain the role of ocean currents in the global distribution of heat (i.e., the


Course Contents:


in cooperation with


Maritime Transport


17. Introduction.

18. Astronomical Tides: Earth-Moon System.

19. Other Astronomical Effects.

20. Actual Tidal Variability.

21. Tide Prediction Methods.

22. Nautical publications on tides and currents and information which can be


23. Open Ocean Currents.

24. Coastal Currents.

25. Measurement Techniques.











in cooperation with


Maritime Transport






Course Description:

















in cooperation with


Maritime Transport




Course Objective:











Course Contents:






ocean.



in cooperation with


Maritime Transport












in cooperation with


Maritime Transport


Regional Climate Model (RCM)

For Whom: Meteorologists, Oceanographers & Operational weather forecasters.

Course Description:

Simulating climate change at the regional and national levels is essential for

policymaking. Only by assessing what the real impact will be on different countries

will it be possible to justify difficult social and economic policies to avert a

dangerous deterioration in the global climate. Furthermore, understanding

processes on the regional scale is a crucial part of global research.

Regional climate models are very important climate research tools available

to scientists from developing and developed countries. Modeling of regional

climate scales, and at time scales from months to decades, are of very importance,

and a key for climate change and Earth system science, for example, water

resources and anthropogenic climate change impacts. The complexity of

hydrological processes involved with climate change demands for an integrated

modeling framework. Regional Climate Modeling RCM's are the best framework

for hydrological studies. Bio-geophysical changes associated with land-cover and

land-use change can be studied by regional climate models. For example,

conversion of natural vegetation to croplands can increase or decrease temperature

depending on whether conversion occurs in tropical or temperate areas, and can

increase or decrease humidity depending on the type of natural vegetation replaced,


in cooperation with


Maritime Transport


and the type of crops established. Recent studies show considerable effect of

atmospheric chemistry and aerosols on climate on regional scale.

Course Objective:

1- To develop high quality globally applicable regional climate models

(RCMs).

2- To understand and demonstrate how to apply RCMs to derive regional

climate information.

3- To demonstrate the quality of RCMs and their applicability for studying

extreme events and projected changes in these.

4- To develop, evaluate and use systems to sample uncertainties in large scale

and downscaled climate variability, and change using available global and

regional climate model ensembles.

5- To make the RCMs technically and computationally easy to apply to any

region, and provide the necessary training and support to enable their

application by developing country scientists.

6- To understand and demonstrate, in collaboration with impacts researchers

and climate scenario developers, the applicability of RCMs to produce

regional climate (change) information.

Course Contents:

1- Introduction.

2- Downscaling methods.

3- The physical processes that regulate regional climates.


in cooperation with


Maritime Transport


4- Regional climate data from global climate model.

5- Land-Surface interaction and climate feedback.

6- Air quality-Climate and the aerosol feedback on regional Climate scale.

7- Climate change and seasonal prediction at the regional scale.

8- Biosphere-atmosphere interactions.

9- Climate impacts on agriculture, hydrology.

10- Increased details of regional climate model output.

11- Simulation of extreme weather events.

12- Simulation of cyclones and hurricanes.

13- Drought, flood monitoring using RCMs over arid & Semi-arid regions.

14- Climate change and seasonal prediction using RCMs.

15- Use of regional climate model output to drive other types of model.











in cooperation with


Maritime Transport



For Whom: Training for able seamen upgrading to 3rd

/2nd

Mate.

Course Description:










Course Objective:










in cooperation with


Maritime Transport



advantage.

Course Contents:




4. Wind


6. Visibility




10. Weather Services for Shipping

11. Recording and Reporting Weather Observations

12. Weather Forecasting






in cooperation with


Maritime Transport


We understand that your company is unlike any other company, and that your

company has specialized demands regarding promoting your employees’ skills.

Whenever you require customized theoretical and practical courses, AAST&MT

and EMA offers you this unique opportunity to design tailored training courses that


in cooperation with


Maritime Transport







environment.

Course Description:







Course Objective:









in cooperation with


Maritime Transport





Course Contents:

1. Lectures:

1.1. Oil spill terminology

1.2. Properties of oil

1.3. Potential pathways for oil to each bottom sediments

1.4. Weathering process (Spreading, Evaporation, Dispersion, Dissolution,

Emulsification, oxidation, Sedimentation, and Biodegradation)

1.5. Implications for clean-up and contingency planning

1.6. Mechanical Recovery: Skimmers and Separators

1.7. Prevention

1.8. Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) mapping

1.9. Estimating the volume of a spill

1.10. Effects of oil spill on human health, navigation and wildlife

2. Practical Part:

2.1. Differentiation between oil spills

2.2. Calculation of specific gravity or relative density of oil

2.3. Calculation of wind speed and current velocity to predict how oil drift

2.4. Drawing wind, current, and wave rose by using WRPLOT program (Wind

rose program)

3. Computer Usage:

3.1. Display properties of oil spill

3.2. Display cleanup and recovery techniques


in cooperation with


Maritime Transport












in cooperation with


Maritime Transport


Marine Pollution





environment.

Course Description:













Course Objective:



in cooperation with


Maritime Transport





pollutants,


pollution


Course Contents:

4. Lectures:

4.1. Definition of marine pollution

4.2. Pathways of marine pollution

4.3. Types of marine pollution

4.4. Sources of marine pollutants

4.5. Point and non-point source pollution

4.6. Impacts of marine pollution

4.7. Cost of marine pollution

4.8. Environmental low of marine pollutants

4.9. Marine pollution convention

4.10. Solutions of marine pollution

4.11. Adaption and mitigation

4.12. Case studies for marine polluted areas in Egypt

5. Practical Part:

5.1. Determination of physical parameters of seawater

5.2. Measuring of marine nutrients

5.3. Analysis of organic pollutants

5.4. Analysis of petroleum hydrocarbons


in cooperation with


Maritime Transport


5.5. Methodology for heavy metals

5.6. Measuring of toxic metals

6. Computer Usage:

6.1. Display different marine pollutants

6.2. Case studies displaying











in cooperation with


Maritime Transport




Course Description:




Course Objective:


things:






Course Contents:







in cooperation with


Maritime Transport
















in cooperation with


Maritime Transport




Course Description:



developments

Course Objective:




data,




customers,


Course Contents:

7. Lectures:





in cooperation with


Maritime Transport









7.11. GIS project

8. Practical Part:



8.3. Map design

8.4. Map digitizing

8.5. Map projection




8.9. Project

9. Computer Usage:








in cooperation with


Maritime Transport









in cooperation with


Maritime Transport


Fundamental Concepts of GIS

For Whom: Individuals with no GIS background or experience who want to learn


Course Description:






Course Objective:





functionality.







in cooperation with


Maritime Transport


Course Contents:



b. GIS History.

2. Data in GIS.




d. Layers of Data.





group project work.







work.


in cooperation with


Maritime Transport




products.







in cooperation with


Maritime Transport




Course Description:






theory.

Course Objective:





sources


required by GIS



gridded)


in cooperation with


Maritime Transport



maps


sources


collections

10. Finding and adding climatological data to maps:

a. Hydrosphere

b. Geosphere

c. Atmosphere

d. Biosphere

11. Finding and adding synoptic data to maps, when available

12. Methods to edit global data layers down to desired “area of interest”

polygons

13. Methods to create new, high resolution vector layers for coasts and


14. Methods to find an assimilate remote-sensing imagery into GIS

collections

15. Making “standard” products for publications and dissertations

16. Additional topics in operational oceanography, as time permit

17. Synthesis of ensemble GIS products into coherent PPT presentations


understandability


in cooperation with


Maritime Transport


Course Contents:

10. Lectures:











10.11. GIS project

11. Practical Part:



11.3. Map design

11.4. Map digitizing

11.5. Map projection




11.9. Project

12. Computer Usage:





in cooperation with


Maritime Transport









work.



products.






Documents

Part 1 - World Meteorological Organization Extranet · Upper Air radio theodolite 8. Claysys 9. Data collection system 10. ... Outline the scientific and ... structure and functions