Part 2 Basic Knowledge of UNIX

8/6/2019 Part 2 Basic Knowledge of UNIX

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Integration departmentIntegration departmentIntegration departmentIntegration department

ISSUEISSUE 1.21.2

UNIX FundamentalsUNIX FundamentalsUNIX FundamentalsUNIX Fundamentals


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Confidential Information of Huawei.No Spreading without Permission. Security Level: Internal

Course ContentsCourse Contents

UNIX Brief introduction

UNIX Basic operationcommands


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UNIXIntroductionUNIXIntroduction

Content Content

UNIX Versions and Standards UNIX Versions and Standards UNIX Features UNIX Features

UNIX Structure UNIX Structure

UNIX Users UNIX Users

UNIX Shell UNIX Shell

UNIX File System UNIX File System


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UNIX versions and standards UNIX versions and standards

BSD UNIX

UNIX System V



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UNIX Features UNIX Features

Multi-task Multi-task

Multi-user Multi-user

Pipes Pipes

High-capability Shell High-capability Shell

Security Security Stability Stability

Graphic user interface Graphic user interface

Network support Network support



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Hardware System Hardware System

UNIX Kernel UNIX Kernel

Unix Shell

Unix Shell

Application Program Application Program

UNIX Structure UNIX Structure

kernelkernel

shellshell

applicationapplication

kernelkernel

hardwarehardware



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UNIX Users UNIX Users

Ordinary User

Group

Super User(root)



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UNIX Shell Program UNIX Shell Program

ShellType

main featuresrevi

ationcomm

andPromp

t

ourneShell

riginal most popular Provided y every UNIX is the ase of three Shellprograms.

Shell sh $

ornShell

e tensions of Shell compati le with Shell.

Shell sh $

C-Shell

nalogous to Clanguage morecapa ility than Shell the most powerful Shellprogram.

C Shell csh %



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UNIX file system UNIX file system

ree Structure ree Structure

Root File System Root File System

User Home Directory

User Home Directory

/

bin dev etc home1 var cdrom

sh csh is dsk tty01 Rc2.d omc sybase tmp

S98sybserver

bin data install bin



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UNIX is a multi-user, multi-task operatingsystem.

UNIX system consists of hardware, Kernel,

Shell and application program.

he user sends commands to Kernel throughshell.

UNIX file system has tree structure.

UNIX is a multi-user, multi-task operatingsystem.

UNIX system consists of hardware, Kernel,

Shell and application program.

he user sends commands to Kernel throughshell.

UNIX file system has tree structure.

Summary Summary



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Course ContentsCourse Contents

UNIX Brief introduction

UNIX Basic operationcommands


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Unix OperationUnix Operation

UNIX Basic Operation UNIX Basic Operation

Directory Operation Commands Directory Operation Commands

File Navigation Commands File Navigation Commands

File Management Commands File Management Commands

Pipe Commands Pipe Commands

System Resources Commands System Resources Commands

Network Operation Commands Network Operation Commands

vi Common Commands vi Common Commands

System Maintenance Commands System Maintenance Commands


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UNIX Basic OperationUNIX Basic Operation

UNIX Login and Exit UNIX Login and Exit

UNIX Switch User UNIX Switch User

Use of UNIX Command Line Use of UNIX Command Line

Use ofControl Key Use ofControl Key

Clear Screen Clear Screen UNIX on line Help UNIX on line Help

UNIX Restart and Close UNIX Restart and Close

Content Content


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Log in Unix system Login password

Exit Unix System

exit



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command line structure command [options] [parameters].

here is a blank between them.

Capital and small letters are different in UNIX

commands.

If many parameters are usedthey can be linedup

command -[option1][option2][option3][ ...]

Command Line Command Line



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Control Keys Control Keys

Command unctionControl-C Stop running the program

a normally

Control- Stop the system communication

Control-S To tell the terminal to stop

accepting input

Control-Q To tell the terminal to acceptinput



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clear

Clear command Clear command



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System help System help

man find



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UNIX system restart UNIX system restart

# reboot

UNIX system shutdown UNIX system shutdown

# shutdown hy 0



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UNIX OperationUNIX Operation

Directory operation commands Directory operation commands

pwd: display current directory

cd: change a directory

ls: list directory contents

mkdir: make a directory rmdir: remove a directory

pwd: display current directory

cd: change a directory

ls: list directory contents

mkdir: make a directory rmdir: remove a directory


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Absolute path and relative path Absolute path and relative path

Absolute path is based on root. Directories are

separated by solidus / . Example/home1/omc/data/license.dat

Relative path is based on current directory.

. represents current directory.

.. represents parent directory of current directory.

Example: the current directory is /home1/omc, iflicense.dat is under the directory /home1/ omc/

data, the relative path for this file is ./data/

license.dat

Absolute path is based on root. Directories are

separated by solidus / . Example/home1/omc/data/license.dat

Relative path is based on current directory.

. represents current directory.

.. represents parent directory of current directory.

Example: the current directory is /home1/omc, iflicense.dat is under the directory /home1/ omc/

data, the relative path for this file is ./data/

license.dat



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pwd: display current directory pwd: display current directory

Directory Operation Command Directory Operation Command

/

in li home dev etc

mydir

su su su

other



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cd: change current directory

Format: cd [path]

[path]:Absolute,relative path

cd: change current directory

Format: cd [path]

[path]:Absolute,relative path

return to user main directory: cd

enter system root directorycd / enter parent directorycd ..

enter the second hierarchical

directorycd ../..

return to user main directory: cd

enter system root directorycd / enter parent directorycd ..

enter the second hierarchical

directorycd ../..curdir

lastdir




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ls: list directory content

Format: ls [option] [path] [path]: absolute or relative path

ls: list directory content

Format: ls [option] [path] [path]: absolute or relative path

[option]:

-l:list file features

-a:list all files, including hidden

files that begin with a dot (.)

-s: display file block number

[option]:

-l:list file features

-a:list all files, including hidden

files that begin with a dot (.)

-s: display file block number




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mkdir: make a directory

Format: mkdir [path]

[path]absolute or relative path

mkdir: make a directory

Format: mkdir [path]


newdir




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rmdir: remove a directory

Format: rmdir [path]


rmdir: remove a directory

Format: rmdir [path]


olddir




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File Navigation Command File Navigation Command

cat: list a file

more:page through a text file

head:display file head

tail:display file tail

cat: list a file

more:page through a text file

head:display file head

tail:display file tail



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cat:list a file format:cat [option] [path][[path]

] [path]absolute or relative path [option]

-ndisplay new line including blanklines-bdisplay new line not including blanklines

cat:list a file format:cat [option] [path][[path]

] [path]absolute or relative path [option]

-ndisplay new line including blanklines-bdisplay new line not including blanklines




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more: page through a text file

format: more [path]

[path]: absolute or relative path

more: page through a text file

format: more [path]





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head:display the first 10 lines of the file

format:head [option] [path]


[option]:-n: n represents the first n lines

head:display the first 10 lines of the file

format:head [option] [path]


[option]:-n: n represents the first n lines




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tail:display the last 10 lines of the file

format:tail [option] [path]


[option]

-nn represents the last n lines

tail:display the last 10 lines of the file

format:tail [option] [path]


[option]

-nn represents the last n lines




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File Management Command File Management Command

cp: copy a file mv: move a file

rm: remove a file

find: look for a file

chmod: change a file or directory accesspermissions

chown: change the ownership of a file

chgrp: change the group of a file

cp: copy a file mv: move a file

rm: remove a file

find: look for a file

chmod: change a file or directory accesspermissions

chown: change the ownership of a file

chgrp: change the group of a file



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cp: copy a file

format: cp


cp: copy a file

format: cp



From

To



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mvmove a file or rename a file

format: mv


mvmove a file or rename a file

format: mv


From

To




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rmremove a file

format: rm [options] [path]absolute or relative path

[options]

-iinteractive operation

-rrecursively copy a directory

-fclose interactive operation

rmremove a file

format: rm [options] [path]absolute or relative path

[options]

-iinteractive operation

-rrecursively copy a directory

-fclose interactive operation




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difference between rm -r and rmdir

rmdirremove a directory which should be

empty

rm -r

remove the directory and its contents

difference between rm -r and rmdir

rmdirremove a directory which should be

empty

rm -r

remove the directory and its contents




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techniques of using find command

1run

Example find . -name test -print>abc.file&

cat abc.file

2search under root directory by superuser

techniques of using find command

1run

Example find . -name test -print>abc.file&

cat abc.file

2search under root directory by superuser




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File Management Command

File Management Command


$ ls -l sort

-rwxr-x--x 1 myname mygroup 120 Jul 26 10:20 sort

other

group

owner

file type

- An ordinary file

b A block file

c A character file

l A link

d A directory

owner group


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File Management Command-chmod

File Management Command-chmod


$ ls -l sort


$ chmod 770 sort

$ ls -l sort

-rwxrwx--- 1 myname mygroup 120 Jul 26 10:20 sort

$ chmod g-w,o+x sort

$ ls -l sort


$ chmod u=rw,g=wx,o=rwx sort

$ ls -l sort

-rw--wxrwx 1 myname mygroup 120 Jul 26 10:20 sort

rwxr-x--x111101001

7 5 1


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chown:change file owner

format:chown [option] user[:user group]

filename

Example:

# chown new-owner filename

Notice:change file owner only under super

user

chown:change file owner

format:chown [option] user[:user group]

filename

Example:

# chown new-owner filename

Notice:change file owner only under super

user




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chgrpchange the group of the file

format: chgrp [option] user_group filename

Example#chgrp new_group filename

Notice

1. he group name should exist before

changing file group name2. After changing file featuresits sub

directory and file features don't be changed

chgrpchange the group of the file

format: chgrp [option] user_group filename

Example#chgrp new_group filename

Notice

1. he group name should exist before

changing file group name2. After changing file featuresits sub

directory and file features don't be changed




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Pipe Command Pipe Command

file redirection

grep: search string



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symbol redirection fuction

> output redirection

>> add output

| pipe operation

< input redirection

file redirection file redirection

Pipe Command Pipe Command



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system resources command system resources command

who:display all login users date:display and set system time

df, du:display disk status

whereisreport the place of command

hostname:display host name

ifconfigcheck host IP

who:display all login users date:display and set system time

df, du:display disk status

whereisreport the place of command

hostname:display host name

ifconfigcheck host IP



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who: display current all login users


format: who



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Date:display and set current system time


format:date [mmddhhmmyy[.ss]]



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common optiondf [options] [resource]

[options]

-l local file system-k report disk space by unit "k"

common optiondf [options] [resource]

[options]

-l local file system-k report disk space by unit "k"

dfreport disk remained space dfreport disk remained space

system resource command system resource command



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whereis reports the place of command whereis reports the place of command

usagewhereis [option]

[command]




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usagehostname

[hostname]

hostnamereports or sets hostname

hostnamereports or sets hostname




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ifconfigshow the IP

address of the host

$ ifconfig -a




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network operation command network operation command

ping:network test

telnet:remote access

ftp:transfers file



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ping:tests the physicalstate of the network


format: ping



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telnet:remote access theUNIX system


format: telnet



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ftp:transfers file ftp:transfers file

ftp




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ftpcommands

e planation

or help[command]

help

inarytransfer file y inary

mode

asciitransfer file y SCII

mode default value

cd[directory]

change remote directory

lcd[directory]

change local directory

put file[file ]

copy local file toremote file

ftp

commands

e planation

get file[file ]

copy remote file tolocal file

mput filescopy many local files

to remote

mget filescopy many remote

files to local

closeclose remoteconnection

quit orye

e it ftp

F P useful commands F P useful commands




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vi useful commands vi useful commands vi start: vi filename vi start: vi filename

two modestext mode and command mode two modestext mode and command mode

text insert commanda, A, I, i, o or O text insert commanda, A, I, i, o or O

cursor move commandh, j, k, l cursor move commandh, j, k, l

text remove commandx, dd text remove commandx, dd

exit with saving:wq exit with saving:wq

exit without saving :q! exit without saving :q!


Commonly used command in vi: Commonly used command in vi:

the ESC

key is used to change the text mode tocommand mode

the ESC

key is used to change the text mode tocommand mode


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UNIX Maintenance Command UNIX Maintenance Command

user management command

process management command

system backup command

user management command

process management command

system backup command



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User Management Commands User Management Commands

command line command line

useradd: add user account useradd: add user account

userdel: delete user account userdel: delete user account

groupadd: add user group groupadd: add user group

groupdel: delete user group groupdel: delete user group

admintool admintool

graphic graphic



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kill: clear process kill: clear process

format:kill [options] process id

[options]

-l: list all useful kill command signals

-s: send fixed signal to a process

example: -9 means killing the process forcibly.

format:kill [options] process id

[options]

-l: list all useful kill command signals

-s: send fixed signal to a process

example: -9 means killing the process forcibly.

Process Management Command Process Management Command



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System Backup Command System Backup Command

tar:system backup command tar:system backup command

tar [options [modifier]] file [options]

xread

cmake a new database

vstart display mode

fmeans file database is file.

tar [options [modifier]] file [options]

xread

cmake a new database

vstart display mode

fmeans file database is file.



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UNIX OperationUNIX Operation TarTarUNIX OperationUNIX Operation TarTar

1Save archive file to tape

# tar cvf /dev/rmt /0m /var

2Save archive file to a regular file

# tar cvf data.tar /app/mydata

3List the content of the archive file

# tar tvf data.tar

4extract the archive file

# tar xvf data.tar


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UNIX OperationUNIX Operation CronCronUNIX OperationUNIX Operation CronCron

# crontab -e create a crontab file

# crontab -l list crontab file

# crontab -r delete crontab file


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UNIX OperationUNIX Operation Cron FileCron FileUNIX OperationUNIX Operation Cron FileCron File

min hour date month day command

0-59 0-23 1-31 1-12 0-6

0 * * * * /usr/bin/date >/dev/console

30 0 1,15 * 0 > /var/adm/wtmp0 0 * * 1-5 /usr/bin/rm /home/usr/logfile

0 20 * * 1 /myusr/test.sh >/dev/null


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Part 2 Basic Knowledge of UNIX