PART 3 Leukocytes 5,000-9,000/ mm3 Leukocytes: (role of CSF: colony stimulating hormone) How WBC are formed: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tDTLC2swhlQ&feature=related

types of WBCs:

Some important characteristics of White Blood Cells (particularly neutrophils):

1 - phagocytic 2 - capable of diapedesis (also called extravasation) 3 - capable of ameboid movement 4 - exhibit chemotaxis (attracted to certain chemicals, such as those released by damaged cells)

Blood Cell Identification Table. Adapted From: Blood Cells - An Aid to Identification

http://www.depts.ttu.edu/liru_afs/staff/jdailey/jwdblood.htm

Lymphocyte Neutrophil Monocyte Eosinophil Basophil

Lymphocyte features to be aware of: Small : 20-25% of leukocytes diameter 6-8 µm nucleus spheroid or ovoid chromatin in dense lumps cytoplasm scarce and stained pale blue, dk purple nucleus: Medium : 1.5-2.0% of leukocytes diameter 8-12 µm chromatin less dense more cytoplasm & tend to surround more of nucleus

Neutrophil features to be aware of: Polymorph: 60-70% of leukocytes diameter 10-12 µm nucleus 2-8 lobes chromatin in dense coarse lumps cytoplasm is acidophilic with neutrophilic granules 'drumstick' on lobe in 3% of neutrophils in females Band Neutrophil: 1-2% of neutrophils horse-shoe shaped nucleus cytoplasm has granules pink cytoplasm/purple nucleus multi lobed:

Monocyte: 3-8% of leukocytes largest leukocyte (20 µm) nucleus indented and pale cytoplasm abundant and basophilic, non-uniform (foamy) appearance cytoplasm may contain a few fine azurophilic granules dk purple nucleus

Eosinophil: up to 5% of leukocytes diameter 12-15 µm nucleus less lobed, usually only bilobed chromatin clumped but not as dense as in neutrophil cytoplasm filled with numerous large eosinophilic (acidophilic) granules which stain pale-pink. red cytoplasm/blue nucleus E

Basophil: less than 1% of leukocytes diameter 14 µm nucleus large and bilobed chromatin is more finely textured so nucleus is more pale staining cytoplasm filled with large dark-blue staining granules (basophilic) which may obscure nucleus (Blackberry appearance) blue cytoplasm/dk blue nucleus U

From: Haematology identification aid - Version 1.0: Authors: Mike Mahon / Mike Cunningham Further details: CAL Laboratory, University of Manchester

Agranulocytes: http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/301notes4.htm Monocytes : Lymphocytes: Granulocytes Eosinophils See diagram on Mast Cell Activation: http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/301notes4.htm

Basophils http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/301notes4.htm

Neutrophils: : phagocytosis (bacteria & cellular debris); very important in inflammation

DISORDERS OF WBC: Leukocytosis Leukopenia Differential WBC Count

1. To make a differential white blood cell count; 100 WBCs are counted and classified according to type. Such a count is routine in a physical examination and in sickness, because any abnormality or significant elevation in the normal percentages of the specific types of WBCs may indicate the possible source of pathology.

2. Begin at the edge of the area and move the slide in a systematic manner on the microscope stage---either up and down or from side to side (see diagram on the board)

3. Record each type of white blood cell you observe by making a tick mark until you have observed and recorded a total of 100 WBCs. Determine the percentage of each (number observed divided by 100) of each type of white blood cell. Write on the 3 x 5 card.

How to make a blood Slide: http://academic.kellogg.edu/herbrandsonc/bio201_mckinley/f21-3_preparing_a_blood_c.jpg