57
CON - 1 December 2014 SUMMARY TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword ................................................. i Preface ................................................. iii Table of Abbreviations ................................... vi Abbreviated Table of Contents ...................... CON - 1 Detailed Table of Contents ......................... CON - 9 Supplemental Table of Cases ........................ STC - 1 Table of Cases ....................................... TC - 1 Table of Statutes .................................... TS - 1 Table of Rules ...................................... TR - 1 Table of Regulations ............................... REG - 1 PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION CHAPTER 1 JURISDICTION TO GRANT PREROGATIVE REMEDIES, DECLARATIONS AND INJUNCTIONS 1:1000 INTRODUCTION ............................ 1 - 1 1:2000 CERTIORARI AND PROHIBITION ............. 1 - 6 1:3000 MANDAMUS ............................... 1 - 35 1:4000 QUO WARRANTO ........................... 1 - 53 1:5000 HABEAS CORPUS ........................... 1 - 57 1:6000 DECLARATIONS AND INJUNCTIONS: AN INTRODUCTION ........................... 1 - 63

PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    3

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

CON - 1 December 2014

SUMMARY TABLE OF CONTENTS

Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii

Table of Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi

Abbreviated Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CON - 1

Detailed Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CON - 9

Supplemental Table of Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . STC - 1

Table of Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TC - 1

Table of Statutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TS - 1

Table of Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TR - 1

Table of Regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . REG - 1

PART IJUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION

CHAPTER 1

JURISDICTION TO GRANT PREROGATIVE REMEDIES,DECLARATIONS AND INJUNCTIONS

1:1000 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 1 1:2000 CERTIORARI AND PROHIBITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 6 1:3000 MANDAMUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 351:4000 QUO WARRANTO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 531:5000 HABEAS CORPUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 571:6000 DECLARATIONS AND INJUNCTIONS: AN

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 63

Page 2: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 2 December 2014

1:7000 DECLARATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 671:8000 INJUNCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 78

CHAPTER 2

THE APPLICATION FOR JUDICIAL REVIEW

2:1000 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 1 2:2000 THE BRITISH COLUMBIA AND ONTARIO

JUDICIAL REVIEW PROCEDURE ACTS . . . . . . 2 - 2 2:3000 PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND’S JUDICIAL

REVIEW ACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 372:4000 FEDERAL COURTS ACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 41

CHAPTER 3

DISCRETIONARY BARS TO JUDICIAL REVIEW

3:1000 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 1 3:2000 ADEQUATE ALTERNATIVE REMEDIES . . . . . . . 3 - 6 3:3000 MOOTNESS, LACK OF UTILITY AND JUSTICIABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 493:4000 PREMATURITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 613:5000 DELAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 723:6000 WAIVER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 793:7000 OTHER DISQUALIFYING CONDUCT . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 713:8000 TECHNICAL DEFECTS AND NON-MATERIAL

ERRORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 853:9000 BALANCE OF CONVENIENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 89

Page 3: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 3 December 2014

PART IIJUDICIAL REVIEW PROCEDURE

CHAPTER 4

PARTIES TO A JUDICIAL REVIEW PROCEEDING

4:1000 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 1 4:2000 CAPACITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 2 4:3000 STANDING TO SEEK JUDICIAL REVIEW . . . . . . 4 - 9 4:4000 RESPONDENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 56 4:5000 INTERVENORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 70

CHAPTER 5

COMMENCEMENT OF JUDICIALREVIEW PROCEEDINGS

5:0000 OVERVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 1 5:1000 LIMITATION PERIODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 6 5:2000 THE NATURE OF THE RELIEF SOUGHT . . . . . . 5 - 25 5:3000 COMMENCEMENT OF PROCEEDINGS IN

ONTARIO, MANITOBA AND PEI . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 57 5:4000 PETITIONS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA AND THE YUKON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 79 5:5000 ALBERTA AND THE NORTHWEST

TERRITORIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 83 5:6000 SASKATCHEWAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 88 5:7000 NEW BRUNSWICK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 91 5:8000 NOVA SCOTIA AND NEWFOUNDLAND . . . . . . . 5 - 94 5:9000 JUDICIAL REVIEW IN THE FEDERAL COURT . 5 - 100

Page 4: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 4 December 2014

CHAPTER 6

INTERLOCUTORY PROCEEDINGS,PERFECTION AND ORDERS

6:1000 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 1 6:2000 STAY OF PROCEEDINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 2 6:3000 OTHER INTERIM RELIEF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 35 6:4000 MOTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 38 6:5000 EVIDENCE IN JUDICIAL REVIEW

PROCEEDINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 52 6:6000 THE APPLICATION RECORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 87 6:7000 THE FACTUM, BRIEF, OR MEMORANDUM OF

FACT AND LAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 1006:8000 FORM OF THE COURT ORDER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 113

PART IIIREVIEW OF ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE

CHAPTER 7

THE DUTY OF FAIRNESS:ITS SCOPE AND CONTENT

7:1000 OVERVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 1 7:2000 THE SCOPE OF THE DUTY OF FAIRNESS . . . . . 7 - 28 7:3000 PROCEDURAL FAIRNESS: CONTENT AND

CONTEXT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 74

CHAPTER 8

STATUTORY AND CONSTITUTIONALPROCEDURAL REQUIREMENTS

8:1000 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 1 8:2000 STATUTORY PROCEDURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 2

Page 5: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 5 December 2014

8:3000 ALBERTA’S ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES ACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 4

8:3500 BRITISH COLUMBIA’S ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNALS ACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 5

8:4000 ONTARIO’S STATUTORY POWERS PROCEDURE ACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 8

8:5000 THE PUBLIC INQUIRIES ACTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 26 8:6000 CANADIAN BILL OF RIGHTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 29 8:7000 CANADIAN CHARTER OF RIGHTS AND

FREEDOMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 34

CHAPTER 9

PRE-HEARING PARTICIPATORY RIGHTS:NOTICE, DISCLOSURE, DELAY AND ADJOURNMENTS

9:1000 NOTICE: THE GENERAL RULE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 1 9:2000 WHO IS ENTITLED TO NOTICE? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 11 9:3000 THE MANNER IN WHICH NOTICE MUST

BE GIVEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 23 9:4000 TIME WHEN NOTICE MUST BE GIVEN . . . . . . . . 9 - 30 9:5000 CONTENT OF THE NOTICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 33 9:6000 DISCLOSURE OF EVIDENCE BY A PARTY . . . . . 9 - 54 9:7000 DISCLOSURE OF EVIDENCE BY THE

ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 63 9:8000 DELAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 77 9:9000 ADJOURNMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 96

CHAPTER 10

THE HEARING AND PARTICIPATORY RIGHTS

10:0000 THE RIGHT TO PARTICIPATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 1 10:1000 ORAL HEARINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 3 10:2000 IN CAMERA HEARINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 17 10:3000 THE RIGHT TO COUNSEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 27 10:4000 THE RIGHT TO AN INTERPRETER . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 44 10:5000 THE RIGHT TO ADDUCE EVIDENCE . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 50 10:6000 THE RIGHT TO CROSS-EXAMINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 80

Page 6: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 6 December 2014

10:7000 EXCLUSION OF WITNESSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 91 10:8000 OFFICIAL NOTICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 94 10:9000 THE RIGHT TO MAKE SUBMISSIONS . . . . . . . . . 10 - 101

CHAPTER 11

INTEREST, BIAS AND INDEPENDENCE

11:1000 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 1 11:2000 PECUNIARY OR PROPRIETARY INTEREST

IN THE DECISION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 6 11:3000 THE CONCEPT OF REASONABLE

APPREHENSION OF BIAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 10 11:4000 DISQUALIFICATION FOR REASONABLE

APPREHENSION OF BIAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 21 11:5000 EXCEPTIONS AND DEFENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 71 11:6000 RAISING AN OBJECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 82

CHAPTER 12

REVIEW OF THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS

12:1000 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 1 12:2000 OBTAINING EXTRA-RECORD INFORMATION . . 12 - 2 12:3000 THE FACT-FINDING PROCESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 9 12:4000 OTHER DECISION-MAKING PROCESS

REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 26 12:5000 REASONS FOR DECISION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 57 12:6000 REHEARING, RECONSIDERING AND VARYING

A DECISION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 92

Page 7: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 7 December 2014

PART IVNON-PROCEDURAL REVIEW

CHAPTER 13

THE GRANT OF AUTHORITY

13:1000 GENERALLY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 1 13:2000 SUBDELEGATING THE GRANT OF

AUTHORITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 14 13:3000 GRANTS OF AUTHORITY: CONSTITUTIONAL

LIMITATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 35 13:4000 DETERMINING CONSTITUTIONAL ISSUES . . . 13 - 72 13:5000 GRANTS OF AUTHORITY LIMITING

JUDICIAL REVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 89

CHAPTER 14

REVIEW OF THE EXERCISE OF AUTHORITY: ADMINISTRATIVE ADJUDICATION

14:1000 OVERVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 1 14:2000 DETERMINING THE STANDARD OF REVIEW . . 14 - 20 14:3000 FINDINGS OF FACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 38 14:4000 QUESTIONS OF LAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 62 14:5000 QUESTIONS OF MIXED FACT AND LAW . . . . . . . 14 - 139

CHAPTER 15

REVIEW OF EXERCISE OF AUTHORITY: REVIEW FORUNREASONABLENESS

15:1000 OVERVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 - 1 15:2000 NON-LEGISLATIVE ADMINISTRATIVE

ACTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 - 6 15:3000 DELEGATED LEGISLATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 - 50

Page 8: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 8 December 2014

APPENDICES

CONSTITUTIONAL DOCUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CON - 1FEDERAL STATUTES, RULES & FORMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CAN - 1BRITISH COLUMBIA STATUTES, RULES & FORMS . . . . . . BC - 1ALBERTA STATUTES, RULES & FORMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AB - 1SASKATCHEWAN STATUTES, RULES & FORMS . . . . . App. Sask.MANITOBA STATUTES, RULES & FORMS . . . . . . . . . . . App. Man.ONTARIO STATUTES, RULES & FORMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . App. Ont.QUEBEC STATUTES & RULES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . App. Que.NEW BRUNSWICK STATUTES, RULES & FORMS . . . . . . App. NBPRINCE EDWARD ISLAND STATUTES, RULES & FORMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . App. PEINOVA SCOTIA STATUTES, RULES & FORMS . . . . . . . . . App. NSNEWFOUNDLAND STATUTES, RULES & FORMS . . . . . App. Nfld.NORTHWEST TERRITORIES STATUTES, RULES & FORMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . App. NWTYUKON STATUTES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . App. Yuk.NUNAVUT STATUTES, RULES & FORMS . . . . . . . . . . . . App. Nun.

Page 9: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

CON - 9 December 2014

DETAILED TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART IJUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION

Page

CHAPTER 1

JURISDICTION TO GRANT PREROGATIVE REMEDIES,DECLARATIONS AND INJUNCTIONS

1:1000 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 1 1:1100 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 1 1:1200 Prerogative Remedies and Public Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 3 1:1300 The Crown and the Prerogative Remedies . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 3

1:2000 CERTIORARI AND PROHIBITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 6 1:2100 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 6 1:2200 The Scope of the Remedies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 8 1:2210 Judicial and Legislative Reform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 8 1:2220 Legislative Powers and “Purely Ministerial Decisions” 1 - 12 1:2221 The Nature of This Limitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 11 1:2222 The Scope of The Limitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 13 1:2230 The Requirement of a Final Decision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 14 1:2231 Investigations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 14 1:2240 Interlocutory and Other “Non-Final” Decisions . . . . . . 1 - 17 1:2241 The Rationale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 17 1:2242 The Limitation Applied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 17 1:2250 Public Decisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 19 1:2251 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 19 1:2252 Classification as ‘Public’ or ‘Private’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 20 1:2253 Arbitration Boards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 21 1:2254 Professional Bodies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 24 1:2255 Trade Unions, Private Clubs and Churches . . . . . . . 1 - 26 1:2256 Universities and Hospitals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 28 1:2257 Commercial Decisions by Public Bodies . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 30 1:2258 Public Employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 32 1:2259 Managerial Decisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 34

Page 10: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 10 December 2014

1:3000 MANDAMUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 35 1:3100 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 35 1:3200 The Four Requirements for Mandamus to Issue . . . . . 1 - 40 1:3210 A Clear Legal Right . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 40 1:3220 The Duty Must be Specific and Public . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 42 1:3230 No Discretion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 46 1:3240 Demand and Refusal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 51 1:3300 Mandamus in Aid of Certiorari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 52

1:4000 QUO WARRANTO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 53 1:4100 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 53 1:4200 The Requirements for Issuance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 55

1:5000 HABEAS CORPUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 57 1:5100 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 57 1:5200 Habeas Corpus and Federal Jurisdiction . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 60

1:6000 DECLARATIONS AND INJUNCTIONS: AN INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 63

1:7000 DECLARATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 67 1:7100 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 67 1:7200 When Declarations May Be Awarded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 71 1:7300 When Declarations May Not Be Granted . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 73 1:7310 The Requirement of Justiciability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 73 1:7320 No Practical Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 74 1:7330 Availability of an Alternative Remedy . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 76

1:8000 INJUNCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 78 1:8100 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 78 1:8200 When Injunctions May Be Awarded . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 81 1:8300 When Injunctions May Not Be Awarded . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 83 1:8400 Interlocutory Injunctive Relief Pending an

Administrative Decision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 84 1:8500 Injunctions Against the Crown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 87 1:8510 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 87 1:8520 Interlocutory Injunctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 88 1:8530 The Scope of Crown Immunity: Servants and Agents

of the Crown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 90 1:8540 Crown Immunity and Unauthorized Administrative

Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 91

Page 11: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 11 December 2014

CHAPTER 2

THE APPLICATION FOR JUDICIAL REVIEW

2:1000 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 1

2:2000 THE BRITISH COLUMBIA AND ONTARIO JUDICIAL REVIEW PROCEDURE ACTS . . . . . . . . 2 - 2

2:2100 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 2 2:2200 The “Prerogative Order” Basis of Jurisdiction . . . . . . . 2 - 3 2:2210 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 3 2:2220 “Statutory Powers” and “Statutory Powers of Decision” 2 - 5 2:2230 “In the Nature of” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 6 2:2300 “The Exercise of a Statutory Power of Decision” . . . . . 2 - 8 2:2310 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 8 2:2311 Ontario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 8 2:2312 British Columbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 9 2:2320 Inferior Courts and Personae Designatae . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 10 2:2330 Definition of “the Exercise of a Statutory Power

of Decision” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 11 2:2331 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 11 2:2332 Legal Rights, Powers, Privileges, Liabilities,

Immunities and Duties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 12 2:2333 Licences and Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 16 2:2340 No Exercise of a Statutory Power of Decision . . . . . . . . 2 - 16 2:2341 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 16 2:2342 Advice, Recommendations and Reports . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 20 2:2343 Commercial Decisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 21 2:2344 University Staff and Student Decisions . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 22 2:2345 Public Employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 23 2:2400 Declarations and Injunctions: “Statutory Powers” . . . 2 - 24 2:2410 “By or under a Statute” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 26 2:2411 Ontario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 26 2:2412 British Columbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 27 2:2420 Exercise of a Statutory Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 28 2:2421 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 28 2:2422 Cabinet Decisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 31 2:2423 Private Bodies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 32 2:2424 Proposed or Purported Exercise of a Statutory

Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 33 2:2425 Refusal to Exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 35

Page 12: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 12 December 2014

2:2430 Transfer of an Action for a Declaration or Injunction 2 - 35

2:3000 PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND’S JUDICIAL REVIEW ACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 37

2:3100 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 37 2:3200 The Application for Judicial Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 37 2:3300 The Prerogative Order Basis of Jurisdiction . . . . . . . . 2 - 39 2:3400 Declarations and Injunctions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 40

2:4000 FEDERAL COURTS ACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 41 2:4100 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 41 2:4110 The Establishment of the Federal Courts of Canada . . 2 - 41 2:4120 The Refurbishment of the Federal Court’s Jurisdiction 2 - 43 2:4200 General Jurisdictional Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 48 2:4210 No Inherent Jurisdiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 48 2:4220 Constitutional Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 50 2:4221 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 50 2:4222 An Existing Body of Federal Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 50 2:4300 “Federal Board, Commission or Other Tribunal” . . . . 2 - 51 2:4310 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 51 2:4311 The “Laws of Canada” Requirement . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 53 2:4312 The “Public” Requirement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 55 2:4320 Specifically . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 56 2:4321 Public Officials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 56 2:4322 The Crown, the Governor-in-Council and

Ministers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 59 2:4323 Federal Corporations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 61 2:4324 Indian Bands, Chiefs and Councils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 63 2:4330 Exclusions from the Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 64 2:4331 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 64 2:4332 Section 96 Judges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 65 2:4333 Provincially-Constituted Boards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 67 2:4334 The Senate and the House of Commons . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 69 2:4335 The Effect of Exclusion from the Definition:

Provincial Statutes and Federal Powers . . . . . . . . . 2 - 69 2:4400 Grounds of Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 70 2:4410 Forms of Relief . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 71 2:4420 Reviewable Administrative Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 73 2:4500 Jurisdiction to Award Habeas Corpus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 77 2:4510 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 77 2:4520 Deference by the Provincial Courts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 78

Page 13: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 13 December 2014

2:4521 Immigration and Refugee Protection Act . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 79 2:4522 Federal Penitentiaries and Parole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 80 2:4523 Extradition Act . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 81 2:4600 Constitutional Challenges to Administrative Action . . 2 - 81 2:4610 Federal Court Jurisdiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 81 2:4620 Provincial Superior Court Jurisdiction . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 83 2:4621 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 83 2:4622 What is a Constitutional Issue? Vires Challenges to

Federal Delegated Legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 84 2:4623 Charter Challenges to Federal Administrative

Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 86 2:4624 Non-Constitutional Issues Included in Proceeding . . 2 - 87 2:4625 The Exercise of Provincial Superior Court

Jurisdiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 88

CHAPTER 3

DISCRETIONARY BARS TO JUDICIAL REVIEW

3:1000 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 1 3:1100 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 1 3:1200 Discretionary Bars: An Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 2 3:1210 Exhaustion of Specific Administrative or other

Remedies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 33:1220 The Issue Must Exist And Be Justiciable . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 3 3:1230 Timeliness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 4 3:1240 Waiver, Misconduct and Triviality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 4 3:1250 Identity of the Decision-Maker and the Nature of

the Decision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 4 3:1300 The Exercise of Discretion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 5

3:2000 ADEQUATE ALTERNATIVE REMEDIES . . . . . . . . . 3 - 6 3:2100 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 6 3:2110 Redetermination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 7 3:2120 Appeals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 9 3:2130 Other Judicial Proceedings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 11 3:2131 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 11 3:2132 Civil Trials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 12 3:2133 Criminal Proceedings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 13 3:2134 Special Statutory Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 13

Page 14: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 14 December 2014

3:2135 Other Prerogative Remedies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 15 3:2200 Appeals to the Courts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 16 3:2210 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 16 3:2220 Inadequate Record on Appeal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 19 3:2230 Expedition and Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 19 3:2240 Constitutional and Jurisdictional Issues . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 20 3:2250 Procedural Fairness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 20 3:2300 Administrative Appeals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 21 3:2310 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 21 3:2311 Exhaustion Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 23 3:2312 Exhaustion Not Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 30 3:2320 Inadequacy of Appeals to the Cabinet or a Minister . . 3 - 32 3:2330 Relevance of the Decision-Maker’s Expertise . . . . . . . . 3 - 33 3:2340 Inadequate Scope of the Administrative Remedy . . . . . 3 - 34 3:2350 Convenience and Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 35 3:2360 Jurisdictional Errors and Other Errors of Law . . . . . . 3 - 36 3:2370 Procedural Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 39 3:2380 Constitutional Law Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 42 3:2390 Issue Estoppel/Res Judicata/Abuse of Process . . . . . . 3 - 43

3:3000 MOOTNESS, LACK OF UTILITY AND JUSTICIABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 49 3:3100 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 49 3:3200 Mootness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 50 3:3300 Futility and No Useful Purpose to be Served . . . . . . . . 3 - 57 3:3400 Justiciability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 59

3:4000 PREMATURITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 61 3:4100 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 61 3:4200 Lack of Ripeness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 63 3:4300 Interim and Interlocutory Decisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 66 3:4400 Jurisdictional Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 70

3:5000 DELAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 72 3:5100 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 72 3:5200 Compliance with Time-Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 75 3:5300 Undue Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 73 3:5310 The Length of the Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 74 3:5320 Adequacy of the Explanation for the Delay . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 76 3:5330 Prejudice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 77

Page 15: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 15 December 2014

3:6000 WAIVER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 79

3:7000 OTHER DISQUALIFYING CONDUCT . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 81 3:7100 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 81 3:7200 Illegal Conduct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 82 3:7300 Lack of Candour and Bad Faith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 83

3:8000 TECHNICAL DEFECTS AND NON-MATERIAL ERRORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 85 3:8100 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 85 3:8200 Non-compliance with Procedural or Formal Statutory

Provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 86 3:8210 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 86 3:8220 Judicial Review Statutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 88

3:9000 BALANCE OF CONVENIENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 - 89

PART IIJUDICIAL REVIEW PROCEDURE

CHAPTER 4

PARTIES TO A JUDICIAL REVIEW PROCEEDING

4:1000 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 1 4:1100 Applicants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 1 4:1200 Respondents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 2 4:1300 Intervenors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 2

4:2000 CAPACITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 2 4:2100 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 2 4:2200 Trade Unions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 4 4:2300 Indian Bands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 6 4:2400 Administrative Agencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 6

4:3000 STANDING TO SEEK JUDICIAL REVIEW . . . . . . . . 4 - 9 4:3100 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 9 4:3200 Function of a Standing Requirement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 12

Page 16: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 16 December 2014

4:3300 When Standing is Decided . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 13 4:3400 The General Rule: a Personal Interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 14 4:3410 Statutory Provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 14 4:3411 Specific Legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 14 4:3412 Judicial Review Legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 16 4:3420 The Common Law Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 18 4:3421 An Identifiable Personal Interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 19 4:3422 Harm not too Remote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 19 4:3430 Qualifying “Personal Interests” at Common Law . . . . 4 - 20 4:3431 Participants in the Administrative Proceedings

under Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 20 4:3432 Unions and Employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 22 4:3433 Family Relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 24 4:3434 Ownership of Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 25 4:3435 Commercial and Professional Interests . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 26 4:3436 Governmental Interests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 30 4:3437 Miscellaneous Interests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 31 4:3440 Insufficient Interest at Common Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 32 4:3441 Subordinate Legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 32 4:3442 Other Administrative Action of a General Nature . . 4 - 34 4:3443 Environmental Interests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 35 4:3444 Abortion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 36 4:3445 Taxpayers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 37 4:3450 Effect on Interest too Remote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 38 4:3500 Public Interest Applicants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 40 4:3510 The Attorney General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 40 4:3520 Private Plaintiffs as Public Interest Applicants

Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 42 4:3530 The Requirement of “a Genuine Interest” . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 44 4:3531 “Genuine Interest” and Individuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 45 4:3532 “Genuine Interest” and Public Interest Groups . . . . . . 4 - 47 4:3540 The Requirement of “a Justiciable Issue” . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 51 4:3550 The Requirement of “a Serious Issue” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 51 4:3560 The Requirement of “No Other Route” . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 53

4:4000 RESPONDENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 56 4:4100 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 56 4:4200 Administrative Decision-Makers as Respondents . . . . 4 - 57 4:4210 Statutory Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 57 4:4220 Scope of the Tribunal’s Participation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 59 4:4221 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 59

Page 17: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 17 December 2014

4:4222 Procedural Unfairness as a Ground of Review . . . . 4 - 64 4:4223 Applications of the Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 64 4:4300 Attorneys-General as Respondents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 66 4:4400 Other Respondents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 67 4:4500 Practice Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 68

4:5000 INTERVENORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 70 4:5100 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 70 4:5110 Provincial Rules of Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 71 4:5120 Federal Courts Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 72 4:5130 The Supreme Court of Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 73 4:5200 Intervention as a Party . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 73 4:5210 Persons Adversely Affected . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 73 4:5220 Persons not Adversely Affected . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 76 4:5230 Intervention in the Federal Court . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 76 4:5240 Discretionary Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 78 4:5241 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 78 4:5242 Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 79 4:5300 Intervention as a Non-Party: Amicus Curiae . . . . . . . . 4 - 80 4:5310 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 80 4:5320 Criteria for Permitting Amicus Curiae Intervention . . 4 - 81 4:5321 A Particular Interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 81 4:5322 A Different Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 82 4:5323 Leave to Intervene Denied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 82 4:5400 Intervention by the Attorney General . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 83

CHAPTER 5

COMMENCEMENT OF JUDICIALREVIEW PROCEEDINGS

5:0000 OVERVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 1 5:0100 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 1 5:0200 Judicial Review Proceedings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 2 5:0300 Collateral Attack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 3

5:1000 LIMITATION PERIODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 6 5:1100 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 6 5:1110 The Privative Effect of Statutory Time-Limits . . . . . . 5 - 7 5:1120 Estoppel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 8

Page 18: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 18 December 2014

5:1200 Judicial Review Statutes and Rules of Court . . . . . . . . 5 - 8 5:1210 British Columbia, Ontario and Manitoba . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 8 5:1211 British Columbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 9 5:1212 Ontario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 9 5:1213 Manitoba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 10 5:1220 Quebec and Saskatchewan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 10 5:1221 Quebec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 10 5:1222 Saskatchewan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 11 5:1230 Alberta and New Brunswick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 11 5:1231 Alberta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 11 5:1232 New Brunswick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 12 5:1240 Nova Scotia and Newfoundland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 13 5:1241 Nova Scotia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 135:1242 Newfoundland and Labrador . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 135:1250 Prince Edward Island, Northwest Territories and

The Federal Courts Act . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 14 5:1251 Prince Edward Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 14 5:1252 The Federal Courts Act . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 15 5:1300 Conflicting Time-Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 16 5:1310 Conflict Between a Statutory Time-Limit and a Rule . 5 - 16 5:1320 Conflicting Statutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 17 5:1400 Commencement and Termination of Limitation

Periods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 18 5:1410 Commencement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 18 5:1420 The End Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 20 5:1500 Extension of Limitation Periods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 22 5:1510 The Provincial Superior Courts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 22 5:1520 The Federal Courts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 23

5:2000 THE NATURE OF THE RELIEF SOUGHT . . . . . . . . 5 - 25 5:2100 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 25 5:2110 Statement of the Relief Sought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 25 5:2120 Grounds for Relief Sought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 28 5:2121 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 28 5:2122 Raising New Grounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 28 5:2123 Advancing New Grounds on Return of Application . . . 5 - 29 5:2130 Evidence to be Relied Upon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 30 5:2200 Quashing or Setting Aside an Administrative

Decision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 31 5:2210 Quashing and Remitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 32 5:2220 Quashing With an Order not to Remit . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 34

Page 19: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 19 December 2014

5:2230 Remitting with Directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 36 5:2240 Remission to a Differently-Constituted Body . . . . . . . . 5 - 40 5:2250 Partial Quashing and Severance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 42 5:2251 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 42 5:2252 Subordinate Legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 43 5:2300 Monetary Relief . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 44 5:2400 Reinstatement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 46 5:2500 Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 46 5:2510 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 46 5:2515 Public Interest Litigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 48 5:2520 Costs on a Solicitor-Client Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 49 5:2530 No Order as to Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 51 5:2540 Costs Payable to and against the Crown . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 52 5:2550 Costs in the Federal Court . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 53 5:2560 Costs Payable by or to the Administrative Agency . . . . 5 - 54 5:2570 Intervenors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 56

5:3000 COMMENCEMENT OF PROCEEDINGS IN ONTARIO, MANITOBA AND PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND . . . . 5 - 57

5:3100 Ontario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 58 5:3110 Leave to Apply in Urgent Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 58 5:3111 Urgency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 59 5:3112 Delay and Risk of Failure of Justice . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 64 5:3120 Section 6(2) Practice Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 66 5:3121 Section 6(2) Applications in Toronto . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 66 5:3122 Expedited Hearing by Divisional Court . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 67 5:3123 Stay as Alternative Relief . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 67 5:3124 Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 67 5:3125 Consent of the Parties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 67 5:3126 Transfer of Proceedings to the Divisional Court . . . . 5 - 68 5:3130 The Notice of Application for Judicial Review . . . . . . . 5 - 68 5:3131 The Name of the Court . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 69 5:3132 The Names of the Parties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 69 5:3133 Identification of the Statute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 69 5:3134 The Title of the Proceeding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 69 5:3135 Date and Place of Hearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 69 5:3136 Instructions as to Opposing the Application . . . . . . . 5 - 70 5:3137 The Relief Sought, the Grounds Therefor and

the Evidence to be Relied Upon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 70 5:3138 Where a Respondent is to be Served Outside Ontario 5 - 71 5:3140 Issuance and Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 71

Page 20: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 20 December 2014

5:3150 Notice of Constitutional Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 73 5:3160 Notice of Appearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 73 5:3200 Manitoba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 74 5:3210 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 74 5:3220 The Notice of Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 74 5:3221 Name of the Court . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 74 5:3222 Title of Proceedings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 74 5:3223 The Notice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 75 5:3224 The Relief Claimed, Grounds and Evidence . . . . . . . 5 - 75 5:3225 The Date and Signature of Counsel for the

Applicant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 75 5:3230 Issuance and Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 76 5:3240 Notice of Constitutional Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 76 5:3300 Prince Edward Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 76 5:3310 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 76 5:3320 The Notice of Application for Judicial Review . . . . . . . 5 - 77 5:3321 The Name of the Court . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 77 5:3322 The Names of the Parties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 77 5:3323 The Title of the Proceeding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 77 5:3324 Date and Place of Hearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 77 5:3325 Instructions as to Opposing the Application . . . . . . . 5 - 78 5:3326 Relief Sought, Grounds Therefor and Evidence

to be Relied Upon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 78 5:3327 Where Respondent is Served Outside Prince Edward

Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 78 5:3330 Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 79 5:3340 Notice of Appearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 79 5:3350 Notice of Constitutional Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 79 5:4000 PETITIONS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA AND THE

YUKON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 79 5:4100 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 79 5:4200 The Originating Application by Petition . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 80 5:4210 The Contents of the Petition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 80 5:4211 Name of the Court . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 80 5:4212 The Names of the Parties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 80 5:4213 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 81 5:4214 The Particulars of the Petition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 81 5:4215 Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 81 5:4216 Instructions as to Opposing the Petition . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 82 5:4217 Notice of Constitutional Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 82

Page 21: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 21 December 2014

5:5000 ALBERTA AND THE NORTHWEST TERRITORIES 5 - 83 5:5100 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 83 5:5200 The Application for Judicial Review in Alberta . . . . . . 5 - 83 5:5210 The Contents of the Originating Application . . . . . . . . 5 - 83 5:5211 Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 83 5:5212 The Particulars of the Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 84 5:5220 Notice to Tribunal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 845:5230 Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 84 5:5240 Notice of Constitutional Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 85 5:5300 The Application for Judicial Review In the Northwest

Territories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 85 5:5310 The Contents of the Notice of Application . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 85 5:5311 The Style of Cause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 85 5:5312 The Particulars of the Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 86 5:5320 Notice to Tribunal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 86 5:5330 Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 87 5:5400 Notice of Constitutional Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 87

5:6000 SASKATCHEWAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 88 5:6100 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 88 5:6200 The Form and Contents of the Application . . . . . . . . . 5 - 88 5:6210 The Court . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 88 5:6220 Preamble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 88 5:6230 The Parties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 89 5:6240 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 89 5:6250 Relief, Grounds, Rule and Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 89 5:6251 Relief Sought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 89 5:6252 The Grounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 89 5:6253 The Documentary Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 89 5:6254 Claim for Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 89 5:6255 Date and Signature of Counsel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 90 5:6260 Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 90 5:6270 Order to Set Aside . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 90 5:6280 The Applicant’s Solicitor and Address for Service . . . . 5 - 90 5:6300 Notice of Constitutional Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 91

5:7000 NEW BRUNSWICK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 91 5:7100 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 91 5:7200 Notice of Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 91 5:7210 The Court . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 92 5:7220 The Names of the Parties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 92

Page 22: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 22 December 2014

5:7230 The Notice Component . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 92 5:7240 The Contents of the Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 92 5:7241 The Order Sought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 92 5:7242 The Capacity of the Parties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 93 5:7243 The Address of the Applicant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 93 5:7244 The Nature of the Claim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 93 5:7245 The Documentary Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 93 5:7246 Date, Signature and Address of Lawyer . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 93 5:7300 Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 94 5:7400 Notice of Constitutional Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 94

5:8000 NOVA SCOTIA AND NEWFOUNDLAND . . . . . . . . . 5 - 94 5:8100 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 94 5:8200 Notice of Application in Newfoundland and Labrador 5 - 95 5:8210 The Style of Cause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 95 5:8211 File Number and Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 95 5:8212 Name of Court . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 95 5:8213 Names of the Parties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 95 5:8220 The Contents of the Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 95 5:8230 Notification to the Respondent in Newfoundland and

Labrador . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 96 5:8240 Endorsements and Affidavits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 96 5:8241 Where the Relief sought is in the nature

of Certiorari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 96 5:8242 Affidavit of Applicant in Mandamus Proceedings . . 5 - 97 5:8243 Quo Warranto Proceedings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 97 5:8250 Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 97 5:8260 Notice of Constitutional Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 97 5:8300 Notice for Judicial Review in Nova Scotia . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 985:8310 The Style of Cause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 985:8311 Proceeding Number and Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 985:8312 Name of Court . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 985:8313 The Parties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 985:8320 The Contents of the Notice for Judicial Review . . . . . . 5 - 995:8330 Notice and Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 995:8340 Notice of Constitutional Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 99

5:9000 JUDICIAL REVIEW IN THE FEDERAL COURT . . . 5 - 1005:9100 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 1005:9200 The Form and Contents of the Notice of Application

for Judicial Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 102

Page 23: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 23 December 2014

5:9210 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 1025:9211 Joinder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 1035:9212 Irregular Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 1045:9220 First Part of the Notice of Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 1045:9221 Title of the Court . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 1045:9222 Style of Cause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 1045:9223 Time and Place of Hearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 1065:9224 Endorsement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 1065:9230 The Second Part of the Notice of Application . . . . . . . . 5 - 1065:9231 Relief Sought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 1075:9232 Grounds for Relief Sought . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 1075:9233 Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 1085:9234 Request to Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 1085:9240 Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 1095:9250 Notice of Appearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 1105:9300 Notice of Constitutional Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 1105:9400 Leave to Apply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 110

CHAPTER 6

INTERLOCUTORY PROCEEDINGS,PERFECTION AND ORDERS

6:1000 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 1 6:1100 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 1 6:1200 Evidence and Perfection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 1 6:1300 Interlocutory Proceedings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 1

6:2000 STAY OF PROCEEDINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 2 6:2100 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 2 6:2110 Commencement of Judicial Review Proceedings . . . . . 6 - 2 6:2120 Jurisdiction to Stay Administrative Proceedings . . . . . 6 - 4 6:2130 A Matter of Judicial Discretion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 5 6:2140 Stays of Other Administrative Proceedings . . . . . . . . . 6 - 7 6:2150 Interlocutory Relief in Aid of the Administrative

Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 7 6:2160 Stay of Judicial Review Proceedings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 8 6:2170 Lifting Stays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 8 6:2200 Stays: The General Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 9 6:2210 Prior to Metropolitan Stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 9

Page 24: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 24 December 2014

6:2220 The Metropolitan Stores and RJR-MacDonald Cases . 6 - 10 6:2300 The Principles Applied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 11 6:2310 Assessing the Merits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 11 6:2311 Serious Issue Found . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 13 6:2312 No Serious Issue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 16 6:2320 Irreparable Harm if Interim Relief Denied . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 17 6:2321 Irreparable Harm Shown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 18 6:2322 Irreparable Harm not Shown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 23 6:2330 Balance of Convenience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 29 6:2331 Between the Parties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 29 6:2332 Inclusion of the Public Interest in the Balance of

Convenience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 31

6:3000 OTHER INTERIM RELIEF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 35 6:3100 Interim Declarations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 35 6:3200 Expediting Judicial Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 36 6:3300 Posting Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 37

6:4000 MOTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 38 6:4100 Motions to Quash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 38 6:4200 Dismissal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 40 6:4210 Ontario and Prince Edward Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 41 6:4220 The Federal Courts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 41 6:4300 Motions for Leave to Intervene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 42 6:4400 Motions for Directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 43 6:4500 Motion Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 43 6:4510 Motions in Ontario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 44 6:4511 Notice of Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 45 6:4512 Motion Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 46 6:4513 The Factum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 46 6:4514 Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 46 6:4520 Motions in the Federal Courts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 47 6:4521 Notice of Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 48 6:4522 Motion Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 48 6:4523 Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 48 6:4524 Written Submissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 49 6:4530 Motions in Other Provinces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 49 6:4531 Manitoba, New Brunswick and Prince Edward

Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 49 6:4532 British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan . . . . . 6 - 50 6:4533 Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador . . . . 6 - 51

Page 25: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 25 December 2014

6:5000 EVIDENCE IN JUDICIAL REVIEW PROCEEDINGS 6 - 52 6:5100 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 52 6:5110 Judicial Review in the Context of an Action . . . . . . . . . 6 - 52 6:5120 Judicial Review by Way of Appeal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 53 6:5130 Evidence in Connection with Applications for

Judicial Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 53 6:5131 Onus of Proof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 53 6:5132 The Form of the Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 54 6:5200 Legislative Facts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 52 6:5210 “Legislative” and “Adjudicative” Facts . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 55 6:5220 Tendering “Legislative Facts” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 56 6:5300 Admissibility of Adjudicative Facts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 58 6:5400 The Administrative Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 62 6:5410 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 62 6:5420 Common Law Definition of the Administrative Record 6 - 62 6:5430 Statutory Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 64 6:5431 Ontario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 65 6:5432 Prince Edward Island and British Columbia . . . . . . 6 - 65 6:5433 Alberta, Nunavut and the Northwest Territories,

Nova Scotia, Newfoundland and Labrador and Saskatchewan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 66

6:5440 Contents of the Administrative Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 68 6:5441 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 68 6:5442 Briefs and Authorities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 68 6:5443 Tribunal Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 69 6:5444 Confidential Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 69 6:5445 Minutes of Tribunal Meetings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 70 6:5446 Prior Tribunal Decisions in the Same Matter . . . . . . 6 - 71 6:5447 Drafts of Decisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 71 6:5448 Dissenting Reasons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 72 6:5449 Documentary Evidence and Transcripts

of Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 72 6:5450 Obtaining the Administrative Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 74 6:5451 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 74 6:5452 Ontario and Prince Edward Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 74 6:5453 The Yukon, Alberta and the Northwest Territories,

Saskatchewan, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 75

6:5454 Manitoba, New Brunswick and British Columbia . . 6 - 75 6:5455 The Federal Courts Act . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 76

Page 26: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 26 December 2014

6:5460 Disputes over the Contents of the Administrative Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 77

6:5500 Adducing Evidence of Adjudicative Facts . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 78 6:5510 Affidavit Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 79 6:5520 Cross-examination on Affidavit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 82 6:5530 Examination of a Witness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 84 6:5540 Oral Evidence at the Hearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 85 6:5600 Compellability of Witnesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 85 6:5610 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 85 6:5620 Testimonial Immunity of Adjudicative Decision-

Makers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 86

6:6000 THE APPLICATION RECORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 87 6:6100 Ontario and Prince Edward Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 87 6:6110 Applicant’s Obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 88 6:6120 Respondent’s Obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 89 6:6130 Application Record in the Divisional Court . . . . . . . . . 6 - 89 6:6131 Applicant’s Application Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 89 6:6132 Respondent’s Application Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 89 6:6133 Intervenors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 90 6:6140 Applications to a Single Judge of the Ontario Court

of Justice (General Division) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 90 6:6141 Applicant’s Application Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 90 6:6142 Respondent’s Application Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 90 6:6143 Intervenors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 91 6:6200 New Brunswick and Manitoba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 91 6:6210 New Brunswick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 91 6:6211 Application Returnable in the Queen’s Bench . . . . . 6 - 91 6:6212 Applications Returnable in the Court of Appeal . . . . 6 - 92 6:6220 Manitoba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 93 6:6300 Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador . . . . . . 6 - 94 6:6310 Nova Scotia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 94 6:6320 Newfoundland and Labrador . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 94 6:6400 Saskatchewan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 946:6500 Alberta and the Northwest Territories . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 946:6600 British Columbia and The Yukon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 956:6700 Federal Courts Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 966:6710 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 966:6720 Applicant’s Application Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 97 6:6730 Respondent’s Application Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 97 6:6740 Intervenor’s Application Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 98

Page 27: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 27 December 2014

6:6750 Obtaining Tribunal Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 98 6:6760 Tribunal as a Party . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 100

6:7000 THE FACTUM, BRIEF, OR MEMORANDUM OF FACT AND LAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 100

6:7100 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 1006:7200 The Function of the Factum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 1016:7210 Preparation for the Hearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 1016:7220 At the Hearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 1026:7230 Giving Oral Decisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 1026:7240 After the Hearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 1026:7300 Ontario and Prince Edward Island Practice . . . . . . . . 6 - 1026:7310 Applicant’s Factum (Ontario) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 1036:7311 Part I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 1036:7312 Part II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 1036:7313 Part III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 1046:7314 Part IV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 1046:7315 Schedule A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 1056:7316 Schedule B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 1056:7320 Respondent’s Factum (Ontario) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 1056:7321 Part I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 1066:7322 Part II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 1066:7323 Part III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 1076:7324 Part IV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 1076:7325 Schedule A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 1076:7326 Schedule B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 1076:7330 Intervenor’s Factum (Ontario) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 1086:7340 Prince Edward Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 1086:7400 Federal Courts Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 1086:7410 Applicant’s Memorandum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 1086:7420 Respondent’s Memorandum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 1096:7500 British Columbia Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 1096:7510 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 1096:7600 Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba Practice . . . . . 6 - 1106:7610 Manitoba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 1106:7620 Saskatchewan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 1116:7630 Alberta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 1116:7700 New Brunswick Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 1126:7800 Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador Practice 6 - 1126:7810 Nova Scotia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 1126:7820 Newfoundland and Labrador . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 113

Page 28: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 28 December 2014

6:8000 FORM OF THE COURT ORDER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 1136:8100 Ontario, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and

Manitoba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 1136:8110 Ontario and Prince Edward Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 1136:8120 Manitoba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 1146:8130 New Brunswick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 1146:8200 Federal Courts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 1156:8300 British Columbia, Alberta, the Northwest Territories,

Saskatchewan, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 115

PART IIIREVIEW OF ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE

CHAPTER 7

THE DUTY OF FAIRNESS:ITS SCOPE AND CONTENT

7:1000 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 1 7:1100 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 1 7:1200 The Costs and Benefits of Procedural Requirements 7 - 3 7:1210 The Functions of Administrative Procedures . . . . . . . 7 - 3 7:1211 The Quality of the Decision-Making . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 3 7:1212 The Acceptability of Decisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 3 7:1220 Countervailing Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 4 7:1300 Evolution of the Common Law Duty of Fairness . . . . . 7 - 4 7:1310 Rules of Natural Justice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 4 7:1320 Advent of the Duty of Fairness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 7 7:1321 Ridge v. Baldwin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 7 7:1322 Nicholson v. Norfolk-Haldimand Regional Board of

Commissioners of Police . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 7 7:1330 Duty of Fairness Today . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 8 7:1331 Rules of Natural Justice Subsumed by Duty

of Fairness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 8 7:1332 Baker v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and

Immigration) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 9 7:1400 The Conceptual Basis of the Duty of Fairness . . . . . . . 7 - 9

Page 29: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 29 December 2014

7:1500 Excluding or Limiting The Duty of Fairness . . . . . . . . 7 - 10 7:1510 Statutory Exclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 10 7:1511 Express Exclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 11 7:1512 Implied Exclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 12 7:1520 Incompatibility with Statutory Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 14 7:1521 National Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 14 7:1522 Urgency and Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 14 7:1530 Exclusion by Contract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 15 7:1600 The Standard of Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 16 7:1610 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 16 7:1620 The Current Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 17 7:1621 The General Rule: No Deference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 17 7:1622 Review of Discretion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 18 7:1623 Construction of a Statutory Procedural Provision . . 7 - 19 7:1624 Universities and Prisons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 20 7:1700 The Doctrine of Legitimate Expectations . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 20 7:1710 The Nature of a Legitimate Expectation . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 21 7:1720 The Rationale for the Doctrine of Legitimate

Expectations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 23 7:1730 Limitations on the Legitimate Expectations Doctrine . 7 - 24 7:1740 Failure to Comply With Reasonable Expectations . . . . 7 - 26

7:2000 THE SCOPE OF THE DUTY OF FAIRNESS . . . . . . . 7 - 28 7:2100 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 28 7:2200 A “Public Authority” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 29 7:2210 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 29 7:2220 Private Bodies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 31 7:2300 An “Administrative Decision Not of a Legislative

Nature” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 32 7:2310 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 32 7:2320 Commercial and Other “Private Law” Decisions . . . . . 7 - 32 7:2321 Public Employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 33 7:2322 Procurement Contracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 35 7:2323 Property Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 37 7:2330 “Legislative” Powers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 38 7:2331 Delegated Legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 40 7:2332 Administrative Rule-Making . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 42 7:2340 “Ministerial” or “General Policy” Decisions . . . . . . . . . 7 - 43 7:2400 A Decision that “Affects the Rights, Privileges

and Interests of Individuals” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 47 7:2410 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 47

Page 30: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 30 December 2014

7:2420 Rights, Privileges and Interests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 48 7:2421 Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 48 7:2422 Privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 51 7:2423 Interests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 53 7:2430 “Of Individuals” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 55 7:2500 When is an Interest Affected? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 56 7:2510 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 56 7:2520 Final Decisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 57 7:2530 Temporary Suspensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 59 7:2540 The Refusal, Non-Renewal and Revocation of

Discretionary Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 60 7:2550 Non-final Decisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 63 7:2551 Investigations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 64 7:2552 Public Inquiries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 67 7:2553 Recommendations and Decisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 68 7:2554 Deciding to Refer for a Hearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 71

7:3000 PROCEDURAL FAIRNESS: CONTENT AND CONTEXT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 74

7:3100 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 74 7:3110 The Purpose of the Duty of Fairness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 74 7:3120 The Baker Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 75 7:3200 The Nature of the Decision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 76 7:3300 Nature of the Statutory Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 78 7:3400 The Importance of the Decision to the

Individuals Affected . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 78 7:3500 The Legitimate Expectations of the Party Affected . . 7 - 80 7:3600 The Nature of the Deference Accorded to the Body . . . 7 - 82

CHAPTER 8

STATUTORY AND CONSTITUTIONALPROCEDURAL REQUIREMENTS

8:1000 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 1

8:2000 STATUTORY PROCEDURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 2 8:2100 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 2 8:2110 General Procedural Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 2 8:2120 Agency-Specific Statutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 3

Page 31: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 31 December 2014

8:2130 Agency Rules and Rulings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 4

8:3000 ALBERTA’S ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES AND JURISDICTION ACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 4

8:3500 BRITISH COLUMBIA’S ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNAL ACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 5

8:4000 ONTARIO’S STATUTORY POWERS PROCEDURE ACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 8

8:4100 “A Tribunal” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 10 8:4200 “In the Exercise of a Statutory Power of Decision” . . . 8 - 11 8:4210 “In the Exercise of...” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 11 8:4220 “By or under a Statute” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 11 8:4221 University Decisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 13 8:4222 Trade and Business Associations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 14 8:4230 “Legal Rights, Powers, Privileges” and Other Interests 8 - 14 8:4240 “A Decision” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 15 8:4300 “Required by or Under Such Act or Otherwise by

Law to Hold a Hearing” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 18 8:4310 Hearing Imposed by the Tribunal’s Enabling Statute . 8 - 19 8:4320 “Otherwise by Law” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 19 8:4321 The Common Law Duty of Fairness . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 20 8:4322 Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms . . . . . . . 8 - 22 8:4400 Exemptions from the Act . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 22 8:4410 Section 3(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 23 8:4420 Other Statutory Exemptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 24

8:5000 THE PUBLIC INQUIRIES ACTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 26 8:5100 The Ontario Public Inquiries Act . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 26 8:5200 The Acts in Other Provinces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 27 8:5300 The Federal Inquiries Act . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 28

8:6000 CANADIAN BILL OF RIGHTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 29 8:6100 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 29 8:6200 Section 1(a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 30 8:6300 Section 2(e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 32 8:6310 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 32 8:6320 Determination of Rights and Obligations . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 32

Page 32: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 32 December 2014

8:7000 CANADIAN CHARTER OF RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 34

8:7100 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 34 8:7110 Section 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 34 8:7120 Who May Invoke Section 7? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 36 8:7130 “Life”, “Liberty” and “Security of the Person” . . . . . . . . 8 - 37 8:7140 “The Principles of Fundamental Justice” . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 39 8:7150 Procedural Challenges Based on Section 7 . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 40 8:7160 Other Provisions Affecting Administrative Action . . . . 8 - 43 8:7200 The Scope of the Charter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 45 8:7210 Governmental Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 45 8:7220 Non-Governmental Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 47 8:7300 The Scope of Section 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 48 8:7310 “Deprived” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 48 8:7320 “The Right to Life, Liberty and Security of the Person” 8 - 50 8:7321 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 50 8:7322 Prisons and Parole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 51 8:7323 Mental-Illness Confinement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 53 8:7324 Residency Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 53 8:7330 Trans-National Movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 54 8:7340 Interests other than Freedom of Movement . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 58 8:7341 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 58 8:7342 The Practice of Professions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 60 8:7343 Public Employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 62 8:7344 Social Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 62 8:7345 Administrative Proceedings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 64

CHAPTER 9

PRE-HEARING PARTICIPATORY RIGHTS:NOTICE, DISCLOSURE, DELAY AND ADJOURNMENTS

9:1000 NOTICE: THE GENERAL RULE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 1 9:1100 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 1 9:1200 The Common Law: A Spectrum of Notice

Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 5 9:1300 Statutory Notice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 7 9:1400 Defences to and Remedies for Failure to Give Notice . 9 - 8 9:1500 Waiver and Acquiescence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 10 9:1600 Curing The Lack of Notice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 11

Page 33: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 33 December 2014

9:2000 WHO IS ENTITLED TO NOTICE? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 11 9:2100 At Common Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 11 9:2110 An Individual’s Interest Must Be Directly Affected . . . 9 - 11 9:2111 An Interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 12 9:2112 Directly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 12 9:2120 Legitimate Expectation of Notice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 14 9:2200 The General Procedural Codes In Ontario,

British Columbia and Alberta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 14 9:2210 Ontario’s Statutory Powers Procedure Act . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 14 9:2211 Persons “Specified as Parties” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 14 9:2212 Persons “Entitled By Law” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 16 9:2220 Alberta’s Administrative Procedures and Jurisdiction

Act . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 16 9:2230 British Columbia’s Administrative Tribunals Act . . . . 9 - 17 9:2300 Specific Statutory Notice Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 17 9:2310 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 17 9:2320 Notice of Constitutional Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 19 9:2400 Specific Applications of Notice Requirements . . . . . . . 9 - 20 9:2410 Municipal Decisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 20 9:2420 Labour Relations and Employment Decisions . . . . . . . 9 - 21 9:2430 Licensing Decisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 22

9:3000 THE MANNER IN WHICH NOTICE MUST BE GIVEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 23

9:3100 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 23 9:3200 Common Law Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 24 9:3300 Statutory Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 26 9:3310 Ontario’s Statutory Powers Procedure Act . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 26 9:3315 British Columbia’s Administrative Tribunal Act . . . . . 9 - 27 9:3320 Alberta’s Administrative Procedures and

Jurisdiction Act . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 27 9:3330 Other Statutory Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 27 9:3331 Notice by Publication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 28 9:3332 Notice by Mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 29

9:4000 TIME WHEN NOTICE MUST BE GIVEN . . . . . . . . . 9 - 30 9:4100 At Common Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 30 9:4200 Statutory Time-Periods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 32

9:5000 CONTENT OF THE NOTICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 33 9:5100 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 33

Page 34: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 34 December 2014

9:5110 The General Principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 33 9:5120 Notice and Particulars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 35 9:5130 Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 37 9:5200 Common Law Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 38 9:5210 Formal and Procedural Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 38 9:5220 Substantive Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 39 9:5221 Inadequate Notice or Particularity Generally . . . . . . 9 - 39 9:5222 Notice of Consequences and Penalties . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 44 9:5223 Reference to the Statutory Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 46 9:5224 Disclosure of Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 47 9:5300 Specific Statutory Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 48 9:5400 General Procedural Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 50 9:5410 Ontario’s Statutory Powers Procedure Act . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 50 9:5411 Section 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 50 9:5412 Section 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 51 9:5420 Alberta’s Administrative Procedures and

Jurisdiction Act . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 53

9:6000 DISCLOSURE OF EVIDENCE BY A PARTY . . . . . . 9 - 54 9:6100 Discovery and Production Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 54 9:6200 The Stinchcombe Disclosure Requirements . . . . . . . . . 9 - 55 9:6210 Disclosure Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 56 9:6220 Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 59 9:6221 Privilege . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 59 9:6222 Irrelevant Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 62

9:7000 DISCLOSURE OF EVIDENCE BY THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 63

9:7100 The General Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 63 9:7200 Reports To The Agency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 66 9:7300 Access to Agency Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 70 9:7400 Confidential Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 71 9:7410 The General Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 71 9:7420 The Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 73 9:7421 Informers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 73 9:7422 Public Interest Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 74

9:8000 DELAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 77 9:8100 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 77 9:8200 At Common Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 78 9:8210 The General Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 78

Page 35: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 35 December 2014

9:8220 Unreasonable Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 80 9:8230 Prejudice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 83 9:8240 Remedies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 85 9:8300 The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms . . . . . 9 - 86 9:8310 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 86 9:8320 Sections 11(b) and 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 87 9:8330 Unreasonable Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 88 9:8340 Prejudice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 88 9:8350 Remedies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 90 9:8400 Statutory Time-Limits and Timeliness Provisions . . . 9 - 90 9:8410 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 90 9:8420 Mandatory Time-Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 92 9:8430 Invalidating Non-Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 94 9:8440 Non-Invalidating Non-Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 95

9:9000 ADJOURNMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 96 9:9100 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 96 9:9110 At Common Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 96 9:9120 Express Statutory Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 97 9:9200 Review of the Exercise of Discretion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 1009:9210 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 1009:9220 Declining Jurisdiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 1029:9230 Fettering Discretion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 1029:9300 Adjournments and the Duty of Fairness . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 1039:9310 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 1039:9320 Inadequate Notice and Non-appearance . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 1049:9330 Production and Rebuttal of Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 1059:9340 Representation by Counsel And Obtaining an

Interpreter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 1079:9350 Pursuit or Defence of Related Proceedings . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 1109:9400 “Self-help” and Other Remedies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 113

CHAPTER 10

THE HEARING AND PARTICIPATORY RIGHTS

10:0000 THE RIGHT TO PARTICIPATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 1 10:0100 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 1 10:0200 Common Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 1 10:0300 Legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 2

Page 36: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 36 December 2014

10:0400 Constitutional Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 3

10:1000 ORAL HEARINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 3 10:1100 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 3 10:1200 Determining When an Oral Hearing is Required . . . 10 - 6 10:1210 Interests at Stake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 7 10:1211 Nature of the Issue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 8 10:1212 Type of Decision-Making . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 9 10:1213 Decision-Maker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 10 10:1300 Restricting the Hearing or Submissions . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 11 10:1400 Subsequent Hearing Curing Earlier Breach . . . . . . . 10 - 12 10:1500 Waiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 13 10:1600 Administrative Procedures Legislation . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 13 10:1700 Obligation to Make a Transcript . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 14

10:2000 IN CAMERA HEARINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 17 10:2100 Public or Private Hearings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 17 10:2110 Common Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 17 10:2120 Legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 18 10:2130 The Charter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 19 10:2200 Publication Bans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 20 10:2300 Specific Instances Relating to In Camera

Proceedings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 23 10:2310 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 23 10:2320 Non-Adjudicative Proceedings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 24 10:2330 Refugee Determination Hearings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 25 10:2340 Professional Discipline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 26

10:3000 THE RIGHT TO COUNSEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 27 10:3100 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 27 10:3110 Common Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 27 10:3120 Legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 29 10:3130 The Constitution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 30 10:3200 Who Qualifies As “Counsel”? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 33 10:3300 Discretionary Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 35 10:3400 Some Specific Contexts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 36 10:3410 Prison and Parole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 36 10:3420 Immigration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 38 10:3430 Professional Discipline and Analogous Proceedings . 10 - 42 10:3500 Waiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 43 10:3600 Tribunal’s Right to Counsel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 43

Page 37: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 37 December 2014

10:4000 THE RIGHT TO AN INTERPRETER . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 44 10:4100 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 44 10:4200 Sources of the Right . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 45 10:4210 Common Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 45 10:4220 Statutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 45 10:4230 Canadian Bill of Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 46 10:4240 The Charter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 47 10:4300 Content of the Right . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 48

10:5000 THE RIGHT TO ADDUCE EVIDENCE . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 50 10:5100 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 50 10:5110 Common Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 50 10:5120 Legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 52 10:5121 Specific Legislative Provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 52 10:5122 General Administrative Procedure Legislation . . . 10 - 53 10:5200 The Form and Manner of Receiving Evidence . . . . . 10 - 55 10:5300 Compelling Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 59 10:5310 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 59 10:5320 Privilege and Self-Incrimination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 61 10:5400 Review of Admissibility Rulings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 63 10:5410 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 63 10:5420 Hearsay Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 66 10:5430 Similar Fact Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 69 10:5440 Character Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 70 10:5450 Expert and Opinion Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 71 10:5460 Extrinsic Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 73 10:5470 Privilege and Public Interest Immunity . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 75 10:5480 Evidence Obtained in Breach of the Charter . . . . . . 10 - 79

10:6000 THE RIGHT TO CROSS-EXAMINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 80 10:6100 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 80 10:6110 Common Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 80 10:6120 Statutory Provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 83 10:6130 Constitutional Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 85 10:6200 Extent of the Right to Cross-Examine . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 86 10:6300 Permissible Restrictions on Cross-Examination . . . 10 - 87 10:6400 No Right of Cross-Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 88

10:7000 EXCLUSION OF WITNESSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 91 10:7100 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 91

Page 38: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 38 December 2014

10:7200 Exceptions to Ordering Exclusion of Witnesses . . . . 10 - 92 10:7210 Parties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 92 10:7220 Experts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 93

10:8000 OFFICIAL NOTICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 94 10:8100 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 94 10:8200 Statutory Provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 95 10:8300 The Scope of Official Notice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 97 10:8310 Common Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 97 10:8320 Technical Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 98 10:8330 Specialized Knowledge and Disclosure . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 98

10:9000 THE RIGHT TO MAKE SUBMISSIONS . . . . . . . . . 10 - 10110:9100 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 10110:9200 Statutory Provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 10410:9300 Inadequate Opportunity to Make Submissions . . . . 10 - 10510:9400 Permissible Limitations on the Making of

Submissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 110

CHAPTER 11

INTEREST, BIAS AND INDEPENDENCE

11:1000 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 1 11:1100 Legal Foundations of Disqualification . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 1 11:1110 At Common Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 1 11:1120 Statutory Bases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 1 11:1130 The Charter and the Canadian Bill of Rights . . . . . . 11 - 2 11:1200 Rationales for Disqualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 3

11:2000 PECUNIARY OR PROPRIETARY INTEREST IN THE DECISION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 6

11:2100 The Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 6 11:2200 Disqualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 7 11:2300 No Disqualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 8

11:3000 THE CONCEPT OF REASONABLE APPREHENSION OF BIAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 10

11:3100 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 10 11:3200 The General Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 10

Page 39: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 39 December 2014

11:3300 Variations of the Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 11 11:3310 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 11 11:3320 Tripartite Tribunals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 13 11:3330 Investigations and Preliminary Decisions . . . . . . . . 11 - 14 11:3340 Commercial Decisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 16 11:3350 Policy and Legislative Decisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 17 11:3360 Multi-functional Agencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 19

11:4000 DISQUALIFICATION FOR REASONABLE APPREHENSION OF BIAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 21

11:4100 Lack of Independence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 21 11:4110 Disqualification Found . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 25 11:4120 No Disqualification Found . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 27 11:4200 Overlapping Functions and Judging One’s

Own Cause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 30 11:4210 Disqualification Found . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 31 11:4220 No Disqualification Found . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 33 11:4300 Personal Hostility and Prejudice towards a Party . . 11 - 34 11:4310 Disqualification Found . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 35 11:4320 No Disqualification Found . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 37 11:4400 Relationships between Decision-Makers

and Parties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 41 11:4410 Family and Friends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 41 11:4411 Disqualification Found . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 41 11:4412 No Disqualification Found . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 41 11:4420 Employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 42 11:4421 Disqualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 43 11:4422 No Disqualification Found . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 44 11:4430 Professional or Business Relationships . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 45 11:4431 Disqualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 45 11:4432 No Disqualification Found . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 47 11:4500 Appearances of Unfairness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 48 11:4510 Prejudgment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 49 11:4511 Disqualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 50 11:4512 No Disqualification Found . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 52 11:4520 Prior Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 56 11:4521 Disqualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 57 11:4522 No Disqualification Found . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 58 11:4530 Prior Adjudication Involving the Same Party . . . . . . 11 - 60 11:4531 Disqualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 61 11:4532 Disqualification Not Found . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 63

Page 40: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 40 December 2014

11:4540 Ex parte Contacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 66 11:4541 Disqualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 66 11:4542 No Disqualification Found . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 68 11:4550 Other Disqualifying Behaviour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 69

11:5000 EXCEPTIONS AND DEFENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 71 11:5100 Statutory Authorization of Bias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 71 11:5200 Domestic Tribunals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 76 11:5300 Necessity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 77 11:5400 De Minimis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 79 11:5500 Waiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 79

11:6000 RAISING AN OBJECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 82

CHAPTER 12

REVIEW OF THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS

12:1000 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 1

12:2000 OBTAINING EXTRA-RECORD INFORMATION . . 12 - 2 12:2100 Administrative Adjudication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 2 12:2110 Judicial and Official Notice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 4 12:2120 Taking a View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 6 12:2200 Non-Adjudicative Forms of Administrative

Decision-Making . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 8 12:3000 THE FACT-FINDING PROCESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 9 12:3100 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 9 12:3200 Standard of Proof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 10 12:3300 Burden of Proof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 15 12:3400 Assessing Credibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 17 12:3500 Drawing Negative Inferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 21 12:3600 Establishing Other Presumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 22 12:3700 Considering All of the Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 24

12:4000 OTHER DECISION-MAKING PROCESSREQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 26

12:4100 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 26 12:4200 Quorum Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 27

Page 41: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 41 December 2014

12:4210 Specific Legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 27 12:4211 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 27 12:4212 Death or Disability of a Decision-Maker . . . . . . . . 12 - 29 12:4220 Interpretation Acts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 30 12:4230 The Statutory Powers Procedure Act . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 31 12:4240 B.C.’s Administrative Tribunals Act . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 31 12:4300 Only Those Who Hear Can Decide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 32 12:4310 The General Principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 32 12:4320 Policy Consultations with Other Board Members . . . 12 - 34 12:4321 Those Who Hear Must Decide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 35 12:4322 The Evidence Must Not Be Discussed . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 36 12:4323 The Parties Must Have the Right to Make

Submissions On Any New Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 37 12:4330 Lack of Communication Among Panel Members . . . 12 - 38 12:4340 Delegation of the Hearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 38 12:4341 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 38 12:4342 Statutory Authorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 39 12:4350 Use of Consultants and Lawyers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 40 12:4400 Fettering of Judgment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 42 12:4410 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 42 12:4420 Policies, Rules and Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 43 12:4421 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 43 12:4422 Statutory Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 48 12:4423 Proof of Fettering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 50 12:4430 Agreement, Precedent and Estoppel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 51 12:4440 Dictation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 55 12:4441 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 55 12:4442 Statutory Authorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 56 12:4443 Proof of Dictation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 56

12:5000 REASONS FOR DECISION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 57 12:5100 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 57 12:5200 The Duty to Give Reasons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 59 12:5210 At Common Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 59 12:5211 Reasons and the Duty of Fairness . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 59 12:5212 Drawing Adverse Inferences From an Absence

of Reasons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 62 12:5213 Discharging the Duty to Give Reasons . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 63 12:5214 Reasons and the “Reasonableness” Standard . . . . 12 - 66 12:5220 Statutory Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 67 12:5221 The Statutory Powers Procedure Act . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 68

Page 42: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 42 December 2014

12:5222 The Administrative Procedures and Jurisdiction Act . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 68

12:5223 The Administrative Tribunals Act . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 69 12:5230 Constitutional Guarantees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 69 12:5300 Adequacy of Reasons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 71 12:5310 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 71 12:5320 Adequate Reasons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 74 12:5330 Inadequate Reasons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 81 12:5400 Authorship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 86 12:5410 Preparing the Reasons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 86 12:5420 Signing the Reasons for Decision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 88 12:5500 Remedies for Breach of a Duty to Give Reasons . . . . 12 - 89 12:5510 The Nature of the Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 89 12:5520 Remedial Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 90

12:6000 REHEARING, RECONSIDERING AND VARYING A DECISION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 92

12:6100 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 92 12:6200 The Common Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 93 12:6210 Functus Officio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 93 12:6211 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 93 12:6212 Res Judicata and Issue Estoppel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 97 12:6220 The Limits of the Functus Officio Doctrine . . . . . . . . 12 - 98 12:6221 Legislative and Administrative Functions . . . . . . . 12 - 98 12:6222 Decisions That Are Not Final . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 10012:6223 The “Correction of Errors” Exception . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 10312:6224 Rehearing a Matter to Overcome a Procedural

Mistake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 10412:6230 Reservation of Jurisdiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 10512:6300 Redeterminations Resulting From Judicial Review . 12 - 10712:6310 The Power to Redetermine Following a Court

Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 10712:6320 The Scope and Procedure of a Redetermination . . . . 12 - 10812:6400 Statutory Powers to Rehear, Reconsider and Vary . 12 - 11012:6410 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 11012:6420 Express Statutory Powers to Rehear, Reconsider

or Vary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 11212:6421 Statutory Powers Procedure Act . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 11212:6422 Reconsideration Prior to Appeal or Review . . . . . . 12 - 11212:6423 Construction of an Express Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 113

Page 43: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 43 December 2014

12:6424 Powers Conditional Upon Discovery of “New” Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 115

12:6430 Implied Powers of Reconsideration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 11712:6431 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 11712:6432 Immigration and Refugee Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 11912:6440 The Scope and Procedure of Rehearings and

Reconsiderations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 12212:6441 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 12212:6442 Procedure on Reconsideration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 124

PART IVNON-PROCEDURAL REVIEW

CHAPTER 13THE GRANT OF AUTHORITY

13:1000 GENERALLY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 1 13:1100 The Need For a Grant of Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 1 13:1110 The Prerogative as a Source of Authority . . . . . . . . 13 - 2 13:1120 Contract As A Source of Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 3 13:1200 The Limited Nature of Grants of Authority . . . . . . . 13 - 4 13:1210 Constitutional Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 5 13:1220 Statutory Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 6 13:1300 Interpreting the Grant of Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 7 13:1310 The Modern Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 7 13:1320 Some Interpretive Presumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 10

13:2000 SUBDELEGATING THE GRANT OF AUTHORITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 14

13:2100 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 14 13:2110 “Delegatus non potest delegare” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 15 13:2120 The Validity of Subdelegated Administrative Action:

a Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 17 13:2200 Further Delegation Authorized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 19 13:2210 Express Authorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 19 13:2211 Specific Statutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 19 13:2212 The Interpretation Acts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 20 13:2220 Implied Authorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 20 13:2221 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 20

Page 44: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 44 December 2014

13:2222 The Carltona Doctrine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 25 13:2300 “Administrative” or “Ministerial” Acts . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 28 13:2310 Action Found to be “Ministerial” or

“Administrative” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 30 13:2320 Action Found Not to be “Ministerial” or

“Administrative” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 31 13:2400 The Act of Subdelegating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 32 13:2500 Delegated Legislative Power and the Need for Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 33 13:2510 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 33

13:3000 GRANTS OF AUTHORITY: CONSTITUTIONAL LIMITATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 35

13:3100 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 35 13:3110 Constitutionality of the Power to Delegate . . . . . . . . . 13 - 36 13:3200 The Division of Powers: Sections 91 and 92 . . . . . . . 13 - 37 13:3210 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 37 13:3300 Section 96 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 42 13:3310 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 42 13:3320 Grants of Authority to Provincial Agencies . . . . . . . . 13 - 42 13:3330 Grants of Authority to Federal Agencies . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 44 13:3340 Constitutional Guarantee of Judicial Review . . . . . . 13 - 45 13:3400 The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms . . . . 13 - 45 13:3410 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 45 13:3411 The Analytical Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 45 13:3412 The Constitutional Analysis Stands Alone . . . . . . . 13 - 47 13:3420 Section 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 49 13:3421 Contravention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 50 13:3422 No Contravention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 51 13:3423 Justifiable Contravention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 53 13:3430 Section 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 54 13:3440 Section 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 55 13:3450 Sections 8 - 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 56 13:3451 Section 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 56 13:3452 Sections 9 and 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 57 13:3453 Section 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 57 13:3460 Section 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 59 13:3470 Aboriginal and Treaty Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 64 13:3471 Aboriginal Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 65 13:3472 Treaty Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 65 13:3473 Aboriginal Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 66

Page 45: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 45 December 2014

13:3474 Fiduciary Obligations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 67 13:3475 Duty to Consult and Accommodate . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 68 13:3480 Language Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 71 13:3500 The Canadian Bill of Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 72

13:4000 DETERMINING CONSTITUTIONAL ISSUES . . . 13 - 73 13:4100 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 73 13:4200 The Grant of Authority to Decide Questions of

Constitutional Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 75 13:4210 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 75 13:4220 Express Grants of Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 76 13:4230 Implied Grants of Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 78 13:4240 No Implied Grant of Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 80 13:4300 Authority to Decide Other Challenges to Validity . . 13 - 83 13:4400 Primary Authority of Administrative

Decision-Maker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 84 13:4500 Remedial Powers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 86 13:4510 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 86 13:4520 Courts of Competent Jurisdiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 88 13:4530 The Scope of Remedial Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 89 13:5000 GRANTS OF AUTHORITY LIMITING

JUDICIAL REVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 90 13:5100 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 90 13:5110 Judicial Review and the Rule of Law . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 90 13:5120 Constitutional Guarantee of Judicial Review . . . . . . 13 - 90 13:5130 Preclusive Clauses Signal Curial Deference . . . . . . . 13 - 92 13:5200 Valid Preclusive (or Privative) Clauses . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 92 13:5210 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 92 13:5220 “No-certiorari” Clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 94 13:5230 Finality Clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 96 13:5240 Exclusive Jurisdiction Clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 97 13:5250 Partial Preclusive Clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 9913:5260 Broad Grants of Discretion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 10113:5270 Legislative Ratification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 10213:5280 The Significance of a Preclusive Clause Today . . . . 13 - 103

Page 46: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 46 December 2014

CHAPTER 14

REVIEW OF THE EXERCISE OF AUTHORITY: ADMINISTRATIVE ADJUDICATION

14:1000 OVERVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 1 14:1200 The Traditional Model of Adjudication . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 1 14:1210 Implications of Decision-Making by Adjudication . . 14 - 2 14:1211 A Pre-existing Norm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 2 14:1212 A Neutral Decision-Maker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 2 14:1213 Communication of Proofs and Argument . . . . . . . . 14 - 2 14:1214 Reasoned Decisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 3 14:1220 Administrative Adjudicative Decision-Making . . . . 14 - 3 14:1300 Evolution of Standards of Judicial Review of

Administrative Adjudication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 3 14:1310 Early Formalistic Approaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 4 14:1320 C.U.P.E. v. New Brunswick Liquor Corp. . . . . . . . . 14 - 5 14:1330 Southam: Two Standards of Reasonableness . . . . . . 14 - 5 14:1340 Emergence of a Pragmatic and Functional

Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 6 14:1341 Bibeault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 6 14:1342 Pezim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 7 14:1343 Pushpanathan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 7 14:1344 Dr. Q. v. College of Physicians and Surgeons

of B.C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 7 14:1350 Dunsmuir: Resetting the Approach To Judicial

Review of Administrative Adjudication . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 8 14:1351 Criticism of the Requisite “Pragmatic and

Functional Analysis” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 8 14:1352 The Court’s Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 8 14:1353 Only One Standard of “Reasonableness” . . . . . . . . 14 - 8 14:1354 Nature of Question Presumptively Determinative

of Standard of Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 9 14:1375 Past Determinations of the Standard Should

Govern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 10 14:1400 Standards of Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 10 14:1410 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 10 14:1420 Statutory Standards of Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 11 14:1421 British Columbia’s Administrative Tribunals Act . 14 - 11 14:1422 Subsection 672.78(1) of the Criminal Code . . . . . . 14 - 13 14:1423 Federal Courts Act . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 14

Page 47: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 47 December 2014

14:1430 Common Law Standards of Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 15 14:1431 Correctness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 15 14:1432 Unreasonableness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 15 14:1433 Patent Unreasonableness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 18

14:2000 DETERMINING THE STANDARD OF REVIEW . . 14 - 20 14:2100 A Standard-of-Review Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 20 14:2200 Step One: Classification of the Issues . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 20 14:2300 Step Two: Does the Standard of Review

Follow From the Nature of the Issue? . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 21 14:2400 Step Three: Has the Standard of Review

Already Been Satisfactorily Determined? . . . . . . . . 14 - 22 14:2500 Step Four: Weighing the Several Factors . . . . . . . . . 14 - 24 14:2510 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 24 14:2520 Presence of a Preclusive Clause or Right of Appeal . 14 - 25 14:2521 Preclusive Clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 25 14:2522 Right of Appeal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 26 14:2530 Purpose of the Tribunal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 28 14:2540 Expertise of the Tribunal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 29 14:2541 Expertise Relative to Expertise of Courts . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 29 14:2542 Assessing Expertise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 31

14:3000 FINDINGS OF FACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 38 14:3100 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 38 14:3200 Fact-Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 39 14:3210 Fact-Finding Process as Distinct From the

Finding Itself . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 39 14:3220 Questions of Fact as Distinct from Questions of

Mixed Fact and Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 40 14:3230 Questions of Fact and Opinion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 41 14:3300 Evolution of Standards of Review of Findings

of Fact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 42 14:3310 Early Common Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 42 14:3320 Statutory Reform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 42 14:3321 Ontario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 43 14:3322 British Columbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 43 14:3323 Prince Edward Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 44 14:3324 Federal Courts Act . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 45 14:3330 “Reasonableness” as the Standard of Review . . . . . . 14 - 45 14:3400 Fact-Finding Process Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 46

Page 48: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 48 December 2014

14:3410 “No Evidence” as a Breach of the Duty of Procedural Fairness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 46

14:3420 Other Fact-Finding Process Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 46 14:3500 Standards of Review of Findings of Fact . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 49 14:3510 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 49 14:3511 Rationale for Deference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 49 14:3512 Findings of “Jurisdictional” Facts . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 50 14:3513 Findings of “Constitutional” Facts . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 50 14:3514 Findings By Human Rights Tribunals . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 52 14:3520 Findings of Fact Reviewed for Reasonableness . . . . . 14 - 53 14:3530 Statutory Standards of Review of Findings of Fact . 14 - 54 14:3531 British Columbia’s Administrative Tribunals Act . . 14 - 54 14:3532 Federal Courts Act . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 55 14:3540 Statutory Appeals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 58 14:3541 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 58 14:3542 No Appeal on Questions of Fact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 60 14:3543 Appeal by Way of Trial De Novo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 61

14:4000 QUESTIONS OF LAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 62 14:4100 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 62 14:4200 Procedural and Adjudicative Unfairness . . . . . . . . . 14 - 64 14:4210 No deference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 64 14:4211 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 64 14:4212 Procedural Choices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 69 14:4213 Controlling The Adjudication Process . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 71 14:4300 Questions of Law-Declaration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 71 14:4310 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 71 14:4311 Common Law Standards: Reasonableness and

Correctness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 71 14:4312 The British Columbia Administrative

Tribunals Act . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 72 14:4320 Constitutional Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 72 14:4321 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 72 14:4322 Human Rights Legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 74 14:4330 Vires Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 76 14:4331 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 76 14:4332 Termination of Jurisdiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 80 14:4333 Doubt Will Require A Standard-of-Review

Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 82 14:4400 “General Law” Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 82 14:4410 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 82

Page 49: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 49 December 2014

14:4420 Common Law Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 85 14:4430 General Public Statutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 90 14:4431 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 90 14:4432 Exception: Error not Material to Overall Decision 14 - 93 14:4433 Exception: Statutes Related to the Administrative

Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 94 14:4440 Inconsistent Decisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 95 14:4500 Constitutive or Home Statutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 96 14:4510 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 96 14:4520 The Prevailing Approach to Statutory

Interpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 98 14:4521 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 98 14:4522 Provisions that “Describe, List, and Limit”

Grants of Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 99 14:4523 Remedial Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 99 14:4524 Procedural Powers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 10414:4530 Standard of Review Established by Precedent . . . . . 14 - 10614:4540 Employment-Related Tribunals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 10614:4541 Labour and Employment Tribunals . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 10614:4542 Labour Arbitration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 10914:4543 Workers’ Compensation, Employment

Insurance and other Benefit Tribunals . . . . . . . . 14 - 11614:4544 Pension Tribunals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 11914:4550 Human Rights Commissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 12114:4560 Real Estate and Related Tribunals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 12214:4561 Land Use, Tenancy and Environmental Boards . . 14 - 12214:4562 Assessment Tribunals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 12514:4570 Federal Agencies and Tribunals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 12714:4571 Federal Regulatory Agencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 12714:4572 Immigration and Citizenship Tribunals . . . . . . . . 14 - 12914:4573 Regulation of Indian Affairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 13114:4574 Prison and Parole Decisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 13214:4580 Other Adjudicative Tribunals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 13214:4581 Business and Professional Regulatory Tribunals . 14 - 13214:4582 Privacy Commissioners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 13514:4583 Consent and Capacity and Review Boards . . . . . . 14 - 13814:4584 University Tribunals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 13814:4585 Coroner’s Inquests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 13914:4586 Commercial Arbitration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 139

14:5000 QUESTIONS OF MIXED FACT AND LAW . . . . . . . 14 - 138

Page 50: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 50 December 2014

14:5100 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 13914:5200 Exception: “Extricating” a Question of Law . . . . . . . 14 - 14014:5300 Past Authority as to the Standard of Review . . . . . . 14 - 14214:5310 Federal Agencies and Tribunals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 14314:5311 Regulatory Agencies’ Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 14314:5312 Immigration, Customs and Citizenship . . . . . . . . . 14 - 14414:5320 Employment- and Benefit-Related Decisions . . . . . . 14 - 14814:5330 Human Rights Tribunals’ Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 15214:5340 Real Estate, Environmental and Assessment

Decisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 15514:5350 Other Regulatory Decisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 15614:5360 Procedural Decisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 15914:5400 Administrative Adjudicators’ Exercise of

Discretion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 16014:5410 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 16014:5420 The Meaning of Discretion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 16114:5421 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 16114:5422 “Objective” and “Subjective” Grants of Discretion . 14 - 16114:5430 Traditional Common Law Standard of Review . . . . 14 - 16514:5440 Decision-Making Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 16514:5441 Failure to Take a Relevant Consideration Into

Account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 16914:5442 Considering the Irrelevant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 16614:5443 Failure to Exercise Discretion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 17114:5450 The Current Approach to Determining the

Standards of Review of Discretionary Adjudicative Decisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 172

14:5451 At Common Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 17214:5452 British Columbia’s Administrative Tribunals Act . 14 - 174

CHAPTER 15

REVIEW OF NON-ADJUDICATIVE ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION

15:1000 OVERVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 - 1 15:1100 The Several Types of Non-Adjudicative

Administrative Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 - 1 15:1200 The Three Facets of Review: Vires, Process, and

Merits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 - 2

Page 51: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 51 December 2014

15:1210 Vires: The Scope of the Grant of Authority . . . . . . . . 15 - 2 15:1211 The Language Used to Define the Discretionary Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 - 2 15:1212 The Person or Body Exercising the Power . . . . . . . . . 15 - 3 15:1213 The Impact of the Administrative Action . . . . . . . . . . 15 - 3 15:1220 Review of the Process of Decision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 - 4 15:1221 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 - 4 15:1122 Legitimate Participatory Expectations . . . . . . . . . . . 15 - 4 15:1230 Review of the Merits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 - 5 15:1231 Grounds and Standards of Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 - 5 15:1232 Standard-of-Review Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 - 5 15:1300 Precluding Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 - 6

15:2000 NON-LEGISLATIVE ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 - 6

15:2100 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 - 6 15:2110 Discretionary Non-Adjudicative Action . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 6 15:2120 “Hard to Review” Administrative Action . . . . . . . . . .15 - 11 15:2121 Political or Policy Decisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 11 15:2122 Prosecutorial Discretion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 14 15:2130 Standard-of-Review Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 15 15:2131 No Duty to Give Reasons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 15 15:2132 Duty to Give Reasons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 16 15:2200 Vires Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 18 15:2210 The Standard of Review is Correctness . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 18 15:2220 Failure to Fulfil a Condition Precedent . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 19 15:2230 Exceeding the Terms of the Grant of Authority . . . . .15 - 20 15:2240 Using a Discretionary Power for an Improper

Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 21 15:2241 Improper Purpose as a Vires Issue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 21 15:2242 Improper Purposes and Materiality . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 24 15:2300 Errors in the Process of Exercising Discretion . . . . .15 - 24 15:2310 Basing a Decision on Irrelevant Factors . . . . . . . . . .15 - 25 15:2311 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 25 15:2312 Materiality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 26 15:2320 Failure to Consider Relevant Factors . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 27 15:2321 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 27 15:2322 Fettering Discretion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 31 15:2330 Unlawfully Failing to Exercise Discretion . . . . . . . . .15 - 32 15:2400 Review of The Merits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 33 15:2410 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 33

Page 52: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 52 December 2014

15:2420 Evolution of “Unreasonableness” as a Standard of Review of Non-adjudicative Administrative Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 34

15:2421 Review Prior to Baker v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 34

15:2422 Baker v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 35 15:2423 Suresh, Lake and Dunsmuir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 35 15:2423 Alberta Teachers’ Association and Agraira . . . . . . . .15 - 36 15:2430 Review For Reasonableness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 37 15:2431 The Reasonableness Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 37 15:2432 The Standard Applied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 38 15:2440 Discrimination, Arbitrariness and Bad Faith . . . . .15 - 44 15:2441 Discrimination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 44 15:2442 Arbitrariness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 47 15:2443 Bad Faith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 47

15:3000 DELEGATED LEGISLATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 50 15:3100 Categories of Delegated Legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 50 15:3110 Orders-in-Council . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 50 15:3120 Regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 51 15:3130 Bylaws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 51 15:3140 Resolutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 52 15:3150 Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 53 15:3160 Quasi-Legislation: Guidelines, Directives

and Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 54 15:3200 Vires Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 55 15:3210 Express and Implied Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 55 15:3220 The Standard of Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 57 15:3221 Correctness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 57 15:3222 Reasonableness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 59 15:3230 Construction of the Grant of Authority To

Enact Subordinate Legislation and Bylaws . . . . . .15 - 61 15:3240 Policies of Clear Statement and Presumptions . . . . .15 - 61 15:3241 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 61 15:3242 Confiscation of Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 62 15:3243 Retroactivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 62 15:3244 Subdelegation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 63 15:3250 Failure to Fulfil a Condition Precedent . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 63 15:3260 Conforming to the Enabling Statute: “Purposes

and Objects” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 65

Page 53: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 53 December 2014

15:3261 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 65 15:3262 Exception: Cabinet Enactment of Subordinate

Legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 69 15:3263 “Regulating” not “Prohibiting” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 70 15:3264 “Regulating” and “Licensing” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 72 15:3265 “Regulating” or “Taxing” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 73 15:3270 Conflict with Enabling Legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 74 15:3280 Conflict with Other Statutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 77 15:3281 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 77 15:3282 Municipal Bylaws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 78 15:3283 Quasi-Legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 79 15:3290 Conflict with the Constitution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 81 15:3291 Sections 91and 92 of the Constitution Act . . . . . . . . .15 - 81 15:3292 The Charter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 82 15:3293 Section 35 of the Constitution Act . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 83 15:3300 Non-Vires Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 83 15:3310 Municipal Bylaws and Resolutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 84 15:3311 Unreasonableness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 84 15:3312 Discrimination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 86 15:3313 Arbitrariness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 91 15:3314 Bad Faith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 92 15:3315 Vagueness and Uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 96 15:3320 Orders-in-Council and Regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 102 15:3321 Generally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 102 15:3322 Discrimination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 103 15:3323 Vagueness and Uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 - 104

APPENDICES - TABLE OF CONTENTS

Constitutional DocumentsCanadian Bill of Rights, R.S.C. 1985, App. III . . . . . . . . . CONST - 3Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, being

Schedule B to the Canada Act 1982 (U.K.), 1982, c. 11 . CONST - 5Constitution Act, 1987, R.S.C. 1985, App. II, No. 5 . . . . . . CONST - 11

Federal Statutes, Rules and FormsStatutory Instruments Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. S-22 . . . . . . . . . . CAN - 3Inquiries Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. I-11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CAN - 13Federal Court Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. F-7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CAN - 17

Sections 2 (“federal board, commission or other tribunal”),

Page 54: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 54 December 2014

18, 18.1-18.5, 28 and 57

Federal Court Rules, SOR/98-106 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CAN- 23Rules 8, 34, 56-60, 65, 69, 70, 72, 80, 101, 105, 109, 151,152, 165-167, 301-305, 309-313, 317-319, 359, 362-365,369, 371, 392, 394, 397, 399, 400 and 415-418

Forms, Federal Court Rules, SOR/98-106 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CAN - 37Forms 66, 69, 80, 166, 301, 305 and 359

Federal Court Immigration and Refugee Protection Rules, SOR/93-22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CAN - 43

Forms, Federal Court Immigration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CAN - 51Forms IR-1-IR-4

British Columbia Statutes, Rules and FormsPublic Inquiry Act, S.B.C. 2007, c. 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BC - 3Regulations Act, R.S.B.C. 1996, c. 402 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BC - 13Constitutional Questions Act, R.S.B.C. 1996, c. 68 . . . . . . . . . . BC - 15Judicial Review Procedure Act, R.S.B.C. 1996, c. 241 . . . . . . . BC - 17Supreme Court Civil Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BC - 21

Rules 16-1 and 21-3Forms, Supreme Court Civil Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BC - 25

Forms 66, 67 and 68Administrative Tribunals Act, S.B.C. 2004, c. 45 . . . . . . . . . . . BC - 31

Alberta Statutes, Rules, Forms and Practice NotesJudicature Act, R.S.A. 2000, c. J-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AB - 3

Sections 24-26 (Constitutional Questions provision)Public Inquiries Act, R.S.A. 2000, c. P-39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AB - 5Regulations Act, R.S.A. 2000, c. R-14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AB - 9Administrative Procedures and Jurisdiction Act,

R.S.A. 2000, c. A-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AB - 13Alberta Rules of Court, Alta. Reg. 124/2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AB - 19

Rules 3.8(1)-3.24Civil Practice Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AB - 29

No. 2 - Special ApplicationsDesignation of Constitutional Decision Makers Regulation,

Alta. Reg. 69/2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AB - 31

Page 55: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 55 December 2014

Saskatchewan Statutes, Rules and FormsThe Constitutional Questions Act, 2012, S.S. 2012, c. C-29.01 . SK - 3Public Inquiries Act, 2013, S.S. 2013, c. P-38.01 . . . . . . . . . . . . SK - 7The Regulations Act, 1995, S.S. 1995, c. R-16.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . SK - 17The Queen's Bench Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SK - 19

Rules 3.49-3.70Forms, The Queen's Bench Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SK - 25

Forms 3-57, 3-63, 3-64A

Manitoba Statutes, Rules and FormsThe Constitutional Questions Act, C.C.S.M., c. C180 . . . . . . . MB - 3The Manitoba Evidence Act, C.C.S.M., c. E150 . . . . . . . . . . . . MB - 7

Sections 83-96 (Public Inquiries provisions)Court of Queen's Bench Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MB - 11

Rules 13-14, 34, 37, 38, 39.01(4)(5), 56, 59.03(3) and 68Court of Appeal Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MB - 29

Rule 29Forms, Court of Queen's Bench Rules, Man. Reg. 553/88 . . . MB - 31

Form 14B, 37A, 59A

Ontario Statutes, Rules, Forms and Practice DirectionsPublic Inquiries Act, S.O. 2009, c. 33, Sched. 6 . . . . . . . . . . . ON - 3Statutory Powers Procedure Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. S.22 . . . . . ON - 19Judicial Review Procedure Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. J.1 . . . . . . . . ON - 37Legislation Act, S.O. 2006, c. 21, Sched. F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ON - 41Rules of Civil Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ON - 65

Rules 1.03, 3-13, 14.01(3), 14.05, 14.07(1), 14.09, 16, 17, 26, 30-33, 37-39, 40, 56, 59, 61 and 68

Forms, Rules of Civil Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ON - 165Forms 4B, 4F, 14E, 37A, 37B, 38A, 38B, 59A, 68A, 68B and 68C

Practice Directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ON - 175Practice Directions - Superior Court of Justice, Divisional Court - Proceeding to be heard by a Single Judge - 1994

Quebec Statutes and Civil CodeCharter of Rights and Freedoms, CQLR, c. C-12

[S.Q. 1975, c. 6] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PQ - 3An Act respecting Public Inquiry Commissions, CQLR,

c. C-37 [R.S.Q. 1964, c. 11] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PQ - 9

Page 56: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 56 December 2014

Regulations Act, CQLR, c. R-18.1 [S.Q. 1986, c. 22] . . . . . . . . . PQ - 13

Code of Civil Procedure, CQLR, c. C-25 [R.S.Q. 1977,c. 25] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PQ - 17Art. 835.1

New Brunswick Statutes, Rules and FormsJudicature Act, R.S.N.B. 1973, c. J-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NB - 3

Sections 22 and 23 (Constitutional Questions provisions)Inquiries Act, R.S.N.B. 2011, c. 173 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NB - 7Regulations Act, R.S.N.B. 2011, c. 218 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NB - 11Rules of Court of New Brunswick, N.B. Reg. 82-73 . . . . . . . . . NB - 15

Rules 15, 18, 37-39, 47.11, 58, 60.08, 62.14, 69Forms, Rules of Court of New Brunswick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NB - 31

Form 16D, 37A

Nova Scotia Statutes, Rules and FormsConstitutional Questions Act, R.S.N.S. 1989, c. 89 . . . . . . . . . . NS - 3Public Inquiries Act, R.S.N.S. 1989, c. 372 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NS - 5Nova Scotia Civil Procedure Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NS - 7

Rules 3.01, 7.01-7.29Forms, Nova Scotia Civil Procedure Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NS - 17

Forms 7.05, 7.08, 7.12, 7.13 and 7.19

Prince Edward Island Statutes, Rules and FormsJudicial Review Act, R.S.P.E.I. 1988, c. J-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PE - 3Public Inquiries Act, R.S.P.E.I. 1988, c. P-31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PE - 7Rules of Civil Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PE - 9

Rules 13, 17, 37-39, 56 and 68Forms, P.E.I. Supreme Court . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PE - 29

Forms 4B, 4F, 37A, 38A and 68A

Newfoundland Statutes, Rules and FormsJudicature Act, R.S.N. 1990, c. J-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NF - 3

Section 57 (Constitutional Questions provision)Public Inquiries Act, 2006, S.N. 2006, c. P-38.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . NF - 5Statutes and Subordinate Legislation Act. R.S.N. 1990,

c. S-27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NF - 9Rules of the Supreme Court, 1986, S.N. 1986, c. 42, Sched. D . NF - 13

Rules 5, 7, 21, 29.02, 29.08, 29.12, 48, 49 and 54

Page 57: PART I JUDICIAL REVIEW JURISDICTION · page con - 2 december 2014 1:7000 declarations ..... 1 - 67 1:8000 injunctions ..... 1 - 78 chapter 2 the application for judicial review

Page

CON - 57 December 2014

Yukon StatutesJudicature Act, R.S.Y. 2002, c. 128 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . YK - 3

Section 38 (Rules of Court provision)Constitutional Questions Act, R.S.Y. 2002, c. 39 . . . . . . . . . . . . YK - 5Regulations Act, R.S.Y. 2002, c. 195 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . YK - 7Public Inquiries Act, R.S.Y. 2002, c. 117 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . YK - 11

Northwest Territories Statutes, Rules and FormsJudicature Act, R.S.N.W.T. 1988, c. J-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NT - 3

Sections 59 (Constitutional Questions provision) and60 (Rules of Court provision)

Public Inquiries Act, R.S.N.W.T. 1988, c. P-14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . NT - 5Statutory Instruments Act, R.S.N.W.T. 1988, c. S-13 . . . . . . . . NT - 9Rules of the Supreme Court of the Northwest Territories . . . . NT - 13

Rules 23 and 591-606Forms, Rules of the Supreme Court of the Northwest

Territories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NT - 19Forms 4 and 27

Nunavut Statutes, Rules and FormsJudicature Act (Nunavut), S.N.W.T. 1998, c. 34, s. 1

(Sched. A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NU - 3Nunavut Public Inquiries Act . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NU - 5

(NWT Public Inquiries Act)Nunavut Statutory Instruments Act . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NU - 7

(NWT Statutory Instruments Act)Nunavut Rules of Court . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NU - 9

(NWT Rules of Court with appropriate references to the Supreme Court of Nunavut)

Nunavut Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NU - 11(NWT Forms with appropriate references to the Supreme Court of Nunavut)