PART III

Birth Defects Disease Trauma Aging

Patient description

Amount of pain?

Type of pain?

Location?

During which activities?

When did the pain start?

Radiograph

MRI

CT

CT

Bone Scan

Discogram

FAD

Functional Anesthetic Discography

Fusion Replacement

Whole disc

Nucleus

Problems

Materials▪ Properties

▪ Fatigue

Migration

Surgical Procedure

Bonegraft

Artificial

Materials

Stabilizing Implants

Stabilizing Implants

TYPES: TOP LOADING SIDE LOADING MONO-AXIAL POLY-AXIAL LONG-ARM DOUBLE-THREAD TAPERED REVERSE ANGLE

STABLIZED

Does not fuse Pedicle screw loosening Pedicle screw breaks Rod bends Rod breaks Pedicle breaks Vertebral body breaks

Advantages

Lower cost Height restoration

Reduction of adjacent fractures

Safe cement fill

Disadvantages

Uncontained cement fill

No height restorationHigher cost

Must be a new fracture

Thanks…