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Monitoring and Targeting (M&T) - Establishing the facts

Name of Presenter: Dr Andy Lewry

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Building Research Establishment

A world leading centre of expertise for the construction industry providing:

» Research» Consultancy» Information services

to customers worldwide

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Corporate and Management Structure

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Our Staff…

– Over 650 staff

– Over 400 professionally qualified

– Many national and international experts

– An integrated team of professionals

…people at the heart of our business

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BRE’s experience in Energy Efficiency

– 40 years experience since 1970’s oil crisis– 100 professionals working on all aspects of EE in construction– Developed UK Government’s Best Practice programme– Represent UK on concerted action– Demonstration projects and testing on-site– European and international standard work– Modelling team producing UK Govnt software– Rolled out experiences to several other countries – currently

working in the Balkans rolling out the recast EBPD in Albania, Croatia, Serbia, FYI Macedonia, Kosovo and BiH - Federation.

– EcoShopping project in Hungary – Training and CPD courses– Certification schemes to accredit professionals

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Today’s agenda

– Establishing the facts – Monitoring &Targeting (M&T)– Discovering the reasons – Energy Audits– First things out of the toolbox

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What is M&T and the aims?The systematic procedures for the long term “tracking” of energy use and identifying areas for improvement, with the aims of:

–Establishing current consumption

–Comparing use with historical data and benchmarks for similar users

–Setting future targets

–Comparing consumption with these targets

–Identifying trends in consumption and areas for improvement

–Reporting on the above - providing information for energy management action

–Alerts users to irregular patterns of consumptionIt doesn’t save energy in itself

if the information is not acted upon

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Benefits of M&T– Helps to control energy use and costs

– Identify anomalies in consumption - allows any problems to be identified early on and this in turn helps to Identify faults Targets maintenance Identifies operator error Targets training needs In a workplace this is linked to productivity

– Bill validation

– Some systems can produce reports automatically

– Negate the need for manual readings

– If used appropriately, make things a lot simpler for the production manager particularly on large sites

– Large out of range values trigger email alerts so they can be investigated immediately

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Scope of M&T– Some flexibility in definition for various sites depending on

complexity that’s appropriate– A relatively small site may use a manual spreadsheet system, with:

invoice checking monthly consumption checking with basic targets

– Larger sites with energy costs of more than say £250k/yr might consider a specific M&T software solution - Need to consider costs in system choice: Initial outlay for software – data collection + analysis Possible expenditure on licences Cost of updating current metering Infrastructure Cost of adding more meters – “meter net” Subscription to manufacturer for maintenance, IT support Additional fees for upgrades and extra licences Cost of any training Staff time

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M&T process – four steps

Step 1

Data collectionStep 2

Data analysis

Step 3

Reporting

Step 4

Action

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Initial data analysis– Not much you can do without getting the data first – bills, meters...

– Use visuals - Histograms / line plots

Use vs time for day and night where half hourly data available

Plots for weekdays and weekends

Take readings at consistent times in each time period

Even where only monthly data is available, can take manual reading at end of Friday and beginning of Monday for comparison

Look for trends, does use match occupancy and do long term changes match changes in output?

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Precedent-based targeting

This type of analysis is called Precedent-based targeting

–A method in which, usually, monthly consumption is gauged against the same month a year before

–Simplistic because it assumes that:

conditions were indeed comparable in the precedent month

no waste had occurred which would inflate the target for the period being assessed

–Precedent-based targets can also be applied to half-hourly or other high-frequency data

define a profile ‘template’ on the basis of historical performance

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Base loads– Is base load unusual?

For 8-12 hr occupancy night loads should generally be very small (approaching zero)

Possible exceptions for IT servers/ chiller plant

< 10% of the typical day consumption For 24 hr occupancy with significant night occupancy

Not more than 40%

– Particular attention to consumption at start and end of occupied periods Earlier use than anticipated – are services coming on sooner than

required

Is consumption still high in evenings?

Could services be backed off or completely shut down earlier?

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Profiles

– Profile shape Can identify items of plant and machinery switching on and off

Are there changes?

Can indicate poor control or malfunction Plant

Perhaps can identify when plant is running and the need for portable or sub-metering

– Spikes / peaks – poor control?

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Exception reporting

– When the usage is out of the limits expected

– Therefore needs to be investigated

– May be possible to program the software to: Send an email alert to staff alerting them

Gives them location, situation and requests them to investigate.

Should have an alert when no data is collectedo due to a meter failure

o a communication failure between the meter and data collection device

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Targeting

– Targets are either the “expected” energy consumption for an end use / fuel

– Serve as a reference that enables, with further analysis Identification of excess / underuse of energy Highlights trends Observation of changes of energy use when changes are made (to the

machinery or services for example)

– Overall can highlight problem areas and unexpected changes to the system

– Essential part of energy analysis – if you don’t have an idea of what it should be then hard to draw conclusions

– Targets should then be revised to an improved performance level that aims to stimulate drives for improvement

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Methods of target setting

– Same period last year

– Benchmarks

– Modelling

– Performance based targets Energy use determined by measurable “driving factors” Driving factors “cause” the consumption and hence a definable

relationship Can then produce performance lines to relate driving factors to

expected use as the basis of a target– Targets should be reviewed (annually perhaps) with on-going

actions

– Activity-based targeting?

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Reporting

– Tailored Reports for management and key persons responsible for energy in the business sectors

– Some M&T software can produce automatically

– Keep the data relevant and concise – information overloads mean they’re ignored

– Frequency tailored to requirement

Perhaps annually for general report Quarterly for finance Monthly for budgeting Weekly for production More frequent if targets not met/exceeded significantly or a program of

action recently implemented

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Actions

– Iterative and continuous process

– Review data and obtain feedback

– Look for areas of concern / possible improvement

– Determine actions

– Implement

– Monitor……

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Energy surveys and auditsEN 16247-1

Discovering the reasons

Preliminary audit - Data-based methods

Planning

Site audit & Survey• Supply side• Demand side• Management• Staff• Business Drivers

Findings and Business case

Implementation

M&T

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The value of energy auditing

– Pulls all the relevant data together

– Identifies data gaps

– Maps the organisation

– Identifies the organisation’s needs

– Is organisation specific

– Provides a snap-shot of where an organisation is in terms of Energy Management

– Identifies opportunities for savings and barriers to implementation

– The data collected can also be used to create meaningful improvement targets through the application of data analysis

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Should be part of a larger structured energy management programme

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What is an Energy Audit - BS EN 16247-1:2012

– Systematic inspection and analysis of:– energy use and energy consumption of a

• site • building • system • Organisation• Includes process and transport usage

– With the objective of:– Identifying energy flows – Identifying potential for energy efficiency improvements – Reporting energy efficiency improvements

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Energy surveys and audits: A guide to best practice

Author: A Lewry, BRE

Reference: IP7/13

ISBN: 978-1-84806-329-7

Publication date: 5/5/13

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Space heating and cooling – never at the same time!

First things out of the toolbox

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An illustration of the potential energy savings from plant optimisation

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Performance of controls

– Can be assessed by BS EN 15232:2012

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Indicative savings

C(Reference)

Non energyefficient

Offices 0.00 33.77 47.02 53.64Lecture hall 0.00 19.35 39.52 59.68Education buildings (schools)

0.00 16.67 26.67 33.33

Hospitals 0.00 23.66 30.53 34.35Hotels 0.00 23.66 35.11 48.09Restaurants 0.00 18.70 37.40 44.72Wholesale and retail trade servicebuildingsOther types:- sport facilities- storage- industrial buildings- etc.

Non-residential building types

% savings from D

D B A

Standard Advanced High energy performance

0.00 35.90 53.21 61.54

N/A

* These values highly depend on heating / cooling demand for ventilation.

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Questions?Dr Andy Lewry lewrya@bre.co.uk

+44 (0)1923 66 4359 Visit http://www.bre.co.uk/page.jsp?id=1790

IP1/14 Understanding the choices for building controls (Siemens and ESTA)

IP2/14 Operating BEMS - A practical guide to building energy management systems (Schneider electric and ESTA)

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Discount code BRE14

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Thank you for listeningIntroducing LIVE Tutorials this Autumn: Energy Management–Learn at your desk, at home or even from your mobile

–Have your questions answered in real time

–3 tutorials, covering:

1. Energy Management Systems2. Bridging the Performance Gap3. Investment in Energy Efficiency

To register your interest:– Email Jo Goodwin today (goodwinj@bre.co.uk)