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Physical property is a property that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance.
Physical Properties
Examples: viscosity conductivity malleability hardness magnetism
melting point boiling point density color
Physical Properties
Physical properties are used to identify, describe and classify matter.
Characteristic of a substance that can be observed (using your senses) without changing the substance into something else.
Hardness Texture Color
Odor Taste Temperature
Examples of Physical Properties
Viscosity of a substance is its resistance to flow.
Examples: water = low viscosity
honey = high viscosity
Conductivity is a material’s ability to allow heat to flow.
Examples: metal = high conductivity
wood = poor conductivity
Examples of Physical Properties
Malleability of a substance is its ability to be hammered into a thin sheet
Melting and Boiling points are the temperatures at which a solid becomes a liquid and a liquid becomes a gas.
Density of a substance is the ratio of its mass compared to its volume.
Physical Properties to separate mixturesTwo common separation methods:
Filtration – process that separates materials based on the size of their particles.
Distillation – process that separates the substances in a solution based on their boiling points.
Physical ChangeA change in the appearance, without changing the composition of the material.
• Can be reversible, or irreversible• Substance may seem different, but
the way the atoms link up is the same.
It is a physical change if . . .
It changes shape or size
Or the substance changes phase.
It dissolves.
Chemical property is any ability to produce a change in the composition of matter.
Chemical Properties
flammability
reactivityMaterial’s ability to burn in the presence of oxygen.
How readily a substance combines chemically with other substances.
Examples of chemical properties . . .
Chemical ChangesChemical changes occur when a
substance reacts and forms one or more new substances.
Formation of a precipitate.
A change in color.
Production of a gas.
You know a chemical change has occurred when . . .
Chemical Properties
Chemical properties are characteristics involved when a substance interacts with another substance to change its chemical make-up.
Flammability Rusting Creating gas bubbles
Creating a new chemical
product
Reactivity with water
pH