Part_24_Safety Signs in Workplaces

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ADCO – Safety Signs in Workplaces

Volume : 10 (HSE) Revision: 1

Part : 24 Date: 11/08

Section: Table of Contents Page: 3 of 83

TABLE OF CONTENTS

24.1 INTRODUCTION

24.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

24.3 GLOSSARY AND DEFINITIONS

24.4 SAFETY SIGNS

24.5 TYPES OF SIGNS

24.5.1 Prohibition Signs

24.5.2

Mandatory Signs24.5.3 Warning (Hazard) Signs24.5.4 Safe Condition Signs24.5.5 Fire Equipment Signs

24.5.6 Supplementary Signs24.5.7 Multiple Signs as a Means of Communicating Complex Safety Messages24.5.8 Composite Signs

24.6 DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOR PRODUCT SAFETY LABELS

24.6.1 Hazard Severity Panel

24.6.2 Layout of Safety Marking

24.7 PRODUCT SAFETY LABEL DEVELOPMENT CONSIDERATIONS

24.7.1 Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment24.7.2 Determination of Target Audience24.7.3 Size and Legibility of Product Safety Labels24.7.4 Placement of Product Safety Labels

24.7.5 Durability of Product safety Labels

24.8 LAYOUT OF SAFETY MARKINGS

24.8.1 Safety Marking for Indicating Hazard Locations24.8.2 Safety Marking for Indicating Prohibition or Location of Fire Equipment24.8.3 Safety Marking for Indicating a Mandatory Instructions24.8.4 Safety Marking for Indicating a Safe Condition

24.9

COLOUR CODE FOR MARKING PHYISCAL HAZARDS

APPENDICES

Appendix A: Table 3 – Examples of Hazard Pictorials (Symbols)Appendix B: Table 4 – List of All Safety Signs

B.1 Prohibition SignsB.2 Mandatory Signs



Document No: CRP-HSE-10-24

ADCO - Safety Signs in Workplaces


Part : 24 Date: 11/08

Section : Table of Contents Page: 4 of 83

B.3 Hazard SignsB.4 Safe Conditions SignsB.5 Fire Equipment Signs

B.6 Signs with No Specific Safety MeaningB.7 Fire Safety Notices

Appendix C: Checklist for Safety Signs Applicant/ Requester

REFERENCESo

ISO 3864-1: 2002(E): Design Principles for Safety Signs in Workplaces and

Public Areas;o ISO 3864-2: 2004(E): Design Principles for Product Safety Labels;o

ISO 3864-3: 2006(E): Design Principles for Graphical Symbols for Use in

Safety Signs;o ISO 6309: 1987 (E/F): Fire Protection – Safety Signso ISO 7010:2003(E) – Graphical Symbols – Safety Colours and Safety Signs

– Safety Signs Used in Workplaces and Public Areas;o

ISO 17724 – Graphical Symbols Vocabulary;o ANSI Z535.3-2007: Criteria for Safety Symbolso

BS 5499-1:2002: Graphical Symbols and Signs _ Safety Signs, IncludingFire Safety Signs – Part 1:Specification for Geometric Shapes, Colours andLayout;

o BS 5499-4:2000: Safety Signs, Including Fire Safety Signs – Part 4: Code

of Practice for Escape Route Signing;o

BS 5499-1:2002: Graphical Symbols and Signs _ Safety Signs, IncludingFire Safety Signs – Part 5:Signs with Specific Safety Meanings;

o BS 5499-6:2002: Graphical Symbols and Signs _ Safety Signs, Including

Fire Safety Signs – Part 6: Creation and Design of Graphical Symbols forUse in Safety Signs – Requirements.

o OSHA - 29 CFR 1910.144 Safety Color Code for Marking Physical Hazards





Part : 24 Date: 11/08

Section 24.1: Introduction Page: 5 of 83

24.1 Introduction

This Part covers requirements for safety signs/ colour markers and labels thatare to be used to visually alert and inform personnel of potential hazards in all

ADCO facilities (worksites and public areas).

The diversity of culture, background and multilingual nature of ADCO andContractors workforce requires a clear visual and standardised alerting system

for safety signage.

Safety signs are only used when all other controls have been considered butthe hazard remains. It is known to all, that hierarchy of control should follow

the priority order:1.

removal of the hazard (elimination);

2.

substitution of the hazard (e.g. with less hazardous or alternatives);

3.

mitigation/ control of hazard (e.g. barriers, interlocks, access control,

etc.);

4.

provision of PPE and training; and by5.

provision of safety signs to warn of the hazard.

Overuse of safety signs must be avoided. Sign blindness can be caused, if too

many signs are used in the same area to describe one or more hazards.

Signs are to be maintained to ensure that they are clearly visible and that

they warn of hazard effectively in all levels of lighting from the maximum

distance at which the hazard exists.

The selection and application of safety signs shall be determined by the Safety

& Loss Prevention Department in each Field / Terminal, and by GSRD in Abu

Dhabi ADCO main offices. Those responsible for affixing these messages shalluse a degree of common sense on the number and identification of main risks

and hazards, a checklist has been attached in Appendix C as a guideline.







Part : 24 Date: 11/08

Section 24.3: Glossary and Definitions Page: 7 of 83

24.3 Glossary and Definitions

For the purpose of this document, the following definitions will be applied:

Safety sign

Sign that gives a general safety message, by means of a combination of a

safety colour and a geometric shape and which, by the inclusion of graphicalsymbol, gives a particular safety meaning.

Graphical symbol

Visually perceptible figure with a particular meaning used to transmit

information independently of language

Safety colour

Specific colour to which a safety meaning is attributed

Safety marking

Marking which adopts the use of safety colours and/or safety contrast colours

to convey a safety message or render an object or location conspicuous.

Escape route

Route forming part of the means of escape from any place in a premises to a

final exit

Escape route signSign directing people along escape routes towards exits.

Means of escapeStructural means whereby safe routes are provided for persons to travel from

any place within a premises to a place of safety

ExitDoorway or other suitable opening leading to a place of safety

Final exitTransient point between an escape route and a place of safety

Place of safety

Predetermined place in which persons are in no immediate danger from theeffects of a fire

Travel distance

Actual distance that a person needs to travel within building to the nearest

exit, allowing for the layout of walls, partitions and fittings.






Part : 24 Date: 11/08


Fire equipment sign

Safety sign that indicates the location or identification of fire equipment or

how it should be used graphical symbol visually perceptible figure with a

particular meaning used to transmit information independently of language.

Hazard signSafety sign that indicates a specific source of potential harm

Mandatory sign

Safety sign that indicates that a specific course of action is to be taken

Prohibition signSafety sign that indicates that specific behavior is forbidden

Safe condition sign

Safety sign that indicates a safety action, the location of safety equipment ora safety facility, or an escape route

Supplementary sign

sign that is supportive of a safety sign by providing additional clarification

Illumination,A sign with means of illumination, such means being either an integral part of

the sign or external to the sign.

Note 1 - External illumination may be in the form of floodlighting luminaries.

Note 2 - Integral illumination may consist of light sources within the sign,providing back illumination of a translucent (or transparent) face carrying the

sign message; or may consist of light sources fixed to the sign face and

comprising an integral part of the message.

Internally illuminated sign

Sign made of transparent or translucent materials which are illuminated from

the inside or the rear so as to give the appearance of a luminous surface

Photo luminescent sign

Non-electrical sign incorporating phosphors that, if excited by UV or visibleradiation, store energy, which is emitted as light over a period of time

Caution

Signal word used to indicate a potentially hazardous situation which, if not

avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury






Part : 24 Date: 11/08


Warning

Signal word used to indicate a potentially hazardous situation which, if not

avoided, could result in death or serious injury

Danger

Signal word used to indicate an imminently hazardous situation which, if notavoided, will result in death or serious injury

Combination product safety label

Combination of product safety sign and/or supplementary safety information

and/or hazard severity panel on one rectangular label

HarmPhysical injury and/or damage to health or property

Hazard

Source of potential harm

Risk

Combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that

harm

Residual riskRisk remaining after protective measures have been taken

Safe viewing distance

Distance a person can be from the product safety label while still able to readthe label accurately and have the opportunity to follow the product safety

label’s message.

Signal word

Word that calls attention to a product safety label and designates a category

of risk.

Product safety label

Label on a product that informs the observer of one or more potential hazards

and describes the safety precautions and/or actions required to avoid thehazard(s)





Part : 24 Date: 11/08

Section 24.4: Safety Signs Page: 10 of 83

24.4 Safety Signs1

24.4.1 Purpose of Safety Colours and Safety Signs

o

The purpose of safety colours and safety signs is to draw attentionrapidly to objects and situations affecting safety and health and to gain

rapid understanding of specific message.

o

The safety colour coding serves to identify and give meaning (through

training and/or repeated exposure) to the product safety signs and

labels as a whole and to its component parts.

o

Safety signs shall be used only for instructions which are related tosafety and health

24.4.2 General Meaning of Geometric Shapes and Safety Colours

The general meaning assigned to geometric shapes, safety colours and

contrast colours for safety signs is given in Table 1.

24.4.3 Positioning of Safety Signs

o

When identifying the location of safety signs, consideration should be

given to the hazard of feature that they are marking and its position.

o

Signs should be:

1.

located when and where needed, so that they grab the attention;

2.

in a conspicuous position (ideally in line of sight);3.

in a suitable format (brief, understandable and attention grabbing),

and;

4.

annotated only with information needed.

24.4.4 Overuse of Safety SignsSign blindness is an important consideration for the applicant and surveyor

and is created by the presence of too many signs in one place. Sign

blindness can lead to confusion or to the information being ignored. If thehazard(s) indicated are unclear, then the risk of injury or accident is

significantly increased. In order to establish whether or not a safety sign is

required at the access to a compartment/ area the following points must beconsidered:

1 ISO 3864-1:2002(E)





Part : 24 Date: 11/08


1.

What are the hazards contained within the compartment/area under

consideration2?

2.

Are these hazards global to the compartment/ area or specific to

equipment?3.

What is the level of risk:

a.

Under normal operating conditions?b.

In emergency situations, e.g. fire, oil/chemical spill?

Signs will be most effective if warnings contain information on possible

injuries or consequences. This helps motivate users to know why theyshould comply. Therefore effective signs should indicate actions to avoid a

hazard in a reliable and timely manner. Personnel are most likely to complywith mandatory signs if safety equipment (gloves, masks, etc.) is located

close at hand or supplied with the warning.

2 Refer to Appendix A





Part : 24 Date: 11/08


Table 1 – General meaning of geometric shapes, safety colours and contrast colours





Part : 24 Date: 11/08

Section 24.5: Types of Signs Page: 13 of 83

24.5 Types of Signs

There are five types of signs, together with a supplementary sign, which use

the standard colours and shapes appropriate to purpose3:1.

Prohibition signs;

2.

Mandatory signs;

3.

Warning (Hazard) signs;4.

Safe Conditions signs (including escape route signs); and

5.

Fire equipment signs

24.5.1 Prohibition Signs

A prohibition safety sign indicates the following:

o

You must not or,

o

Do not do or,

o

Stop

Layout & Specifications – See Figure 1

Figure 1

3 Refer to table 1





Part : 24 Date: 11/08


Geometric shape A circle

Safety colour Red, covering at least 35% of thearea of the sign excluding anyborder

Description A red circular band and a rednegation bar at 45° descending

diagonally from left to right throughthe centre of the circle.

Thickness of circular band 0.1 of thesign height, thickness of the crossbar 0.08 of the sign height

Background Colour white

Contrast colour White

Graphical symbol Colour black, placed centrally on the

background so that it does notobliterate the negation bar.Graphical symbol partiallyobliterated by the negation bar

Border Colour white, recommended width

at least 0.025 of the sign height.

Example





Part : 24 Date: 11/08


24.5.2 Mandatory Signs

A mandatory safety sign indicates the following:

o

You must do or;

o

Carry out the action given by the sign


Figure 2

Geometric shape A circle

Safety colour Blue

Background Safety colour (blue), covering atleast 50% of the area of the sign

excluding any border.

Contrast colour White

Graphical symbol Colour white, placed centrally on thebackground.



Example





Part : 24 Date: 11/08


24.5.3 Warning (Hazard) Signs

A warning safety sign indicates the following:

o

Caution or;

o

Risk of danger or;

o

Hazard ahead.


Figure 3

Geometric shape An equilateral triangle with radiusedouter corners

Safety colour Yellow

Description A black triangular band, width of

band 0.07 of the sign height.

Background Safety colour (yellow), covering atleast 50% of the area of the signexcluding any border.

Contrast colour Black

Graphical symbol Colour black, placed centrally on thebackground.



Example





Part : 24 Date: 11/08


24.5.4 Safe Condition Signs

A Safe condition sign indicates the following:

o

Emergency escape;

o

First aid;

o

Safety equipment.


Figure 4

Geometric shape A rectangle (square or oblong)

Safety colour Green

Background Safety colour (green), covering atleast 50% of the area of the sign

excluding any border.Contrast colour White

Graphical symbol Colour white, placed centrally on the

background.



Example





Part : 24 Date: 11/08


24.5.5 Fire Equipment Signs

A Fire Equipment sign indicates the following:

o

Fire point;

o

Fire alarm;

o

Fire extinguishers

o

Fire fighting equipment.


Figure 5


Safety colour Red

Background Safety colour (red), covering atleast 50% of the area of the sign

excluding any border.Contrast colour White

Graphical symbol Colour white, placed centrally on the

background.

Border Colour white, recommended widthat least 0.025 of the sign height.

Example





Part : 24 Date: 11/08


24.5.6 Supplementary Signs

All types of safety signs may be used with a supplementary text sign if

considered necessary or appropriate.

Safe condition signs (including escape route signs) and fire equipment signs

may be used with supplementary directional arrow sign if considerednecessary or appropriate.


Figure 6


Safety colour Red

Background The safety colour of the associated

safety sign.

Contrast colour The contrast colour of the associatedsafety sign.

Arrow or text The contrast colour of the associatedsafety sign, placed centrally on thebackground.

Border Colour white, recommended width atleast 0.025 of the sign height.

Example





Part : 24 Date: 11/08


24.5.6.1 Supplementary Text Signs – See Figure 7

A supplementary text sign shall only be used in association with a safety sign.

Note 1: the purpose of a supplementary text sign is either to:

o

Give the meaning of the graphical symbol on the safety sign: or

o

Provide more information to expand or particularize the meaning of thesafety sign.

Note 2: where doubt could exist as to the meaning of a graphical symbol

used on a safety sign, a text sign should supplement the safety sign.The supplementary text sign shall be located underneath or above or to the

left or right of the safety sign. Supplementary text signs shall be in English.

Figure 7 - Position assignment for the supplementary signs

Note 3: The English text may be supplemented by text in other languages

(e.g. Arabic or Urdu) conveying the same meaning of the message, whenmore than one language is in common use in the locality, in which the sign is

to be used.

24.5.6.2 Incorporating Signal Words with Hazard Safety Sign

In case of a hazard sign, if it is considered necessary to alert the viewer to the

relative severity of the risk, the supplementary text sign used with the hazard

sign shall include a signal word.

Note 1: Signal words are based on an estimate of the risk and the probableconsequence of exposure to the hazard.





Part : 24 Date: 11/08


One of three signal words shall be used, according to the meaning required,as given in table 2. Only one signal word shall be used with each hazard sign.

When a signal word is used it shall:

1.

precede the other text in the supplementary sign;2.

be more prominent than the rest of the text of the supplementary sign;

3.

be legible at the same viewing distance as the hazard sign

Note 2: Care should be taken to avoid the misuse of signal words.

Note 3: The width of the signal word should be at least the same width as thehazard sign it accompanies, as illustrated in Figure 8.

Figure 8

Table 2: Signal Words for Use with Hazard Signs

Word Meaning

Danger Indicates a hazard with a highly level of risk which, if not

avoided, would be likely to result in death or serious injury.

Warning Indicates a hazard with a medium level of risk which, if not

avoided, could result in death or serious injury.

Caution Indicates a hazard with a low level of risk which, if notavoided, could result in minor or moderate injury.





Part : 24 Date: 11/08


24.5.6.3 Supplementary Directional Arrow Signs

A supplementary directional arrow sign shall only be used in association with

an escape route sign or other safe condition sign or a fire equipment sign.

Only one arrow shall be used with each safety sign.

Combination signs

A graphical symbol sign, a supplementary sign and a supplementary

directional arrow sign may be combined to provide a comprehensive

directional safety message. Examples are given in Figure 9

Left from here Left from here

Right from here Right from here

Straight on Straight on

Fig. 9 Examples of combination signs with directional arrows





Part : 24 Date: 11/08


24.5.7 Multiple Signs as a Means of Communicating Complex Safety

Messages

A multiple signs is a combination sign containing two or more safety signsand/or associated supplementary signs on the same rectangular carrier. An

example of a layout for a multiple sign used to communicate a warning, amandatory instruction to avoid risk of injury and/or provide a prohibition

message is given in Figure 10.

Figure 10 – Examples of multiple signs





Part : 24 Date: 11/08


24.5.8 Composite Signs

Composite signs giving more than one safety message shall not be used.

Graphical symbols shall not be combined to convey more than one safety

message. For example, if a mandatory instruction to wear safety helmets andsafety goggles is required, two signs shall be used. The safety helmet and

safety goggles shall not be combined as one graphical symbol.

Wrong CorrectTwo safety messages shall be shown by two separate signs

Figure 11

A supplementary text sign placed with a safety sign shall not be used to

convey a second safety message. For example, if a safety sign indicating amandatory action to be accompanied by an indication of a hazard, either two

separate signs shall be used or the separate signs shall be combined as a

multiple sign.

Wrong CorrectTwo separate signs or combined in multiple sign

Figure 12





Part : 24 Date: 11/08

Section 24.6: Design Principles for Product Safety Labels Page: 25 of 83

24.6 Design Principles for Product Safety Labels4

The purpose of this section is recognize principles for design of safety labels ofproduct that informs the observer of one or more potential hazards and

describes the safety precautions and/or actions required to avoid the hazard(s)of such product (for examples electrical hazards of AC generator, or mechanical

hazards of a tractor).

24.6.1 Hazard Severity Panel

When a hazard severity panel is used, colour shall be used to identify the

hazard severity panel’s corresponding degree of hazard severity (e.g. DANGER,

WARNING or CAUTION, see Table 3)

Table 3 – General meaning and use of colours in hazard severity panel

ADCO is adopting ISO 3864-2 severity panel which is different from ANSI Z535-

2002 in the area of using the yellow colour for safety warning symbol

regardless of the signal word or severity panel colour.

24.6.2 Signal Word Selection MatricesThe following matrices show the signal words, colours and presence of a safety

alert symbol that are assigned for each combination of incident probability, worst

credible harm, and probability of worst credible harm.

4 ISO 3864-2:2004(E)






Part : 24 Date: 11/08


Probability of incident if hazardous situationis not avoided

Will Could

Will

Probability of

death or serious

injury if incidentoccurs

Could

Minor injury Will/

Could

If the level of hazard severity is to be indicated, a hazard severity panel shall be

added to the top of the combination or multiple product safety labels. Whenhazard severity panels are used they shall be rectangular in shape and as given

in Table 3, shall contain all three elements as follows:

a.

The general warning sign;b.

The signal word;

c.

The corresponding colour.Product safety labels may be used together with supplementary safetyinformation panel that incorporates both a hazard severity panel and additional

information in the form of text that supplements or clarifies the meaning of the

safety sign. The shape of the supplementary safety information panel shall be

rectangular.

Safety sign could be separated from supplementary information text panel,which includes a hazard severity panel OR combined with safety sign and the

supplementary panel in one panel. See Figure 13 and Figure 14






Part : 24 Date: 11/08


Figure 13 – Layout of safety sign with separated supplementary safetyinformation text panel which includes a hazard severity panel

In case of combining product safety label with hazard severity panel, the

hazard severity panel shall be placed at the top of a vertical label or above the

supplementary safety information panel on a horizontal combination product

safety label. See also Figure 15 for more examples of product safety labels.

Figure 14 – Layout of combination product safety labels with a hazardseverity panel





Part : 24 Date: 11/08


Figure 15: Examples of product safety labels

M





Part : 27 Date: 11/08

Section 24.7: Safety Label Development Considerations Page: 29 of 83

24.7 Safety Label Development Considerations

24.7.1 Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment

Prior to developing a product safety label, an assessment of the product’s

hazard and the risk associated with each hazard should take place. Key to this

exercise is evaluating what residual risks remain after protective steps havebeen taken in the design and guarding of hazards and determining which of

these hazards should be addressed with the use of safety labeling.

Information overload in the form of too many product safety labels should be

avoided. For many products, all foreseeable hazards resulting from the use and

possible misuse of the product cannot be warned about in the form of safetylabels. Choices should be made concerning which hazards5 pose the greatestrisk and require a safety label. In the same manner, decision should be made

concerning which hazards need to be addressed in user documentation (e.g.the product packaging, information sheets, operation and service manuals).

24.7.1 Determination of the Target Audience

One of the primary factors to consider when designing or selecting a product

safety label is the intended target audience (i.e. the people who will be using

or servicing the product or who may possibly come in contact with the hazard).Determining the target audience will be helpful in determining the best product

safety label layout for conveying the safety information.

Decision should be made concerning whether to use a safety sign as the

product safety label or a safety sign with a supplementary safety information

text panel. Will a hazard severity panel be used? If words are to be used, will

translation of the message/signal word into other languages be necessary?

Should new product safety labels be developed which better convey thenecessary information? Will training and education be necessary to reinforce

the product safety label’s message? Special considerations may be necessary

depending on whether or not the target audience is the general public or

specially trained personnel.

24.7.2 Size and Legibility of Product Safety Labels

Size of safety signs, legibility and observation distances are important issues tobe considered when designing and posting the safety signs. The colour of the

product safety label should make it conspicuous.

5 See Appendix A for pictorials of some identified hazards





Part : 27 Date: 11/08


This could be achieved by either ensuring that the product safety label is in acontrasting colour to that of the product surface to which it is attached, or by

giving the product safety label a border of contrasting colour.

The size and legibility of a product safety label should be such as to ensurethat the product safety label is sufficiently legible at the safe viewing distance

from the potential hazard. The recommended minimum height h (in mm) of thesafety sign (excluding any border) within the product safety label can be

calculated from the following equation6:

h = D /40

Where, D is the safe viewing distance, expressed in millimeters.

In cases where the only safety sign component is the general warningsign in the hazard severity panel component of a combination product

safety label (see e.g. Figure 15 –M), the minimum height h should bethe height of the supplementary safety information symbol panel.

24.7.3 Placement of Product Safety Labels

Product safety labels should be placed in such a way that they will:a. Be readily visible to the intended viewer, andb.

Alert the viewer to the hazard in time to take appropriateaction.

6 ISO 3864-2:2004(E)

D





Part : 27 Date: 11/08


When feasible, placement of the label should provide protection fromforeseeable damage, fading, or visual obstruction caused by abrasion,ultraviolet light, or substances such as lubricants, chemicals and dirt.

24.7.4 Durability of Product Safety Labels

Product safety labels should have a reasonable expected life with good colourstability, safety sign and safety information symbol legibility, and text legibility

when viewed at a safe viewing distance. Choice of materials and attachment

method should take into account the foreseeable environment of use and theexpected life of the product.






Part : 24 Date: 11/08

Section 24.8: Layout of Safety Markings Page: 32 of 83

24.8 Layout of Safety Markings

24.8.1

Safety Marking for Indicating Hazard Locations

o

The bands are of equal width inclined at an angle of approximately 45°;

o

The colours of safety marking which indicate hazard locations shall be acombination of yellow and contrast black as shown in figure below.

Colour combination: yellow and contrast black

24.8.2

Safety Marking for Indicating Prohibition or Location of FireEquipment

o


o

The colours of safety marking which indicate prohibition or location of fire

fighting equipment shall be a combination of red and contrast white as

shown in figure below.

Colour combination: red and contrast white

24.8.3

Safety Marking for Indicating a Mandatory Instruction

o


o

The colours of safety marking which indicate a mandatory instructionshall be a combination of blue and contrast white as shown in figure

below.

Colour combination: blue and contrast white






Part : 24 Date: 11/08


24.8.4

Safety Marking for Indicating a Safe Condition

o


o

The colours of safety marking which indicate a safe condition shall be acombination of green and contrast white as shown in figure below.

Colour combination: green and contrast white





Part : 24 Date: 11/08

Section 24.9: Colour Code for Marking Physical Hazards Page: 34 of 83

24.9 Colour Code for Marking Physical Hazards7

Red

The basic colour for the identification of:

o

Fire Protection Equipment and Apparatus, used for: fire alarm

boxes, fire blanket boxes, fire buckets or pails, fire exit signs, fire

extinguishers, fire hose locations, fire hydrants, fire pumps, fire sirens,post indicator valves for sprinkler system and sprinkler piping.

o

Danger, used for: safety cans or other portable containers of flammable

liquids having a flashpoint at or below 80° F.

o

Stop, used for emergency stop bars on hazardous machines and stop

buttons or electrical switches used for emergency stopping of machinery.

Orange

The basic colour for designating dangerous parts of machines or energized

equipment which may cut, crush, shock, or otherwise injure, used toemphasize such hazards when enclosure doors are open or when gear belt or

other guards around moving equipment are open or removed, exposingunguarded hazards.

Yellow

The basic colour for designating caution, used for: marking physical hazardssuch as striking against, stumbling, falling, tripping and “caught in /between”.

Solid yellow, yellow and black strips, yellow and black checkers (or yellow with

suitable contrasting background) should be used interchangeably, using thecombination which will attract the most attention in the particular environment.

Green

The basic colour for designating “safety” and the location of first aid equipment(other than firefighting equipment).

Blue

The basic colour for designating “caution” limited to warning against the

starting, the use of, or the movement of equipment under repair or beingworked on. Also used for designating informational signs and bulletin boards.

7 OSHA - 29 CFR 1910.144






Part : 24 Date: 11/08


PurpleThe basic colour for designating radiation hazards (x-rays, alpha, beta,

gamma, neutron, etc.), used in combination with purple for markers such as

tags, labels, signs and floor markers.

Black, White, or Combinations of Black and White

The basic colours for designating traffic and housekeeping markings, solidwhite, solid black, single colour striping, alternate strips of black and white, or

black and white checkers should be used in accordance with local conditions.





Part : 27 Date: 11/08

Appendix A: Table 3 -Examples of Hazard Pictorials Page: 36 of 83

Appendix A:

Table 3 – Examples of Hazard Pictorials (Symbols)






Part : 24 Date: 11/08


Table 3 – Examples of Hazard PictorialsNotices:

a.

Hazards will be identified from a risk assessment. A general prompt list

of potential hazards, which may be met in workplaces are as following:

1.

fire and explosion;

2.

toxic and corrosive effects;3.

radiation effects, ionising and non-ionising;

4.

electric shock;

5.

pressurized gases and fluids;

6.

movement and rotating of equipment;7.

noise and vibration;

8.

inhalation hazards;9.

dust;

10.high and low temperatures;

11.handling and lifting of heavy items;

12.Slips/trips and fall13.traffic and vehicles hazards;

b.

Some examples where signs may be of use to indicate an action is

required to mitigate a potential hazard are given in the non-exhaustivelist below:

1.

Items of equipment which may rotate or move;

2.

hoists, cranes, lifts;3.

workshops, maintenance areas;

4.

forklifts and other trucks;5.

compartments or areas containing hazardous equipment, services or

substances;6.

equipment which contains hazard within it, dangerous voltages,

substances, ionising and non-ionising radiation, noise or vibration

and lasers;

7.

dangerous obstructions such as hand wheels, levers, beams, pipes,etc.;

8.

uncovered holes, pits or openings on the ground;

9.

piping, hoses and equipment containing high pressure air, fluid or

gases.

c.

Those hazards are to identified using the appropriate pictogram aslisted below:






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Pictorial Hazard

Mechanical - hand and armentanglement – chain or toothed belt

drive

Mechanical – hand / fingers

entanglement – rotating gears.

Mechanical – sharp points

Mechanical - crushing fingers or

hands – Force applied from up -mechanical hazards

Mechanical - crushing fingers or

hands – Force applied from side

Mechanical – crushing hand or fingers– Force applied from up and down.

Mechanical – cutting - severing of

fingers or hands – Engine fan

Mechanical - crushing whole body –

Force applied from up






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Table 3 – Cont’d

Pictorial Hazard

Mechanical - crushing by crane

counterweight

Mechanical – runover/ backover and

strike – mobile crane

Mechanical – Crushing – Loader bucket

Mechanical – hand and arm

entanglement by drive belt

Mechanical – entanglement by

machinery

Thermal/ burn contact - hot surfaces

Physical - high pressure spray –

erosion of flesh

Electrical Shock/ Electrocution –

Overhead powerlines






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Pictorial Hazard

Electrical Shock/ Electrocution

Chemical – poisonous fumes or toxic

gases - asphyxiation

Mechanical - thrown or flying objects– face protection is required

Mechanical - thrown or flying objects

– eye protection is required

Chemical - corrosion by dangerouschemicals

Explosion – object exploding

Poison

Flammable






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Pictorial Hazard

Radiation

Laser

Radio frequency hazard

Biohazard

Slip

Trip

Fall from level





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Appendix B: Table 4 – List of All Safety Signs Page: 42 of 83

Appendix B

Table 4 – List of All Safety Signs8

8 BS 5499-5:2002






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B.1 Prohibition Signs






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M






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B.2 Mandatory Signs






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B.3 Hazard Signs






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B.4 Safe Conditions Signs






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B.4 Safe Conditions Signs (Cont’d)






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B.5 Fire Equipment Signs






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B.6 Signs with No Specific Safety Meaning






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B.7 Fire Safety Notices - Mandatory Notices






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Fire Safety Notices – Fire Equipment Notices





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Appendix C: Checklist for Safety Sign Applicant/ Requester Page: 81 of 83

Appendix C:

Checklist for Safety Sign Applicant / Requester





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Appendix C

Checklist for Safety Sign Requester/Applicant

It is recommended that the applicant or requester of safety sign addresses the

following issues, before thinking of a graphical symbol or pictorial thatidentifies safety problem or hazard9.

Me a n i n g

Develop a specific meaning which indicates the safety message to be conveyed

and by which safety sign can be identified.

Example

Meaning: Beware slippery surface

F u n c t i o n

Develop a precise description of the purpose of the safety message to be

conveyed.

Example

Function: To prohibit access by forklift trucks and other industrial vehicles

T y p e o f S i g n

Is the sign a prohibition, mandatory, hazard, safe condition or fire equipment

sign?10

9 See Appendix A: Examples of hazard pictorials

10 See Appendix B: Summary of safety signs





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Fi e l d o f A p p l i c a t i o n

Consider whether the safety sign is intended to be located in public places and

places of work, workplaces only, specific workplaces, or public places only.

I n t e n d e d Ta r g e t A u d i e n c e

Consider whether the target audience is the general public (untrained) or aspecialist (who can be trained).

O t h e r S p e c if i c A u d i e n c e D e t a i l s

Consider factors such as language barriers, special needs, educational level,occupation, sex, cultural background or any other relevant factors.

Co n t e x t o f U s e

Consider the context in which the safety sign to be used, including any specific

items (such as fire alarm call point) that will always be associated with the

safety sign that may influence the degree of understanding.

R i s k

Consider the risk that is intended to be reduced or prevented by the use of the

safety sig.

Ex p e c t e d B e h a v i o u r

Consider the behaviour that is intended to result from correct understanding of

the meaning of the safety sign.

Documents

Part_24_Safety Signs in Workplaces