Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregates by Marble Powder in ... · transportation from natural sources. Marble powder also has cementitious properties and may help in binding the aggregates

International Journal of Technical Innovation in Modern Engineering

& Science (IJTIMES) Impact Factor: 5.22 (SJIF-2017), e-ISSN: 2455-2585

Volume 4, Issue 7, July-2018

IJTIMES-2018@All rights reserved 935

Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregates by Marble Powder in Cement concrete

Pavements

Mohammad Aaqib Khan 1, Prof. (Dr.) M.Raisinghani

2, Mr. Ramoo Ram

3

2M.Tech Student, Department of Civil Engineering, VGU Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

2Vice Chancellor, VGU Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

3Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering, VGU Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

Abstract—The solid waste coming out from the industries will help in the conservation of natural resources. The

marble powder as a waste material coming out from the marble industries by cutting and sawing process and can be

used as the partial replacement of fine aggregates in concrete pavements. Marble powder is present abundantly and

degrades the land on which it is laid. This paper reports the evaluation on the properties of marble dust. The marble

dust used as fine aggregate in replacement of natural sand, as the sand is expensive because of the excessive cost of

transportation from natural sources. Marble powder also has cementitious properties and may help in binding the

aggregates. The marble powder can improve various properties of concrete viz; compressive strength, flexural

strength and reduces the water cement ratio. Marble powder is used at different percentages like 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%

& 50% and are tested after 7, 14, and 28 days. The results are then compared with conventional concrete.

Keywords— Solid waste, fine aggregates, compressive & flexural strength, conventional concrete.

I. INTRODUCTION

In developing countries economical construction material plays very important role in making the country`s

infrastructure economical. Waste material like marble dust play very important role for making its economical. India is

producing about 10% of world production of marble. Marble is a metamorphic rock resulting from the transformation of

pure limestone. A large quantity of marble dust is produced by cutting or sawing process of marble.

The marble powder which is taken from the BHAGWATI MARBLES VKI ROAD, JAIPUR and is free of cost and they

takes the marble rocks from district Makrana, Rajpur, Rajnagar and Jaipur Rajasthan. The name of the marble is given on

the basis of village name. The amount of marble dust produced at Bhagwati Marbles 40 – 45 tonnes per month. The

marble dust which is produced by the cutting of marble stones, during the cutting process the water is added which acts as

the lubricant for the sawing blades (FIG 1). The water is then drained off from the cutting spot and the water along with

the marble powder in the form of slurry is accumulated in rectangular type basin in which the sedimentation of marble

powder occurs and the water which gets evaporated. The marble powder heaps are formed. (Fig 2).

Figure 1 cutting of marble.

International Journal of Technical Innovation in Modern Engineering & Science (IJTIMES) Volume 4, Issue 7, July-2018, e-ISSN: 2455-2585,Impact Factor: 5.22 (SJIF-2017)


Figure 2 Heaps of Marble Powder

II. Materials

a. Marble powder: - Marble powder is collected from the BHAGWATI MARBLES VKI ROAD, JAIPUR.

Marble powder is used as the partial replacement of fine aggregates and is for the construction of the concrete

road pavements.

b. Natural sand:- the natural sand which is having size less than 4.75mm IS- sieve, natural sand having specific

gravity 2.36, and is taken from the Banas River, Tonk, Jaipur, Rajasthan. (Fig 3)

c. Cement:- The cement 0f 43 grade OPC of IS: 8112 -1989 having specific gravity 3.15 is used.

d. Graded coarse aggregate:- coarse aggregates having size more than 4.75 and less than 20mm as per IS: IS:

383-1970 are used.

Figure 3 coarse aggregates

III. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME

A. MIX DESIGN

Mix design for M20 grade of concrete as per IS: 10262- 2009; where M=mix; and 20=characteristics compressive

strength of concrete and mixing ratio is 1:1.53:3.15 with water cement ratio of 0.52

TABLE I

MIX PROPORTION

S.NO

Description Kg/m3

1 Cement 403

2 Fine aggregate 714

3 Coarse aggregate 1500

4 Water 190

5 Water cement ratio 0.52



B. SIEVE ANALYSIS

This test is done as per IS- 2386 1963. In this test particle size distribution is evaluated.

Sand Passing through 4.75 mm sieve

Type of Sieve analysis: Dry

Total weight of sand =200g

Weight of dish = 2888g

TABLE II GRAIN SIZE ANALYSIS OF SAND

IS Sieve

Opening,

mm,µ

Weight of

Dish, g

Weight of

Dish +

Sand

retained (g)

Weight of

Sand

Retained (g)

Cumulative

wt. Retained

(g)

Cumulative %

Retained

% of

passing

4.75 375 375 0 0 0 100

2.36 311 312 1 1 0.50 99.5

1.18 397 414 17 18 9 91

600 415 438 23 40 20 80

300 373 456 83 123 61.5 38.5

150 352 412 60 183 91.5 8.5

Pan 327 344 17 200 100 0

TOTAL 282.5

Therefore fineness modulus of aggregate=cumulative %retained/ 100=285.5/100=2.825

It means that the average value of aggregates is in between the 2nd and 3rd sieve that is average size is in between 0.3mm

to 0.15 mm

Sieve analysis of Marble powder:-

Type of Sieve analysis: Dry

Total weight of marble powder = 500g, Weight of dish = 3188g

TABLE 3 GRAIN SIZE ANALYSES of Marble Powder

IS Sieve

Opening,

mm,µ

Weight of

dish, (g)

Weight of

dish +marble

dust

retained (g)

Weight of

marble dust

retained(g)

Cumulative

wt.

Retained(g)

Cumulative %

retained

% of

passing

4.75 375 375 0 0 0 100

2.36 311 321 10 10 2 98

1.180 397 428 31 41 8.2 91.8

600µ 415 513 98 139 27.8 72.2

300µ 373 555 182 321 64.2 35.8

150µ 352 455 103 424 84.8 15.2

Pan 327 407 71 495 100 0

Total 287

Therefore the fineness modulus of marble powder is = (cumulative % retained) / 100= 287/100=2.87.

Therefore this value indicates that the average value of aggregates is in between 2nd and 3rd sieve that is average

aggregate size lie between 300µ and 600µ.



Graph 1 Gradation of fine aggregates

C. SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF MARBLE POWDER

This test is done as per IS: 2386 part 3 and is used to determine the density of fine aggregate.

Take the sample of sand 500gms and place it in the oven for 24 hours.

Weight of empty pycnometer=M1= 624grams

Weight of pycnometer + Marble powder = M2=624+200=824grams.

Weight of pycnometer + water + Marble powder= M3 = 1648grams.

Weight of water + pycnometer= M4= 1520grams

Specific gravity = M2 – M1

M2−M1 (M3−M4)

= 824-624/(824-624)(1648-1520)

=2.77

D. WORKABILITY OF CONCRETE

This test is done as per IS-1199-1959. This test is used to determine the consistency of fresh concrete. Indirectly

used to checking the correct amount of water that has been added to the concrete.

Table 4 Workability of Concrete

S.No. Name of the test % of marble powder Slump(mm)

1 Slump test

0 67

10 65

20 60

30 65

40 65

50 62

The above table 4 indicates the workability of the concrete by using slump test having water cement ratio 0.52. The table

indicates the slump value of concrete, as the percentage of marble powder is increased beyond 30% the slump value

decreases. To maintain the slump value as per IS-456 2000 water is added to the concrete mix and maintaining the water

cement ratio 0.57.

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

4.75 2.36 1.18 0.6 0.3 0.15 pan

% of passing of marble powder

% of passing of sand



E. COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE

This test is done as per IS: 516 1959[19]. This test gives the idea about the strength of the concrete. The strength of

the concrete depends upon the mix design of the concrete. In this research M20 M means mix and 20 means strength of

20N/mm2 at 28 days design mix has been used. Compressive strength of concrete depends upon the many factors such as

water-cement ratio, cement strength, quality of concrete material, and quality control during production of concrete etc.4

Compressive strength is carried out on cubes having size 15cm x 15cm x 15cm as per IS: 516 1959

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Compression testing machine (2000KN)

Cubes of size 15cm x 15cm x 15cm

Curing tank

Balance (0-10 Kg)

Concrete mixer

Table vibrators

CALCULATION

Compressive strength (kg/cm2) = P / A

Where

P = Maximum applied load just before load, (kg)

A = Plan area of cube mould, (mm2)

Table 5 compressive strength of concrete

S. no. Name of the

test

Percentage

of marble

Compressive strength

after 7 days

Compressive

strength after 14

days

Compressive

strength after 28

days

Compressive

strength

0

Results Avg.

results

Results Avg.

results

Results Avg.

results

1 13.46

13.51

13.37

13.44

17.3

22.75

18.66

19.58

22.3

25.24

24.3

24

10

14.22

15.11

14.66

14.66

20

19.7

19.00

19.56

28.8

28.7

28.7

28.78

20

14.8

15.0

15.5

15.1

26.66

26.30

26.30

26.42

32.6

32.1

33.2

32.6

30

17.4

17.4

17.3

17.36

27.8

27.93

27.950

27.8

34.3

34.1

34.5

34.3

40

15.4

15.5

15.3

15.4

20.44

22.50

22.55

21.85

28.3

29.1

28.6

28.66

50

14.90

14.85

14.80

14.87

17.4

17.00

17.2

17.20

22.2

21.8

21.3

21.76



The above graph (2) indicates the compressive strength of concrete having the partial replacement of fine aggregate with

marble powder at different proportions. When the percentage of marble powder is increased the compressive strength gets

increased up to certain limits (40%) as shown above.

The above graph shows the compressive strength of the concrete at 7 days. It can be clearly seen that there is an increase

in compressive strength, when there is increase in marble powder. Up to 40% of marble powder when increased,

compressive strength also increase but when the addition of marble powder the compressive strength decreases.

Similarly compressive strength at 14 and 28 days gets increased up to 40% replacement of fine aggregate with marble

powder. From the above graphs it is clearly defined as the marble powder up to 40% can be used as the fine aggregate and

give the good strength to the concrete.

F. Flexural strength of concrete

This test is done as per IS: 516-1959[12]. This test is used to determine the flexural strength of concrete usually

done when the road slab having weak sub-grade support and is subjected to vehicle loads or there is change in volume due

to temperature.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

Beam mould: the size of the beam mould depends upon the size of the aggregate i,e beam mould

size 15*15*70 cm when the size of the aggregate is less than 38mm but more than 20mm and beam

mould size 10*10*50 cm when the aggregate size is less than 19 mm

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

0 10 20 30 40 50

Com

pre

ssiv

e S

trn

gth

(N

/mm

2)

Amount of Marble Powder (MP) added (%)

Graph 2: Graph between percentage of MP added & compressive strength

Compressive Strength

compressive strength after 7 days of curing

compressive strength after 14 days of curingcompressive strength after 28 days of curing



Tamping bar.

Plane table vibrator.

Flexural testing machine: the flexural testing machine having capacity of 400KN. The testing

machine consists of two steel rollers (38mm diameter) on which the beam specimen is supported, the

centre to centre distance between the rollers is 60 cm for 15 cm mould and 40 cm for 10 cm mould.

Three points loading is done and the loading is equally distributed between the rollers.(Fig.)

Figure 4 Flexural Testing Machine

Table 6 Flexural strength of concrete

S.No. Name of the

test

% of

marble

Flexural strength after

7 days

Flexural strength after

14 days

Flexural strength after 28

days

1

Flexural

strength

test

0

Average

result Results

Average

results

results

Average results

results

2.35

2.22

1.95

2.17

2.80

3.15

2.90

2.95

3.15

3.35

3.00

3.16

10

2.55

2.6

2.5

2.55

3.00

3.05

2.95

3.00

3.60

3.8

3.8

3.71

20

2.6

2.65

2.72

2.65

3.55

3.58

3.55

3.56

4.00

3.98

4.02

4.01

30

4.09

4.01

4.1

4.06

3.69

3.65

3.68

3.67

4.1

4.08

4.15

4.12

40

3.98

4.00

3.98

3.99

3.2

3.25

3.26

3.24

3.75

3.80

3.78

3.78

50

2.30

2.38

2.32

2.34

2.91

2.85

2.80

2.82

3.20

3.25

3.20

3.20



The bar chart shows the flexural strength of concrete in three distinct days that is at 7 days, 14 days, and 28 day and at

different percentages 0f marble powder i.e. 0%, 10%,20%,30%,40%, and 50%.

This shows that at 0% of marble the flexural strength after 7 days of curing is 2.17N/mm2, after 14 days it is 2.95N/mm2

and after 28 days of cuing the flexural strength is 3.16N/mm2. When the percentage of the marble powder is increased the

flexural strength gets increased. Up to 40% of marble, the concrete beam gives good flexural strength. But when the

percentage of marble powder is further increased the flexural strength gets decreased that is when fine aggregates are

replaced by 40% of marble powder the flexural strength is 3.78N/mm2 and gets decreased when marble powder is used

beyond 40% and having flexural strength at 28 days of curing of 3.20N/mm2.

IV. CONCLUSIONS

The uniformity in the gradation of particles of natural sand and marble powder, the marble powder can be used as

the replacement of fine aggregates (natural sand).

The compressive strength of the concrete gets increased as the percentage of marble powder is increased; the

compressive strength of conventional concrete is 24N/mm2 after 28 days of curing. When fine aggregates are

partially replaced by marble powder at different proportions that is 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% the

compressive strength gets increased up to 40%. Further increase in the marble powder leads to decrease in

strength. For 40% replacement of fine aggregate the compressive strength is 28.66N/mm2.

The flexural strength of the concrete also increases when the fine aggregate is partially replaced by marble

powder. The flexural strength of conventional concrete is 3.16N/mm2 after 28 days, when fine aggregates are

replaced up to 40% the strength increase. Further increase in marble powder will affect the flexural strength.

With the use of marble powder there is reduction in the land degradation, due to this there is reduction in the

environmental pollution.

REFERENCES

[1] Aaquib Sultan Mir,‖A Study on Strength Properties of Rigid Pavements Concrete with Use Of Steel Fibres And

Marble Dust‖. International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Haryana, June 2016.

[2] Baboo rai, khan, naushed H, Abhis, Tabin Rushad S,Duggal s.k ,―Influence of Marble Powder/Granules in concrete

mix‖ international journal of Civil and Structural Engineering,vol 1,no 4,2011.

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

0 10 20 30 40 50

Fle

xu

ral

Str

eng

th (

N/m

m2)

Amount of Marble Powder (MP) added (%)

Graph 3 : Graph between percentage of MP added & compressive strength

Flexural Strength

flexural strength after 7 days of curing

flexural strength after 28 days of curing

flexural strength after 28 days of curing2



[3] Bahar Demirel, ―The effect of using waste Marble Dust as fine sand on mechanical properties of

concrete ‖international journal of physical science, pp 1372-1380 vol. 5 2010.

[4] Bhupendra Singh Kalchuri, Dr. Rajeev Chandak, R.K.Yadav,‖ Study On Concrete Using Marble Powder Waste As

Partial Replacement Of Sand‖. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Vol. 5, pp. 87-89. April 2015.

[5] Concrete Technology– M.S.Shetty. Design Of Concrete Mixes- N.Krishna Raju.

[6] Domke P. V., ―Improvement in the strength of concrete by using industrial and agricultural waste‖. IOSR Journal of

Engineering, Vol. 2(4), Pages 755-759. April 2012.

[7] IS 10262-1982, Recommended guidelines for concrete mix design, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India.

[8] IS 516-1959: Methods of Tests for Strength of Concrete, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India.

[9] IS:383-1970 :Specification For Coarse and Fine Aggregates from Natural source for Concrete, Bureau of Indian

Standards, New Delhi, India.

[10] Satish Kumar, Et Al. ―Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregates with Marble Dust in

Concrete‖.Hydrabad.Anveshana’s International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2017.

[11] IS: 456-2000 Plain and Reinforced Concrete - Code of Practice, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India.

[12] IS: 8112-1989, Indian standard of ordinary Portland cement, 43 grade specification (second revision).

[13] IS: 10262-1982 Recommended Guidelines for Concrete Mix Design—Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.

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Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregates by Marble Powder in ... · transportation from natural sources. Marble powder also has cementitious properties and may help in binding the aggregates