Participation in T2K neutrino program? benefits, options, and opportunities

26/01/05 A. Geiser, Discussion on T2K 1

Participation in T2K neutrino program? benefits, options, and opportunities

Introduction Outline of current questions in neutrino physics The T2K program Detector and schedules DESY-specific aspects Conclusions

Achim Geiser

ZEUS DESY group discussion on future opportunities 26. January 05


The T2K project

50 GeV p~1 GeV


Assumptions on constraints

DESY contribution initially limited to manpower and resources as outlined in the HGF request

further contribution should be scalable both upwards and downwards, depending on resources and roadmap for DESY participation in ILC

need long term future option

individual DESY physicists cannot simultaneously participate in HERA and ILC and external activity (group can)

-> external activity in addition to declining HERA activity/stepping up ILC activity


Current issues in neutrino physics

conservative assumption: neutrino oscillations are established! Super-K, SNO, KamLand + many others -> neutrinos have mass, (minimal) extension of Standard Model!

quark masses (6) and mixing parameters (4) are now all known; recently completed by CP violation parameters from Belle/Babar

out of the corresponding 10 mass and mixing parameters of the lepton sector (slide) , only 7 are (partially) known: me, m, m, m2

12, 12 („solar“), |m223|, 23 („atm“)

remain to be measured: absolute mass scale (tritium beta decay, double beta decay) sign of m2

23 mass hierarchy (slide) , matter effects

13 ! (~equivalent to Vub)

CP violation!!


Current issues in neutrino physics

CP violation can only be measured if 13 /= 0 !

need 3-generation mixing!

Sign of m223 can only be measured if 13 /= 0 !

need e contribution! (matter effects)

leptonic CP violation might be able to explain baryon asymmetry in the universe (standard model instanton processes in Big Bang can turn lepton asymmetry into baryon asymmetry)

quark sector CP violation cannot (too small!)

measurement of 13 is very fundamental! T2K phase I

interest of CP violation is obvious T2K phase II + neutrino factory


T2K (2009~)

K2K (1999~2005?)

Super-Kamiokande

４０ｍ250km

J-PARC@JAERI

CHOOZexcluded

sin2213

Sensitivity on e appearance

~20times

Neutrino physics at J-PARCTokai-to-Kamioka (T2K) LBL experiment

Off-axis sub-GeV beam from J-PARC 50GeV-PS

~3000 CC int./yr (w/o osc.) e appearance discovery disapp. precise meas. 5 year const. Start exp. in 2009.

S Nagamiya, NP04, KEK, August 24, 2004


The T2K program

end of 2004: phase I finally approved!

2005-2008 prepare near detector,

reequip Super-K (far detector) with full phototube density

(1. April?) 2009: start data taking

(when they say april 1, they mean april 1)

measure/limit 13 ! (best sensitivity worldwide)

if /= 0, CP violation and matter effects can be large!

improve measurements of sin223 (=1 or not?) and m223

standard neutrino physics with near detector

in parallel, prepare for phase 2 (start 20xx?):

higher intensity beam (proton driver), intermediate detector, HK


Location of JAERI at Tokai

TOKYO

KEK

JAERI

NARITA

KAMIOKA

Tokai

Tsukuba



Replies to Recommendations (2)

Recommendation #3: The IAC strongly recommends that the neutrino oscillation experiment be brought into Phase I with additional supplementary funding. This would send a clear signal for international collaboration in this area. The neutrino project was approved for construction.



Construction Schedule

Linac

3 GeV

50 GeV

Materials + Life

Nuclear-Particle

Neutrino (plan)

Others

Salt Farms

Bldg. construction

Equip. constructionBeamtest

Bldg. construction


Bldg. construction


Bldg. construction


Bldg. construction


Bldg. construction


Construction

Archelogical studies

Construction Schedule (as of Oct., 2003)

FY2001 FY2002 FY2003 FY2004 FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008

BeamConstruction Start

study report

1) Budget and Schedule



Expected Beam Power

Beam Test

0.2

0.0

MW

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

JFY2007

平成23年度平成24年度平成19年度平成20年度平成21年度平成22年度

Usage for Experiments

Usage for Experiments

Usage for Experiment

3 GeVNeutron and Muon Construction

Construction

Construction

KEK PSPower

Completion of200 MeV Linac

400 MeV Linac Construction

200 MeVon Day 1

Expected Beam Power at 3 GeV

400 MeVon Day 1

400 MeV installationin 2008-2010

JFY2008 JFY2009 JFY2010 JFY2011 JFY2012

Completionof T2K

50 GeVNuclear - Particle

T 2 K Experiment

1) Budget and Schedule



IAC, March 2004

2) Construction Status S Nagamiya, NP04, KEK, August 24, 2004


3 GeV Quadrupole Magnet 2) Construction Status



Letters of Intent for 50 GeV

Announce of LoI call : July 2002 Thirty LoI’s were submitted by early 2003

Strangeness nuclear physics 7 Nuclear/hadron physics 7 Kaon decay physics 4 Muon physics 3 Neutrino physics 1 Future facilities 8

478 physicists with 2/3 from outside Japan. Asian participation is still few.

Call for proposals: Most likely, within half(?) a year, if no further delay is observed for the 50 GeV construction.

Nuclear/Particle Facility LOI Authors

Total #= 478

Japan

North America

Europe

Asia

4) Letters of Intent



Timeline for 50 GeV Proposals

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

NowBeam

Final Decision onDay-1 Experiments

Call forProposals

Formation of PAC

Discussionof LoI's

Current Issue before the formatin of PAC: Organization at the Operational Stage



From K2K to T2K

T2K = Tokai to Kamioka(not yet an official name)

e

AtmosphericNeutrino

K2K,MINOS,CERN T2K

Atmospheric neutrinoAccelerator neutrino

Solar neutrinoReactor neutrino

+

KamLAND+

SNO

Best fit

Flux () at J-PARC 50 GeV PS > 100 x Flux () at KEK 12 GeV PS

With oscillation

Without oscillation

Data since 1999K2K = KEK to Kamioka

108 eventsobserved(151 events expectedwithout anyoscillations)

99.99% confident that carries a finite mass.

3) Recent News in Sciences



e appearance.

Overcome the background and correctly estimate the remaining background. sin22e=0.05,

m2=3×10-3eV2

mostly 0

mostly from decay

LOI


Conceptual Off-Axis 280m Detector

Magnet (and side MRD)

Magnet (and side MRD)

Electron calorimeterFine Grained detectorw/ or w/o water target Scintillator

Tracker (TPC or chambers)Iron shield for -ID


UA1 Magnet

7.64(L)× 6.116(H)× 5.596(W) B=0.67T (UA1), 0.4T(NOMAD),

≤0.2T (T2K for power<0.6MW) NOMAD experiments


Instrumenting the iron

“C” are made of plates of iron 4.8 cm thick Gap of 1.7 cm between plates It is possible to insert scintillators in the gaps (1 complete layer ~ 90 m2) (extruded scintillators with fibers?)

For UA1 = hadron calorimeter For T2K = muon range detector


Full Active target detector

SciBar-like to measure the exclusive final states.


T2KInterim Collaboration Agreement

andInterim MoU for the Common Project

which are under discussion in the IBR

K. Nakamura, T2K collaboration meeting, 24.8.04


Interim Agreement on International Collaboration


T2K Collaboration does not have a Collaboration Agreement yet.

In the formal CA, we (Spokesperson + KEK Representative) wish to specify contributions from each participating Institution/Country/Region to the Experiment.

Until the funding situation of most of the participating Institution/Country/Region becomes clear, we wish to proceed with an Interim Agreement.

Until the formal CA is signed, the IBR (International Board of Representatives) functions as the Executive Committee.

Organization, Institutional Responsibilities, Membership, etc. will be defined.


T2K Interim Board of Representatives

Spokesperson K. Nishikawa

Construction group representative T. Kobayashi

National / Regional representativesCanada A. Konaka, J.M. Poutissou

Italy M. Mezzeto France F. Pierre

Korea S.B. Kim Poland D. Kielczewska

Russia Y. Kudenko Spain E. Fernandes

Switzerland A. Blondel UK D. Wark

USA G. Beir, C.K. Jung*, H. Sobel

KEK representative K. Nakamura

ICRR representative Y. Suzuki



Common Project and Common Fund for Facilities Related to Neutrino Beam and Near Detector

As one of the host institutes of the T2K Experiment, KEK is responsible for the civil construction of the facilities related to the neutrino beam and the near detectors.

The construction of the neutrino beam line and the near detectors including part of the beam extraction system is defined as the Common Project of the T2K Collaboration.

Each collaborating Institute/Country/Region is expected to contribute to the Common Project appropriately.

Contributions to the Common Project will be made in two ways: In-kind contribution to supply engineering work and/or equipments cash contribution to the Common Fund

KEK as a host institute will exchange an Interim MoU with each contributing Institution/Funding Agency with regard to funding request for the contribution to the Common Project.

When funding is allocated, the Interim MoU will be replaced with the MoU between KEK and the contributing Institution/Funding Agency.


potential DESY participation? disclaimer: the following is an example for a hypothetical scenario made up by me, not

yet discussed with the DESY management nor with the T2K collaboration

phase 0: 2005/6? main hardware/software/analysis activity: HERA convergence towards decision on external DESY participation preparation of potential bilateral german-japanese agreements discussion on agreement at European level to become part of a European hub for infrastructure (hardware, test beams, meetings) and computing/analysis

for test beam and physics data collaboration agreement on detector tasks and access to far detector data, in-kind contributions? (beam-line elements (HERA), detector parts (ZEUS)) formally join T2K collaboration in 2006?

phase 1: 2007/8? main analysis activity: HERA work on hardware/software contribution to T2K

detector construction activities according to agreement electron test beam activities, including support for other European groups preparation of online and monitoring software preparation of analysis software


potential DESY participation? phase 2: 2009-final ILC approval? start of T2K data taking shift of analysis activity HERA -> T2K hardware activity towards intermediate+far detectors?

running in of near detector participation in data taking shifts start European or European/US analysis activity! (attract students) prepare participation to T2K stage 2 (e.g. intermediate detector, HK) in parallel after end of HERA analysis: participate in ILC+detector design

activities (e.g. T2K diploma students -> ILC PhD students)

phase 3: ILC approval-ILC startup? main analysis activity: T2K rescale hardware/software contribution to T2K for compatibility with ILC+detector plans

data analysis! (oscillations + many „standard“ physics topics) define scale of participation to T2K phase 2 hardware depending on available

resources continue role as infrastructure provider in any case (=minimum involvement)


Conclusions

DESY participation in T2K would offer great physics opportunities (attract students + postdocs) fit transition time between end of HERA analysis and start of ILC analysis offer opportunities to collaborate with German and European partners in a fully international project and serve as a German or maybe even

European Hub offer opportunities for application of expertise in particle physics analysis,

detectors and beam line elements (+ in-kind contributions from ending HERA program??) allow to participate with initially limited resources allow to scale future hardware commitments according to ILC

developments offer excellent long term perspectives, if wished, via an intermediate

detector and a Megaton far detector towards a neutrino factory

If participation to an external project is considered at all, this option ideally matches all the requirements


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Participation in T2K neutrino program? benefits, options, and opportunities