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Participatory Budgeting Introduction to Participatory Budgeting. Introduction to Participatory Budgeting. What is PB? Where and how did PB originate? Where has PB been implemented? What are the dimensions of PB? Why is PB important?. Participatory Budgeting (PB) is: - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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2009, The World Bank Group, All Rights Reserved
Participatory Budgeting Introduction to Participatory Budgeting
2009, The World Bank Group, All Rights Reserved
Introduction to Participatory Budgeting
• What is PB?
• Where and how did PB originate?
• Where has PB been implemented?
• What are the dimensions of PB?
• Why is PB important?
2009, The World Bank Group, All Rights Reserved
What is Participatory Budgeting?
Participatory Budgeting (PB) is:
“a mechanism (or process) through which the population decides on, or contributes to decisions made on, the destination of all or part of available public resources”– budget formulation– decision making– monitoring of budget execution
2009, The World Bank Group, All Rights Reserved
PB strives to• enhance local government
accountability • improve budget targeting• promote public expenditure
transparency
Increased effectiveness of public expenditure
Technical Aspects: Increased Effectiveness of Public Expenditure
2009, The World Bank Group, All Rights Reserved
• PB can promote civic engagement and social learning
• Citizens have the opportunity to– Gain firsthand knowledge of
government operations– Influence government policies– Hold their government accountable for
policy outcomes
• PB is an integrated mechanism promoting inclusion and participation for more accountable governance and an effective public expenditure process
Social Aspects: PB as a “School of Citizenship”
2009, The World Bank Group, All Rights Reserved
• Created 1989 in Porto Alegre, Brazil• Introduced by the Worker’s Party to inverse spending priorities• Initially low participation rates (1,000 people) but gradually
increased participation rates (up to 20,000 people)
→ Success of a political party contributed to the popularity of PB→ But: PB is also popular in places where no political change is
anticipated
Where and How was PB Created?
2009, The World Bank Group, All Rights Reserved
Where has PB been implemented?
• In the developed as well as developing world, in the North and South
• At all levels of government – from national, sub-national to local levels
• In small rural towns and villages and large urban metropolis promoting participation of especially marginalized populations
• Through national legislation as a top-down process, and bottom-up approaches by citizens and civil society groups themselves
2009, The World Bank Group, All Rights Reserved
PB in Brazil 1989 – 1992
PB Worldwide 2000-2008
PB in Latin America 1997 – 2000
PB Spreads Around the World
2009, The World Bank Group, All Rights Reserved
• No single model
• Variations possible in 6 dimensions: 1) Participation2) Inclusion3) Financial dimension4) Legal dimension5) Territorial dimension6) Cultural dimension
Dimensions of PB
2009, The World Bank Group, All Rights Reserved
Dimension 1: Participation
2009, The World Bank Group, All Rights Reserved
• Discriminated and marginalized:– Women– Indigenous population – Youth– Other minorities
• Reached through:– Affirmative action programs,
quota of participants– Specific budget allocation to
projects benefitting marginalized groups
Dimension 2: Inclusion
2009, The World Bank Group, All Rights Reserved
• Amount of government funds available• Level of budget transparency• Portion of overall budget assigned to PB
– Usually 10% – 30% of general budget– In some Latin American municipalities, 100% of the general
budget is assigned to PB!
Dimension 3: Financial
2009, The World Bank Group, All Rights Reserved
Degree of formalization
Top-down: Regulated by national law• Empowers stakeholders• Lack of CSO involvement• Rigid framework
Dimension 4: Legal
Degree of formalization
Bottom-up: Informal processes• Rely on government & civil society• More ownership• More dependent on political will
2009, The World Bank Group, All Rights Reserved
Degree of intra-municipal decentralization– High level: PB process can be organized following existing
administrative divisions – Low level: division of municipality in territorial entities inherent
to the PB process can initiate decentralization process
Dimension 5: Territorial
2009, The World Bank Group, All Rights Reserved
Does the local culture allow for citizens to:• Express dissent or criticize higher authorities in public meetings?• Hold meetings in indigenous languages?• For young citizens, to oppose the view of the elders?
Dimension 6: Cultural
2009, The World Bank Group, All Rights Reserved
Key purposes of implementing PB:• Increasing efficiency in budget allocation • Improving accountability and management• Reducing social exclusion and poverty• Increasing trust between government and
citizens
• Strengthening democratic practices
Why is PB Important?
2009, The World Bank Group, All Rights Reserved
• Citizens define and incorporate priorities into the public budget
• Allocates scarce resources to those who need them most
• Promotes decentralization• Long-term results and
monitor PB implementation
Increasing Efficiency in Budget Allocation
2009, The World Bank Group, All Rights Reserved
• Citizens discuss budget constraints with government and optimize resources
• Budget decisions more acceptable and more easily approved• Strengthened governance and improved accountability
Improving Accountability & Management
2009, The World Bank Group, All Rights Reserved
• Demystifies government budgets• Promotion of budget literacy and knowledge about revenue
generation
→ Citizens learn that they have control over how taxes are collected and how public budgets are formulated
→ Increased government legitimacy and citizen trust
Increasing Trust Between Government & Citizens
2009, The World Bank Group, All Rights Reserved
• Mechanisms to re-direct public resources to marginalized groups
• Enhanced empowerment and opportunity structures
• Increased understanding of citizen’s rights and duties, government functions and responsibilities
Reducing Social Exclusion & Poverty
2009, The World Bank Group, All Rights Reserved
• Increases social capital and social cohesion• “School of Citizenship”
→ Citizens learn about their right to information and participation
→ Democratic practices are taught and applied in public meetings
• Alternative to traditional power relationships• Encourages gender equality• Promotes social cohesion and harmonization
Strengthening Democratic Practices
2009, The World Bank Group, All Rights Reserved
• Definition: technical & social aspects• Origins of PB• Six dimensions of variation• Key purposes
Review